CONSTRUCTION METHOD FOR STRUCTURE

Abstract

A construction method of a structure provided with a lower structure part entirely arranged below a ground surface and an upper structure part at least a part of which is arranged below the ground surface on the lower structure part, the construction method including a step of constructing the lower structure part below the ground surface, a step of allowing a heavy object to travel on a travel route including a range that affects the lower structure part after the lower structure part is constructed, and a step of constructing the upper structure part on the lower structure part after the heavy object is allowed to travel.

Claims

1. A construction method of a structure provided with a lower structure part entirely arranged below a ground surface and an upper structure part at least a part of which is arranged below the ground surface on the lower structure part, the construction method comprising: a step of constructing the lower structure part below the ground surface; a step of allowing a heavy object to travel on a travel route including a range that affects the lower structure part after the lower structure part is constructed; and a step of constructing the upper structure part on the lower structure part after the heavy object is allowed to travel.

2. The construction method for a structure according to claim 1, wherein the travel route is temporarily provided after the lower structure part is constructed, and the travel route is removed before the upper structure part is constructed.

3. The construction method for a structure according to claim 2, wherein the travel route is temporarily provided by backfilling the lower structure part.

4. The construction method for a structure according to claim 1, wherein a part of the upper structure part is constructed so as to protrude to a ground.

5. The construction method for a structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a foundation provided with a footing serving as the lower structure part and a pedestal serving as the upper structure part, and at the step of constructing the lower structure part, the footing is constructed so as to include a reinforcing bar joined to the pedestal.

6. The construction method for a structure according to claim 5, wherein at the step of constructing the lower structure part, the footing is constructed so as to include at least a part of a mechanical joint, and at the step of constructing the upper structure part, the pedestal is constructed so as to include a reinforcing bar joined to the footing, and the reinforcing bar of the footing and the reinforcing bar of the pedestal are joined to each other using the mechanical joint.

7. The construction method of a structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure includes a cavity in the structure, at the step of constructing the lower structure part, construction is performed in such a manner that the cavity opens upward, and a temporary lid is further installed in the cavity, and at the step of constructing the upper structure part, the temporary lid is removed.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a travel route set on a footing.

[0025] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a structure in which a pedestal is constructed on the footing.

[0026] FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a structure in which a temporary lid is installed in a cavity.

[0027] FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a structure including the cavity inside.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0028] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described on the basis of preferred embodiments.

<Construction of Foundation>

[0029] As a first embodiment, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an example of a step of constructing a foundation 10. The foundation 10 illustrated in FIG. 2 is provided with a footing 11 serving as a lower structure part and a pedestal 12 serving as an upper structure part.

[0030] The footing 11 and the pedestal 12 in the first embodiment are an example of the lower structure part and the upper structure part of a structure, respectively. Also in a case of constructing an underground structure other than the foundation 10, treatment for the footing 11 can be applied to another lower structure part, or treatment for the pedestal 12 can be applied to another upper structure part.

[0031] An entire footing 11 is arranged below a ground surface. At least a part of the pedestal 12 is arranged below the ground surface on the footing 11. The pedestal 12 may include a portion protruding above a ground G.

[0032] On the pedestal 12, although not particularly illustrated, a workpiece is constructed after the foundation 10 is completed. The workpiece is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a building, a steel tower, a bridge, a storage tank, a pipeline or the like.

[0033] Prior to a step of constructing the footing 11, for example, level concrete L is formed at a bottom of a hole or a groove excavated from the ground G to a predetermined depth. The footing 11 in the illustrated example is a reinforced concrete construction including concrete 11a and a reinforcing bar 11b. The reinforcing bar 11b included in the footing 11 is joined to the pedestal 12.

[0034] The reinforcing bar 11b of the footing 11 and a reinforcing bar 12b of the pedestal 12 are joined to each other by using a joint. As the joint, a welding joint, a gas pressure welding joint, a lap joint or the like is also used, but it is preferable to perform joining using a mechanical joint 13. This makes it possible to join the footing 11 and the pedestal 12 to each other by a simple method.

[0035] The mechanical joint 13 is not particularly limited, but the mechanical joint 13 including a steel pipe such as a coupler and a sleeve is preferable in order to enable transmission of a tensile force between the reinforcing bars 11b and 12b of both: examples of connection between the reinforcing bars 11b and 12b and the mechanical joint 13 include a screw type, a bolt type, a mortar filling type, a grout fixing type, a friction welding type, a sleeve crimping type, a wedge fixing type, and a combination type in which two or more of them are used in combination.

[0036] By using the mechanical joint 13 for the reinforcing bars 11b and 12b of the footing 11 and the pedestal 12, respectively, a construction schedule can be shortened. The mechanical joint 13 does not require a high level of skill as compared with the welding joint or gas pressure welding joint, and has an advantage that a joint length of the reinforcing bar can be shortened as compared with the lap joint, and protection of the reinforcing bar in a joint length portion can be simplified.

[0037] As illustrated in FIG. 1, at a step of constructing the footing 11, it is preferable to construct the footing 11 so as to include at least a part of the mechanical joint 13. This makes it easier to join the reinforcing bars 11b and 12b at a subsequent step.

[0038] In the illustrated example, the mechanical joint 13 is arranged within the footing 11. Since the reinforcing bar 11b and the mechanical joint 13 do not protrude above the footing 11, they are less likely to interfere with traveling of a heavy object H. Since the reinforcing bar 11b of the footing 11 is embedded in the concrete 11a, rusting of the reinforcing bar 11b can be suppressed.

[0039] Although not particularly illustrated, a position of the mechanical joint 13 in a length direction of the reinforcing bars 11b and 12b may be shifted for every reinforcing bars 11b and 12b. It is also possible to arrange the mechanical joint 13 on the pedestal 12 side with the reinforcing bar 11b of the footing 11 protruding above the footing 11. In this case, after joining the reinforcing bars 11b and 12b to each other via the mechanical joint 13, the mechanical joint 13 is embedded in the concrete 12a of the pedestal 12.

[0040] When the footing 11 is completed, a protection 14 may be applied to the mechanical joint 13. The protection 14 in the illustrated example includes a cap 14a for preventing rust and dust inside the mechanical joint 13 and a cover 14b for protecting the cap 14a. A plastic material or the like is used for the cap 14a, and wood or the like is used for the cover 14b, but the material is not particularly limited.

[0041] Before constructing the pedestal 12, the heavy object H is allowed to travel on a travel route W including a range that affects the footing 11. At a step of allowing the heavy object H to travel, removal of an enclosure around the travel route W, entry permission for the heavy object H or the like can be performed as necessary so that the heavy object H can travel. A transportation device or the like that corresponds to the heavy object H may be operated by a person different from a person who performs construction work.

[0042] The travel route W is set within a range in which the traveling of the heavy object H dynamically affects the footing 11. Even if there is no margin space for setting the travel route W at a position not affecting the footing 11, the heavy object H can be allowed to travel. In a case where a plurality of footing 11 is installed, the travel route W may be set so as to include a range that affects a part of the footings 11.

[0043] The position of the travel route W may be on the footing 11, may be a position vertically overlapping the footing 11, or may be slightly displaced in a horizontal direction from the footing 11. An amount of displacement in the horizontal direction may be, for example, 1 m or less, 2 m or less or the like depending on a situation. An influence of the heavy object H on the footing 11 is preferably such that a load of the heavy object H might act on the footing 11 but does not adversely affect the same.

[0044] A temporary travel route W is preferably arranged on the footing 11. As a result, even in a case where the footing 11 is not suitable for traveling of the heavy object H thereon, the heavy object H can be allowed to stably travel. For the temporary travel route W, one or two more materials such as a steel plate, a scaffold, a temporary bridge, a veneer plate, and a waterproof sheet may be used.

[0045] A part of the pedestal 12 out of the foundation 10 is constructed so as to protrude to the ground. Since the travel route W is installed before the pedestal 12 is constructed, the heavy object H can be allowed to travel without the pedestal 12 protruding to the ground affecting the travel route W.

[0046] The travel route W can be temporarily provided by backfilling the footing 11. In a case where a height of the footing 11 is lower than a surface of the surrounding ground G, a height of the travel route W may be leveled using a backfilling material such as earth and sand. As a result, a pressure by traveling of the heavy object H acts more uniformly on the travel route W, so that it is possible to suppress the influence on the footing 11.

[0047] The backfilling material is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the travel route W can be easily removed before the pedestal 12 is constructed, and examples thereof include sand, soil, gravel, clay, crushed stone, mineral dust or the like, for example. The earth and sand generated by excavating the ground G may be used as the backfilling material. In order to suppress sinking of the travel route W, it is preferable to appropriately perform compaction. A depth of backfilling is not particularly limited, and is, for example, about 50 cm to 3 m.

[0048] The heavy object H allowed to travel on the travel route W is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a transportation device that transports a heavy structure, a heavy machine or the like. A weight of the heavy object His not particularly limited, but is, for example, 2 t or more with 1000 kg as 1 t, and may include 10 t or more, 100 t or more, 1000 t or more or the like.

[0049] In a case where the heavy object H is the transportation device that transports the heavy structure, a total weight of the transportation device including a weight of the heavy structure may reach the weight of the heavy object H. A case where the total weight reaches the weight of the heavy object H by loading a large amount of steel frames or the like may also be included in the heavy object H. On the travel route W, a machine or a person lighter than the heavy object H may pass.

[0050] The heavy structure is not particularly limited, but is a structure that serves as a part of various workpieces or is used for equipment or the like, and examples thereof include a large device a module or the like, for example. The transportation device is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a truck, a trailer and the like.

[0051] The heavy machine is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a construction machine, a work machine or the like, for example, which are machines used for constructing various workpieces. A use of the heavy machine is not particularly limited, and this is used for excavating, leveling, transporting, loading and unloading, lifting, paving, dismantling, crushing, cleaning, and snowplowing.

[0052] The above-described various workpieces are not limited to the foundation 10 or the workpiece to be constructed thereon, and may be a workpiece to be constructed in another place. For example, in a case of constructing a plant, it is possible to allow the heavy object H used for any workpiece to travel on the travel route W in a planned plant site.

[0053] After the heavy object H is allowed to travel, the pedestal 12 is constructed on the footing 11. In a case where the travel route W is temporarily provided, the travel route W is removed from above the footing 11. The pedestal 12 in the illustrated example is a reinforced concrete construction including concrete 12a and the reinforcing bar 12b. The reinforcing bar 12b included in the pedestal 12 is joined to the footing 11.

[0054] After exposing at least an upper part of the footing 11, the mechanical joint 13 is used to connect the reinforcing bar 11b of the footing 11 to the reinforcing bar 12b of the pedestal 12. Concrete 12a is placed around the reinforcing bar 12b, and the pedestal 12 is constructed.

[0055] According to the first embodiment, in the construction of the foundation 10 provided with the footing 11 and the pedestal 12, the construction of the footing 11 precedes in a range in which the traveling of the heavy object H is not hindered, and the construction of the pedestal 12 is performed after the traveling of the heavy object H, so that temporal or spatial restriction can be reduced.

[0056] In a case where a plurality of foundations 10 is constructed for the same workpiece, the above-described construction method may be used for the foundation 10 in a range affecting the travel route W. For the foundation 10 in a range not affecting the travel route W, a method different from the above-described construction method, for example, a method of sequentially constructing the footing 11 and the pedestal 12 as usual may be used.

<Construction of Structure with Cavity>

[0057] As a second embodiment, FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate an example of a step of constructing a structure 20 with a cavity 23 inside. The structure 20 in the illustrated example may be a valve pit in which a valve (not illustrated) of piping laid through a tunnel 24 is accommodated.

[0058] In the tunnel 24, a cable, a wire or the like may be laid in addition to or instead of the piping. An appropriate device or the like can be installed in the cavity 23 depending on an object laid in the tunnel 24.

[0059] Prior to a step of constructing the structure 20, for example, level concrete L is formed at a bottom of a hole or a groove excavated from a ground G to a predetermined depth. A lower part 21 of the structure 20 is constructed in advance on the level concrete L. An entire lower part 21 is arranged below a ground surface.

[0060] The lower part 21 and the upper part 22 in the second embodiment correspond to a lower structure part and an upper structure part of the structure 20, respectively. In a case where the structure 20 in the illustrated example is constructed, the lower part 21 may be constructed to a height including the tunnel 24. As a result, construction of the lower part 21 and the tunnel 24 can be performed in parallel.

[0061] When the construction of the lower part 21 is completed, the travel route W is set on the lower part 21 before the upper part 22 of the structure 20 is constructed. Since the lower part 21 is constructed in such a manner that the cavity 23 opens upward, this includes an opening 25. In order to allow the heavy object H to travel on the cavity 23, a temporary lid 26 is installed in the cavity 23.

[0062] The temporary lid 26 itself may serve as the temporary travel route W, or the travel route W may be temporarily provided on the temporary lid 26. Various materials described in the first embodiment may be used for the temporary travel route W. In a case where a height of the temporary lid 26 is lower than a surface of the surrounding ground G, a height of the travel route W may be leveled by backfilling on the temporary lid 26 using a backfilling material such as earth and sand as described in the first embodiment.

[0063] It is preferable that the temporary lid 26 has excellent load resistance because the travel route W is set above the cavity 23 without filling the cavity. For example, the ground G may be backfilled after closing the opening 25 by using a slab of reinforced concrete. The heavy object H can travel on the travel route W. Examples of the heavy object H include the transportation device and the machines such as the heavy machines exemplified in the first embodiment.

[0064] After the heavy object H is allowed to travel, the temporary lid 26 is removed to construct the upper part 22 of the structure 20 on the lower part 21 of the structure 20. In a case where the travel route W is temporarily provided, the travel route W is removed from above the temporary lid 26.

[0065] In the illustrated example, the lower part 21 and the upper part 22 of the structure 20 are the reinforced concrete construction, but joining between the reinforcing bar (not illustrated) included in the lower part 21 and the reinforcing bar (not illustrated) included in the upper part 22 is not illustrated. This is because, in a case of the structure 20 such as the valve pit, it is not necessary to install a heavier structure on the upper part 22, and high joining strength is not required between the lower part 21 and the upper part 22.

[0066] Although not particularly illustrated, in the second embodiment, the reinforcing bar of the lower part 21 and the reinforcing bar of the upper part 22 of the structure 20 may be joined to each other using the mechanical joint 13. In that case, as described in the first embodiment, the lower part 21 may be constructed so as to include the reinforcing bar to be joined to the upper part 22 and the mechanical joint at the step of constructing the lower part 21, and the upper part 22 may be constructed so as to include the reinforcing bar to be joined to the lower part 21 at the step of constructing the upper part 22.

[0067] According to the second embodiment, in the construction of the structure 20 with the cavity 23 inside, the construction of the lower part 21 precedes in a range in which the traveling of the heavy object H is not hindered, so that temporal or spatial restriction can be reduced.

[0068] Although not particularly illustrated, in the second embodiment, the upper part 22 of the structure 20 may include a ceiling slab above the cavity 23, and an entire structure 20 may be arranged below the ground surface. The structure 20 including the cavity 23 may be a basement, a water tank or the like.

SUMMARY

[0069] The construction method of the above-described embodiment is not limited to the construction of the foundation 10 and the construction of the structure 20 with the cavity 23 therein, and can be applied to the construction of the various structures at least a part of which is arranged below the ground surface. A height of a boundary between the lower structure part and the upper structure part is flush with or lower than the ground surface, may be lower than the ground surface, or may be flush with the ground surface.

[0070] According to the construction method of the embodiment, by constructing the lower structure part before the heavy object is allowed to travel, it is possible to shorten a period of a civil engineering work accompanying the construction of the upper structure part performed after the heavy object is carried in. For this reason, it is possible to reduce a temporal influence of the civil engineering work with respect to various kinds of works of the piping and device performed after the heavy object is carried in.

[0071] According to the construction method of the embodiment, since a range of excavation performed when removing the temporary travel route is reduced, a range of the civil engineering work performed after the heavy object is carried in is also reduced, and the spatial influence of the civil engineering work can be reduced.

[0072] By reducing the temporal and spatial influence by the civil engineering work performed after the heavy object is carried in, it is possible to more quickly complete the construction work including various works of the piping and device.

[0073] In the construction method of the embodiment, in a case where a construction period of the structure is longer, the step of allowing the heavy object to travel within the period may be performed a plurality of times. For example, it is also possible to divide the construction of the structure sequentially into a first structure part, a second structure part, and a third structure part, perform a first traveling step between the construction of the first structure part and the construction of the second structure part, and further perform a second traveling step between the construction of the second structure part and the construction of the third structure part.

[0074] At the first traveling step described above, the first structure part corresponds to the lower structure part, the second structure part and the third structure part correspond to the upper structure part, and the heavy object is allowed to travel on the first structure part. After the first traveling step, the second structure part is constructed on the first structure part. In the second traveling step, the first structure part and the second structure part correspond to the lower structure part, the third structure part corresponds to the upper structure part, and the heavy object is allowed to travel on the second structure part. After the second traveling step, the third structure part is constructed on the second structure part.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0075] The construction method of the structure of the present invention is not particularly limited, but can be used for construction of various plants or the like. The plant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a natural gas plant, an oil refining plant, a chemical plant, a waste treatment plant, an agricultural plant, a medical plant or the like. The present invention is not limited to a production plant, a processing plant or the like, and may be a facility that performs services or the like, or may include a facility attached to the plant.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

[0076] G Ground [0077] H Heavy object [0078] L Level concrete [0079] W Travel route [0080] 10 Foundation [0081] 11 Footing [0082] 11a Concrete of footing [0083] 11b Reinforcing bar of footing [0084] 12 Pedestal [0085] 12a Concrete of pedestal [0086] 12b Reinforcing bar of pedestal [0087] 13 Mechanical joint [0088] 14 Protection [0089] 14a Cap [0090] 14b Cover [0091] 20 Structure [0092] 21 Lower part of structure [0093] 22 Upper part of structure [0094] 23 Cavity [0095] 24 Tunnel [0096] 25 Opening [0097] 26 Temporary lid