ELECTRONIC SAIL SHAPE SENSOR NETWORK AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME FOR SINGLE AND MULTI-SAIL AND AERFOIL SAIL CONFIGURATIONS

Abstract

The instant invention describes devices and methods of measuring the differential air pressure at numerous representative points across the surface of the sail or sails or aerofoils and providing visual feedback of areas of ideal laminar flow and areas of less than optimal airflow with a calculation of thrust and providing an indication the maximal differential airflow and thrust. The invention utilizes an array of sensors that detect minute variations in barometric pressure and other data on each side of the sail surface. These sensors are connected together to form a network or net across the sail or aerofoil sail surface. This connection can be physical, using wires, or it may be wireless, using for example, but certainly not being limited to, Bluetooth LE 5.0 or other wireless topologies or technologies. This can be extended over multiple sails and monitor not only the sail but the interaction of the sails. Finally it can utilize a combination of wired and wireless connections to fit individual situations and can couple with existing terrestrial and satellite ship networks allowing for or aiding in automated control of the sails by the network.

Claims

1. An electronic sail shape network comprising: at least one sensor mounted on a first of an at least two sails on a boat; at least one additional sensor mounted on a second of an at least two sails on a boat; an at least one transceiver sending and receiving signals and transmitting data with the at least one sensor on the first sail of the at least two sails and the at least one additional sensor on the second sail of the at least two sails; an at least one data processing unit; an at least one network created at least in part by the at least one sensor on the first of the at least two sails and the at least one additional sensor on a second of the at least two sails and the data processing unit; and an at least one program stored on the network and communicating with the at least one data processing unit calculating a sail force from the transmitted data, wherein the at least one sensor and the at least one further sensor are mounted on the respective first or second sail in pairs on either side and detect barometric pressures and thereby the difference in the barometric pressure between a windward and leeward side of the respective sail reporting the data to the at least one data processing device which provides a calculation of the difference in the barometric sail pressure differential and correlates this to a forward thrust calculation.

2. The sail shape network of claim 1, wherein, the processing unit calculates the resulting propulsive thrust from the respective sail and communicates this with the network and an at least one display using a visual indicator for the thrust calculation.

3. The sail shape network of claim 1, wherein the reporting of the data further comprises reporting the data to a computing device which further provides a visual representation in real-time of the respective sail surface to a user such that the areas of ideal and less than ideal pressure differential readings are discernible and overall pressure on the sail is displayed in real time as well as the thrust calculation.

4. The sail shape network of claim 3, wherein the reporting of the data to a computing device provides for a calculation of a combined effect of the respective first and second of the at least two sails and the visual representation in real-time of the respective sail surfaces shows the combined effect to a user such that the areas of ideal and less than ideal pressure differential readings are discernible and overall pressure on the sail is displayed in real time as well as the thrust calculation.

5. The sail shape network of claim 2, wherein the further sensor includes an at least one accelerometer and the at least one accelerometer detects and transmits data to the data processing unit such that when combined with thrust calculations the data processing unit detects when an out of control condition is imminent in the boat.

6. An electronic aerofoil sail shape network comprising: at least one sensor mounted on a first aerofoil of an at least one aerofoil sail on a boat; an at least one transceiver sending and receiving signals and transmitting data with the at least one sensor on the first aerofoil sail of the at least one aerofoil sails; an at least one data processing unit; an at least one network created at least in part by the at least one sensor on the first of the at least one aerofoil sails; and an at least one program stored on the network and communicating with the at least one data processing unit calculating a sail force from the transmitted data, wherein the at least one sensor is mounted on the sail in pairs on either side and detects barometric pressures and thereby the difference in the barometric pressure between a windward and leeward side of the sail reporting the data to the at least one data processing device which provides a calculation of the difference in the barometric aerofoil sail pressure differentials and correlates this to a forward thrust calculation.

7. The electronic aerofoil sail shape network of claim 6, further comprising: a second aerofoil sail of the at least one aerofoil sails mounted on the boat; at least one additional sensor mounted on the second aerofoil sail; wherein the at least one transceiver sends and receives signals and transmits data with the at least one sensor on the first aerofoil sail and the at least one additional sensor on the second aerofoil sail of the at least one aerofoil sails and the at least one network is further comprised of at least in part the at least one sensor and the at least one additional sensor and the data processing unit and an at least one program stored on the network and communicating with the at least one data processing unit calculating an aerofoil sail force from the transmitted data, whereby the at least one sensor and at least one additional sensor is mounted on the respective aerofoil sail in pairs on either side and detects barometric pressures and thereby the difference in the barometric pressure between a windward and leeward side of the respective aerofoil sail reporting the data to the at least one data processing device which provides a calculation of the difference in the barometric sail pressure differential and correlates this to a forward thrust calculation for the first and second sail in combination.

8. The electronic aerofoil sail shape network of claim 6, wherein, the processing unit calculates the resulting propulsive thrust from the aerofoil sail and communicates this with the network and an at least one display using a visual indicator for the thrust calculation.

9. The electronic aerofoil sail shape network of claim 5, wherein the reporting of the data to a computing device further provides a visual representation in real-time of the aerofoil sail surface to a user such that the areas of ideal and less than ideal pressure differential readings are discernible and overall pressure on the aerofoil sail is displayed in real time as well as the thrust calculation.

10. The sail aerofoil sail shape network of claim 7, wherein the further sensor includes an at least one accelerometer and the at least one accelerometer detects and transmits data to the data processing unit such that when combined with thrust calculations the data processing unit detects when an out of control condition is imminent in the boat.

11. The sail aerofoil sail shape network of claim 10, wherein the data is reported to a computing device which provides for a calculation of a combined effect of the respective first and second of the aerofoil sails and the visual representation in real-time of the respective sail surfaces shows the combined effect to a user such that the areas of ideal and less than ideal pressure differential readings are discernible and overall pressure on the sail is displayed in real time as well as the thrust calculation.

12. The sail aerofoil sail shape network of claim 11, wherein the computing device further provides for an idealized trim setting for the combined first and second of the at least one aerofoil sail.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0010] Non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in greater detail by way of the drawings, where the same reference numerals refer to the same features.

[0011] FIG. 1A shows an exploded view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0012] FIG. 1B shows an assembled view showing the flexibility of the enclosure of the instant invention.

[0013] FIG. 1C shows a horizontal installation of an exemplary embodiment of the instant invention with a sensor on a front or windward face of a sale and a sensor on the back or leeward side of the sail.

[0014] FIG. 1D shows a vertical installation of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1C.

[0015] FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the sensor network installed in an exemplary embodiment on a working sail.

[0016] FIG. 3 shows a further view of a similar multi-sail rigged sailboat with an exemplary embodiment of the sensor network installed.

[0017] FIG. 4 shows top down views of airflow over a typical sail combination with the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 thereon.

[0018] FIG. 5A and 5B show flowcharts of exemplary embodiments of a method of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The figures show plan and sectional views of an exemplary embodiment of the sail monitoring system, the individual sensor devices, and the general operation of same as well as existing sails tell tale locations.

[0020] The invention utilizes an array of sensors 10 that detect minute variations in barometric pressure and other data on each side of the sail surface. These sensors 10 are connected together to form a network or net 100 across the sail. This connection can be physical, using wires, or it may be wireless, using for example, but certainly not being limited to, Bluetooth LE 5.0 or other wireless topologies or technologies. Finally it may utilize a combination of wired and wireless connections to fit individual situations and can couple with existing terrestrial and satellite ship networks. The sail sensor network 100 is connected to one or more nodes or sensors 10 that collect the raw data and in a non-limiting exemplary embodiment transmit it using Bluetooth or other wireless networking technology to a computing device, such as a smartphone, tablet computer, or other device that has the computing power to provide the user with a visual representation of the data and indicates the state of the sail. A further version of the interface can also suggest the necessary action to correct any imbalance in differential pressure. These systems can be located onboard, in a support vessel, or ashore.

[0021] A further aspect of the invention is the ability to sense emergency conditions and adjust the boat to remain stable. Recently, competitive sailing, notably the upcoming presentation of the 36th Americas Cup in 2021, has added foiling arms to the specifications of the boats. This presents several challenges in addition to the importance of accurately determining the amount of thrust being generated by the sails. Foiling sailboats ride on hydrofoil like foil arm extensions and can very easily slip into dangerous instability at a wide range of speeds. Once the boat is outside its performance envelope it can become very dangerous to the crew very quickly. The instant invention further allows for the transmission of adjustments to the control surfaces of the foiling sailboat, for instance winches and steering elements, in a timely manner to avoid unstable conditions. Using predetermined accelerometer data safety cutoffs the accelerometer data detected over the sensor network can be detected in the exemplary embodiment and remediate the controls based on early indicators (e.g. wobble, porpoise etc.) of instability and keeps the boat inside the designed performance envelope.

[0022] Adjustments to the various control surfaces of the boat 1 can include but are not limited to, easing or tightening of sail trim lines 40 (called sheets) on the sail 20,30 mounted to the mast 2 changing the sail(s) 20,30 shape to increase or decrease the acceleration power or thrust. We can also control the heading and direction of the boat in relation to the wind by heading up or falling off (relative to wind) typically through rudder controls. And in the case of boats with foiling arms noted above, the foils on the arms. Using these control systems and other measures we expect to be able to prevent or at least minimize the impact of catastrophic performance of the foils that can lead to high speed crashes and systemic failures.

[0023] Non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in greater detail by way of the drawings, where the same reference numerals refer to the same features. The figures show plan and sectional views of an exemplary embodiment of the sail monitoring system, the individual sensor devices, and the general operation of same as well as existing sails tell tale locations.

[0024] In one design, shown as the non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the drawings in FIGS. 1A-2, the sensors are MEMS barometric pressure sensors mounted or attached in pairs, on opposite sides of sail 20, in this instance on the front or windward 25 side and back or leeward side 26, of each other in a number of locations about the sail(s) 20,30, each with its own circuit board 12, battery 14, and transmitter 16. Each would transmit its data to a master node, which can be the computing device or another transmitter.

[0025] In another design, the sensors 10 can be arranged in a strip of material that can be rubber or thermoplastic material, or fabric such that the strip can be attached to the sail from front to back, from top to bottom, or some other orientation on the sail, as shown in FIG. 3. The material will be designed such that the sail can be furled or wrapped around a pole or wire inside of the mast, boom or forestay of the boat so that it does not interfere with proper airflow or operation of the sail.

[0026] The individual sensors 10, which can be for instance MEMS barometric sensors, or other types of sensor that can provide the data required and not significantly interfere with the sails performance, are connected along the length of the strip in known intervals and are connected to a node at the end of the strip which contains a main circuit board, battery, and transmitter or provides a method of connection to another strip oriented roughly perpendicularly to the first strip that then leads to a single master node which contains the main circuit board, battery, and transmitter. In both cases, a number of sensor strips or packs can be applied across the surface of the sail to provide the desired density of sensor coverage across the surface of the sail.

[0027] The strips can be attached to the surface of the sail(s) 20,30 by attachment devices such as the non-limiting exemplary embodiment shown with magnets 18, or may include adhesives or can be sewn onto the surface of the sail or laminated into the sail cloth itself.

[0028] The invention includes the ability, in the form of analytical software and the required algorithms stored on the computing device, to provide a visual representation, in real-time or collected for subsequent analysis, of the sail, aerofoil, or winged surface to the user such that the areas of ideal and less than ideal pressure differential readings are discernible.

[0029] The invention will also allow for the heretofore unknown capability of being able to precisely describe the interaction of one or more sails 20, 30 and the airflows moving across them and how they interact. For example, the effect of sail position relative to one another and wind exiting the forward sail 30 on laminar flow or in turbulence and the effect of the condition of wind over another trailing or aft sail 20 or wing surface.

[0030] FIG. 4 shows a top down view of airflow over a typical sail combination with the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3 thereon. As noted above, whether a single sail or multiple sails are involved, tightening or loosening the sail from its front edge to its rear edge (e.g. luff to leech) or applying tension vertically from the top of the sail to the bottom (e.g. head to foot) the sensors 10 register the pressure in real time as the wind flows across the sail. As noted previously, sails are designed to take advantage of the Bernoulli principle and other physical principals, similar to airplane wings, essentially creating an idealized airfoil with a pressure differential. By varying the shape of the sail such that it has camber from front to back the profile for the given sail can be idealized for the wind conditions and position of the boat relative to the direction of the wind as shown in FIG. 4.

[0031] Typically, the more camber, the more resulting pressure differential and by correlation to the sail size forward thrust, as well as opposing drag is created, up to a point where the induced drag becomes sufficient to be detrimental as previously noted. Additionally, the sail must be situated at an angle about its vertical axis so as to create an angle of attack relative to the apparent wind, as shown in FIG. 4. At angles of attack that are too great, the sail stalls. At the proper angle of attack, laminar airflow over the greatest front to back distance over the sail is created, producing optimum forward thrust. Obtaining the ideal sail shape in current conditions and thus maximizing thrust and thereby boat speed is the goal. The instant invention aids in visualizing how the adjustments, for instance, to the angle of attack affect the laminar nature of the flow over the sail and thereby affecting the pressure and thrust generated by sail. This also allows for visualization of the combined interaction of multiple sails, again as noted above.

[0032] FIG. 4 shows typical airflow over a two sail rig or configuration in the airflow described, each having camber and adjusted to create a laminar flow. As noted, the top down view is looking toward the deck of boat in a wind with a direction of travel and an angle of attack for each sail relative to the wind (shown in arrows, labeled on drawing). The mast 2 is shown as a reference point as well as an at least two sails, here the main sail 20 and jib 30, and shown diagrammatically with the flow of air as arrows 151,152 traveling across the sails or airfoils 20, 30. Some airflows land on either the main 20 or jib 30 and attach in an orderly, laminar flow 152 as evidenced by the smooth arrows and follow the curvature of the sail. Other air passing between the sails for example is disturbed and turbulent 151 as it passes onto the main 20 from the jib 30. The invention performs two important tasks. First, the sensors measure the even, smooth pressure gradient of the laminar flow over various areas of the sail and provide that information to outside screens and other information systems as described herein. Secondly, the sensors can detect the disturbed turbulent air between the sails and report that information to various screens and systems as described herein. It may be the case that optimizing the first or lead sail degrades the output of the other or trailing sail in a greater amount than the gain. The exemplary embodiment of the invention provides user feedback to enable users to make informed decisions and adjust the shape of the sails relative to one another improve overall performance based on actual real time data and maximize the aggregate thrust from both sails simultaneously.

[0033] FIGS. 5A and 5B show flowcharts of exemplary embodiments of the method of the instant invention. In FIG. 5A, a single sail is sampled and pressure differentials are established, based in the exemplary embodiment described, on at least three areas or regions of the sail, as similarly shown in FIG. 3 and described throughout the specification, in method steps 100-300. The pressure differentials are measured by pairs of sensors located on either side of the sail or airfoil 20, 30 and collected for calculation for each region or area.

[0034] The three areas being sensed in the exemplary embodiment are noted for the leading edge 100, mid-foil 200, and foil chord 300. There can be a greater or lesser numbers of areas or regions of the sails 20, 30 upon which the sensors 10 are attached and calculating pressure differentials. Similarly, fewer or greater numbers of sensors 10 per region or area can be included without departing from the invention, typically this selection is based on the goals of the user, designer, competitor and so on.

[0035] This information, can for example, in the non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the method of the invention, be passed over or communicated to an at least one of one network and/or to an at least one device which aggregates the information and calculates a force or thrust calculation for the entire sail 20 or a specific area or region and displays this information. This can then be transmitted to outside instruments, screens, handheld devices, websites, other instruments aboard the vessel or the like in method step 500. Thus, the thrust can be included with the display of differential pressure allowing for real time review of the effect of adjustments for optimization of the sail 20, with the differential calculations visualization in real time and displayed to a user or stored as previously discussed.

[0036] In FIG. 5B, the pressure differentials are measured by the at least one sensor mounted in pairs of sensors located on either side of the sail or foil 30 for a second sail of an at least two sails and collected for calculation per region or area in steps 600-900. The regional calculations are similarly situated on the second sail and then aggregated and calculated to determine a force or thrust calculation on the sail 20, 30 in step 500 for both the first and second of the at least two sails, which can for instance but are certainly not limited to a main sail and a jib, Genoa, spinnaker or the like. In the at least two sail case, though the process is identical and runs concurrently on both sails, the system and the method of the system allows for the real time measurement of the dynamics of the sails which are linked as wind travels smoothly over the sail or in a disturbed, turbulent state from one sail to the other. So while the leading sail (Jib, Genoa, or Spinnaker) may be generating force efficiently, it may leave in its wake disturbed air that hampers the following or main sail. This invention allows for the calculations of force on each and a combined total to show how adjustments change the interaction of the sails upon one and other.

[0037] The embodiments and examples discussed herein are non-limiting examples. The invention is described in detail with respect to non-limiting exemplary embodiments, and it will now be apparent from the foregoing to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects, and the invention, therefore, as defined in the claims is intended to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit of the invention.