Abstract
This is a new construction system for a one-or two-story house, through the use of a new generation of highly productive concrete blocks, which work off each other to simplify the construction process; reducing construction time by more than 50% compared to the traditional system, saving more than 50% of mortar used in setting the blocks. The pillar blocks, foundation beams and rafters completely eliminate the use of a wooden formwork or metal formwork. These are multifunctional blocks, which complement each other, to generate high productivity, construction speed and resistance. They contain lateral protrusions that can be placed through simple hand pressure, helped by steel clips, on which the sheetrock panels are installed, thus avoiding the use of Steel Frames. The savings gained from not using the Steel frame is a very new invention and is a great reduction in the cost and time of constructing houses.
Claims
1. We request exclusivity rights in favor of us, the inventors, on the invention called the Lomarblock System, for a period of 20 years, this protection must cover our rights to the design, shape and functions of the Lomarblock System, for the entire territory of the United States of America. Included in this invention is new, none of the concrete blocks that we are presenting exist in the world.
2. We claim in our favor the exclusivity rights over the parts of the LOMAR BLOCK SYSTEM, and the form and functions fulfilled by the concrete blocks described in the DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES, which are: the block 1 described in FIG. 2, the block 2 described in FIG. 3, the block 3 described in FIG. 4, the block 4 described in FIG. 5, the block 5 described in FIG. 6, the block 6 described in FIG. 7, the block 7 described in FIG. 8, the block 8 described in FIG. 9, the block 8A described in FIG. 9A, the Union Fort 9 described in FIG. 11, the Clip Snap 10 and connector 10A described in FIG. 12, the Aligner 11 described in FIG. 13, the Block 12 described in FIG. 14, the block 12A described in FIG. 14A, the Block 13 described in FIG. 15, the Block 13A described in FIG. 15A, the Block 8B described in FIG. 17, the Block 8C described in FIG. 17A, the Block 15 described in FIG. 18, the Blocks 16 and 17 described in FIG. 22, the Block 18 described in FIG. 23, the Block 19 described in FIG. 24, the Stel Plate 28 described in FIG. 26, the Stel Plate 29 described in FIG. 27, the Stel Plate 30 described in FIG. 28, the Stel Plate 31 described in FIG. 29, the Stel Plate 32 described in FIG. 30.
3. We claim in our favor the exclusive rights over the productivity function that is achieved when the foundation blocks work together, which are the same ones with which the upper beams are built; all the foundation blocks and the beam blocks are related to the pillar blocks and the wall blocks, joining together through the UNION FORT 9, and form a set of resistant walls and pillars, where the gaps are left, to be able to pour the concrete of the pillars and beams inside; in short, THE WALL BLOCKS HAVE BECOME THE FORMWORK OF THE PILLARS, THE FORMWORK OF THE FOUNDATION BEAMS, AND THE FORMWORK OF THE SLABS, which is a unique invention in the world, which achieves in this way a high-quality, structurally resistant, anti-seismic monolithic unit, with the result that the time and cost of construction of the houses are considerably reduced, compared to the traditional system.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] FIG. 1: MODIFIED DESIGN of the plan, of the H-50 model house, with an' area of 49.80 m2, including a master bedroom, a second bedroom, living room, dining room, kitchen, and bathroom, showing the distribution of all the Lomarblocks.
[0008] FIG. 1A: Model house H-33, with 33 m2, is a smaller house of one-bedroom one bathroom. including a master bedroom, living room, dining room and kitchen, Showing the distribution of all the Lomarblocks.
[0009] FIG. 2: Plan of block 1 used as lost formwork to construct the perimeter foundation beams and overhead beams, showing the prefabricated metal structure 1A, that is used as steel reinforcement in the concrete of the overhead beams and in the foundation beams.
[0010] FIG. 3: 2D and 3D view of block 2, WHICH IS half of block 1, with the same characteristics.
[0011] FIG. 4: Block 3 used as lost formwork for the interior foundation beams and overhead beams.
[0012] FIG. 5: Elevated version of block 4 which is a half block 3 with similar characteristics.
[0013] FIG. 6: Block 5 in plan and elevation, used as formwork for corners when constructing foundation beams and overhead beams.
[0014] FIG. 7: Block 6 in plan and elevation, used as formwork for the central perimeter of foundation beams and overhead beams.
[0015] FIG. 8: Block 7 in plan and elevation, half of block 6, used to join the overhead beams on the inside before casting the slab.
[0016] FIG. 9: Pillar block 8 used as formwork for the house pillars.
[0017] FIG. 9A: Pillar block 8A used as formwork for the house pillars in countries where the use of sheetrock is not mandatory. The difference is that this new block does not contain slot 8.
[0018] FIG. 10: Union of foundation beam blocks 1 and 3 with corner block 5 and central block 6.
[0019] FIG. 11: Union Fort system 9 that provides a strong monolithic union between the blocks.
[0020] FIG. 12: Clip Snap 10 made of galvanized steel sheets to insert with hand pressure into the slots 8 of the Lomarblock, and connectors 10A, 10B and 10C, whose functions will be explained later
[0021] FIG. 13: Tubular aluminum profile 11 used as an aligner for the wall blocks.
[0022] FIG. 14: Wall block 12 with diagonal grooves 7 and slots 8 to insert Clip Snaps.
[0023] FIG. 14A: Wall block 12A used to build walls in countries where the use of sheetrock is not mandatory. The difference is that this new block does not contain slot 8
[0024] FIG. 15: Wall block 13, it is a half block 12 with similar characteristics.
[0025] FIG. 15A: Pillar block 13A used as formwork for the house pillars in countries where the use of sheetrock is not mandatory. The difference is that this new block does not contain slot 8
[0026] FIG. 16: Detail of a wall corner, showing the union between blocks 12, 13, and 8 through the Union Fort system 9, and clips snap 10.
[0027] FIG. 17: Block 8B used to build pillars with a very open part to insert horizontally into the prefabricated steel structure 1A.
[0028] FIG. 17A: Block 8C used to construct pillars with a very open part to insert the block horizontally and easily into the prefabricated steel structure 1A. in countries where the use of sheetrock is not mandatory. The difference is that this new block does not contain slot 8
[0029] FIG. 18: Block 15 used to build lintels above windows and doors.
[0030] FIG. 19: Detail of the construction process of a lintel above a door 80 cm wide by 2 m high.
[0031] FIG. 20: Other detail of the construction process explained in the description of the drawings.
[0032] FIG. 21: Economical wall block 16 used to build interior walls.
[0033] FIG. 22: Block 17, it's a half of block 16, with similar characteristics.
[0034] FIG. 23: Block 18 designed to be used as a pillar at the terminals of interior walls.
[0035] FIG. 24: Block 19 used to place pipes and electrical boxes 15 inside the interior walls.
[0036] FIG. 25: Detail of the union between blocks 13, 8, and 12 forming exterior walls and blocks 16, 17 and 19 forming interior walls joined with union Fort 9. and Clips Snap 10
[0037] FIG. 26: Steel plate 28 used as the lower support of the concrete slab, with a standard width of 1.02 m. used for exact fractional measurements.
[0038] FIG. 27: Complementary plate 29 with a standard width of 82 cm, used for exact fractional measurements.
[0039] FIG. 28: Complementary plate 30 with a standard width of 62 cm, used for exact fractional measurements.
[0040] FIG. 29: Complementary plate 31 with a standard width of 42 cm, used for exact fractional measurements.
[0041] FIG. 30: Complementary plate 32 with a standard width of 22 cm, used for exact fractional measurements.
[0042] FIG. 31: Cross-section view of a 3.20-meter-wide slab constructed with plates 28 and 32.
[0043] FIG. 32: Front section of the distribution of concrete blocks 1 forming the formwork of overhead beams, and steel plates 28 and 30 forming the formwork of the concrete slab.
[0044] FIG. 32A: New block that we have invented to improve the foundation of the house and achieve greater construction speed.
[0045] FIG. 33: Front section of the distribution of concrete blocks forming the formwork of foundation beams, overhead beams, pillars, and wall blocks.
[0046] FIG. 34: Distribution of foundation blocks.
[0047] FIG. 35: Distribution of pillars and wall blocks in the first row.
[0048] FIG. 36: Distribution of the blocks in the superior beams.
[0049] FIG. 37: Distribution of the steel plates forming the provisional formwork to construct the slab.
[0050] FIG. 38: Front view of a 3-meter-wide wall constructed with blocks 1, 8A, 13, and 12 using Clip Snaps 10 to support the sheetrock 14A. using screws.
[0051] FIG. 39: Front view of a 3-meter-wide wall constructed with traditional system using steel frame 39 to support the sheetrock, where it is shown that the use of metal profiles from the traditional system consumes much more steel than the use of snap clips from LOMARBLOCK SYSTEM.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0052] It is important to note that each of the blocks of this system are designed to scale because the measurements of each section of the blocks are very important for the coupling between them, and to achieve the correct functioning of the system. In the figures where the assembly between them is observed, the figure is enlarged in 3D for better visualization.
[0053] FIG. 1, and FIG. 1A we have presented in the previous patent application we are removing, and now we are presenting de new FIG. 1, were we see the plan on floor of an H-50 model house, with an area of 49.80 m2, which we will use as the prototype that we will analyze in detail throughout the construction process of the LOMARBLOCK SYSTEM. This house model is unique in the world because unlike other similar models, in such a small area the following advantages have been achieved: A) A master bedroom with the capacity to have a big bed with two nightstands and a closet. B) A secondary bedroom with capacity for one bed with two nightstands, a desk and one closet. C) A complete bathroom with a large shower and a counter for the sink, where a lower and an upper shelf fit, to store all the bathroom supplies. This bathroom has been precisely sized to give total comfort to the user in such a small environment. D) An electric washing machine is located near the bathroom, in front of a linen closet. E) A kitchen sized perfectly to give the user total comfort in their cooking activities. The appliances have been located to reduce movements during cooking tasks to a minimum, with large work counters and a counter for daily breakfast. It is the perfect budget kitchen. F) The house is designed to accommodate 3 or 4 people; however, the dining room has capacity for 6 people; the residents and two guests. G) The circulation is in a straight line in all directions. H) The lighting and ventilation are ample and sufficient with aluminum and glass windows that make it pleasant to live in this economical and very functional house. I) The construction materials and concrete blocks are of high quality to achieve durability of more than 100 years. J) The house is anti-seismic with the capacity to resist earthquakes of higher magnitude, according to the design and structural calculation that will be made by specialized engineers according to the area where they will be built. In FIG. 1A, we can see the model of a 33 m2 one-bedroom house, which has similar characteristics to the house in FIG. 1, the only difference being the smaller size and that it has only one bedroom. It is ideal for single or newly married people, who can purchase a cheaper house and expand it in the future as the family grows. In FIG. 2 we see the plan of block 1, which is used as lost formwork to build the perimeter foundation beams and the perimeter overhead beams. This block fulfills both functions. It eliminates the use of a wooden formwork or metal formwork that is used to build the beams in the traditional system. It contains a higher lateral part 1 and a shorter lateral part 2, It also contains a lower tenon 3 that serves to precisely insert this block into the wall block that serves as support when it functions as an overhead beam. It also contains a groove 4 that serves to reinforce the union of the blocks 1 with mortar. Prefabricated electro-welded steel beams 1A will be placed inside these blocks. This block has 2 blind holes 5 whose function is to indicate the precise place where the steel rod of the pillar has to be placed, so that it is placed precisely, and the mason does not have to waste any time making measurements. In FIG. 3 we see we see in 2D and 3D, block 2 is half of block 1 with the same characteristics. In FIG. 4 you can see block 3, which is used for lost formwork for the interior foundation beams and also for the interior overhead beams. It is formed with two minor sides 2 and one inferior tenon 3. The prefabricated electro welded steel beams will be installed inside these blocks 3. In FIG. 5 we see an elevated version of block 4 which is a half of block 3, whose characteristics are similar. In FIG. 6 the block 5 is seen in plane and elevation, which is used as formwork for the corners when the foundation beams and overhead beams are built. It has 2 lateral tenons 6 so that they fit precisely into the beam blocks 1, which makes the construction process very fast, eliminating the use of wood in this union. In FIG. 7, block 6 is seen in plane and in elevation which is used as formwork for the central perimeter of the foundation beams and the overhead beams. It has 2 tenons 6 that fit precisely into the beam blocks 1, to avoid the use of wood in this union. In FIG. 8, block 7 is seen in plant and elevation, which is half of block 6 and serves to join the overhead beams on the inside prior to casting the slab. Its characteristics are similar to those of block 6. In FIG. 9 you can see the pillar block 8 which serves as formwork for the pillars of the house. This block has an opening 9 that serves to place the block horizontally around the steel rod 1B, unlike the traditional system where closed blocks are used and in the construction process, each block has to be lifted to place it from top to bottom with the result of requiring a lot of time and fatigue from the bricklayer, and higher costs due to longer work time. You can also see the slots 8, that serve to insert the Snap Clips which are seen later. You can also see the slot 10 that serves to insert into it the spike 11, which goes on the three sides of the block 8. With this assembly system, a precise union is achieved, which plumbs and levels the blocks. You only need to perfectly plumb and level the first row of blocks and the remaining ones will plumb and level automatically, just by placing them on top of each other. The mortar will be placed vertically, not horizontally, as we will see later. This ensures that the plumbing and leveling of the wall does not depend on the skill of the worker by placing the mortar of equal thickness and leveling the blocks one by one. This novelty of the Lomarblock system is unique in the world, saves a lot of time and money in the construction of houses. In FIG. 9A we can see the block 8A, which is used as formwork for the house pillar in countries where the use of sheetrock is not mandatory. It has the same characteristics of the block 8 but do not contain the slots 8.
[0054] In FIG. 10, We can see the union of the foundation beam blocks 1 and 3 with the corner block 5 and the central block 6. The placement of the steel rods 1B for the pillars is also seen. The novelty that we present is that the blocks used for the foundation are the same as those used for the aerial beams, they are blocks that are placed quickly, which reduces construction time and costs. In FIG. 11 we can see in plane and elevation another great novelty of the Lomarblock System, called Union Fort 9, which consists of a method of joining the blocks together through the use of mortar that acquires the shape 9 seen in the figure. It has the shape of a cross with two straight sides 12 and two diagonal sides 13 that are T-shaped. This shape serves so that when the mortar solidifies, the union between the blocks become highly resistant monolithic units, which prevent the blocks from coming loose. The Union Fort is more resistant because it works through compression and elongation unlike the mortar used in the traditional system that works by adhesion. The Union Fort reduces the consumption of mortar because it is placed on the vertical face of the blocks and on the horizontal face the mortar will have a thickness of less than one millimeter, because cement will be used mixed with a waterproofing adhesive liquid. This mortar can be applied quickly using a brush. In this way, the use of mortar is reduced by 50% and the construction time of the walls and houses in general is reduced, because the pillar blocks follow the same system. In FIG. 12 we can see the Clip Snap 10, which is manufactured from galvanized steel sheets. They fit into the 8 slots of the Lomarblock System blocks with hand pressure and slight effort. This system avoids the use of screws, is easy, quick to use and is a very rigid support for the Sheetrock. Additionally, we can see the connector 10A, which has two fins 11A, two holes 11B for placing screws, and two holes 11C for allowing the electrical Conduit tubes to pass through. Its length is 5 cm. We can also see the profile 10B, which is similar to the connector 10A, with the difference that its length is the one needed to place it in the space between the sheetrock and the walls on the sides of the doors and windows. We can also see the profile 10C, whose function is to serve as a support element for the sheetrock panels that will be placed to build the false ceiling; its length will be the one needed to go from wall to wall. At the top of FIG. 12, the connectors 10A screwed into the profile 10C can be seen, which contain the perforations 11C through which the electrical Conduit pipes E will be placed. This novel invention, which reduces the cost of the metal structure required to build the ceilings of houses by 50%, is clearly seen later in FIG. 33. In FIG. 13 we can see a tubular aluminum profile, which works as an aligner for the wall blocks. When building the first row of blocks it is very important that they are perfectly level and plumb, so that the other blocks of the walls, which are on top of each other, are automatically plumbed and leveled, perfectly and quickly. The aligner profile fulfills this important function. Help the Bricklayer to execute his task quickly and perfectly. We will see how it works later. In FIG. 14 we can see in 2D and 3D, the wall block 12 which contain the diagonal grooves 7, the groove 10 and the groove 8 which is one of the new features we present, where the Clip Snaps 10 are inserted, whose purpose is to avoid the use of Steel frame metal profiles that are used in the traditional system as support for SHEETROCK. The grooves 8 are an integral part of each block, they are strategically placed so that when the walls are created, they can be easily placed through simple hand pressure. The Clip Snap will be perfectly aligned to facilitate the placement of the Sheetrock, through the use of screws that are fixed into the Clip Snap without the need for a plastic plug. The elimination of the Steel Freme provides great savings of time and money, reducing the cost of the houses. In addition, there are spaces between the Clip Snaps to place heat, cold and noise insulating sheets. In other figure later we will see how Snap Clips work. In FIG. 14A we can see the Wall block 12A used to build walls in countries where the use of sheetrock is not mandatory. The difference is that this new block does not contain slot 8 FIG. 15 we can see in 2D and 3D, the wall block 13 which is the half of bock 12 whit the same characteristics, contain the diagonal grooves 7, the groove 10 and the groove 8 where the Clip Snaps 10 are inserted. In FIG. 15A we can see the wall block 13A it is the half of block 12A, it is used to build walls in countries where the use of sheetrock is not mandatory, the difference is that this new block does not contain slot 8. In FIG. 16 we can see a section of the corner of a wall it is seen from above with details on the union between blocks 12, 13, and 8 through the Union Fort 9. We can see that the grooves 8 have been precisely designed so that the Sheetrock 14A can be placed using common screws over the Clip Snaps 10 that have already been inserted, leaving the exact space so that the electrical box 15A can be previously placed and the pipe 16 can extend along the wall without any obstacles. This figure shows the method by which the use of STEEL FRAME is completely eliminated, achieving great reductions in cost and construction time. You can see the function of block 8, which acts as a pillar when profile 10B have been installed, that act as a support for the installation of the sheetrock through the use of screws in the place where the windows and doors go. In FIG. 17 we can see from above and from below the block 8B that is used to build pillars. It is similar to the previous blocks with the difference that it has a very open part OP, so that this block can be inserted into the prefabricated metal structure 1A horizontally, without having to do it from top to bottom, as is done in the traditional system. It contains two spikes 12, which serve to ensure that the thin wall blocks that we will see later are supported and not inserted into the block 8B. In this way, the measurements of the walls in a horizontal direction are precise, to achieve the exact distance to be able to place the doors and windows. This block has the unique novelty in the world of fulfilling two functions: one as an open pillar to be placed horizontally on the prefabricated steel structure of pillar 1A, and the second function is to serve as a complementary block for the manufacture of lintels. through slots 13 that has block 15. In FIG. 17A we can see the block 8C used to build pillars and walls in countries where the use of sheetrock is not mandatory. The difference is that this new block does not contain slot 8. In FIG. 18 we can see the block 15 which is used to build the lintels that go above the windows and doors. It has a large slot 10 in the upper part and two small slots 13 in the lower part, so that the block is inserted into two square steel rods, which will serve as support for the blocks that go on top of the window, with the aim of avoid the construction of a wooden formwork or the placement of a prefabricated lintel, which is more expensive than the one manufactured with this method that we are presenting. You can also see the way in which the wall block 12 fits perfectly by means of the tenon 11 into the lintel block 15. This block has another important feature as it allows a lintel to be built along the windowsill, to join the pillars together, to reinforce the structure of the house.
[0055] In FIGS. 19.y 20 we see a detail of the construction process of a lintel that goes above an 80 cm door wide, by 2 meters high. The process is as follows: wall block 12 is placed up to a height of 2.20 meters. The pillar blocks, 8A have been placed at the same time up to a height of 2 meters. On top of these blocks 8A, two 12 mm thick square steel rods 1D are placed. Next, the three lintel blocks 15 are placed, which have the slots 13, which fit perfectly on the 12-millimeter square steel rods 1D, and align and hold them firmly, to be able to place, on top of the square steel rods, the lintel blocks 15. Then, epoxy resin is placed at the junction of the rods with the blocks, to achieve rapid drying, allowing the 1D steel rod of the lintel to be placed, and finally, to be able to melt the concrete inside the pillar blocks 8A, and inside the lintel blocks 15. Where the 1C prefabricated metal structure has previously been placed. This lintel construction system is unique in the world, fast, effective, and economical. In FIG. 21 we can see the economical wall block 16, which has a width of 12 cm. It is used to build the interior walls. It has similar characteristics to the previous blocks that we have analyzed, with the same functions. It fits perfectly with all of them. It has the large slot 10, it has the diagonal grooves 7, and the tenon 11. These details are best seen in perspective. In FIG. 22 you can see block 17, which is half of block 16 with the same characteristics. In FIG. 23 we can se the block 18 which has the diagonal grooves 7, the slot 10, and the opening 9. It is designed to be used as a pillar at the terminals of the interior walls. In FIG. 24 shows block 19 that is used to place the electrical pipes and boxes inside when the interior walls are built. Like all the blocks in the system, it has diagonal grooves 7, slot 10, and also has large opening OP. This block is placed in all the places where outlets and switches go. The pipes can go vertically, or horizontally by placing the tubes in the space left between the diagonal grooves 7. We can also see to the right of the FIG. 24. the block 19 with the electrical box 15A inside. To perfectly align the electrical box with the groove between the diagonal grooves 7, place a piece of 12 mm thick polystyrene sheet 20 between the block and the electrical box 15A. This procedure is simple, easy, and fast, which avoids placing Steel frame on the internal walls in order to place the pipes and electrical boxes in the way that is done in the traditional system. With this new method, construction time and housing costs are significantly reduced. In FIG. 25 shows a detail of the union between blocks 13, 8 and 12 that form the exterior walls, with blocks 16 and 17 that form the interior walls, using the Union Fort 9. It is important to note that the blocks 19 are not placed along the entire height of the wall but only in the place where the outlets and switches go, so as to not weaken the wall. This figure shows the perfect function of the Union Fort 9, producing efficiency, speed, economical and monolithic resistance in the construction of the house walls. FIG. 26 shows the steel plate 28 that is used as the lower support of the concrete slab that will be the roof of the house. It is a corrugated plate with the shape seen in the figure. The standard width is 101.7 mm, to ensure that when the plates are assembled together, the width of 8 plates reaches 7,999 millimeters, equal to 1 millimeter less than the desired width of 8 meters, which is perfect for the system. The standard height of each plate will be 5.5 cm. Its minimum thickness will be 0.65 mm. so that it supports the weight of the concrete that will be cast on it during the construction process, without the necessity of using struts in the middle. It has on its left side a fold 13, and on its right side another fold 14, but with a different shape which can be seen in the detail that appears in the underside view of the plate. This shape is very important because for example, in the event that a width of 3 meters is required for the slab, the three support plates 28 that will be used will achieve exactly the required 3 meters and the bend 14 will rest exactly on the metallic support where the plate will rest. A steel angle will be used as a support for the plate, when the concrete slab has hardened, the steel angle can be removed, and the metal plates can also be removed to reuse them in other constructions. The reuse of metal plates through rental greatly reduces the cost of the slabs. The fold 14 serves to facilitate the extraction of the metal plates using pliers to pull the plates downwards; These plates that have the fold 14 are the main plates. FIG. 27 shows plate 29 which has a standard width of 82 cm. This type of plate is called a complementary plate, it differs from the main plate in that it does not have the fold 14; It only has two folds 13. It is used to be placed at the end of the required width; For example, if a slab with a width of 2.80 m is required. 2 main plates and one complementary 29 plate will be used. If a slab width of 3.80 m is required, 3 main plates 28 and one complementary 29 plate will be used, and so on. It is used to achieve exact complementary fractional measurements of a meter. FIG. 28 shows the complementary plate 30 which has a standard width of 62 cm. It is a complementary plate with similar characteristics to plate 29. It is used to achieve exact complementary fractional measurements of a meter. For example, if we want to build a slab 2.60 meters wide, two plates 28 and one plate 30 will be used. FIG. 29 shows the complementary plate 31 which has a width of 42 cm. It is used to achieve exact complementary fractional measurements of a meter. For example, if we want to build a slab 3.40 meters wide, we will use 3 plates 28 and one plate 31. FIG. 30 shows the complementary plate 32, which has a width of 22 cm. It is used to achieve exact complementary fractional measurements of a meter. For example, if we want to build a slab 3.20 meters wide, we will use 3 plates 28 and one plate 32. In FIG. 31 we see 3 separate plates 28 and one plate 32, which together add up to 3.20 meters of support width for the slab to be built. In FIG. 32, a 2.60-meter-wide slab is seen in a cross section that has been built with 2 plates 28 and one plate 30. You can see the steel angle support 33 that has been provisionally installed on the blocks 1, so that it supports the weight of the concrete slab when it is cast, and is removed after the slab hardens, with which the metal plates can be removed and reused in other constructions. In FIG. 32A shows a new block 21 It is a new block that is used as a base for the electro-welded steel structure 1A or as a base for the steel rods that reinforce the walls in the gaps of the doors or windows. The great advantage is that the structures or rods can be placed in the precise position, without the workers having to make measurements. Another great advantage is that the electro-welded steel structures 1A of the pillars can be placed at the necessary height, unlike the traditional system, in which sections of the rods are placed at a height of 1 meter and then when a section of the wall has been raised and part of the pillar has been cast with concrete, the rest of the rod is joined with steel wire to complete the required height. This is done in the United States. With our invention, in order to place the entire electro-welded steel structures, block 21 must be joined with blocks 1 and 3 by placing mortar with a hardening and quick-drying additive in the slots 13 of block 21, which coincide with the slots of blocks 1 and 3. In this way, a new invention called Fort 2 union is formed, designated with the code 9A. When this mortar has set and hardened, the electro-welded structures are placed in the holes 14 and the union is reinforced with quick-drying epoxy resin inside of holes 14. Next, the electro-welded metal structures 1B that go into the foundations inside blocks 1 and 3 will be placed and joined with reinforcing steel rods to the electro-welded pillars 1A. In this way, the steel pillars 1A are made more rigid by joining them to the steel beams 1B, using wire or spot welding. These joined blocks become a stabilizing base that prevents the electro-welded structures from collapsing, thereby achieving construction speed since the construction process does not require stops to join sections of the steel structure or sections of the steel rods. This process is a unique innovation in the world that generates productivity in the construction process, saving time and money. In FIG. 33 shows a frontal section of the distribution of concrete blocks with which the formwork of the foundation beams, the formwork of the overhead beams, the formwork of the pillars, the formwork of the concrete slab, and the distribution of the wall blocks for the prototype house. All blocks are numbered and seen in 3D. On soft terrain, before starting construction, the soil must be perfectly filled and compacted to 95% of the modified proctor. To make the foundation, a trench measuring: 20 cm is dug. wide by 12 cm deep, along the entire perimeter and along the entire length where the interior walls go. Excavations are made for the placement of sanitary and drinking water pipes. A bed is cast with mortar on which the lateral blocks 1 the interior blocks 3 and the block 21, will be placed. To avoid displacement of the blocks in a lateral direction, the lateral parts of the blocks will be compacted with the earth that came out of the excavation, to that they are perfectly aligned and plumb. Next, the prefabricated steel structures 1A are placed. To prevent water leaks from the outside, a plastic sheet is placed on the ground that was left inside the house, the electro welded steel beams 1A are placed and the mesh is placed. of steel from the floor and the concrete is cast with which a monolithic unit will be formed between the foundation beams and the concrete floor. This union between the foundation beams and the concrete floor forms a steel-reinforced concrete platform that will settle on the ground uniformly, to avoid differential settlements that crack the walls, as occurs in some constructions of the traditional system. This monolithic union between the foundation beams with the concrete floor, the pillars, wall blocks and concrete slab, is a novelty that we present and that brings the benefit of cost reduction, construction speed and structural resistance. In the upper part of FIG. 33 it is seen that the blocks that form the formwork of the slab are the same as those used for the foundations with the advantage that the tenons of the beam blocks 1 fit perfectly with the slots of the wall blocks 12 on which they rest. The same happens with the central blocks of beams 3, which fit perfectly with the blocks of the interior walls 19 and 16. This multifunctionality of the blocks and their close relationship with each other makes them innovative, unique in the world to achieve the greatest efficiency, precision, construction speed, reduction in assembly time, cost reduction, excellent structural condition, and long life of the houses. In the upper part of FIG. 33 on the left side, you can see how the metal beam 10C works, which is used as a support for the electrical pipes E and for the sheetrock plates 14A that will form the ceiling. The process is as follows: First: the beam 10C is fixed to the concrete blocks by means of steel brackets 33 using steel screws that do not require the use of anchors. Second: the electrical metal box 15A is fixed to the bottom of the beam 10C by using screws. Third: Two 10A connectors are placed on the electrical pipes E, then the electrical pipe E is introduced into the metal box 15A and into the connector E1, then the 10A connectors are fixed to the beam 10C by means of screws; after the electrical cables have been placed, the sheetrock plates are placed, fixing them with screws to the 10A connectors. The multifunctionality of the 10A connectors, which function as a support for the electrical conduits E and as a support for the sheetrock boards 14A, and their small size, generate construction speed, productivity and cost reduction. This is another innovation offered by the Lomarblock System. FIG. 34 shows the distribution of the foundation blocks, with images in 3D of the numbered blocks. You can see how easy and quick it is to place the blocks one after the other following their numbering that appears on the foundation plan of each house. This system is easier and faster than the traditional system that uses wood, which must be cut, prepared, installed, leveled and shored, whose cost of materials and labor is higher than the cost of the Lomarblock System. Our system offers advantages in productivity, construction speed, cost reduction, quality and durability of the houses. FIG. 35 shows the distribution of the wall blocks and the pillars blocks that form the first row, installed on the concrete floor, with the images in 3D of the numbered blocks. In the traditional system, to build the pillars, each block must be raised to a height greater than the height of the steel rods, whose height is generally 2.60 meters, and then they must be lowered to place them one by one. Then you have to level them and plumb them one by one. In our system, the blocks are placed horizontally through the slot in block 8 and block 14A which avoids wasting time in lifting and lowering the blocks and reduces the time and effort of the workers. The blocks are placed on top of a bed of mortar to fix them to the floor. To plumb and level them quickly, leveler 11 is used, which achieves great speed and perfection in this task. Once the first row of blocks has been built perfectly, the remaining blocks that go on top to finish the walls, which are the majority, are placed in equal rows, which are automatically aligned and plumbed, thus achieving perfect walls. in the shortest time and at the lowest possible cost. Before beginning to place the blocks for the slab, concrete must be poured into all the pillars of the house. Once the concrete has set and hardened, construction of the slab can begin the following day. FIG. 36 Shows the distribution of the blocks that make up the formwork for the upper beams, installed on the blocks of the perimeter walls, and of the interior walls, with images of the numbered blocks. For the construction of the slab, blocks identical to those used in the foundation must be used, with the addition of new blocks whose distribution is shown in the plan. Which are: corner block 5, lateral block 1, minor lateral block 2, intermediate block 6, minor intermediate block 7, central block 3 and the minor central block 4, all blocks have the lower spike that fits perfectly into the slot that all the wall blocks have, on which they rest and are joined by THE UNION FORT 9 made with mortar, and to reinforce the joint between the steel metal beams and the steel pillars, steel rods will be placed in both directions, which will be joined with steel wire or with welding points in the pillars and steel beams, to result in a monolithic, resistant joint, to be able to continue with the work of placing the metal plates that will support the work, during the concreting process. This entire process of placing the beam blocks and the electro-welded steel structures will be done after 12 hours after the concrete has been melted in the pillars. FIG. 37 shows the steel plates 28 that serve as a mold for the concrete slab, which are the provisional support to support the casting of the concrete of the slab. There are 15 steel plates 28 placed, plus a plate 29. The distribution of the electro-welded steel structures that will be placed inside the blocks of the upper beams was already seen in FIG. 36. In FIG. 38 you can see a wall that is between two pillars that have been built with pillar blocks 8A. This wall measures 3 m3 m. equal to 9 m2, it has been built with wall blocks 1, 12 and 13. The clip snaps are placed every 40 cm. In the front view of the wall, you can see the Clip Snap 10 inserted, the quantity of which is 49 units. The Sheetrock 14A is fixed on the clip snap, trough screws. In FIG. 39 we can see a 3-meter-wide wall built with the traditional system where you see that it is necessary to place 8 steel profiles vertically and 2.5 profiles horizontally; a total of 11 metal profiles are needed. The price in the USA of each installed profile is $12 dollars, which gives us a total of $132 dollars for a wall of nine meters squared, which means a cost of $14.66 dollars for each square meter. Each clip snap is priced at $0.5. The 49 clips required cost $24.50 dollars, therefore, the savings achieved with the Lomarblock System are $107.50 dollars, which means a reduction in costs of $11.94 dollars for each meter squared of wall built with the Lomarblock System. The prototype house that we are analyzing has 74 meters squared of wall, therefore the savings achieved are: $883.56 dollars for each house. To these savings we must add the reduction in costs due to labor productivity, due to a decrease in mortar consumption used on the blocks, lower costs in excavation and removal of materials for the foundation, the decrease in materials and labor to make the wooden formwork for the foundation beams, the overhead beams, and the boards for the construction of the slabs. The savings achieved in the cost of slab formwork by renting metal plates 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 are very significant. In summary, the savings for each house exceed $1,500.00 dollars, which means that it is above a 10% reduction in the cost of materials required for each basic 50 m2 house.
[0056] To carry out the construction process, the following activities are required: (See FIG. 33) FIRST DAY: Activity one: Make sure the land 36 is level and compacted. Activity Two: Trace the layout lines of the house. Activity Three: Excavate and place small sections of the drainage and drinking water pipes. Activity Four: Make an excavation to create a channel 20 cm wide by 12 cm deep along the entire length where the blocks 1 that form the foundation beams go. Activity Five: Place a 2 cm thick bed of mortar at the bottom of the channel along its entire length. Activity Six: place blocks 1 on mortar around the perimeter of the house. Activity Seven: place the blocks 3 that go inside the house on top of the mortar. Activity Eight: Place the electro welded steel beams 2 inside blocks 1 and 3. Activity Nine: Place a piece of plastic on the land 36 that is inside the house. Activity Ten: Place the electro-welded steel pillars between the electro-welded steel beams, inserting them into holes 14 in block 21; join the pillars to the beams using steel rods in both directions, securing them with steel wire or with welding points; plumb the pillars, then place the epoxy resin in holes 14 in block 21, where the pillars have already been placed. After lace the electro welded mesh 34 which connects with the electro welded steel beams 2. Activity Eleven: Place the steel rods of the pillars over the holes located in the foundation blocks 1 and 3, in the place that corresponds to where the pillars of the house will go. Fix the steel rods inside the holes in the blocks using epoxy resin and align and plumb the steel rods and melt the concrete inside the exterior and interior foundation beams, so that the steel rods are perfectly stabilized. This method avoids what is being done with the traditional system, which consists of first placing 1-meter-long rods and then completing the height of the rods, placing new rods that are tied with wire. Activity Twelve: Pour concrete into the entire floor 35. SECOND DAY: Activity Thirteen: place a bed of 2 cm thick mortar under the place where the concrete blocks of the first row will be placed, to fix them, plumb them and align them, using aligner 11. Activity Fourteen: place the first row of the pillar blocks 8C and the wall blocks 12, 13, 16, and 17 perfectly level and aligned. Activity Fifteen: Be careful to place the electrical blocks 19 in the places where the switches and outlets of the electrical installation and the drinking water outlets for the sink, shower, toilet, kitchen sink, refrigerator, electric stove, and washing machine. This is indicated on the respective plans. Activity Sixteen: Finish Building the walls, taking care to have left the electrical pipes placed, inside the interior blocks on the interior walls. THIRD DAY: Activity Seventeen: When the walls have hardened, the concrete must be cast in all the pillars, allowing 12 hours for the pillars to harden, after which, beam blocks 1 and 3 can be placed, and the prefabricated steel beams 2 placed inside blocks 1 and 3, joining them with the remainder of the electro-welded steel structures of the pillars using steel rods that are tied with wire or with welding points, in order to be able to cast half of the concrete inside blocks 1 and 3. Activity Eighteen. FOURTH DAY: Activity Nineteen: Using screws, place the steel angles 33 on the beam blocks 1 and 3 that serve as support for the slab metal plates 28. Activity Twenty: place the metal plates 28 on the steel angles 33, sealing with putty the parts of the plates that touch the blocks, to prevent the concrete from sticking to them and not being able to remove them after the slab finishes setting. Activity twenty-one: Place the steel meshes 34 on the steel plates 28. Activity twenty-two: Cast the concrete over the rest of the beams and the entire slab. 35. FIFTH DAY: Activity twenty-three: placing the Brackets box, the electrical and drinking water pipes, passing the cables, and placing the electrical parts, the light fixtures, and drinking water parts. Activity twenty-four: construction of the kitchen counter and sink. Activity twenty-five: Begin placing Sheetrock on the walls. SIXTH DAY: Activity twenty-six: finish placing the sheetrock and placing the heat-insulating plates. Activity twenty-seven: Placing doors and windows. SEVENTH DAY: cleaning the premises and removing debris. UP TO HERE IS THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BASIC HOUSE. We have reviewed more than 100 existing concrete block construction systems in the world, and none are the same as our Lomarblock System nor do they have the advantages and productivity that we have described above. Therefore, this invention is something new that deserves the patent that we apply for below.
[0057] Patent protection in the U.S.A. is vital to avoid intellectual property theft, and then we can make a strategic alliance with some of the large Chinese companies so that they manufacture our products for domestic consumption in China and export to the world market. They have distribution channels all over the world. Its construction materials production technology is the cheapest in the world. They have the financing and the world market. A well-structured strategic alliance with Chinese producers would quickly open the doors to the world market. We provide the technology, and they provide the production, marketing, distribution, sales, and financing. To have an idea of what it means to structure the business of exporting high-quality affordable houses with our products to the world market, with the participation of Chinese businessmen, it is necessary to keep in mind the following: according to the UN, more than 1.8 billion people lack adequate housing, of which 1 billion live in informal settlements. By 2030, the organization estimates that approximately 3 billion people will need adequate and affordable housing. This means that the global housing market by 2030 will be 750 million units.
[0058] Chinese companies associated with us will be able to produce 10 million units annually or more. Exporting houses of 50 m2 like the prototype that appears in the patent, the price of each house manufactured in China will be less than $10,000 dollars, of which the expected profits for the strategic alliance would be $2,000 per unit. If we go with the Chinese at 50% our profits could be $1,000 dollars for each house exported. This means that when the goal of exporting 10 million units annually is achieved, our profits would be: 10,000 million dollars annually. Since we, as inventors, are citizens of the United States of America, that capital will come to the United States of America as profits generated abroad for us. Of this wealth that will be generated in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America, 90% of our profits will be used to combat the extreme poverty that exists in the United States, where more than 37 million people do not have a home, and many of them live in tents on the streets of many cities such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York, and other cities. This patent has humanitarian objectives under the idea of GENERATING WEALTH AND SHARING IT WITH THE POOR.
