COAXIAL VALVE SYSTEM

Abstract

An interposed coaxial valve system designed for internal combustion engines. The system comprises a single main valve integrating two coaxial valves: an interior valve and an exterior valve. The interior valve may move independently from the exterior valve during engine operation. The system minimizes spatial occupancy for internal combustion engine valves. By interposing the interior valve within the exterior valve, the system achieves a compact and efficient design. The system may also comprise adjacent intake and exhaust ports to promote heat transfer between the two ports.

Claims

1. A coaxial valve system comprising an interior valve and an exterior valve wherein; the interior valve comprises an elongated shape having a central axis; the exterior valve comprises an elongated shape having a central axis; the central axis of the interior valve and the central axis of the exterior valve comprising a coaxial alignment wherein the interior valve interposes within the exterior valve; and the interior valve and the exterior valve have the capability to linearly move independently along the coaxial axes, wherein the interior valve comprises a plate that fits within a cutout in the exterior valve, wherein a shape of the plate and a shape of the cutout are such that movement of the interior valve is limited to a movement along the central axis of the interior valve and such that the interior valve cannot rotate within the exterior valve.

2. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the exterior valve comprises: an upper portion; and a lower portion; the upper portion is adjacent to the center portion; a center portion adjacent to the lower portion wherein the upper portion and the lower portion are opposite to each other by separation by the center portion.

3. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the interior valve also comprises: a bottom plate connected to an opposite end of a rod.

4. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the plate of the interior valve is configured to engage with the upper portion of the exterior valve; and the bottom plate of the interior valve is configured to engage with the lower portion of the exterior valve.

5. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an interior valve spring wherein said spring is circumferentially positioned around the rod of the interior valve.

6. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 5, further comprising an exterior valve spring wherein said spring is circumferentially positioned around a central portion of the exterior valve.

7. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 1, wherein an upper portion of the exterior valve comprises: an upper face; a cutout; and a lip; the upper face being the topmost upwardly facing surface of the exterior valve; and the lip proximate an uppermost portion of the upper portion of the exterior valve.

8. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the system is contained within a housing.

9. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the housing comprises an intake chamber and an exhaust chamber the intake chamber is a cavity within the housing; and the exhaust chamber is a cavity within the housing.

10. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the housing further comprises an intake port and an exhaust port wherein the intake port is an open passageway to the intake chamber and the exhaust port is an open passageway to the exhaust chamber.

11. The coaxial valve system of claim 1, wherein the interior valve comprises a rod, wherein the top plate is integrally connected to one end of the rod, and wherein the exterior valve comprises a through hole proximate the central axis through which the rod of the interior valve transverses a length of a central portion of the exterior valve.

12. The coaxial valve system of claim 1, wherein the cutout is in an upper portion of the exterior valve and the plate is a top plate.

13. A coaxial valve system comprising an interior valve and an exterior valve wherein; the interior valve comprises an elongated shape having a central axis; the exterior valve comprises an elongated shape having a central axis; the central axis of the interior valve and the central axis of the exterior valve comprising a coaxial alignment wherein the interior valve is interposing within the exterior valve; the interior valve and the exterior valve have the capability to linearly move independently along the coaxial axes; and the interior valve and the exterior valve being linearly actuated by a plurality of cams coupled to a camshaft, wherein the interior valve comprises a plate, wherein the exterior valve has a cutout, wherein the plate fits within the cutout, wherein a shape of the plate and a shape of the cutout are such that movement of the interior valve is limited to a movement along the central axis of the interior valve and such that the interior valve cannot rotate within the exterior valve.

14. The coaxial valve system of claim 13, wherein the cutout is in an upper portion of the exterior valve and the plate is a top plate.

15. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the exterior valve comprises: an upper portion; a lower portion; and a through hole; the upper portion is adjacent to the center portion; a center portion adjacent to the lower portion wherein the upper portion and the lower portion are opposite to each other, separated by the center portion; the center portion comprising a duct and a plurality of openings; the duct is a cavity located within the center portion of the exterior valve; the plurality of openings traverse through the exterior valve; and the through hole extending the length of the exterior valve proximate the central axis.

16. The coaxial valve system as claimed in claim 13, wherein said system is contained within a housing comprising: an intake chamber; an exhaust chamber; an intake port; and an exhaust port; the intake chamber being a cavity within the housing wherein the intake port is an open channel extending outwardly from the intake chamber; and the exhaust chamber being a cavity within the housing wherein the exhaust port is open channel extending outwardly from the exhaust chamber.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a coaxial valve system, in accordance with one embodiment.

[0065] FIG. 2 is a component view of the housing, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0066] FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the housing, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0067] FIG. 4 is a front elevated view thereof, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0068] FIG. 5 is a bottom perspective view thereof, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0069] FIG. 6 is a sectional view thereof, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0070] FIG. 7 is a component view of the interior valve, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0071] FIG. 8 is a component view of the exterior valve, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0072] FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the exterior valve, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0073] FIG. 10 is an alternative front view of one embodiment with the interior valve is in the open configuration, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0074] FIG. 11 is a front-bottom view of one embodiment with the interior valve in the open configuration, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0075] FIG. 12 is a front view with the interior valve in an open configuration, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0076] FIG. 13 is an alternative perspective view with the interior valve in the open configuration, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0077] FIG. 14 is a detailed view with the interior valve in the open configuration, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0078] FIG. 15 is bottom perspective view with the interior valve in the open configuration, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0079] FIG. 16 is a sectional view with the interior valve in the open configuration, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0080] FIG. 17 is a bottom perspective view with the exterior valve in an open configuration, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0081] FIG. 18 is a front-right perspective view with the exterior valve in the open configuration, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0082] FIG. 19 is a front elevated view with the exterior valve in the open configuration, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0083] FIG. 20 is a right perspective view of the coaxial valve system in accordance with one embodiment;

[0084] FIG. 21 is an alternative perspective view of an engine block incorporating a sectional view, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0085] FIG. 22 is a bottom perspective view of a coaxial valve system in accordance with an alternative embodiment;

[0086] FIG. 23 is a bottom perspective view of a coaxial valve system in accordance with an additional alternative embodiment;

[0087] FIG. 24 is a bottom perspective view of an additional alternative embodiment;

[0088] FIG. 25 is a bottom perspective view of an additional alternative embodiment;

[0089] FIG. 26 is a top elevated perspective view of an additional alternative embodiment;

[0090] FIG. 27 is a top elevated perspective view of an additional alternative embodiment;

[0091] FIG. 28 is a top elevated perspective view of an additional alternative embodiment;

[0092] FIG. 29 is a top elevated perspective view of an additional alternative embodiment;

[0093] FIG. 30 is a front view of an additional alternative embodiment with the interior valve in the open configuration; and

[0094] FIG. 31 is a bottom perspective view of an alternative embodiment having a tertiary valve.

DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0095] All illustrations of the drawings are for the purpose of describing selected versions of some embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0096] As a preliminary matter, it will readily be understood by one having ordinary skill in the relevant art that the present disclosure has broad utility and application. As should be understood, any embodiment may incorporate only one or a plurality of the above-disclosed aspects of the disclosure and may further incorporate only one or a plurality of the above-disclosed features. Furthermore, any embodiment discussed and identified as being preferred is considered to be part of a best mode contemplated for carrying out the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other embodiments also may be discussed for additional illustrative purposes in providing a full and enabling disclosure. Moreover, many embodiments, such as adaptations, variations, modifications, and equivalent arrangements, will be implicitly disclosed by the embodiments described herein and fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0097] Accordingly, while embodiments are described herein in detail in relation to one or more embodiments, it is to be understood that this disclosure is illustrative and exemplary of the present disclosure, and are made merely for the purposes of providing a full and enabling disclosure. The detailed disclosure herein of one or more embodiments is not intended, nor is to be construed, to limit the scope of patent protection afforded in any claim of a patent issuing here from, which scope is to be defined by the claims and the equivalents thereof. It is not intended that the scope of patent protection be defined by reading into any claim a limitation found herein that does not explicitly appear in the claim itself.

[0098] Additionally, it is important to note that each term used herein refers to that which an ordinary artisan would understand such term to mean based on the contextual use of such term herein. To the extent that the meaning of a term used hereinas understood by the ordinary artisan based on the contextual use of such termdiffers in any way from any particular dictionary definition of such term, it is intended that the meaning of the term as understood by the ordinary artisan should prevail.

[0099] Furthermore, it is important to note that, as used herein, a and an each generally denotes at least one, but does not exclude a plurality unless the contextual use dictates otherwise. When used herein to join a list of items, or denotes at least one of the items, but does not exclude a plurality of items of the list. Finally, when used herein to join a list of items, and denotes all of the items of the list.

[0100] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the following description to refer to the same or similar elements. While many embodiments of the disclosure may be described, modifications, adaptations, and other implementations are possible. For example, substitutions, additions, or modifications may be made to the elements illustrated in the drawings, and the methods described herein may be modified by substituting, reordering, or adding stages to the disclosed methods. Accordingly, the following detailed description does not limit the disclosure. Instead, the proper scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims. The present disclosure contains headers. It should be understood that these headers are used as references and are not to be construed as limiting upon the subjected matter disclosed under the header.

[0101] Other technical advantages may become readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art after review of the following figures and description. It should be understood at the outset that, although exemplary embodiments are illustrated in the figures and described below, the principles of the present disclosure may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or not. The present disclosure should in no way be limited to the exemplary implementations and techniques illustrated in the drawings and described below.

[0102] Unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are intended to be read together with the specification, and are to be considered a portion of the entire written description of this invention. As used in the following description, the terms horizontal, vertical, left, right, up, down and the like, as well as adjectival and adverbial derivatives thereof (e.g., horizontally, rightwardly, upwardly, radially, etc.), simply refer to the orientation of the illustrated structure as the particular drawing figure faces the reader. Similarly, the terms inwardly, outwardly and radially generally refer to the orientation of a surface relative to its axis of elongation, or axis of rotation, as appropriate.

[0103] In the case of some embodiments of the invention, the term coaxial is defined as two or more forms sharing a common axis. More specifically, in the case of some embodiments of the invention, some embodiments comprises two valves, both comprising a cylindrical shape, and thus the valves both have an imaginary straight line that runs through the center of the cross-sectional area of the valve, wherein said line is referred to and understood by those in the art, as an axis. In some embodiments of the invention, the term coaxial refers to the imaginary axes of the two valves having alignment and it is well understood by those in the art.

[0104] Further, as is the case in some embodiments of the invention, the term interposed is defined as two distinct objects, one of the objects existing within the other object. In some embodiments of the invention, there are two valves, one valve is interposed in the other valve.

[0105] Moreover, within the invention, reference has been made to intake and exhaust components. Within the application, these have remained consistent throughout as the intake components refer to the components that facilitate the entering of a fluid, whereas exhaust refers to the components that facilitate the existing of fluids. Although these have been described and referred to herein in a particular arrangement, it is understood to those in the art, and thus should not be limited to, in practice and by scope of the protection afforded by any granted rights, that the arrangement of intake and exhaust components are strictly arranged in the same manner. Rather, intake and exhaust, as used herein, are merely placeholders to identify differing components, and thus in practice the intake component of the application may be used within an exhaust process of an internal combustion engine, and vice versa.

[0106] The present disclosure includes many aspects and features. Moreover, while many aspects and features relate to, and are described in the context of a coaxial valve system 1000, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to use only in this context.

[0107] More specifically, some embodiments of the invention pertain to a coaxial valve system 1000 for the purpose of internal combustion engines and the like. It is known and understood within the prior art that an internal combustion engine is a power-generating mechanism that operates through the combustion of fuel inside its cylinders. There are two commonly used types: the four-stroke engine and the diesel engine. In a four-stroke engine, there are four unique strokes including an intake stroke, a compression stroke, a power stroke, and an exhaust stroke. First, during the intake stroke, a piston descends, creating a vacuum that opens an intake valve and allows a fuel-air mixture to enter a cylinder. Second, in the compression stroke, the piston ascends, compressing the fuel-air mixture while keeping both the intake valve and an exhaust valve closed. Third, at the top of the compression stroke, a spark plug ignites the highly compressed fuel-air mixture, leading to controlled combustion. This combustion causes rapid gas expansion, forcefully driving the piston downward and generating power in the power stroke. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, the piston ascends again while the exhaust valve opens, enabling the expulsion of the burned gases as the piston reaches the top, preparing for the subsequent intake stroke.

[0108] In the case of a diesel engine, the process shares similarities with the four-stroke engine but with distinct differences. During the intake stroke, only air is drawn into the cylinder, with fuel injection occurring at a later stage. The compression stroke follows, during which the highly compressed air heats up significantly. As the piston nears the top of the compression stroke, fuel is directly injected into the hot, compressed air. The fuel self-ignites due to the high compression heat, eliminating the need for a spark plug. This leads to combustion, propelling the piston downward and generating power in the power stroke. Subsequently, in the exhaust stroke, the burned gases are expelled from the cylinder as the piston ascends.

[0109] Some embodiments of the invention provide a coaxial valve system 1000 comprises a main valve 1 comprising a plurality of interposed valves. As shown in FIG. 1, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the main valve 1 of the coaxial valve system 1000 comprises an interior valve 12 and an exterior valve 13 which are coaxially interposed with the exterior valve 13 housing the interior valve 12. Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the exterior valve 13 is used as the exhaust valve whereas the interior valve 12 is used as the intake valve. The interior valve 12 may comprise a top plate 120, a rod 121, and a bottom plate 123 comprising a bevel 124. The rod 121 of the interior valve 12 may comprise a first end and a second end wherein said ends are opposite each other; the top plate 120 of the interior valve 12 located at one end of the rod 121 and the bottom plate 123 of the interior valve 12 being located at the opposite end of the rod 121. The bottom plate 123 of the interior valve 12 may comprise the bevel 124 wherein said bevel 124 is an angled surface.

[0110] The exterior valve 13 may comprise an upper portion 130, a center portion 135, a lower portion 140, and a through hole 134. The upper portion 130 of the exterior valve 13 may be adjacent to the center portion 135 of the exterior valve 13. The center portion 135 of the exterior valve 13 may be adjacent to the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13, wherein the lower portion 140 may be at an end of the center portion 135 opposite an end of the center portion 135 of the exterior valve 13 wherein the upper portion 130 is located. The upper portion 130 of the exterior valve 13 may comprise a cutout 132, an upper face 131, and a lip 133. The cutout 132 of the upper portion 130 may be a section of the upper portion 130 that has been removed to allow the movement of the interior valve 12, thus constraining the movement of the interior valve 12 to lateral movement which is perpendicular to the upper face 131 of the upper portion 130, unidirectional to the imaginary centered axis of the rod 121 of the interior valve 12. The upper face 131 of the upper portion 130 of the exterior valve 13 is the topmost surface of the exterior valve 13, comprising two coplanar sections, separated by the cutout 132. The lip 133 of the exterior valve 13 is a protruded edge proximate the top of the upper portion 130 of the exterior valve 13. The center portion 135 of the exterior valve 13 comprises a duct 136, a plurality of openings 139, and an interior valve guide rail comprising a plurality of bore holes 138. The interior guide rail is located within the duct 136. The plurality of bore holes 138 of the interior valve guide rail may comprise a plurality of conical shaped bore holes, a plurality of cylindrical shaped bore holes, and a plurality of other geometrically shaped bore holes. The plurality of bore holes 138 is to allow for fluid flow throughout the duct 136 of the center portion 135 of the exterior valve 13 to the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13. The lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 comprises a top face 141, an inner diameter bevel 145, an outer diameter bevel 142, a bottom face 143, and a recess cavity 201. In the preferred embodiment of some embodiments of the invention, the various portions of the exterior valve 13; the upper portion 130, the center portion 135, and the lower portion 140; are defined and distinguished by the difference in outer diameters of each portion.

[0111] One version of the coaxial valve system 1000 comprises an elongated interior valve 12 having a central axis, an elongated exterior valve 13 having a central axis, the central axis of the interior valve 12 and the central axis of the exterior valve 13 comprising a coaxial alignment and wherein the interior valve 12 interposes within the exterior valve 13. The interior valve 12 and the exterior valve 13 have the capability to linearly move independently along the coaxial axes. The interior valve 12 includes a plate 120, for example a top plate 120. A cutout 132 in an upper portion of the exterior valve 13 is configured to allow movement of the interior valve 12 but limit this movement along the central axis of the interior valve 12. The plate 120 of the interior valve 12 fits within the cutout 132 of the exterior valve 13. The plate 120 of interior valve 12 cannot rotate within the cutout 132 (of exterior valve 13). In one version, this is because the clearance between them is minimal and they are not both round. Thus the plate 120 and the cutout are shaped to prevent rotation of the interior valve 12. In some implementations, the plate 120 is at a middle or lower portion of the interior valve 12 and the cutout 132 is at a middle or lower portion of the exterior valve 13, wherein the plate 120 of the interior valve 12 fits within the cutout 132 of the exterior valve 13 and cannot rotate within the cutout 132, and therefore interior valve 12 cannot rotate.

[0112] Additionally, as shown in FIG. 1, the coaxial valve system 1000 further comprises a housing 2 in which the plurality of interposed valves is contained. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the housing 2, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, comprises an interior valve platform 20, a plurality of vertical supports 21, a central horizontal plate 22, an exterior valve guide rail 24, and a plurality of internal chambers. The vertical supports 21 are adjacent to both the interior valve platform 20 and the central horizontal plate 22. The interior valve platform 20 is elevated above the central horizontal plate 22, rigidly secured by the plurality of vertical supports 21. In one preferred embodiment of the invention the interior valve platform 20 comprises a through hole allowing for the rod 121 of the interior valve 12 to pass through the interior valve platform 20. In one embodiment, the exterior of the housing 2 may further comprise fins. In the embodiment comprising fins, heat may transfer differently than in alternative embodiments.

[0113] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the coaxial valve system 1000 further comprises a camshaft 3, a plurality of cams 10, an interior valve spring 11, and an exterior valve spring 150. The plurality of cams 10, in the preferred embodiment, are coupled to the camshaft 3 of the system wherein said plurality of cams 10 comprises a first cam 100, a second cam 101, and a third cam 102. The first cam 100 is adjacent to the second cam 101, the second cam 101 is adjacent to the third cam 102. The interior valve spring 11 is interposed between the bottommost surface of the top plate 120 of the interior valve 12 and the topmost surface of the interior valve platform 20 of the housing 2. The exterior valve spring 150 is interposed between the upper portion 130 of the exterior valve 13 and the central horizontal plate 22 of the housing 2. The plurality of internal chambers, separated by the exterior valve guide rail 24, comprises an intake chamber 23, an exhaust chamber 25, an intake port 231, and an exhaust port 250. The intake port 231 intersects the intake chamber 23. The exhaust port 250 intersects the exhaust chamber 25. The intake port 231 and the exhaust port 250 provide a passage for a fluid, a gas, or a combination of fluid and gas, to pass through the system. In the preferred embodiment, the intake port 231 is diametrically opposed to the exhaust port 250 proximate the diameter of the housing 2. The intake port 231 and the exhaust port 250 are merely naming conventions and may be used interchangeably.

[0114] As shown in FIG. 5, the housing 2 further comprises a bottom plate 251. In the preferred embodiment, the bottom plate 251 of the housing 2 may exist as the cylinder head of the engine or machine in which the valves are being used in. Furthermore, as shown in by the bottom plate 123 of the interior valve 12 and the bottom face 143 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 as seen FIG. 6, the interior valve 12 and the exterior valve 13 are coaxially aligned.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 6, the bottom plate 251 of the housing 2 comprises a recess and a beveled edge 253. The beveled edge 253 of the housing 2 creates an angled surface around the perimeter of the recess of the housing 2. In the preferred embodiment, the coaxial valve system 1000 will comprise three configurations including an intake configuration, an exhaust configuration, and a closed configuration. When the coaxial valve system 1000 is in the closed configuration, the bevel 124 of the bottom plate 123 of the interior valve 12 engages with the inner diameter bevel 145 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13, thus sealing the recess cavity 201. Additionally, while in the closed position, the outer diameter bevel 142 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 engages with the beveled edge 253 of the housing 2, thus sealing the recess 252 of the housing 2. When coaxial valve system, in accordance with some embodiments, is in the intake configuration, the outer diameter bevel 142 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 engages with the beveled edge 253 of the housing 2, while the interior valve 12 is lowered thus exposing the recess cavity 201 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13. While the coaxial valve system is in the exhaust configuration, the bevel 124 of the bottom plate 123 of the interior valve 12 engages with the inner diameter bevel 145 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13, thus sealing the recess cavity 201 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 while both the interior valve 12 and exterior valve 13 are lowered the same distance simultaneously, thus exposing the recess 252 of the housing 2 and the beveled edge 253 of the housing 2.

[0116] In alternate embodiments, the coaxial valve system 1000 may comprise an at least one seal ring 232. The at least one seal ring 232 is concentric around the outer diameter of the exterior valve 13 as shown in FIG. 6. The at least one seal ring 232 is intended to prevent the leakage of the fluid, the gas, or the combination of fluid and gas at points where components interact.

[0117] As shown in FIG. 7, the interior valve 12 comprises the top plate 120, the rod 121, and the bottom plate 123 comprising the bevel 124. The top plate 120 is adjacent to the rod 121. The rod 121 is adjacent to the bottom plate 123. The bottom plate 123 comprises the bevel 124 of the bottom plate 123 of the interior valve 12.

[0118] As shown in FIG. 8, the exterior valve 13 comprises the upper portion 130, the center portion 135, and the lower portion 140. The upper portion 130 comprises the lip 133 and the cutout 132. The through hole 134 of the exterior valve 13 descends though the upper portion 130 of the exterior valve 13 through the top half of the center portion 135 of the exterior valve 13. The upper portion 130 is adjacent to the center portion 135. In the preferred embodiment, the upper portion 130 has a greater outer diameter than the outer diameter of the center portion 135 of the exterior valve 13. The center portion 135 is adjacent to the lower portion 140. The lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 comprises the top face 141 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13, the outer diameter bevel 142 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13, the bottom face 143 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13, the recess cavity 201, and the inner diameter bevel 145 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13. In the preferred embodiment, the diameter along the edge of the top face 141 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 is greater than the diameter of the center portion 135 of the exterior valve 13. In the preferred embodiment, the diameter along the edge of the bottom face 143 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 is greater than the diameter along the edge of the top face 141 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13. The top face 141 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 is adjacent to the outer diameter bevel 142. The outer diameter bevel 142 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 is adjacent to the bottom face 143 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13.

[0119] As shown in FIG. 9, the through hole 134 of the exterior valve 13 extends through the cutout 132 of the upper portion 130 and the center portion 135 of the exterior valve 13 including through the center of the internal valve guide rail 137. When assembled, the valve of the internal valve is capable of moving linearly within the through hole 134 of the exterior valve 13. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, the internal valve guide rail 137 comprises a plurality of bore holes 138.

[0120] As shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 11, FIG. 12, and FIG. 13, the interior valve 12 in certain embodiments is capable of moving exclusive on the exterior valve 13, especially when the internal valve is in an open configuration. The interior valve 12 and the exterior valve 13 are able to move linearly within the exterior valve 13 and the housing 2, respectively. In one preferred embodiment, when the second cam 101 applies a downward force to the interior valve 12, the interior valve spring 11 compresses and the bottom plate 123 of the interior valve 12 is forced downward such that the bottommost face of the bottom plate 123 of the interior valve 12 extends past the bottom face 143 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13, thus exposing a passageway into the duct 136 of the exterior valve 13.

[0121] As shown in FIG. 14, the plurality of interposed valves are driven up and down, linearly, by the plurality of cams 10. In the preferred embodiment, the plurality of cams 10 comprises cam shapes that are oblong or non-concentrically rotated disks. Additionally, in the preferred embodiment, the plurality of cams 10 rotate as they are connected to a single camshaft 3. As the camshaft 3 rotates, the cams will drive the plurality of interposed valves upwards and downwards in a linear path. In additional embodiments, the valves may be driven by way of an electric motor or electronic solenoid actuator.

[0122] As shown in FIG. 15, FIG. 16, and FIG. 17, when in the intake configuration, the outer diameter bevel 142 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 engages with the beveled edge 253 of the housing 2, while the interior valve 12 is lowered thus exposing the recess cavity 201 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13. In the preferred embodiment, the fluid, the gas, or the combination of fluid and gas, will travel through the intake port 231 into the intake chamber 23, through the plurality of openings 139 in the center portion 135 of the exterior valve 13, down through the bore holes in the internal valve guide rail 137, and then exit through the recess cavity 201 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 when the interior valve 12 lowers into the intake configuration. The names for the intake port 231 and the exhaust port 250 are merely naming conventions and may be used interchangeably.

[0123] As shown in FIG. 18, FIG. 19, and FIG. 20, when the coaxial valve system, in accordance with some embodiments is in the exhaust configuration, the bevel 124 of the bottom plate 123 of the interior valve 12 engages with the inner diameter bevel 145 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13, thus sealing the recess cavity 201 of the lower portion 140 of the exterior valve 13 while both the interior valve 12 and exterior valve 13 are lowered the same distance simultaneously, thus exposing the recess 252 of the housing 2 and the beveled edge 253 of the housing 2. In the preferred embodiment, after the fluid, the gas, or the combination of fluid and gas has been spent, the exterior valve 13 and the exterior valve 13 will lower, thus putting the coaxial valve system in the exhaust configuration. Once the coaxial valve system is in the exhaust configuration, the fluid, the gas, or the combination of fluid and gas that has been spent will enter into the exhaust chamber 25 through the recess 252 of the housing 2, then exit the system through the exhaust port 250. The intake port 231 and the exhaust port 250 are merely naming conventions and may be used interchangeably.

[0124] In an additional embodiment of the preferred invention, the system can be used in a four-stroke internal combustion engine, as shown in FIG. 21. In the preferred embodiment, the plurality of valves within the engine housing 2 may each be at a unique phase of the internal combustion engine four-stroke process.

[0125] As shown in FIGS. 22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29, and 30, additional embodiments of the coaxial valve system may comprise different dimensions and configurations of the various components. As shown in FIG. 30, one embodiment comprises an intake port 231 and an exhaust port 250 that are diametrically aligned. In the case of some embodiments of the invention, diametrically aligned, unlike diametrically opposed, is defined as the alignment of two objects along a singular point of a diameter. Moreover, in some embodiments of the invention, diametrically aligned refers to two objects sharing a common, vertically configured plane wherein said plane further intersects a diameter of a circle, wherein the case of certain embodiments, said circle is the cross-sectional area of the valves and adjacent housing 2. This alternate embodiment is advantageous because it allows for a reduction of occupied volume in the system as the intake port 231 and the exhaust port 250 are on the same side. The aforementioned configuration thus allows for heat transfer to occur between the intake port 231 and the exhaust port 250.

[0126] Some embodiments of the coaxial valve system, as shown in FIG. 31, may comprise a tertiary valve 5 wherein said tertiary valve 5 is interposed between the exhaust valve 13 and the housing 2. In the embodiment 3000 wherein the invention comprises a tertiary valve 5, said tertiary valve 5 comprises an upper portion 50, a center portion 53, and a lower portion 53. In the aforementioned embodiment 3000, the upper portion 50 of the tertiary valve 5 is adjacent to the center portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5 and the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5 is adjacent to the center portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5 wherein the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5 and the upper portion 50 of the tertiary valve 5 are opposite of each other by separation of the center portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5.

[0127] In the embodiments wherein the tertiary valve 5 is present, the upper portion 50 of the tertiary valve 5 comprises an upper face 501, a cutout 502, and a lip 503. The upper face 501 of the tertiary valve 5 is the topmost upwardly facing surface of the tertiary valve 5. The cutout 502 is a removed portion of the upper portion 50 of the tertiary valve 5 wherein the exterior valve 13 and the interior valve 12 may be housed.

[0128] The tertiary valve 5 may further comprise a through hole 51 wherein the exterior valve 13 may translate laterally throughout, as is the case of interior valve 12 within the exterior valve 13. The tertiary valve 5 comprises a duct 521 wherein said duct 521 is a void wherein a fluid may move throughout.

[0129] The lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5 comprises a top face 531 of the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5, an outer diameter bevel 532 of the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5, a bottom face 533 of the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5, a recess cavity 534, and an inner diameter bevel 535 of the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5. In the preferred embodiment 3000 wherein the invention comprises the tertiary valve 5, the diameter along the edge of the top face 531 of the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5 is greater than the diameter of the center portion 52 of the tertiary valve 5. In the preferred embodiment 3000 wherein the tertiary valve 5 is present, the diameter along the edge of the bottom face 533 of the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5 is greater than the diameter along the edge of the top face 531 of the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5. The top face 531 of the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5 is adjacent to the outer diameter bevel 532. The outer diameter bevel 532 of the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5 is adjacent to the bottom face 533 of the lower portion 53 of the tertiary valve 5.

[0130] In the preferred embodiment 3000 wherein the invention comprises the tertiary valve 5, the inner diameter bevel 535 of the tertiary valve 5 engages the outer diameter bevel 142 of the exterior valve 13 when in a configuration wherein the exterior valve 13 is seated within the tertiary valve 5. Further, it need be noted that in terms of some embodiments of the invention, the number of valves that are interposed coaxially shall not be limited to three and in some embodiments, more valves may be used.

[0131] Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment, the movement of cams, and thus the lateral movement of the internal valve and the exterior valve 13 may be actuated by a means for producing translative movement of the valves 4. In the preferred embodiment, the means of producing translative movement of the valves 4 includes an actuator, a motor, a gear system, and the like.

[0132] Some embodiments of the invention may be manufactured in various ways including CNC machining, casting, 3D printing, and other methods of manufacturing known to those in the art. Additionally, some embodiments of the invention may be manufactured out of a material such as high-density plastics, acetal resins, metals, metal alloys, and materials of the like known to those in the art.

[0133] Although the invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that many other possible modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.