Head Support Pillow
20250331663 ยท 2025-10-30
Inventors
Cpc classification
A47G9/1045
HUMAN NECESSITIES
International classification
Abstract
A support pillow includes a first and a second cylindrical portion connected by a compressible bridge or connection portion. The bridge connecting the midpoints of the opposing sides of the cylindrical portions. When a user's head rests on the bridge, the bridge deforms downward, causing the upper inward-facing surfaces of the cylindrical portions to draw inward and cradle the head. In some embodiments, the bridge is suspended above the support surface (e.g., bed or floor), leaving a gap that allows the user's head to settle downward into the space. The suspended configuration enhances the cradling effect while maintaining elevation and support for the neck and head. Each cylindrical portion may also include integrated pockets for insertable components like speakers, vibration units, or cooling elements, promoting therapeutic benefits or added comfort.
Claims
1. A head support pillow comprising: a first cylindrical portion; a second cylindrical portion, the first and second cylindrical portions positioned at opposing ends of the pillow; a bridge portion connecting a lateral midpoint of the first cylindrical portion to a lateral midpoint of the second cylindrical portion; wherein the bridge portion is configured with a top surface that is wider than a bottom surface, and is suspended above a support surface such that, when the head of a user is positioned on the bridge, a vertical gap is formed between the bottom surface of the bridge and the support surface upon which the cylindrical portions rest; and wherein the bridge is compressible under the weight of the user's head, allowing the head to descend partially into the gap while simultaneously causing an upper inward facing region of each cylindrical portion to be drawn inward toward the sides of the user's head and a lower outward-facing region of each cylindrical portion to displace outward, thereby providing a cradling and stabilizing support to the user's head and neck.
2. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein at least one of the cylindrical portions includes an integrated pocket configured to receive an insertable component.
3. The head support pillow of claim 2, wherein the insertable component comprises a speaker.
4. The head support pillow of claim 2, wherein the insertable component comprises a therapeutic device selected from the group consisting of: a vibration module, a cooling element, a heating element, or a pressure stimulation device.
5. The head support pillow of claim 1, further comprising a zipper integrated along a seam of the bridge or cylindrical portions to allow access to the interior for adjustment or maintenance.
6. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein the bridge portion comprises a softer interior filling relative to at least a portion of the cylindrical portions.
7. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion includes a softer portion and a firmer portion.
8. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein the first and second cylindrical portions are identical or substantially similar in shape, size, and material composition.
9. The support pillow of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first cylindrical portion, the second cylindrical portion, or the connection comprises an air cool gel.
10. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein the connection portion is constructed of a material that is softer than the cylindrical portions, but firmer than the fill within the cylindrical portions.
11. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical portions include collapsible or deformable materials to accommodate users with different head sizes.
12. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical portions are positioned such that, in use, they provide passive sound insulation to the user's ears.
13. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein the pillow is sized as a travel pillow and is configured to rest on a bed, seat, or underlying surface during use.
14. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein the pillow is configured for medical use to stabilize a user's head and neck, including users with neck injuries or reduced head mobility.
15. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein the pillow is configured to provide calming tactile pressure for neurodivergent users, including individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
16. The head support pillow of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first cylindrical portion, the second cylindrical portion, or the connection comprises an open-cell structure.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description, is better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate a plurality of embodiments and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles involved and to enable a person skilled in the relevant art(s) to make and use the disclosed technologies.
[0010]
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[0018]
[0019]
[0020] The figures and the following description describe certain embodiments by way of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles described herein. Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying figures. It is noted that wherever practicable similar or like reference numbers may be used in the figures to indicate similar or like functionality.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0022] The figures and the following description describe certain embodiments by way of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles described herein. Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying figures. It is noted that wherever practicable similar or like reference numbers may be used in the figures to indicate similar or like functionality.
[0023]
[0024] The pillow includes a first cylindrical portion 102 and a second cylindrical portion 104. The portions are positioned at opposing ends of the pillow and may be substantially similar in size, shape, and material composition. In some embodiments, the first cylindrical portion 102 and second cylindrical portion 104 may differ in dimension, cross-sectional geometry, or softness. The term cylindrical, as used herein, should be interpreted broadly to encompass various geometric cross-sections, including circular, square, hexagonal, pentagonal, or other polygonal forms. The cylindrical portions may also feature rounded, flattened or squared-off regions to enhance stability, fit, or comfort. In the embodiment shown, the cylinders have differing shape and contour above the surface of the bridge than below the bridge, allowing for more inward movement of the upper cylinders (or lobes) during use while the lower lobes rotate slightly outward.
[0025] The cylindrical portions 102 and 104 are connected by a bridge or connection segment 106, that portion of the connection segment which spans the lateral gap between the opposing cylindrical portions 102 and 104 is the bridge 106 which has an upper surface and a lower surface. In the embodiment shown, the upper surface of the bridge which comes in contact with the back of the user's head and neck during use is wider than the bottom surface of the bridge 106. The bridge 106 may include an interior filling composed of a softer material, enhancing comfort and allowing controlled deformation during use. The bridge 106 is configured to couple the lateral midpoint of one face of the first cylindrical portion 102 to the lateral midpoint of the opposing face of the second cylindrical portion 104. The configuration maintains a generally fixed spatial relationship between the two cylindrical portions while allowing the bridge to provide structural support to the neck and head.
[0026] In certain embodiments, the bridge portion 106 is configured such that its top surface is narrower than its bottom surface. This trapezoidal cross-sectional geometry contributes to a differential mechanical response during use. Specifically, when a user's head is placed on the bridge, the downward force compresses the bridge vertically and causes the upper regions of the adjacent cylindrical portions to pivot or rotate inward. This movement brings the inwardly facing upper surfaces of the cylindrical portions into contact with the sides of the user's head, providing cradling support.
[0027] The lower portions of the cylindrical elements, referred to herein as cylinder lobes 102a, 104a, extend beneath the bridge and serve as support legs for resting on a support surface such as a bed or floor. The lobes comprise outwardly facing surfaces on each lateral side of the pillow and inwardly facing surfaces beneath the bridge. During compression, the lobes displace outward, enhancing lateral stability.
[0028] Further, in this embodiment, the bridge 106 is suspended above the support surface when the pillow is at rest, forming a vertical gap between the lower surface of the bridge and the support surface (e.g., a mattress or floor). The suspended configuration allows the head of the user to press down into the gap during use, enabling the pillow to cradle the head more deeply and providing ergonomic support without obstructing breathing or vision. The configuration distinguishes the design from conventional U-shaped or bridge-type pillows in which the bridge rests directly on the support surface and does not offer the same dynamic cradling response.
[0029] That portion of the connection segment, referred to as the bridge 106, includes an interior filling composed of a softer material than the cylindrical portions. This softer fill enhances comfort and provides a degree of controlled deformation. The bridge 106 is configured to couple the midpoint of one lateral face of the first cylindrical portion 102 to the midpoint of the opposing face of the second cylindrical portion 104, thereby maintaining relatively a fixed yet internally rotating spatial relationship between the two cylindrical portions while enabling the bridge to rest comfortably against the neck, upper back, or shoulders of the user. It should be noted that the structural connection segment can span underneath the bridge from one end of the pillow to the other, as shown in
[0030] Each cylindrical portion may include integrated or embedded pockets 108a, 108b, and 110. The first cylindrical portion 102 includes a first exterior pocket 108a, while the second cylindrical portion 104 includes a second exterior pocket 110. A third pocket 108b may be positioned on the opposite lateral side of the first cylindrical portion, mirroring pocket 108a. In the embodiment illustrated, the pockets are positioned on the inwardly facing surfaces of the upper portions of the cylindrical structure regions which are configured to come into contact with the sides of the user's head during use. This placement allows any inserted components, such as speakers or therapeutic elements, to directly interface with the user's head or neck. In alternative embodiments, the size, shape, or placement of the pockets may vary.
[0031] The exploded view in
[0032] A zipper 112 may be integrated along a seam of the lining, including potentially within the bridge portion 106. The zipper 112 allows access to the interior of the pillow for maintenance, cleaning, or adjustment of internal components. In some embodiments, there may be two coverings, an interior lining that covers the fill or foam structure of the pillow and which contains the pockets, and an outer covering made for comfort and contact with the user and which can be washed or switched out. In this alternative embodiment with two coverings, the zipper would be located on the exterior covering and the interior lining may or may not have a zipper or other opening mechanism. In the embodiment shown in
[0033] In some embodiments, the bridge portion 106 is designed with a top surface that is wider than the bottom surface, creating a tapered cross-section that promotes rotational movement of the connected cylindrical portions. The geometry, along with the selected material elasticity and stiffness, enhances the pillow's ability to cradle the user's head. When downward pressure is applied to the bridge, the inward-facing upper regions of the cylindrical portions rotate inward toward the user's head, while the lower, outward-facing lobes of the cylinders displace slightly outward, forming a triangular pedestal for added lateral stability. While in many embodiments the bridge is suspended above the support surface, certain configurations allow for partial contact between the bottom of the bridge and the support surface when the pillow is under load, without compromising the elevation and ergonomic support of the head and neck. This structural adaptability contributes to the pillow's ability to maintain supportive performance across varying user positions and pressures.
[0034] The cylindrical portion 102 may include an internal structure or lining enclosure to an access point for inserting or adjusting the internal fill material such as memory foam, polyester fiberfill, or another cushioning medium. In some embodiments, the pocket 108a described in
[0035]
[0036] The cylindrical portion 104 includes a rectangular side pocket 110 integrated into the exterior surface. This pocket is formed from the same or a similar material as the cylindrical body, maintaining aesthetic and tactile consistency. In some embodiments, pocket 110 is configured to house electronic components such as speakers, electrical vibration modules, or thermal units for heating or cooling purposes. The embedded design allows such devices to be positioned close to the user's body for optimal sensory engagement whether auditory, vibrational, or thermal while preserving user comfort.
[0037] The pocket 110 may also provide a ready access point for user-operated control features, including but not limited to speaker volume knobs, vibration intensity selectors, or temperature regulation switches.
[0038] Additionally, in some embodiments, the access pocket may be utilized for adjusting the structural dynamics of the pillow itself. For example, mechanisms for modifying the tension or flexibility of the central bridge segment 106 may be housed within the pocket, allowing the user to tighten or loosen the bridge using mechanical means known in the art such as drawstrings, elastic cinching systems, or ratcheting adjustments. This functionality enables a customizable fit and further enhances the pillow's adaptability to different user anatomies or support preferences.
[0039] The second cylindrical portion 104, as shown in
[0040]
[0041] The first cylindrical portion 102 and the second cylindrical portion 104 are positioned on opposite ends of the structure, each having a generally rounded or oval cross-sectional profile. The portions are designed to provide lateral support, such as for the sides of a head or neck of a user during use. The cylindrical portions may be formed of a combination of soft and firm fill materials, to achieve the desired level of comfort and support.
[0042] The cylindrical portions 102 and 104 are connected by a bridge or connection segment 106, that portion of the connection segment which spans the lateral gap between the opposing cylindrical portions 102 and 104 is the bridge 106 which has an upper surface and a lower surface. In the embodiment shown, the upper surface of the bridge which comes in contact with the back of the user's head and neck during use is wider than the bottom surface of the bridge 106. The bridge 106 may include an interior filling consisting of or including layers of foam of differing density, thickness and elasticity. The top surface or layer of the bridge 106 is generally made of a softer material than the bottom layer of the bridge to enhance comfort while allowing controlled deformation during use. In some alternative embodiments of the invention, the same density of foam may be used for top and bottom layers or a single layer may be utilized with a softer pad or material on top. Further, in alternative embodiments, other materials such as sheets of plastic, nylon sheeting or other bendable or elastic materials known in the industry may be utilized to provide additional support and connection with the cylinders. As shown, the bridge 106 is configured to couple the lateral midpoint of one face of the first cylindrical portion 102 to the lateral midpoint of the opposing face of the second cylindrical portion 104. The configuration maintains a generally fixed spatial relationship between the two cylindrical portions while allowing the bridge to provide structural support to the neck and head.
[0043] The lower portions of the cylindrical elements, referred to herein as cylinder lobes 102a, 104a, extend beneath the bridge and serve as support legs for resting on a support surface such as a bed or floor. The lobes comprise outwardly facing surfaces on each lateral side of the pillow and inwardly facing surfaces beneath the bridge. During compression, the lobes displace outward, enhancing lateral stability.
[0044] Extending outwardly from the sides of the cylindrical portions and positioned adjacent to the bridge portion are pockets 108a and 108b, respectively. The pockets are integrally affixed to the exterior surface of the cylindrical portions. The orientation of 108a and 108b suggests a functional symmetry, supporting adjustability or bilateral use.
[0045] According to this embodiment further includes the pocket 110 affixed to an outer surface of the second cylindrical portion 104. The pocket may be constructed from elastic or stretchable material to accommodate various shapes and sizes.
[0046] Additionally, a zipper 112 is integrated along a seam of the lining or the connection segment. The zipper 112 permits access to the pillow's interior for maintenance, cleaning, or customization.
[0047]
[0048] The first and second cylindrical portions 102, 104 are interconnected by a bridge or connection segment 106. The bridge 106 mechanically couples a lateral face of the first cylindrical portion 102 to a lateral face of the second cylindrical portion 104, maintaining a fixed spatial relationship between them. In one embodiment, the bridge 106 includes an interior filling that is softer than the material of the cylindrical portions, thereby improving user comfort and allowing dynamic deformation under load.
[0049] The bridge 106 exhibits dimensions that are proportionally smaller than the cylindrical portions 102, 104 in both height and thickness. As depicted in
[0050] The reduced vertical dimension and relative slenderness of the bridge 106 allow it to flex under pressure, facilitating inward rotation of the upper regions of the cylindrical portions 102, 104 to cradle the user's head. Concurrently, outward displacement of the lower regions enhances lateral stability. The configuration optimizes the ergonomic function of the pillow device, accommodating a range of head and neck sizes while improving overall user comfort and support.
[0051] In the example shown, the overall width of the pillow device is approximately 23 inches, with each cylindrical portion having a diameter of approximately 6 inches. The bridge 106 thereby provides a compliant, supportive connection that complements the structure and functionality of the cylindrical portions.
[0052]
[0053] The top view illustrates the genera layout of the pillow in its flattened or resting configuration. The top view shows the spatial relationship between the first cylindrical portion 102, second cylindrical portion 104, and the connection 106 interconnecting the two. Positioned along the length of the cylindrical portions are pockets 108a and 108b, which are affixed along the outer surfaces of each cylindrical section. The pockets may serve as attachment or mounting features, potentially designed to hold supplemental components such as straps, fasteners, or adjustable inserts. The alignment of 108a and 108b also suggests symmetry in their placement, supporting consistent functionality on both sides of the pillow.
[0054] Adjacent to the top view is the end view provides additional structural and dimensional details, specifically related to pocket 110. The pocket is centrally located on the exterior face of one of the second cylindrical portion 104 as previously referenced in
[0055] In some embodiments, at least one of the first cylindrical portion 102 and the second cylindrical portion 104 includes a softer portion and a firmer portion. For example,
[0056] In an example embodiment, at least one of the first cylindrical portion 102, the second cylindrical portion 104, or the bridge portion 106 comprises an air cool gel. In some example embodiments both the first cylindrical portion 102 and the second cylindrical portion 104 may include an air cool gel, natural and/or organic latex, feathers, down, or other appropriate materials. In another example embodiment the first cylindrical portion 102, the second cylindrical portion 104, and the bridge portion 106 may all include an air cool gel. In another example embodiment the bridge may include and air cool gel. In an example embodiment, a portion of the cylinder which may face the person's face may be softer and more breathable. In other words, a portion of the cylinder which may be intended to face the person's face may be softer and more breathable. The portion that may be in contact with the bed may be denser and more rigid so that it retains its structure. In other words, the portion that may be intended to be in contact with the support surface (such as a bed or floor) may be denser and more rigid so that it retains its structure. For example, the portion that may be intended to be in contact with the bed may be a memory or regular foam, a denser organic latex, or simply a more densely stuffed pillow in some examples.
[0057] In an example embodiment, at least one of the first cylindrical portion 102, the second cylindrical portion 104, or the bridge 106 comprises an open-cell structure. In some example embodiments both the first cylindrical portion 102 and the second cylindrical portion 104 may include an open-cell structure. In another example embodiment the first cylindrical portion 102, the second cylindrical portion 104, and the bridge portion 106 may all include an open-cell structure. In another example embodiment the bridge portion 106 may include an open-cell structure.
[0058]
[0059] In the
[0060] In the
[0061] The bridge portion 106 may be constructed from layers of foam or other fill material with differing densities to provide for a softer feel at the top surface where it comes in contact with the back of the user's head and neck and relatively denser or more sturdy foam or fill materials that support the bottom of the bridge and connect with the opposing cylinders. As shown, the top surface (or layer) of the bridge is narrower than the bottom surface (or layer) to incorporate specific geometry to stabilize the overall structure during use and to allow for controlled flexure and movement of the bridge during use. The unique configuration enables the pillow to provide responsive compression without requiring mechanical parts or external adjustments.
[0062]
[0063] The cylindrical portions 102 and 104 are connected by a bridge or connection segment 106, that portion of the connection segment which spans the lateral gap between the opposing cylindrical portions 102 and 104 is the bridge 106 which has an upper surface and a lower surface. In the embodiment shown, the upper surface (or layer) of the bridge 106 which comes in contact with the back of the user's head and neck during use is narrower (side to side) than the bottom surface of the bridge 106. The bridge 106 may include an interior filling composed of a softer material, enhancing comfort and allowing controlled deformation during use. The bridge 106 is configured to couple the lateral midpoint of one face of the first cylindrical portion 102 to the lateral midpoint of the opposing face of the second cylindrical portion 104. The configuration maintains a generally fixed spatial relationship between the two cylindrical portions while allowing the bridge to provide structural support to the neck and head.
[0064]
[0065] The speakers are located such that when the user rests their head on the pillow, the side cylindrical portions are flush against the ears of user. The configuration ensures that the sound waves are directed efficiently towards the user, delivering an immersive auditory experience.
[0066] The arrangement of the speakers is designed to provide various sound functions, including in-depth ambient sound, sound dampening, and the generation of white noise. The flush positioning of the cylindrical portions against the ears of user helps to create a sound environment conducive to relaxation and sleep.
[0067] The placement of speakers allows the user to enjoy enriched sound without compromising on comfort, making the pillow suitable for extended periods of use. Ensuring the speakers deliver high-quality sound while the user's head is supported, the design enhances the overall effectiveness of the pillow in creating a soothing and peaceful atmosphere.
[0068] In another embodiment, the head support pillow may be adapted for therapeutic or rehabilitative applications beyond audio enhancement. In this embodiment, one or more of the integrated pockets (e.g., pockets 108a, 108b, 110) formed within the cylindrical portions 102, 104 may be configured to receive various insertable modules. The modules may include, but are not limited to, cooling packs, heating elements, or vibrating stimulation devices.
[0069] The placement of the therapeutic components allows for targeted pressure or stimulation to be applied to a specific anatomical region, such as a user's neck, shoulder, or even other body parts like a knee or elbow. For instance, the pillow may be positioned such that the cylindrical portion is pressed gently against a user's joint or limb, enabling localized relief. The configuration may be beneficial for users managing conditions such as muscle soreness, joint pain, tension headaches, or migraines.
[0070] Such therapeutic inserts may be removable, rechargeable, or replaceable, and may operate independently or in combination with other comfort-enhancing features of the pillow. The pillow's modular design allows it to serve not only as a headrest but also as a versatile aid for physical comfort, relaxation, or post-injury rehabilitation.
[0071] Different embodiments of the head support pillow may come in different sizes, e.g., for different sized heads. One example may fit vastly differently between two different people due to the two people having different head sizes. A smaller size may squeeze a large head too much. This may be mitigated by having an appropriate size head support pillow. This may also be mitigated by having very soft collapsible material in the area that makes contact with the face. Using a soft material may give more leeway in the fit. In an example, the central portion may descend until the central portion contacts a bed or other surface underneath. The central portion may rest on the bed (or other surface). An example embodiment may be made smaller as a travel-size pillow. For example, pillows for travel may generally be made smaller than bed pillows.
[0072] In an example embodiment, the pillow may be good for sound reduction, as the pillow may cover and muffle the ears, e.g., when in use.
[0073] An example embodiment may be used with speakers placed within the pillow cover in the region of the user's ears in order to provide music or other noise cancelling activities.
[0074] An example embodiment may be used with speakers placed within the foam cylinders themselves to provide music or ambient sound.
[0075] An example embodiment may be used in medical applications for patients with neck injuries and other related injuries who cannot move their head and neck at night. The pillow may be configured to hold the patient's head in a single, comfortable yet secure position.
[0076] An example embodiment may used in medical applications for patients with neurodivergence (autism, etc) who enjoy active and calming pressure on their skin.
[0077] Other embodiments may use the same or similar structures, but configured to support body parts other than a person's head.
[0078] Reference in the specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase in one embodiment in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
[0079] The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the present invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims of this application. As will be understood by those familiar with the art, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Likewise, the particular naming and division of the modules, routines, features, attributes, methodologies and other aspects are not mandatory or significant, and the mechanisms that implement the present invention or its features may have different names, divisions and/or formats.
[0080] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean one and only one unless specifically so stated, but rather one or more. The word exemplary is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect described herein as exemplary is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term some refers to one or more. Combinations such as at least one of A, B, or C, one or more of A, B, or C, at least one of A, B, and C, one or more of A, B, and C, and A, B, C, or any combination thereof include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as at least one of A, B, or C, one or more of A, B, or C, at least one of A, B, and C, one or more of A, B, and C, and A, B, C, or any combination thereof' may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words module, mechanism, element, device, and the like may not be a substitute for the word means. As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase means for.