Method for producing a semi-transparent motor-vehicle design element

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a semi-transparent motor vehicle design element (3), comprising the following steps: A providing a dimensionally stable, at least partially light-permeable substrate (1) which is heat-resistant for a temperature of at least 60 C., the substrate (1) having a front side (1a) and a rear side (1b), B introducing the substrate (1) into a vacuum chamber (2) and applying a first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) by means of a PVD process to the substrate (1) according to step a) which is situated in the vacuum chamber (2), and C applying a light-impermeable cover layer (LD) to the front or rear side (1a, 1b) of the substrate (1), the light-impermeable cover layer (LD) containing at least one light-permeable opening (8) for reproducing at least one graphical symbol (SYM), steps B and C being carried out such that light (LSQ) passing through the at least one opening (8) in the light-impermeable cover layer (LD) from the rear side (1b) towards the front side (1a) of the substrate (1) is incident on the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) and at least partially passes outwards through the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) in order to project the at least one graphical symbol (SYM) represented by the at least one opening (8).

Claims

1. A method for producing a semi-transparent motor vehicle design element (3), comprising the following steps: A providing a dimensionally stable, light-permeable substrate (1) which is heat-resistant for a temperature of at least 60 C., the substrate (1) having a front side (1a) and a rear side (1b), B introducing the substrate (1) into a vacuum chamber (2) and applying a first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) by means of a PVD process to the substrate (1) according to step a) which is situated in the vacuum chamber (2), wherein the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) has a transmittance ranging between 10% and 90%, C applying a light-impermeable cover layer (LD) to the front or rear side (1a, 1b) of the substrate (1), the light-impermeable cover layer (LD) containing at least one light-permeable opening (8) for reproducing at least one graphical symbol (SYM), wherein steps B and C are carried out such that light (LSQ) passing through the at least one opening (8) in the light-impermeable cover layer (LD) from the rear side (1b) towards the front side (1a) of the substrate (1) is incident on the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) and at least partially passes outwards through the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) in order to project the at least one graphical symbol (SYM) represented by the at least one opening (8); and D applying a colouring second layer (L2) which covers the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), the colouring second layer (L2) being designed such that light incident on the design element (3) from the front side (1a) towards the rear side (1b) of the substrate (1) is manipulated by destructive interference, in that light beams (LS2) which are reflected by the surface of the colouring second layer (L2) are superimposed on light beams (LS1) which are reflected by the surface of the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), wherein the colouring second layer (L2) is substantially free of body colours, wherein the colouring second layer (L2) is designed such that the light reflected by the motor vehicle design element (3) is manipulated in its colour composition by interference of at least one spectral component of the light, wherein in contrast a body colour being a colour which becomes perceptible by at least partial absorption of spectra of visible light, the extent of the absorption of the colour components red, green and blue being unequal, and wherein a semi-transparent effect reflective layer (L3) is arranged between the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) and the colouring second layer (L2), viewed in a direction oriented from the rear side towards the front side (1a) of the substrate (1), to partially reflect light beams (LSQR) back to the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), wherein said effect reflective layer (L3) is arranged at a distance of at least 1 mm from the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), wherein a light-permeable material (1) is arranged between the effect reflective layer (L3) and the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) so that light beams passing through the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) from the rear side (1b) towards the front side (1a) of the substrate (1) can be reflected between the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) and the effect reflective layer (L3) and can be emitted outwards through the colouring second layer (L2).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) has a reflectance of at least 50% and/or a transmittance of at most 50% in a light propagation direction from the front side (1a) towards the rear side (1b) of the substrate (1).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) has a reflectance of at most 80% and/or a transmittance of at least 20% in a light propagation direction from the rear side (1b) towards the front side (1a) of the substrate (1).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the effect reflective layer (L3) has a reflectance of at least 50% in respect of light which is incident from the front side (1a) towards the rear side (1b) of the substrate (1).

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the effect reflective layer (L3) has a transmittance of at least 50% in respect of light which enters the effect reflective layer (L3) from the front side (1a) towards the rear side (1b) of the substrate (1).

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) and the effect reflective layer (L3) are inclined to each other at least in some sections in order to change angles (.sub.2, .sub.3) of the light beams (LSQR2, LSQR3) reflected between these layers.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PVD process according to step B) is designed as a sputtering process, and wherein the application of the colouring second layer (L2) according to step D) takes place by sputtering while adding a reactive gas, in particular oxygen.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the colouring second layer (L2) is obtained by providing titanium by means of a sputtering target, said titanium reacting with oxygen as the reactive gas introduced into the sputtering process and thus forming a titanium dioxide layer on the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), the layer thickness of the colouring second layer (L2) being predefined by predefining the sputtering rate and/or the duration of the sputtering process.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) and optionally a colouring second layer (L2) are designed such that light incident on the layers from the front side (1a) towards the rear side (1b) of the substrate (1) is reflected such that the at least one opening (8) provided in the light-impermeable cover layer (LD) is not visible to the human eye if there is no backlighting.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein a protective layer (CL) is applied by means of plasma polymerisation over the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) or optionally over the colouring second layer (L2) covering the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), wherein the protective layer (CL) is designed such that the light reflected by the motor vehicle design element (3) is manipulated in its colour composition by interference of at least one spectral component of the light.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the protective layer (CL) consists of hexamethyldisiloxane.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the side of the substrate (1) to be coated with the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) has a surface design which is smooth at least in one section and is rough or structured in at least one other section.

13. A method for producing a display or signalling element (10a, 10b) for a motor vehicle headlight, comprising: providing a motor vehicle design element (3) produced by a method according to claim 1, and at least one light source (9), and emitting light, via the light source (9), outwards through the at least one rear side (1b) of the substrate (1) and through the front side (1b) of the substrate (1) to illuminate the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1).

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the light source (9) is assigned a control device (13) which is designed to switch the light source (9) on and off for predefinable durations and thereby change the optical appearance of the display or signalling element (10a, 10b) between at least two states.

15. A method for producing a semi-transparent motor vehicle design element (3), comprising: A providing a dimensionally stable, light-permeable substrate (1) which is heat-resistant for a temperature of at least 60 C., the substrate (1) having a front side (1a) and a rear side (1b); B introducing the substrate (1) into a vacuum chamber (2) and applying a first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) by a PVD process to the substrate (1) according to step A which is situated in the vacuum chamber (2); C applying a light-impermeable cover layer (LD) to the front or rear side (1a, 1b) of the substrate (1), the light-impermeable cover layer (LD) containing at least one light-permeable opening (8) for reproducing at least one graphical symbol (SYM), wherein steps B and C are carried out such that light (LSQ) passing through the at least one opening (8) in the light-impermeable cover layer (LD) from the rear side (1b) towards the front side (1a) of the substrate (1) is incident on the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) and at least partially passes outwards through the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) in order to project the at least one graphical symbol (SYM) represented by the at least one opening (8); and D applying a colouring second layer (L2) which covers the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), the colouring second layer (L2) being designed such that light incident on the design element (3) from the front side (1a) towards the rear side (1b) of the substrate (1) is at least partially manipulated by destructive interference, in that the light beams (LS2) which are reflected by the surface of the colouring second layer (L2) are superimposed on the light beams (LS1) which are reflected by the surface of the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), and wherein the colouring second layer (L2) is substantially free of body colours, wherein the colouring second layer (L2) is designed such that the light reflected by the motor vehicle design element (3) is manipulated in its colour composition by interference of at least one spectral component of the light, wherein in contrast a body colour being a colour which becomes perceptible by at least partial absorption of spectra of visible light, the extent of the absorption of the colour components red, green and blue being unequal, wherein a semi-transparent effect reflective layer (L3) is arranged after the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), viewed in a direction oriented from the rear side towards the front side (1a) of the substrate (1), to partially reflect light beams (LSQR) back to the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), wherein said effect reflective layer (L3) is arranged at a distance of at least 1 mm from the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1), wherein a light-permeable material (1) is arranged between the effect reflective layer (L3) and the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) so that light beams passing through the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) from the rear side (1b) towards the front side (1a) of the substrate (1) can be reflected between the first metallic semi-transparent layer (L1) and the effect reflective layer (L3) and can be emitted outwards through the effect reflective layer (L3).

Description

(1) The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary and non-limiting embodiments, which are illustrated in the drawings. In the figures,

(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a sputtering process by means of which the layers can be produced on a substrate by the method according to the invention,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a substrate,

(4) FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the substrate comprising a base layer,

(5) FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the substrate comprising a base layer and a first layer according to the invention,

(6) FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the substrate comprising a base layer, a first layer and a second layer according to the invention,

(7) FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the substrate comprising a base layer, a first layer, a second layer and a protective layer or an effect reflective layer according to the invention,

(8) FIGS. 7a and 7b show a schematic diagram of a display element according to the invention, comprising a light-impermeable cover layer, in a passive and an active operating state, respectively,

(9) FIG. 8 shows an exemplary method for forming an opening in a light-absorbent cover layer,

(10) FIGS. 9a and 9b show alternative designs of a display element according to the invention, in a passive and an active operating state, respectively,

(11) FIGS. 10a and 10b show further alternative designs of a display element according to the invention, in a passive and an active operating state, respectively,

(12) FIG. 11 shows a variant of a display element according to the invention comprising an effect reflective layer,

(13) FIGS. 12a and 12b show exemplary effects of an inclination of the effect reflective layer of a display element within the meaning of FIG. 11,

(14) FIG. 13 shows a motor vehicle headlight according to the invention,

(15) FIGS. 14a and 14b show a motor vehicle comprising exemplary signalling elements according to the invention, in a passive and an active operating state, respectively,

(16) FIGS. 15a and 15b show a signalling element according to the invention in the form of a flashing light integrated into a rear-view mirror, and

(17) FIG. 16 shows an exemplary motor vehicle comprising a number of signalling elements according to the invention for use in a check routine.

(18) In the following figures, identical reference signs denote identical features, unless otherwise indicated.

(19) FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a sputtering process by means of which the layers can be produced on a substrate 1 by the method according to the invention. This method is suitable for producing a light-impermeable motor vehicle design element 3 (see FIGS. 4, 5 and 6) and comprises the following steps: A providing a dimensionally stable, at least partially light-permeable substrate 1 which is heat-resistant for a temperature of at least 60 C., the substrate 1 having a front side and a rear side, B introducing the substrate 1 into a vacuum chamber 2 and applying a first metallic semi-transparent layer L1 by means of a PVD process to the substrate 1 according to step a) which is situated in the vacuum chamber 2.

(20) The PVD process according to step B is preferably designed as a sputtering process. The example according to FIG. 1 shows different variants by which layers can be applied to the substrate 1. Generally, argon gas 4 is let into the vacuum chamber 2 (up to the desired pressure range of e.g. 110.sup.4 mbar), and a voltage is applied to a target 5 in relation to the chamber wall 6, for example. As a result, argon is ionised (to Ar+) and is accelerated towards the cathode 5 (negatively charged). The pulse is transferred to the atoms of the target by the (mechanical) impact of the argon ionsif there is enough energy, a portion of the target atoms detaches and flies into the space; if the pressure in the chamber 2 is low enough, the range of the sputtered atoms is long enough for them to arrive at the substrate 1 and condense there. The base material for the applied layers is present in the sputtering process as the target 5 (usually metals, but ceramics can also be used). In FIG. 1, two different possibilities are shown as the target 5the target can thus consist of aluminium or else of titanium. Aluminium is very well suited to producing the aforementioned first layer L1. When the first layer L1 is produced, the presence of a reactive gas is omitted. In this case, the aluminium condenses on the target in pure form. However, FIG. 1 also shows an alternative scenario, specifically one in which a titanium target is used, for example, and the sputtered titanium material or titanium atoms react with a reactive gas 7in this case oxygento form titanium dioxide and condense on the substrate 1. In this way, a second layer L2 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) can be produced. Typically, the first layer L1 is applied first in a non-reactive sputtering process, and then, after introduction of a reactive gas, the second layer L2 is applied over the first layer L1.

(21) The composition and layer thickness of the first layer L1 andif presentthe second layer are selected such that they are still at least partially permeable to light passing through the substrate 1 from the rear side 1b of the substrate 1 towards the front side 1b.

(22) FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a substrate 1, for example in the form of plastic, in particular polycarbonate, polyester amide, polyether imide, ABS, technical thermoplastics or duroplast. Alternatively, the substrate 1 could also consist of glass.

(23) FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the substrate 1 comprising a base layer BL which can optionally be provided and can be used to prepare the substrate 1 optimally for the subsequent coating processes.

(24) FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the substrate 1 comprising a base layer BL and the aforementioned first layer L1 according to the invention. FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the substrate 1 comprising a base layer BL, the first layer L1 and the second layer L2 according to the invention. FIG. 5 also shows the aforementioned light beams LS1 and LS2, which are superimposed on each other; the colour of the light reflected by the design element 3 can be influenced by the superimposition. The colour influence depends both on the choice of the layer materials and of the layer thicknesses d1 and d2.

(25) The application and formation of the first layer L1 according to step C can take place without a reactive gas during the sputtering process. The temperature in steps B and C can be less than 100 C., preferably less than 70 C., particularly preferably less than 60 C.

(26) The application of the second colouring layer L2 according to step D can take place by sputtering while adding a reactive gas, in particular oxygen. For example, a second layer L2 can be obtained by providing titanium by means of a sputtering target, said titanium reacting with oxygen as the reactive gas introduced into the sputtering process and thus forming a titanium dioxide layer on the first layer L1, the layer thickness of the second layer L2 being defined by specification of the coating rate and/or the duration of the coating process.

(27) FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the substrate 1 comprising a base layer BL, the first layer L1, the second layer L2 and a protective layer CL (coat layer) or an effect reflective layer L3 according to the invention. The protective layer CL is applied by means of plasma polymerisation, and this protective layer CL can in particular be a layer consisting of hexamethyldisiloxane. This protective layer CL is transparent but still significantly involved in colouring, depending on the layer thickness d3, since light LS3 is also reflected by this layer at the boundary face to the surrounding medium (e.g. air), and the reflected light beams LS1 and LS2 are superimposed on said light. In addition, the provision of the protective layer CL changes the reflection behaviour of the second layer L2 and thus of the light beams LS2 insofar as the protective layer CL has a relative permittivity different from air. The protective layer CL can thus be designed such that the light reflected by the motor vehicle design element 3 is manipulated in its colour composition by destructive interference of at least one spectral component of the light. The effect reflective layer can in principle have exactly the same structure as the first layer L1. It can therefore consist of the same material.

(28) FIGS. 4 to 6 show a motor vehicle design element 3 which is produced by the method according to the invention, wherein the motor vehicle design element 3 comprises the dimensionally stable substrate 1 on which a colouring first metallic reflective layer L1 is applied, wherein either this layer L1 is designed such that a semi-transparent layer with a layer thickness of at least 2 nm is achieved, or a second colouring layer L2 is provided, which covers the first layer L1, wherein the second layer L2 is at least partially light-permeable and is designed such that light incident on the design element 3 is at least partially manipulated by interference in that the light beams LS2 which are reflected by the surface of the second layer L2 are superimposed on the light beams LS1 which are reflected by the surface of the first layer L1. The second layer L2 can be largely free of body colours, a body colour being a colour which becomes perceptible by at least partial absorption of spectra of visible light, the extent of the absorption of the colour components red, green and blue being unequal, wherein the second layer L2 is designed such that the light reflected by the motor vehicle design element 3 is manipulated in its colour composition by interference of at least one spectral component of the light.

(29) As can be seen in FIGS. 4 to 6, the first layer L1 is designed such that the first layer L1 reflects light which is incident on the first layer L1 from the front side 1a towards the rear side 1b of the substrate 1. These figures also show a light source 9, from which light beams LSQ are shone through the substrate 1 from the rear side 1a towards the front side 1b and through the subsequent layers.

(30) Alternatively but also additionally to the second layer L2 and to the protective layer CL, an effect reflective layer L3 can be provided between the first layer L1 and the second layer L2 (or the protective layer CL); the optical effect of said effect reflective layer is discussed in more detail in conjunction with FIGS. 11, 12a and 12b. In short, the effect reflective layer L3 allows a partial back-reflection of the light beams passing through the first layer L1 from the rear side 1b towards the front side 1a, towards the first layer. Exemplary reflected light beams LSQR are shown in FIG. 6.

(31) In other words, FIG. 6 shows that a protective layer CL can be applied by means of plasma polymerisation over the first layer L1 or optionally over a second layer L2 covering the first layer L1, said protective layer being in particular a layer consisting of hexamethyldisiloxane. The protective layer CL can be designed such that the light reflected by the motor vehicle design element 3 is manipulated in its colour composition by interference of at least one spectral component of the light. Before application of a first layer L1 according to step C, a base layer BL can also be applied to the substrate 1.

(32) In this way, a motor vehicle design element 3 can be created in which, according to FIGS. 7a and 7b, a light-absorbent cover layer LD is arranged on a front or rear side 1a, 1b of the dimensionally stable substrate 1, wherein the light-impermeable cover layer LD contains at least one light-permeable opening 8 for reproducing at least one graphical symbol SYM, wherein the cover layer LD is placed in front of the metallic semi-transparent first layer L1 in a direction from the rear side 1b towards the front side 1a of the substrate 1 such that light passing through the at least one opening 8 in the light-impermeable cover layer LD from the rear side 1b towards the front side 1a of the substrate 1 is incident on the metallic semi-transparent first layer L1 and at least partially passes outwards through the metallic semi-transparent first layer L1 in order to project the at least one graphical symbol SYM represented by the at least one opening 8.

(33) FIGS. 7a and 7b show a schematic diagram of a display element 10a according to the invention, comprising a light-impermeable cover layer LD, in a passive and an active operating state, respectively. More precisely, FIG. 7a shows the display element 10a in a passive statealso referred to as a cold statein which a light source 9 designed for illuminating the opening 8 in the cover layer LD is switched off. In FIG. 7b, in contrast, this light source 9 is switched on, i.e. in an active statealso referred to as a warm stateas a result of which the symbol SYM is projected towards the front side of the display element 10a. In the warm state, the symbol SYM is therefore visible for a viewing direction from the front side. In the cold state, however, the symbol SYM is not perceptible with the naked eye. In this way, information can be hidden and in certain situations displayed in a display elementwhich can also be used as a design element. In the example according to FIGS. 7a and 7b, a company logo is displayedin the present case the logo of the company ZKW. Alternatively, however, technical symbols such as markings on a fuel tank cap, warning signs, technical information etc. can also be projected.

(34) In principle, a light-absorbent cover layer LD can be applied on the front side 1a or rear side 1b of the substrate 1, the light-impermeable cover layer LD containing at least one light-permeable opening 8 to reproduce at least one graphical symbol SYM. Method steps B and C are carried out such that light LSQ passing through the at least one opening 8 in the light-impermeable cover layer LD from the rear side 1b towards the front side 1a of the substrate 1 is incident on the first metallic semi-transparent layer L1 and at least partially passes outwards through the first metallic semi-transparent layer L1 to project the at least one graphical symbol SYM represented by the at least one opening 8.

(35) The light-impermeable cover layer LD can be applied by means of a PVD process, and the at least one light-permeable opening 8 can be exposed by lasering.

(36) The light-impermeable cover layer LD can alternatively likewise be in the form of a film. The light-impermeable cover layer LD can be arranged on the rear side 1b of the substrate 1. Alternatively, the light-impermeable cover layer LD can be arranged on the front side 1b of the substrate 1 if the further layers L1 etc. follow on the front side 1b.

(37) The first layer L1 can be arranged directly on the light-absorbent cover layer LD. The light-impermeable cover layer LD can be completely light-impermeable.

(38) The display or signalling element 10a, 10b can be obtained by the described method according to the invention and comprises a light source 9 which is designed to shine light from the rear side 1b of the substrate 1 through the front side 1a of the substrate 1 and through the at least one opening 8 in the cover layer LD onto the first layer L1 and at least partially through same. The light source 9 is preferably a controllable light source, in particular an RGB light source, wherein the light intensity and/or light colour of the controllable light source 9 can be changed over time. To implement a driving direction indicator (also referred to colloquially as blinker), the light source 9 and the at least one opening 8 and the first layer L1 are designed such that, when intermittently illuminated by the light source 9, an intermittent orange driving-direction-indicating signal can be emitted outwards.

(39) FIG. 8 shows an exemplary method for forming an opening 8 in a light-absorbent cover layer LD. In the present example, this opening 8 is exposed by lasering. Alternatively or additionally, films which enclose a light-permeable opening can also be adhesively bonded.

(40) FIGS. 9a and 9b show alternative designs of a display element 10b according to the invention, in a passive and an active operating state, respectively. For example, both the cover layer LD and the first layer L1 are arranged on the rear side 1b of the substrate in said figures. Alternatively, the first layer L1 could also be arranged on the front side 1a of the substrate 1. The first layer L1 has a layer thickness d1 between 2 nm and 300 nm. It is selected to be so low that the semi-transparent function of this layer is ensured. The light source 9 is assigned a control device 13 (see FIGS. 9a, 9b and 11), which is designed to switch the light source 9 on and off for predefinable durations and thereby change the optical appearance of the display or signalling element 10a, 10b between at least two states.

(41) FIGS. 10a and 10b show a further alternative design of a display element 10a according to the invention, in a passive operating state (FIG. 10a) and an active operating state (FIG. 10b). It can be seen in FIG. 10a that the first layer L1 and optionally a second layer L2 are designed such that light incident on the layers from the front side 1a towards the rear side 1b of the substrate 1 is reflected such that the at least one opening 8 provided 1a in the light-absorbent cover layer LD is not visible to the human eye if there is no backlighting. A display element 10a or signalling element 10b can be produced in that it comprises a motor vehicle design element 3 according to the invention and at least one light source 9, the light source 9 being designed to shine light outwards through the at least one rear side 1b of the substrate 1 and through the front side 1b of the substrate 1 and in the process to illuminate the semi-transparent first layer L1.

(42) FIG. 11 shows a variant of a display element 10b according to the invention comprising an effect reflective layer L3. In said variant, a semi-transparent effect reflective layer L3 is arranged after the first layer L1, viewed in a direction oriented from the rear side towards the front side 1a of the substrate 1, to partially reflect light beams LSQR back to the first layer L1, said effect reflective layer L3 being arranged at a distance of at least 1 mm from the first layer L1, light-permeable material 1 (can be the same material as e.g. the material of the substrate 1) being arranged between the effect reflective layer and the first layer so that light beams passing through the first layer L1 from the rear side 1b towards the front side 1a of the substrate 1 can be reflected between the first layer L1 and the effect reflective layer L3 and can be emitted outwards through the effect reflective layer L3. As long as the effect reflective layer L3 and the first layer are oriented parallel to each other as shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of projections or mirror images of the symbol lying one behind the other are produced, depending on the viewing direction of an observer, wherein the intensity of each subsequent mirror image decreases.

(43) It can be provided for the effect reflective layer L3 to have a reflectance of at least 70% in respect of light which is incident from the front side 1a towards the rear side 1b of the substrate 1. It can likewise be provided for the effect reflective layer L3 to have a transmittance of at least 80% in respect of light which enters the effect reflective layer L3 from the front side 1a towards the rear side 1b of the substrate 1.

(44) FIGS. 12a and 12b show exemplary effects of an inclination of the effect reflective layer LD of a display element 10a. The first layer L1 and the effect reflective layer L3 are inclined to each other at least in some sections so that the angles of the reflected light beams LSQR are changed starting from the incident light beam LSQ at the angle 1 towards the reflected light beams LSQR1 to LSQR3 at the associated angles 2 and 3. The mirror images can be distorted and shifted, depending on the differently selected inclination of the layers to one another. FIG. 12b shows exemplary mirror images which have a hologrammatic appearance.

(45) FIG. 13 shows a motor vehicle headlight 11 according to the invention comprising two motor vehicle design elements 3, which are each perceptible by a projection of the ZKW logo in the motor vehicle headlight 11. This projection can be switched on and off and thus made visible and invisible by switching a light source (not shown) on and off.

(46) FIGS. 14a and 14b show a motor vehicle comprising exemplary signalling elements 10b according to the invention, in a passive and an active operating state, respectively. The signalling element can be in the form of a trim strip which surrounds the window panes and, for example, has a chrome colour in the passive operating state and assumes a light colour, e.g. white, red, green, blue or mixtures thereof, in the active operating state. The colour in the active state depends on the shape of the design element 3 and on the colour of the light source 9. Multi-coloured light sources 9 can also be used, which are designed to emit different light colours and can be controlled in their colour and/or intensity. Such a signalling element 10b can also be installed in the door entry strip or in a door strip or sill which is visible from the outside. The design elements 3 or the display elements 10a and signalling elements 10b resulting therefrom can in principle be used in any way corresponding to design wishes or else to provide a technical purpose.

(47) FIGS. 15a and 15b show a signalling element 10b according to the invention in the form of a flashing light integrated in a rear-view mirror, FIG. 15a showing the cold state and FIG. 15b showing the warm state.

(48) FIG. 16 shows an exemplary motor vehicle 12 comprising a number of signalling elements 10b according to the invention for use in a check routine.

(49) The motor vehicle 12 comprises vehicle headlights 11 comprising a motor vehicle design element 3 according to the invention and/or a display element 10a or signalling element 10b according to the invention. In addition, the motor vehicle comprises various signalling elements 10b and/or a vehicle headlight 11.

(50) The motor vehicle 12 has at least one sensor 14 (see FIG. 16, arranged centrally on the vehicle 1 by way of example; in practice, however, a plurality of sensors is typically used to cover the surroundings of the vehicle, which sensors are distributed along the vehicle and can be integrated for example in the radiator grille, the front of the vehicle or else in the vehicle headlight) for sensing the surroundings 15 of the vehicle, at least one display or signalling element 10a, 10b and at least one control device 13, which is connected to the at least one sensor 14 and the display or signalling element 10a, 10b, for activating the light source 9 of the display or signalling element 10a, 10b. The control device 13 is designed, depending on persons 16 sensed within the surroundings 15 of the vehicle by means of the at least one sensor 14, to activate the light source 9 of the display or signalling element 10a, 10b for visual signal transfer Sig towards the sensed person 16. Preferably, the motor vehicle 12 has multiple sensors 14 and multiple display or signalling elements 10a, 10b, wherein each sensor 14 is assigned a display or signalling element 10a, 10b, wherein the control device 13 is designed to start a check routine of the sensors 14 depending on a start signal start, which can be sent for example via a vehicle key 17, wherein a walk around the vehicle 12 by a person 16 walking around the vehicle 12 is sensed by means of the sensors 14 during the check routine, wherein display and/or signalling elements 10a, 10b facing the person 16 are switched between at least two optical states, in particular an active and a passive state, according to a predefinable pattern depending on a result of the sensor check, so that the functional state of the sensors 14 can be communicated visually to the person 16 checking the vehicle 12.

(51) FIG. 16 thus shows a situation in which a person 16 is walking around a vehicle 12 equipped with sensors 14, for example an autonomous vehicle. In this case, the functionality of the sensors 14 is of utmost importance. The walk around the vehicle can interact with a check routine such that e.g. each sensor is assigned at least one display or signalling element 10a or 10b. If a sensor does not detect the person 16 although it should detect them in this situation (this information can be determined e.g. by comparison with the other sensors), an error signal can be output. If, however, all the sensors are functional, the display or signalling element 10a or 10b facing the walking person can be lit up, for example in the colour green, one after the other, for example in the manner of a chaser light effect, wherein for example a closed illuminated green ring lights up around the vehicle to indicate proper functioning of the sensors when the walk around the vehicle is complete. In this way, a functional checkfor example required by lawof the sensor system can be carried out in an intuitive and simple manner while the vehicle is at a standstill.

(52) All the device features arising from the method can also be part of the devices mentioned.

(53) In view of this teaching, the person skilled in the art is able to arrive at other embodiments of the invention which are not shown, without exercising inventive skill. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the embodiments shown but defined by the entire scope of the claims. Individual aspects of the invention or the embodiments can also be taken and combined with one another. Any reference signs in the claims are exemplary and are used only for easier readability of the claims without limiting them.