Trailer Vehicle and Trailer Control System

Abstract

A method of controlling brake pressures in a trailer vehicle braking system which has a trailer brake module for controlling a braking force on a wheel or wheels on the trailer. The trailer brake module receives data inputs from sensors on the trailer and a control pressure from a towing vehicle in a control line. The braking system has a second ECU configured to receive sensor inputs from sensors on the trailer to communicate with the trailer brake module and with the towing vehicle. If the second ECU determines that the control pressure should be increased or decreased, the second ECU sends a request to the towing vehicle to increase or decrease the control pressure, respectively.

Claims

1.-7. (canceled)

8. A method of controlling brake pressures in a trailer vehicle braking system, which braking system comprises a trailer brake module for controlling a braking force on a wheel or wheels on the trailer, which trailer brake module is adapted to receive data inputs from sensors on the trailer and a control pressure from a towing vehicle in a control line, and wherein the braking system comprises a second ECU, which second ECU is configured to receive sensor inputs from sensors on the trailer and is configured to communicate with the trailer brake module and to communicate with the towing vehicle, the method comprising: determining, by the second ECU, whether the control pressure should be increased or decreased; and sending, by the second ECU, a request to the towing vehicle to increase or decrease the control pressure, respectively.

9. The method of controlling brake pressures according to claim 8, wherein the second ECU is provided with a communication channel to the towing vehicle, said communication channel being independent of communication channels from the trailer brake module to the towing vehicle.

10. The method of controlling brake pressures according to claim 9, wherein the second ECU is provided with an electrical power supply, said electrical power supply being independent of a power supply for the trailer brake module.

11. The method of controlling brake pressures according to claim 8, wherein the control line is provided with a pressure control valve controllable by the second ECU, said pressure control valve being adapted to reduce the control pressure towards the trailer brake module.

12. The method of controlling brake pressures according to claim 8, wherein the brake system is provided with first and second valves, each of said first and second valves being associated with a braking channel to a respective wheel of the trailer, wherein each valve is pneumatically controlled by the trailer brake module and electrically controlled by the second ECU and is adapted to decrease the pressure supplied to the wheel.

13. The method of controlling brake pressures according to claim 12, wherein the first and second valves are relay valves.

14. A method of controlling brake pressures according to claim 13, wherein a pressure transducer is provided to measure the pressure output of the relay valve to the wheels to provide an electrical signal to the second ECU.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] FIG. 1 shows a trailer electronic braking system;

[0019] FIG. 2 shows schematically the electrical connection in an embodiment of the invention;

[0020] FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram outlines a simplified brake activation sequence in accordance with the invention;

[0021] FIG. 4 shows an arrangement of a first embodiment of the brake system of the invention;

[0022] FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of FIG. 4; and

[0023] FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment with relay valves.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] FIG. 1 shows a known trailer electronic braking system in which the utility vehicle trailer has a steerable front axle with front wheels 1, 2 and a rear axle with rear wheels 3, 4. Rotational wheel speed sensors 5-8 are in each case assigned to the front wheels 1, 2 and the rear wheels 3, 4, and are connected by way of electric lines 9-12 with an electropneumatic brake pressure control module 13 (trailer brake module or EBS module) which is primarily assigned to the rear axle brakes. One brake 14-17 is in each case assigned to the front wheels 1, 2 and the rear wheels 3, 4, which brake 14-17 can be applied by means of brake cylinders 18, 19 of the front axle or spring-loaded brake cylinders 20, 21 of the rear axle.

[0025] The braking system of the trailer vehicle can be connected by way of three connections, specifically a pneumatic supply line connection 22, a pneumatic control line connection 23 and an electric control connection 24, with the braking system of a tractor or a further trailer. The electric control line 24 provides the ISO 11992 CAN data connection.

[0026] The supply line connection 22 is connected by way of a return valve 25 and a parking valve 26 with an air brake reservoir 27. From the air brake reservoir 27, a pneumatic line 28, 30 leads to a supply input of the pressure control module 13 and ABS valve 32. In addition, a pneumatic line 29 branches off the parking valve 26 to the pressure control module 13. A pneumatic line 30 extends between the parking valve 26 and the air brake reservoir 27.

[0027] The ABS valve 32 is assigned jointly to both brake cylinders 18, 19 of the front axle and is connected with the brake cylinder 18 by way of a pneumatic line 33 and with the brake cylinder 19 by way of a pneumatic line 34. The ABS valve 32 has two electric control inputs which are connected by way of one electric line 35 shown here only schematically with the pressure control module 13.

[0028] Furthermore, the ABS valve 32 has a pneumatic control input 36 which is connected by way of a return valve 37 with the pneumatic control connection 23. The pneumatic control input 36 is also connected by way of a pneumatic control line 38 with a pneumatic control input of the pressure control module 13. The pressure control module 13 has an integrated pressure sensor (not shown) which measures the pressure in the pneumatic control line 38, that is, the control pressure present at the pneumatic control input 36 of the ABS valve, which control pressure is identical to the maximal pressure which can be controlled into the brake cylinders 18, 19.

[0029] The pressure control module 13 has pneumatic outputs 39-42 which are connected by way of assigned pneumatic lines with the spring brake cylinders 20 or 21.

[0030] Furthermore, pneumatic axle load sensors or air bellows 43, 44 are provided at the rear axle and permit a determination of the axle load, particularly of the dynamic axle load during braking and starting. The axle load sensors or air bellows 43, 44 are connected by way of pneumatic lines with the pressure control module 13. Correspondingly the pressure in airbags 45, 46 provided at the front axle, which here are electrically controlled, may be detected by the transducer 47. However, the axle load sensors 45, 46 are not absolutely necessary.

[0031] To provide stability control, a lateral acceleration sensor 50 is provided, which may also be integrated with a yaw sensor, and the output of the lateral acceleration sensor is fed to the pressure control module/ECU 13. Typically the lateral acceleration sensor 50 is integrated into the pressure control module/ECU 13. In the event that lateral acceleration on the trailer is detected, the pressure control module can provide for increased brake force at the front and/or rear axles. When the lateral acceleration sensor 50 detects lateral acceleration on the trailer in which it is installed, the sensor generates a signal setting the stability control to active.

[0032] With respect to the embodiment described to FIG. 1, the ABS valve 32 may be replaced with an electro-pneumatic valve where the electric control line 35 consists of a commutation means preferably CAN and an electric power source.

[0033] The pressure control module 13 receives data from the wheel speed sensors on the trailer and also receives a signal indicating whether the brake pedal in the vehicle cab is depressed or not, as well as the brake pressure demand. In addition to the ISO 7638 electrical connection shown, trailers can also have an ISO 1185 electrical connection for supplying power to indicator lights and the trailer stop lights.

[0034] In a further embodiment of the braking system, the system is provided with the ISO 7638 and, optionally, ISO 1185 (or alternatively ISO12098) connections being connected to an electronic control module. The electronic control module can be located at the trailer headboard and receives the brake and running gear control signals from the Truck-Trailer CAN bus. The trailer electronic module is further connected to a first trailer brake CAN bus, to which the trailer brake module (equivalent to EBS module 13) is connected. The trailer brake module is further connected to wheel speed sensors and Auxiliary I/O.

[0035] The electronic control module is further connected to a second trailer brake CAN bus, to which the Trailer Electronic Pressure Module is connected (equivalent to single channel brake module 32). The Trailer Electronic Pressure Module 306 receives inputs from the wheel sensors and Auxiliary I/O inputs.

[0036] FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of a braking system in a trailer 400. The front end of the trailer, denoted by kingpin 401, is provided with a separate ISO 12098 connector 402 and ISO 7638 connector 403. The ISO 7638 connector 403 is provided with an electronic control unit 404. The electronic control unit 404 is connected by way of an electrical and CAN bus connection 405 to the trailer EBS 406 and by way of electrical connection 407 to a splitter 408, which is also connected to the ISO12098 connector 402 and which provides the connection to the trailer lighting system. The trailer lighting system, which is symmetrically arranged on the trailer, comprises rear light clusters 409, which clusters include the brake, reversing and night lights, top 410 and bottom 411 rear marker lights, four side marker lights 412 and a front marker light 413.

[0037] FIG. 3 shows a sequence diagram outlining a simplified brake activation sequence for three cases.

[0038] The first case corresponds to normal operation, where the towed, trailer vehicle receives an electrical signal describing the requested brake pressure from the towing vehicle. Using the load state, the towed vehicle corrects the requested brake pressure up or down so as to minimize coupling force and improve combination stability. The towed vehicle brake control system then executes the brake pressure. In parallel the towing vehicle sends a pneumatic control signal representing the brake force. If the electric brake signal is received and executed, the towed vehicle brake systems ignores this pneumatic signal.

[0039] The second case corresponds to a pneumatic backup: In this case the electric communication line between towed and towing vehicle is interrupted. The towed vehicle executes the brake activation based on the pneumatic input signal.

[0040] FIG. 4 shows schematically the connections in the third case, in accordance with the invention, in which the towed vehicle requests the brake pressure via the ISO 11992 CAN bus connection or equivalent. In this case the towed vehicle requests a control pressure that can be either higher or lower than the control pressure that the towing vehicle is currently supplying. The towing vehicle then executes this request via the tractor brake control and supplies the amended control pressure. The pressure applied on the towed vehicle is modulated by the towing vehicle. From this point the control algorithm follows the second case.

[0041] There can also be an intermediate step between cases 1 and 2 where the towed vehicle brake system has power supply (e.g. via brake light) but no communication. In this case the pneumatic control signal can be corrected dependent on load state before it is executed as brake activation.

[0042] In its simplest form the invention can be implemented with a brake system such as that shown in FIG. 1. In this case however only some faults (e.g. one or more of the pressure control valves are faulty) can be covered as the communication functionality of the trailer brake system and thereby also its power supply is necessary for other faults.

[0043] Preferably, a second ECU is provided in the towed vehicle/trailer, which second ECU can communicate with the towing vehicle. Ideally it should have second communication channel and have a second power supply as this maximizes the number of faults that can be addressed.

[0044] The setup illustrated in FIG. 4 is an embodiment that does not focus on addressing a maximum number of potential faults but is a compromise. All faults internal to the trailer brake control module can be addressed by this setup, whereas errors pertaining to the towing vehicle or the interface (e.g. electrical supply fault in the towing vehicle or faulty connector) are not addressed.

[0045] FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the brake system, in which the control pressure p4 can be increased via a request from the trailer brake control module to the towing vehicle and is decreased by means of a pressure control valve (PCV). The PCV is a combination of two 2/2 valves with which the control pressure can be modulated between ambient pressure and the input pressure. In the system of FIG. 5 a pressure control valve is placed in the control line between the towing vehicle and the trailer/towed vehicle, which PCV can be electrically actuated via an electrical connection to the second ECU, which is also as with the embodiment of FIG. 4 connected to the trailer brake module. The addition of a PCV enables the towed vehicle to reduce the pressure, e.g. for ABS control, without involving the towing vehicle. In this way a pressure reduction can be realized more quickly, which enhances ABS performance, for example. The second ECU in use will typically request a constant high pressure from the towing vehicle and the PCV reduces the input pressure to the trailer brake module, which is in a passive mode.

[0046] FIG. 6 shows a further alternative embodiment in which pressure is requested from the towing vehicle. In this embodiment the brake system is provided with two relay valves, which are shown here as ABS relay valves. The control pressure p4 can be increased by means of a request to the towing vehicle and the brake supply pressures p21/p22can be decreased with the Relay Valves. Each Relay Valve is similar in functionality to the PCV in that it can decrease and hold pressure. Each valve is pneumatically connected to the main supply and received a pneumatic control signal from the trailer brake control module. The valves are electrically controlled by the second ECU. The output of the relay valve supplies a brake pressure into the wheel. In addition to a pressure control valve it integrates a relay portion so that larger air masses can be modulated. This allows the towed vehicle to control pressure on more than one channel (e.g. left/right side) independent of each other. As the control is now placed on the output of the trailer brake control module, greater air masses need to be controlled which means a relay part is used instead of simply a pressure control valve.

[0047] In the embodiments of FIG. 6, it would be possible to use a simple valve in place of a relay valve for a single axle trailer. It would further be possible to combine the valves on the output side of the trailer brake module shown into a single mechatronic module, which could feature integrated pressure control. Based on electronic control signals it can precisely control its output pressure and process wheel speed sensor signals. The single channel electropneumatic module has a pneumatic connection to the main supply pressure line and can control the pressure in the control line to the trailer brake control module. The module is electrically controlled by the second ECU.

[0048] At this time, the standards in force are ISO 1185:2003 ISO 7638-1/2:2018, ISO 11992:2021 and ISO12098: 2020 and SAE 560:2020.