Abstract
A load-bearing frame of a building based on a gridshell designed for bearing weight and external loads from detached compartments for various purposes. The main structural elements of the gridshell are designed in such a way that they can be used in fastening detached compartments or to ensure the separate position of these compartments. It is assumed that with the use of the gridshell there will be no need in continuous covering.
Claims
1. A method of constructing a gridshell comprising the use of main structural elements of the gridshell which are designed for bearing load from detached compartments by means of provided mounts.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein rods and mounts are to be used as the main structural elements of the gridshell.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the gridshell is to be constructed from prefabricated structural elements.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one main structural element of the gridshell is to be used for fastening one detached compartment.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the combination of at least two elementary cells of the gridshell is to be selected as the place for fastening one detached compartment.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein a part of the main structural elements of the gridshell is to be used for fastening detached compartments and a part is left free from fastening these compartments, thus ensuring their separate position.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein mounts for fastening detached compartments is to be also provided on those main structural elements which are left free from the fastening of detached compartments.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the gridshell is to be constructed in the form of a dome.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the gridshell is to be constructed in the form of a full sphere.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the gridshell is to be constructed in the form of a single-cavity hyperboloid of revolution, or a combination of at least two single-cavity hyperboloids of revolution representing a tower structure.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the gridshell is to be constructed in the form of a complex amorphous structure.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the gridshell is to be constructed as a combination of at least two of its types.
13. A gridshell comprising main structural elements intended for integration of detached compartments with the gridshell, depending on the integration scheme, the main structural elements are used either for fastening the detached compartments or for providing a separate position of these compartments.
14. The gridshell of claim 13, wherein the integration scheme is determined at the design stage of the gridshell.
15. The gridshell of claim 13, wherein the scheme of integration of the detached compartments may be changed at any stage of construction and operation of the gridshell.
16. The gridshell of claim 13, wherein the main structural elements of the gridshell are the rods and mounts.
17. The gridshell of claim 13, wherein at least one main structural element can be used for fastening one detached compartment.
18. The gridshell of claim 13, wherein at least two different main structural elements can be used for fastening one detached compartment.
19. The gridshell of claim 13, wherein the separate position of the detached compartments is ensured by an aggregate of main structural elements forming an area of the gridshell adjacent to the place or places where the detached compartments are fastened.
20. The gridshell of claim 13, wherein the main structural elements used as mounts for fastening the detached compartments and for ensuring their separate position are of the same design.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
[0046] The present invention will be better understood from a description of some exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the following figures:
[0047] FIGS. 1A, 1B. Accordingly, a side view and a top view show an example dome. The load-bearing framework of the dome is structurally a gridshell. The dome is depicted with a continuous covering, which may be a roof and, or walls.
[0048] FIGS. 2A, 2B. Accordingly, a side view and a top view show, an example of a dome-shaped load-bearing frame is depicted. The load-bearing framework is structurally a gridshell. The gridshell consists of a plurality of rods and mounts. The structure of the gridshell is th of a geodesic sphere constructed from the projection of a regular icosahedron.
[0049] FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C. Accordingly, a side view in section, a top view in partial section, and an additional sectional view, show an example of the mount. Due to its insignificant size, this mount is not depicted in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 4A, 4B. In principle, the mount is not different from that proposed in the prototype, however, in addition to fastening the gridshell rods, it can be used to fasten detached compartments. The dashed line shows a conventional representation of a detached compartment. The combination of rod mount mating portions and detached compartments may vary and depend on the integration scheme of the detached compartments with the gridshell.
[0050] FIGS. 4A, 4B. Accordingly, in the isometric and top views, an example of a dome-shaped load-bearing framework is shown. The framework is supported on a foundation, the solid ring a conventional representation thereof. The load-bearing frame is structurally a gridshell. The structure of the gridshell is part of a geodesic sphere built on the projection of a regular icosahedron. In the central part of each of fifteen segments there are six hexahedral cells representing the combination of six trihedral cells. In each of these cells conditionally one detached compartment in the form of a sphere is shown. The total number of detached compartments is ninety. In fact, this is one of many examples of the integration of detached compartments with the gridshell.
[0051] FIGS. 5A, 5B Accordingly, in a top view in partial section and a side view in section, an example of one of the rods of the gridshell is shown. The example is given for ease of understanding, the rod is not fundamentally different from that proposed in the prototype. However, in addition to its primary functions, the rod can be used to fasten detached compartments. The dashed line shows an example of a clamp connection of a detached compartment to the rod. Similar to the mount shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, a portion of the detached compartment is depicted conventionally with a dashed line.
[0052] FIGS. 6A, 6B. Accordingly, in the isometric and top views, an example of a load-bearing frame in the shape of a complete sphere is depicted. The load-bearing framework is structurally a closed gridshell. The structure of the gridshell is a geodesic sphere constructed from the projection of a regular icosahedron. This example load-bearing frame can accommodate 1.33 times more detached compartments than the dome-shaped load-bearing frame, an example of which is shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B. The load-bearing frame is attached to 5 half-arches connected at the top and spaced 72 degrees apart. The shape of each half-arch is close to half a parabola, which results in a high load-bearing capacity of the entire arch structure while minimizing dead weight. The construction of the fastening of the gridshell to the arches, as well as the construction of the arches themselves is not discussed in detail and is not within the scope of the present invention. The images and the present description show one possible example of an auxiliary building structure, with a view to obtaining more effective forms of gridshells and their use as load-bearing structures for detached compartments.
[0053] FIGS. 7A, 7B. Accordingly, in the isometric and top views, an example of a load-bearing frame comprising a combination of two types of gridshells, a geodesic sphere and a single sheeted hyperboloid of revolution, is shown. In this example, the area of the spherical gridshell is complemented by the area of the gridshell in the form of a single sheeted hyperboloid of revolution. Similar to FIGS. 6A, 6B The construction of fastening the gridshells to each other is not contemplated and is not within the scope of the present invention. The images and the present description show one possible example of combining gridshells of various shapes and types, in order to obtain a greater number of effective shapes thereof and their use as load-bearing structures for detached compartments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0054] The following terms have been mentioned and explained in the BACKGROUND section of the present description: Load-bearing frame; Gridshell; Dome; Rod; Apartment building; Detached Compartments; Integration.
[0055] Various illustrative, non-limiting embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
[0056] The invention relates to the field of load-bearing frame construction, and more specifically to load-bearing gridshells. The basic principles of the construction of gridshells are now widely known to those skilled in the art. Several embodiments of gridshells are described in some detail in a selected prototype. This information is fairly enough for understanding the current invention.
[0057] In the preceding sections of this description, the problems of typical apartment building construction have been outlined. Also, the term gridshell has been defined and the reasons why this building structure has not been widely used in apartment building construction have been explained.
[0058] However, if you change the approach, the technology of gridshells can become the mainstream in apartment building construction. It is only necessary to abandon the usual, horizontal floor-by-floor arrangement of apartments and fasten them on the gridshell or build them into its cellular structure. Both single cells and combinations of cells can be used. In this way, horizontal, vertical, and in principle any suitable area of the gridshell can be used to fasten the apartments.
[0059] In FIGS. 1A, 1B, for illustrative purposes, a dome-shaped gridshell used as a load-bearing frame for a continuous coating (1) is shown. The gridshell, without the continuous coating, is depicted in FIGS. 2A, 2B. The present invention involves the integration of detached residential compartments with a gridshell structure. This means that it is possible to provide for each of the detached compartments to create and maintain its own microclimate. Accordingly, there is no need for a continuous coating of the gridshell itself. Moreover, this becomes undesirable if any vegetation, whether naturally or artificially cultivated, is retained or created under the gridshell. The absence of a continuous coating, in a normally operating building, allows to reduce its sailing, and thus increase its stability. This significantly simplifies the structure of the building and reduces weight. It eliminates or reduces the requirements for tightness of joints between the individual elements of the gridshell. It also reduces the operating costs associated with cleaning and maintenance of continuous gridshell coatings.
[0060] The main structural elements of the gridshell are the rod (2) and the mount shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C. Due to its small size, the mount is not shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 4A, 4B. For the purpose of simplification, the example of the mount and rod in the present description is substantially the same as the example of the mount and rod in the prototype description. The mount has a spherical shape and comprises an outer mount portion (3) and an inner mount portion (4). These parts are fastened together by means of a bolt (5). As can be seen in FIG. 3A the outer mount portion (3) has the shape of an inverted bell, the edge of which is turned out, to form an annular recess. The radius (R) of the outer mount portion (3) is equal to the radius (r) of the recess in the inner mount portion (4). The mating part of the mount (7) is rigidly fixed to the rod (2) by means of a stopper (8). The mating part of the mount (7) has an outer and an inner protrusion (9). The shape of these protrusions follows the radii (R) of the outer mount portion (3) and the radius (r) of the inner mount portion (4), this allows the position of the rod to be fixed at any value of the angle (L). Also in FIG. 3B, it can be seen that the shape of the mount mating portion (7) with the outer and inner protrusions (9) allows the mating portion to be rotated around the bolt axis (5) by 360 degrees. The provided possibility for movement of the mating part of the mount (7) is used during assembly for fine adjustment, until the bolt (5) is fully tightened. Accordingly, from two to six mount mating parts (7) can be fastened in this mount. FIG. 3C shows the wedge shape of the mating part and the protrusions, to allow a maximum number of mating parts to be fastened at a minimum angle value (L).
[0061] This example represents the best implementation of the present invention. In FIGS. 4A, 4B. an example of a gridshell in the form of a load-bearing frame for ninety compartments that could be called apartments is depicted. However, the present invention not only creates a fundamentally different approach to apartment building construction, it changes the very concept of an apartment. Due to the possibility of separate arrangement of apartments, there are characteristics peculiar to a private house, for example, the absence of common walls and ceilings with neighbors. However, the classical definition of a private house is also inapplicable here. Rather, it is a symbiosis of the two previous concepts, which requires elaboration in a separate patent application. In the present description, the previously disclosed term, detached compartment, is used. The detached compartments (10) are depicted conventionally and deliberately lack any detail. The shape of the compartment (10) is illustrated by way of example and may be different. The present description does not disclose the construction or method of manufacturing the detached compartments. However, the description does include information necessary for understanding the present invention, in particular, examples of the method and construction of a mount for fastening the detached compartments are provided. In FIG. 4C, a mount mating portion (7) rigidly fastened to the detached compartment (10) by means of a stopper (8) is shown. The size of the mount mating portion (7) for fastening the detached compartment, is similar to the mount mating portion for fastening the rod (2). Accordingly, the illustrated detached compartment (10) may be fastened by means of six mounts mating portions (7). This load-bearing frame, as well as the reinforced concrete frame of any apartment building, can be used to a greater or lesser extent for the laying of engineering, transportation and other systems. It is important to take into account that the separate, essentially private nature of the location of detached compartments greatly expands the possibilities for implementing these systems.
[0062] In FIGS. 5A, 5B shows the rod (2). Similar to the example in FIG. 4C, the detached compartment (10) is shown conventionally with a dashed line and is depicted for the understanding of the present invention only. For simplicity and clarity, the mating portion of the mount is a clamp (11) which is fastened to the rod by two bolts (12).
[0063] Accordingly, the invention has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, it is understood that numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
