REFRIGERANT-CONTAINING COMPOSITION, USE OF SAME, REFRIGERATOR COMPRISING SAME, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING REFRIGERATOR

Abstract

This invention provides a novel low-GWP mixed refrigerant. It is a composition comprising a refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and propane, and a total content of HFO-1132(E) and propane is 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant.

Claims

1. A composition comprising a refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E) and propane being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising: HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 25.0 mass % to 29.2 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 30.7 mass % to 38.9 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 43.5 mass % to 48.5 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 51.2 mass % to 56.3 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 61.4 mass % to 66.8 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 72.4 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 20.6 mass % to 29.9 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 32.0 mass % to 37.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 42.2 mass % to 48.8 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 50.4 mass % to 57.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 62.3 mass % to 68.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 70.8 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 7.0 mass % to 9.7 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 10.4 mass % to 18.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 20.6 mass % to 29.4 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 31.3 mass % to 38.7 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 40.6 mass % to 48.5 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 50.8 mass % to 58.8 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 60.1 mass % to 69.2 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; or HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 70.3 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant further comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,1-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132a), and 2 chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124).

3. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising 0.1 mass % or less of water based on the entire composition.

4. The composition according to claim 1, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R12, R22, R134a, R404A, R407A, R407C, R407F, R407H, R410A, R413A, R417A, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D, R423A, R424A, R426A, R427A, R430A, R434A, R437A, R438A, R448A, R449A, R449B, R449C, R452A, R452B, R454A, R454B, R454C, R455A, R465A, R502, R507, R513A, R1234yf, or R1234ze.

5. A composition comprising a refrigerant, for operating a refrigeration cycle of air conditioning equipment for electric vehicles, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E) and propane being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, a content of HFO-1132(E) is 20.6 to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane, a COP ratio relative to R1234yf is 99% or more, and a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R1234yf is 200% or more.

6. A composition comprising a refrigerant, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), difluoroethylene (R32) and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines CP, PQ, QR, RA, and AC that connect the following 5 points: point C (60.0, 40.0, 0.0), point P (73.1, 5.0, 21.9), point Q (10.0, 5.0, 85.0), point R (10.0, 44.2, 45.8), and point A (55.7, 44.3, 55.8), or on the straight lines CP, QR, and RA (excluding the points A, C, P, and Q).

7. A composition comprising a refrigerant, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R1234yf and/or an alternative refrigerant for R404A, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines PQ, QR, KJ, and JP that connect the following 4 points: point P (73.1, 5.0, 21.9), point Q (10.0, 5.0, 85.0), point K (10.0, 21.9, 68.1), and point J (66.7, 22.1, 11.2), or on the straight lines JP, QK, and KJ.

8. A composition comprising a refrigerant, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, when the mass % of CO.sub.2, HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by a, x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is (100-a) mass % are, when 0.0<a10.0, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines CD, DQ, QR, RA, and AC that connect the following 5 points: point C (60.0, a+40.0, 0.0), point D (75.0, 0, a+25.0), point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), point R (10.0, 44.2, a+45.8), and point A (a+55.7, 44.3, 0.0), or on the straight lines CD, QR, and RA (excluding the points A, C, D, and Q).

9. A composition comprising a refrigerant, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R1234yf, and/or an alternative refrigerant for R404A, wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2, a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, when the mass % of CO.sub.2, HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by a, x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is (100-a) mass % are, when 0.0<a0.5, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KT that connect the following 4 points: point J (66.7, 22.1, a+11.2), point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), and point K (10.0, 21.9, a+68.1), or on the straight lines JD, QK, and KJ, and the coordinates (x,y,z) are, when 0.5<a10.0, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KJ that connect the following 4 points: point J (0.0524a2+0.266a+66.58, 22.1, 0.0524a2-1.266a+11.32), point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), and point K (10.0, 21.9, a+68.1), or on the straight lines JD, QK, and KJ.

10. A refrigeration apparatus comprising: a use side heat transfer cycle for circulating a use side refrigerant; a heat source side heat transfer cycle for circulating a heat source side refrigerant; and a cascade heat exchanger for performing heat exchange between the use side refrigerant and the heat source side refrigerant, wherein the heat source side refrigerant is the composition according to claim 1.

11. A refrigeration method comprising a step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition according to claim 1.

12. A refrigerator comprising the composition according to claim 1 as a working fluid.

13. Use of the composition according to claim 1 as a working fluid in a refrigerator.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] FIG. 1 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 2 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 3 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 4 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 5 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 6 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 7 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 8 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 9 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 10 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 11 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 12 is a ternary diagram showing formulations of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0039] In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors conducted extensive research and found that various mixed refrigerants described below have the characteristics described above.

[0040] The present disclosure has been completed as a result of further research based on this finding. The present disclosure includes the following embodiments.

Definition of Terms

[0041] In the present specification, the term refrigerant includes at least compounds that are specified in ISO 817 (International Organization for Standardization) and that are given a refrigerant number (ASHRAE number) representing the type of refrigerant with R at the beginning, and further includes refrigerants that have properties equivalent to those of such refrigerants, even though a refrigerant number is not yet given. Refrigerants are broadly divided into fluorocarbon compounds and non-fluorocarbon compounds in terms of the structure of the compounds. Fluorocarbon compounds include chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC).

[0042] In the present specification, the phrase composition comprising a refrigerant at least includes (1) a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants), (2) a composition that further comprises other components and that can be mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine, and (3) a working fluid for a refrigerating machine containing a refrigeration oil. In the present specification, of these three embodiments, the composition (2) is referred to as a refrigerant composition so as to distinguish it from a refrigerant itself (including a mixture of refrigerants). Further, the working fluid for a refrigerating machine (3) is referred to as a refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid so as to distinguish it from the refrigerant composition.

[0043] In the present specification, when the term alternative is used in a context in which the first refrigerant is replaced with the second refrigerant, the first type of alternative means that equipment designed for operation using the first refrigerant can be operated using the second refrigerant under optimum conditions, optionally with changes of only a few parts (at least one of the following: refrigeration oil, gasket, packing, expansion valve, dryer, and other parts) and equipment adjustment. In other words, this type of alternative means that the same equipment is operated with an alternative refrigerant. Embodiments of this type of alternative include drop-in alternative, nearly drop-in alternative, and retrofit, in the order in which the extent of changes and adjustment necessary for replacing the first refrigerant with the second refrigerant is smaller.

[0044] The term alternative also includes a second type of alternative, which means that equipment designed for operation using the second refrigerant is operated for the same use as the existing use with the first refrigerant by using the second refrigerant. This type of alternative means that the same use is achieved with an alternative refrigerant.

[0045] In the present specification, the term refrigerating machine refers to machines in general that draw heat from an object or space to make its temperature lower than the temperature of ambient air, and maintain a low temperature. In other words, refrigerating machines refer to conversion machines that gain energy from the outside to do work, and that perform energy conversion, in order to transfer heat from where the temperature is lower to where the temperature is higher.

[0046] In the present specification, air-conditioning equipment for vehicles is a type of refrigeration apparatus for use in vehicles, such as gasoline vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and hydrogen vehicles. The air-conditioning equipment for vehicles refers to a refrigeration apparatus that has a refrigeration cycle in which heat exchange is performed by an evaporator using a liquid refrigerant, the evaporated refrigerant gas is absorbed by a compressor, the adiabatically compressed refrigerant gas is cooled and liquefied with a condenser, the liquefied refrigerant is adiabatically expanded by passing it through an expansion valve, and then the refrigerant is supplied again in the form of a liquid to the evaporator.

[0047] In the present specification, the unit of pressure is an absolute pressure unless otherwise specified.

1. Refrigerant

[0048] The refrigerant of the present disclosure comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E) and propane being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant comprises: [0049] (1) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 25.0 mass % to 29.2 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0050] (2) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 30.7 mass % to 38.9 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0051] (3) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 43.5 mass % to 48.5 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0052] (4) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 51.2 mass % to 56.3 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0053] (5) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 61.4 mass % to 66.8 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0054] (6) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 72.4 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0055] (7) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 20.6 mass % to 29.9 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0056] (8) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 32.0 mass % to 37.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0057] (9) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 42.2 mass % to 48.8 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0058] (10) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 50.4 mass % to 57.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0059] (11) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 62.3 mass % to 68.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0060] (12) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 70.8 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0061] (13) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 7.0 mass % to 9.7 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0062] (14) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 10.4 mass % to 18.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0063] (15) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 20.6 mass % to 29.4 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0064] (16) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 31.3 mass % to 38.7 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; or [0065] (17) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 40.6 mass % to 48.5 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0066] (18) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 50.8 mass % to 58.8 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0067] (19) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 60.1 mass % to 69.2 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; or [0068] (20) HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 70.3 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane.

[0069] The refrigerant of the present disclosure is a low-GWP mixed refrigerant.

[0070] The refrigerant (1) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A of 73% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R410A of 103.25% or more.

[0071] The refrigerant (2) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A of 76% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R410A of 102% or more.

[0072] The refrigerant (3) has condensation glide of 5.0 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R410A of 100.5% or more.

[0073] The refrigerant (4) has condensation glide of 3.75 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R410A of 99.5% or more.

[0074] The refrigerant (5) has condensation glide of 2.0 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R410A of 98.75% or more.

[0075] The refrigerant (6) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A of 95% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0076] The refrigerant of the present disclosure comprises HFO-1132(E) and propane in an amount of 99.5% or more, and may comprise at least one member selected from HFO-1132a and R124 in an amount of 0.5 mass % or less.

[0077] The refrigerant of the present disclosure may be an alternative refrigerant for A410A, comprising HFO-1132(E) and propane in an amount of 99.5% or more, comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 25.0 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on a total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane, and comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of HFO-1132a and R124 in an amount of 0.5 mass % or less. This refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A of 73% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0078] The refrigerant (7) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R1234yf of 200% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R1234yf of 102.0% or more.

[0079] The refrigerant (8) has condensation glide of 6.6 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R1234yf of 101.5% or more.

[0080] The refrigerant (9) has condensation glide of 5.6 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R1234yf of 100.25% or more.

[0081] The refrigerant (10) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R1234yf of 250% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R1234yf of 99.5% or more.

[0082] The refrigerant (11) has condensation glide of 2.0 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R1234yf of 99.1% or more.

[0083] The refrigerant (12) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R1234yf of 280% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0084] The refrigerant of the present disclosure may be an alternative refrigerant for R1234yf, comprising HFO-1132(E) and propane in an amount of 99.5% or more, comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 20.6 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on a total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane, and comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of HFO-1132a and R124 in an amount of 0.5 mass % or less. This refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R1234yf of 200% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0085] The refrigerant of the present disclosure can suppress the disproportionation reaction even when the refrigerant pressure is locally 3 MPa and the refrigerant temperature is locally 150 C. in the refrigeration cycle.

[0086] In addition, since the refrigerant of the present disclosure has a boiling point of 40.0 C. or lower, there is an advantage that the refrigerant is easy to use in heating by a heat pump. For example, when the refrigerant of the present disclosure is used for operating a refrigeration cycle of air-conditioning equipment for vehicles, there is an advantage that heating can be performed by a heat pump that consumes less power than an electric heater. Examples of the air-conditioning equipment for vehicles include systems for gasoline vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and hydrogen vehicles.

[0087] The refrigerant (13) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 100% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 112.2% or more.

[0088] The refrigerant (14) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 103% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 111% or more.

[0089] The refrigerant (15) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 112% or more, and a discharge pressure ratio relative to R404A of 100% or more.

[0090] The refrigerant (16) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 122% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 108.0% or more.

[0091] The refrigerant (17) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 131% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 106.5% or more.

[0092] The refrigerant (18) has condensation glide of 4.0 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 105% or more.

[0093] The refrigerant (19) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 140% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 104.2% or more.

[0094] The refrigerant (20) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 157% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0095] The refrigerant of the present disclosure may be an alternative refrigerant for R404A, comprising HFO-1132(E) and propane in an amount of 99.5% or more, comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 7.0 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on a total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane, and comprising at least one member selected from HFO-1132a and R124 in an amount of 0.5 mass % or less. This refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 100% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0096] In the refrigerant of the present disclosure, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), difluoroethylene (R32) and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, and [0097] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, if coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 100 mass % satisfy the following requirements, a disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 Mpa and 150 C., a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R410A is 70% or more, and GWP is 300 or less: [0098] the coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines CP, PQ, QR, RA, and AC that connect the following 5 points: [0099] point C (60.0, 40.0, 0.0), [0100] point P (73.1, 5.0, 21.9), [0101] point Q (10.0, 5.0, 85.0), [0102] point R (10.0, 44.2, 45.8), and [0103] point A (55.7, 44.3, 55.8), or
on the straight lines CP, QR, and RA (excluding the points A, C, P, and Q).

[0104] In the refrigerant of the present disclosure, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), difluoroethylene (R32) and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, and [0105] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, if coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 100 mass % satisfy the following requirements, a disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 Mpa and 150 C., a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R1234yf is 197.5% or more, a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R404A is 110% or more, and GWP is 150 or less: [0106] the coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines PQ, QR, KJ, and JP that connect the following 4 points: [0107] point P (73.1, 5.0, 21.9), [0108] point Q (10.0, 5.0, 85.0), [0109] point K (10.0, 21.9, 68.1), and [0110] point J (66.7, 22.1, 11.2), or
on the straight lines JP, QK, and KJ.

[0111] In addition, since the refrigerant of the present disclosure has a boiling point of 40.0 C. or lower, there is an advantage that the refrigerant is easy to use in heating by a heat pump. For example, when the refrigerant of the present disclosure is used for operating a refrigeration cycle of air-conditioning equipment for vehicles, there is an advantage that heating can be performed by a heat pump that consumes less power than an electric heater. Examples of the air-conditioning equipment for vehicles include systems for gasoline vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and hydrogen vehicles.

[0112] In the refrigerant of the present disclosure, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 is 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, and [0113] when the mass % of CO.sub.2, HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by a, x, y, and z, if coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is (100-a) mass % satisfy the following requirements, a disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 Mpa and 150 C., a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R410A is 65.0% or more, and GWP is 300 or less: [0114] the coordinates (x,y,z) are, when 0.0<a10.0, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines CD, DQ, QR, RA, and AC that connect the following 5 points: [0115] point C (60.0, a+40.0, 0.0), [0116] point D (75.0, 0, a+25.0), [0117] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), [0118] point R (10.0, 44.2, a+45.8), and [0119] point A (a+55.7, 44.3, 0.0), or on the straight lines CD, QR, and RA (excluding the points A, C, D, and Q).

[0120] In the refrigerant of the present disclosure, the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2, a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 is 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, and [0121] when the mass % of CO.sub.2, HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by a, x, y, and z, if coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is (100-a) mass % satisfy the following requirements, a disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 Mpa and 150 C., a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R1234yf is 185.0% or more, a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R404A is 103.7% or more, and GWP is 150 or less: [0122] the coordinates (x,y,z) are, when 0.0<a0.5, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KJ that connect the following 4 points: [0123] point J (66.7, 22.1, a+11.2), [0124] point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), [0125] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), and [0126] point K (10.0, 21.9, a+68.1), or
on the straight lines JD, QK, and KJ, and [0127] the coordinates (x,y,z) are, when 0.5<a10.0, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KJ that connect the following 4 points: [0128] point J (0.0524a2+0.266a+66.58, 22.1, 0.0524a21.266a+11.32), [0129] point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), [0130] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), and [0131] point K (10.0, 21.9, a+68.1), or
on the straight lines JD, QK, and KJ.

[0132] In addition, since the refrigerant of the present disclosure has a boiling point of 40.0 C. or lower, there is an advantage that the refrigerant is easy to use in heating by a heat pump. For example, when the refrigerant of the present disclosure is used for operating a refrigeration cycle of air-conditioning equipment for vehicles, there is an advantage that heating can be performed by a heat pump that consumes less power than an electric heater. Examples of the air-conditioning equipment for vehicles include systems for gasoline vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and hydrogen vehicles.

[0133] Besides, the refrigerant of the present disclosure is a mixed refrigerant comprising propane and HFO-1132(E), and/or R32 having lower flammability than propane, and/or CO.sub.2, but is not a non-flammable refrigerant or a low-flammable refrigerant. Therefore, in a refrigeration apparatus comprising a use side heat transfer cycle for circulating a use side refrigerant, a heat source side heat transfer cycle for circulating a heat source side refrigerant, and a cascade heat exchanger for performing heat exchange between the use side refrigerant and the heat source side refrigerant, the refrigerant of the present disclosure may be used as the heat source side refrigerant.

[0134] The refrigerant of the present disclosure may further comprise additional refrigerants in addition to the above-described refrigerant as long as the properties and effects described above are not impaired. In this respect, the refrigerant of the present disclosure according to one embodiment preferably comprises HFO-1132(E) and propane, and R32 and/or CO.sub.2 if necessary, in a total amount of 99.5 mass % or more, more preferably 99.75 mass % or more, still more preferably 99.9 mass % or more, further preferably 99.999 mass %, and most preferably 99.9999 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant. The refrigerant of the present disclosure may substantially consist only of HFO-1132(E) and propane, and R32 and/or CO.sub.2 if necessary, and in this case, the refrigerant of the present disclosure may also consist only of HFO-1132(E) and propane, and R32 and/or CO.sub.2 if necessary, and an unavoidable impurity. The refrigerant of the present disclosure may consist only of HFO-1132(E) and propane, and R32 and/or CO.sub.2 if necessary.

[0135] Additional refrigerants are not particularly limited and can be widely selected. The mixed refrigerant may contain one additional refrigerant, or two or more additional refrigerants.

[0136] Examples of the additional refrigerant include acetylene, HFO-1141, HFO-1123, HFC-143a, HFC-134a, Z-HFO-1132, HFO-1243zf, HFC-245cb, HCFC-1122, CFC-1113, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne, and R152a.

2. Refrigerant Composition

[0137] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant according to the present disclosure, and can be used for the same use as the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure can be further mixed with at least a refrigeration oil to thereby obtain a working fluid for a refrigerating machine.

[0138] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure further comprises at least one other component in addition to the refrigerant according to the present disclosure. The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise at least one of the following other components, if necessary. As described above, when the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure is used as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine, it is generally used as a mixture with at least a refrigeration oil. Therefore, it is preferable that the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure does not substantially comprise a refrigeration oil. Specifically, in the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure, the content of the refrigeration oil based on the entire refrigerant composition is preferably 1 mass % or less, and more preferably 0.1 mass % or less.

2.1. Water

[0139] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may contain a small amount of water. The water content of the refrigerant composition is preferably 0.1 mass % or less based on the entire refrigerant. A small amount of water contained in the refrigerant composition stabilizes double bonds in the molecules of unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds that can be present in the refrigerant, and makes it less likely that the unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds will be oxidized, thus increasing the stability of the refrigerant composition.

[0140] The composition of the present disclosure also includes a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising HFO-1132(E) and propane, and R32 and/or CO.sub.2 if necessary, and 0.1% or less of water.

2.2. Tracer

[0141] A tracer is added to the refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure at a detectable concentration so that when the refrigerant composition has been diluted, contaminated, or undergone other changes, the tracer can trace the changes.

[0142] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single tracer, or two or more tracers.

[0143] The tracer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used tracers.

[0144] Examples of tracers include hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorocarbons, fluorocarbons, deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O). The tracer is particularly preferably a hydrofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorocarbon, a fluorocarbon, or a fluoroether.

[0145] The following compounds are preferable as the tracer. [0146] FC-14 (tetrafluoromethane, CF.sub.4) [0147] HCC-40 (chloromethane, CH.sub.3Cl) [0148] HFC-23 (trifluoromethane, CHF.sub.3) [0149] HFC-41 (fluoromethane, CH.sub.3F) [0150] HFC-125 (pentafluoroethane, CF.sub.3CHF.sub.2) [0151] HFC-134a (1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2F) [0152] HFC-134 (1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CHF.sub.2) [0153] HFC-143 (1, 1, 2-trifluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CH.sub.2F) [0154] HFC-152a (1, 1-difluoroethane, CHF.sub.2CH.sub.3) [0155] HFC-152 (1,2-difluoroethane, CH.sub.2FCH.sub.2F) [0156] HFC-161 (fluoroethane, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2F) [0157] HFC-245fa (1, 1, 1, 3, 3-pentafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2) [0158] HFC-236fa (1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CH.sub.2CF.sub.3) [0159] HFC-236ea (1, 1, 1,2,3, 3-hexafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCHF.sub.2) [0160] HFC-227ea (1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane, CF.sub.3CHFCF.sub.3) [0161] HCFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane, CHClF.sub.2) [0162] HCFC-31 (chlorofluoromethane, CH.sub.2ClF) [0163] HFE-125 (trifluoromethyl-difluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCHF.sub.2) [0164] HFE-134a (trifluoromethyl-fluoromethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2F) [0165] HFE-143a (trifluoromethyl-methyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.3) [0166] HFE-227ea (trifluoromethyl-tetrafluoroethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCHFCF.sub.3) [0167] HFE-236fa (trifluoromethyl-trifluoroethyl ether, CF.sub.3OCH.sub.2CF.sub.3)

[0168] The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may comprise about 10 parts per million by weight (ppm) or more of tracers in total, based on the entire refrigerant composition. The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may also comprise about 1000 ppm or less of tracers in total, based on the entire refrigerant composition. The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may preferably comprise about 30 ppm or more and more preferably about 50 ppm or more of tracers in total, based on the entire refrigerant composition. The refrigerant composition of the present disclosure may preferably comprise about 500 ppm or less and about 300 ppm or less of tracer in total, based on the entire refrigerant composition.

2.3. Ultraviolet Fluorescent Dye

[0169] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single ultraviolet fluorescent dye, or two or more ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

[0170] The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used ultraviolet fluorescent dyes.

[0171] Examples of ultraviolet fluorescent dyes include naphthalimide, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthrene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives thereof. The ultraviolet fluorescent dye is particularly preferably either naphthalimide or coumarin, or both.

2.4. Stabilizer

[0172] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single stabilizer, or two or more stabilizers.

[0173] The stabilizer is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used stabilizers.

[0174] Examples of stabilizers include nitro compounds, ethers, and amines.

[0175] Examples of nitro compounds include aliphatic nitro compounds, such as nitromethane and nitroethane; and aromatic nitro compounds, such as nitro benzene and nitro styrene.

[0176] Examples of ethers include 1,4-dioxane.

[0177] Examples of amines include 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropylamine and diphenylamine.

[0178] Examples of stabilizers also include butylhydroxyxylene and benzotriazole.

[0179] The content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 mass % or more, and more preferably 0.05 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant. The content of the stabilizer is preferably 5 mass % or less, and more preferably 2 mass % or less, based on the entire refrigerant.

2.5. Polymerization Inhibitor

[0180] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single polymerization inhibitor, or two or more polymerization inhibitors.

[0181] The polymerization inhibitor is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used polymerization inhibitors.

[0182] Examples of polymerization inhibitors include 4-methoxy-1-naphthol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ether, dimethyl-t-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and benzotriazole.

[0183] The content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.01 mass % or more, and more preferably 0.05 mass % or more, based on the entire refrigerant. The content of the polymerization inhibitor is preferably 5 mass % or less, and more preferably 2 mass % or less, based on the entire refrigerant.

3. Refrigeration-Oil-Containing Working Fluid

[0184] The refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure comprises at least the refrigerant or refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure and a refrigeration oil, for use as a working fluid in a refrigerating machine. Specifically, the refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure is obtained by mixing a refrigeration oil used in a compressor of a refrigerating machine with the refrigerant or the refrigerant composition. The refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 10 mass % or more of refrigeration oil. The refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid generally comprises 50 mass % or less of refrigeration oil.

3.1. Refrigeration Oil

[0185] The refrigerant composition according to the present disclosure may comprise a single refrigeration oil, or two or more refrigeration oils.

[0186] The refrigeration oil is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used refrigeration oils. In this case, refrigeration oils that are superior in the action of increasing the miscibility with the mixture and the stability of the mixture, for example, are suitably selected as necessary.

[0187] The base oil of the refrigeration oil is preferably, for example, at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyol esters (POE), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE).

[0188] The refrigeration oil may further contain additives in addition to the base oil. The additive may be at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, extreme-pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, copper deactivators, rust inhibitors, oil agents, and antifoaming agents.

[0189] A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 5 cSt or more at 40 C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication. A refrigeration oil with a kinematic viscosity of 400 cSt or less at 40 C. is preferable from the standpoint of lubrication.

[0190] The refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may further optionally contain at least one additive. Examples of additives include compatibilizing agents described below.

3.2. Compatibilizing Agent

[0191] The refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise a single compatibilizing agent, or two or more compatibilizing agents.

[0192] The compatibilizing agent is not limited, and can be suitably selected from commonly used compatibilizing agents.

[0193] Examples of compatibilizing agents include polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizing agent is particularly preferably a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether.

3.3. Use

[0194] The refrigerant, the refrigerant composition, and the refrigeration-oil-containing working fluid of the present disclosure can be used as an alternative refrigerant for R12, R22, R134a, R404A, R407A, R407C, R407F, R407H, R410A, R413A, R417A, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D, R423A, R424A, R426A, R427A, R430A, R434A, R437A, R438A, R448A, R449A, R449B, R449C, R452A, R452B, R454A, R454B, R454C, R455A, R465A, R502, R507, R513A, R1234yf, or R1234ze.

4. Method for Operating Refrigerating Machine

[0195] The method for operating a refrigerating machine according to the present disclosure is a method for operating a refrigerating machine using the refrigerant according to the present disclosure.

[0196] Specifically, the method for operating a refrigerating machine according to the present disclosure comprises the step of circulating the refrigerant according to the present disclosure in a refrigerating machine.

5. Method for Suppressing Disproportionation Reaction

[0197] The method for suppressing the disproportionation reaction is a method for suppressing a disproportionation reaction of HFO-1132(E), comprising the step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0198] In the method for suppressing the disproportionation reaction of the present disclosure, particularly, it is possible to obtain an effect that the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1132 (E) does not occur even when the refrigerant pressure is 3.0 MPa and the refrigerant temperature is 150 C.

[0199] According to the method for suppressing a disproportionation reaction of the present disclosure, it is possible to operate a refrigeration cycle while suppressing a disproportionation reaction even in a refrigerating machine that is not specifically provided with a means for suppressing the disproportionation reaction.

6. Use for Suppressing Disproportionation Reaction

[0200] The use of the present disclosure is the use of propane, and/or R32, and/or CO.sub.2 for suppressing a disproportionation reaction of HFO-1132(E), wherein the suppression of the disproportionation reaction is carried out by mixing HFO-1132(E), propane, and/or R32, and/or CO.sub.2 at a mixing ratio of the refrigerant of the present disclosure.

[0201] In the use for suppressing the disproportionation reaction of the present disclosure, particularly, it is possible to obtain an effect that the disproportionation reaction of HFO-1132 (E) does not occur even when the refrigerant pressure is 3.0 MPa and the refrigerant temperature is 150 C.

[0202] The present disclosure provides a novel low-GWP mixed refrigerant.

Item 1.

[0203] A composition comprising a refrigerant, [0204] wherein the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)) and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E) and propane being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising: [0205] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 25.0 mass % to 29.2 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0206] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 30.7 mass % to 38.9 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0207] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 43.5 mass % to 48.5 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0208] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 51.2 mass % to 56.3 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0209] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 61.4 mass % to 66.8 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0210] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 72.4 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0211] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 20.6 mass % to 29.9 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0212] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 32.0 mass % to 37.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0213] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 42.2 mass % to 48.8 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0214] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 50.4 mass % to 57.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0215] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 62.3 mass % to 68.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0216] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 70.8 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0217] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 7.0 mass % to 9.7 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0218] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 10.4 mass % to 18.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0219] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 20.6 mass % to 29.4 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0220] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 31.3 mass % to 38.7 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; or [0221] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 40.6 mass % to 48.5 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0222] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 50.8 mass % to 58.8 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; [0223] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 60.1 mass % to 69.2 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane; or [0224] HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 70.3 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane.

Item 2.

[0225] The composition according to Item 1, wherein the refrigerant further comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,1-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132a), and 2 chloro-1, 1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124).

Item 3.

[0226] The composition according to Item 1 or 2, further comprising 0.1 mass % or less of water based on the entire composition.

Item 4.

[0227] The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R12, R22, R134a, R404A, R407A, R407C, R407F, R407H, R410A, R413A, R417A, R422A, R422B, R422C, R422D, R423A, R424A, R426A, R427A, R430A, R434A, R437A, R438A, R448A, R449A, R449B, R449C, R452A, R452B, R454A, R454B, R454C, R455A, R465A, R502, R507, R513A, R1234yf, or R1234ze.

Item 5.

[0228] A composition comprising a refrigerant, for operating a refrigeration cycle of air conditioning equipment for electric vehicles, [0229] wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E) and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E) and propane being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, [0230] a content of HFO-1132(E) is 20.6 to 75.0 mass % based on the total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane, [0231] a COP ratio relative to R1234yf is 99% or more, and [0232] a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R1234yf is 200% or more.

Item 6.

[0233] A composition comprising a refrigerant, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A, [0234] wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), difluoroethylene (R32) and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, [0235] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines CP, PQ, QR, RA, and AC that connect the following 5 points: [0236] point C (60.0, 40.0, 0.0), [0237] point P (73.1, 5.0, 21.9), [0238] point Q (10.0, 5.0, 85.0), [0239] point R (10.0, 44.2, 45.8), and [0240] point A (55.7, 44.3, 55.8), or
on the straight lines CP, QR, and RA (excluding the points A, C, P, and Q).

Item 7.

[0241] A composition comprising a refrigerant, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R1234yf and/or an alternative refrigerant for R404A, [0242] wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane, a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, [0243] when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 100 mass % are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines PQ, QR, KJ, and JP that connect the following 4 points: [0244] point P (73.1, 5.0, 21.9), [0245] point Q (10.0, 5.0, 85.0), [0246] point K (10.0, 21.9, 68.1), and [0247] point J (66.7, 22.1, 11.2), or
on the straight lines JP, QK, and KJ.

Item 8.

[0248] A composition comprising a refrigerant, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R410A, [0249] wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, [0250] when the mass % of CO.sub.2, HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by a, x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is (100-a) mass % are, when 0.0<a10.0, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines CD, DQ, QR, RA, and AC that connect the following 5 points: [0251] point C (60.0, a+40.0, 0.0), [0252] point D (75.0, 0, a+25.0), [0253] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), [0254] point R (10.0, 44.2, a+45.8), and [0255] point A (a+55.7, 44.3, 0.0), or
on the straight lines CD, QR, and RA (excluding the points A, C, D, and Q).

Item 9.

[0256] A composition comprising a refrigerant, for use as an alternative refrigerant for R1234yf, and/or an alternative refrigerant for R404A, [0257] wherein the refrigerant comprises HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2, a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 being 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, [0258] when the mass % of CO.sub.2, HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by a, x, y, and z, coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is (100-a) mass % are, when 0.0<a0.5, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KJ that connect the following 4 points: [0259] point J (66.7, 22.1, a+11.2), [0260] point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), [0261] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), and [0262] point K (10.0, 21.9, a+68.1), or
on the straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KJ, and [0263] the coordinates (x,y,z) are, when 0.5<a10.0, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KJ that connect the following 4 points: [0264] point J (0.0524a2+0.266a+66.58, 22.1, 0.0524a2-1.266a+11.32), [0265] point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), [0266] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), and [0267] point K (10.0, 21.9, a+68.1), or
on the straight lines JD, QK, and KJ.

Item 10.

[0268] A refrigeration apparatus comprising: [0269] a use side heat transfer cycle for circulating a use side refrigerant; [0270] a heat source side heat transfer cycle for circulating a heat source side refrigerant; and [0271] a cascade heat exchanger for performing heat exchange between the use side refrigerant and the heat source side refrigerant, [0272] wherein the heat source side refrigerant is the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 9.

Item 11.

[0273] A refrigeration method comprising a step of operating a refrigeration cycle using the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 9.

Item 12.

[0274] A refrigerator comprising the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 9 as a working fluid.

Item 13.

[0275] Use of the composition according to any one of Items 1 to 9 as a working fluid in a refrigerator.

[0276] The embodiments are described above; however, it will be understood that various changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

EXAMPLES

[0277] The present disclosure is described in more detail below with reference to Examples. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the Examples.

[0278] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), propane, and/or R32, and/or CO.sub.2 at mass % based on their sum shown in respective tables.

[0279] Each of these mixed refrigerants was examined for disproportionation reactions under the following test methods and conditions.

Test Method

[0280] A refrigerant composition to be tested was transferred into a test container and heated to 150 C., and then a voltage was applied to a Pt wire in the container to fuse the wire, thereby applying energy of 30 J to the refrigerant composition. The occurrence of the disproportionation reaction was determined by a rapid increase in pressure and temperature in the apparatus.

Test Conditions

[0281] Test container: 38 cc, made of stainless steel (SUS), [0282] Test temperature: 150 C. [0283] Pressure: 3 MPa

Evaluation Criteria

[0284] Non-explosion: the temperature or pressure after the fusion of the Pt wire is less than 2 times, and no rapid disproportionation reaction occurs. [0285] Explosion: the temperature or pressure after the fusion of the Pt wire reaches twice or more and a rapid disproportionation reaction occurs

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Experiment series 1 Experiment series 2 Experiment series 3 Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Item Unit 1-1 1-2 1-3 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 3-1 3-2 3-3 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 62.0 60.0 58.0 69.5 69.5 67.5 65.5 65.5 77.0 75.0 73.0 R32 mass % 38.0 40.0 42.0 20.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 22.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Propane mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5 12.5 12.5 14.5 12.5 23.0 25.0 27.0 disproportionation Explo- Non- Non- Explo- Explo- Non- Non- Non- Explo- Non- Non- reaction (3 Mpa) sion explo- explo- sion sion explo- explo- explo- sion explo- explo- sion sion sion sion sion sion sion

[0286] The results in Table 1 and FIG. 1 indicate that the mixture of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane does not undergo a disproportionation reaction even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant in a region below a disproportionation border line shown in the ternary diagram of FIG. 1.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Experiment series1 Experiment series2 Experiment series3 Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Item Unit 1-4 1-5 1-6 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 3-4 3-5 3-6 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 62.0 60.0 58.0 69.5 69.5 67.5 65.5 65.5 77.0 75.0 73.0 R32 mass % 37.5 39.5 41.5 19.75 17.75 19.75 19.75 21.75 0.0 0.0 0.0 Propane mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.25 12.25 12.25 14.25 12.25 22.5 24.5 26.5 CO.sub.2 mass % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Disproportionation Explo- Non- Non- Explo- Explo- Non- Non- Non- Explo- Non- Non- reaction(3 Mpa) sion explo- explo- sion sion explo- explo- explo- sion explo- explo- sion sion sion sion sion sion sion

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Experiment series1 Experiment series2 Experiment series3 Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Item Unit 1-7 1-8 1-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 3-7 3-8 3-9 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 62.0 60.0 58.0 69.5 69.5 67.5 65.5 65.5 77.0 75.0 73.0 R32 mass % 33.0 35.0 37.0 17.50 15.50 17.50 17.50 19.50 0.0 0.0 0.0 Propane mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.00 10.00 10.00 12.00 10.00 18.0 20.0 22.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Disproportionation Explo- Non- Non- Explo- Explo- Non- Non- Non- Explo- Non- Non- reaction(3 Mpa) sion explo- explo- sion sion explo- explo- explo- sion explo- explo- sion sion sion sion sion sion sion

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Experiment series1 Experiment series2 Experiment series3 Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Sam. Item Unit 1-10 1-11 1-12 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19 3-10 3-11 3-12 HFO-1132 (E) mass % 62.0 60.0 58.0 69.5 69.5 67.5 65.5 65.5 77.0 75.0 73.0 R32 mass % 28.0 30.0 32.0 15.00 13.00 15.00 15.00 17.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 Propane mass % 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.50 7.50 7.50 9.50 7.50 13.0 15.0 17.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Disproportionation Explo- Non- Non- Explo- Explo- Non- Non- Non- Explo- Non- Non- reaction(3 Mpa) sion explo- explo- sion sion explo- explo- explo- sion explo- explo- sion sion sion sion sion sion sion

[0287] The results in Tables 2, 3, and 4 and FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 indicate that the mixture of HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 does not undergo a disproportionation reaction even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant in regions below disproportionation border lines shown in the ternary diagrams of FIGS. 2, 3, and 4.

[0288] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), propane, and/or R32, and/or CO.sub.2 at mass % based on their sum shown in respective tables.

[0289] These mixed refrigerants were evaluated for various physical properties under the following test methods and test conditions.

[0290] The GWP of HFO-1132(E) was set to 1, and the GWP of mixed refrigerants was evaluated with the GWP of propane, R32, and CO.sub.2 based on the values stated in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), fourth report. The COP, refrigerating capacity, discharge temperature, and boiling point of mixed refrigerants were determined by performing theoretical refrigeration cycle calculations for the mixed refrigerants using the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (Refprop 10.0) under the following conditions. The physical property data of HFO-1132 (E) were determined from measured values.

[0291] Evaporating temperature: 5 C. [0292] Condensation temperature: 45 C. [0293] Superheating temperature: 5K [0294] Subcooling temperature: 5K [0295] Compressor efficiency: 70%

[0296] Evaporation temperature: 30 C. [0297] Condensation temperature: 30 C. [0298] Superheating temperature: 5K [0299] Subcooling temperature: 5K [0300] Compressor efficiency: 70%

[0301] Evaporation temperature: 40 C. [0302] Condensation temperature: 40 C. [0303] Superheating temperature: 20K [0304] Subcooling temperature: OK [0305] Compressor efficiency: 70%

[0306] The coefficient of performance (COP)was determined according to the following equation.

COP=(refrigerating capacity)/power consumption

[0307] In Tables 5 and 6, COP ratio, Refrigerating capacity ratio and Discharge pressure ratio each indicate a proportion (%) relative to R410A.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Com. Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 1-1 Ex. 1-2 Ex. 1-3 Ex. 1-4 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 E-HFO-1132 mass % R410A 0.0 10.0 20.0 25.0 29.2 30.7 38.9 43.5 48.5 Propene mass % 100.0 90.0 80.0 75.0 70.8 69.3 62.1 58.5 51.5 GWP 2088 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 100.0 106.2 104.9 104.1 103.7 103.25 103.1 102.0 101.3 100.5 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100.0 58.4 64.4 70.2 73.0 75.2 76.0 80.0 82.3 84.7 capacity ratio R410A) Condensation K 0.1 0.0 3.9 5.8 6.2 6.2 6.2 5.6 5.0 4.2 glide Disproportionation reaction(3 Mpa)

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Item Unit Ex. 1-7 Ex. 1-8 Ex. 1-9 Ex. 1-10 Ex. 1-11 Ex. 1-12 Com. Ex. 1-5 E-HFO-1132 mass % 51.2 58.3 61.4 66.8 72.4 75.0 80.0 Propene mass % 48.8 43.7 38.8 33.2 27.6 25.0 20.0 GWP 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 COP ratio % (relative to 100.13 99.50 99.04 98.75 98.60 98.58 98.63 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 85.9 88.3 90.6 92.9 95.0 95.9 97.3 capacity ratio R410A) Condensation K 3.7 2.9 2.0 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 glide Disproportionation Non- Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion explosion

[0308] The results in Tables 5 and 6 indicate the following.

[0309] The refrigerant (1) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A of 73% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R410A of 103.25% or more.

[0310] The refrigerant (2) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A of 76% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R410A of 102% or more.

[0311] The refrigerant (3) has condensation glide of 5.0 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R410A of 100.5% or more.

[0312] The refrigerant (4) has condensation glide of 3.75 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R410A of 99.5% or more.

[0313] The refrigerant (5) has condensation glide of 2.0 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R410A of 98.75% or more.

[0314] The refrigerant (6) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A of 95% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0315] Besides, influence of mixture of various impurities was evaluated as shown in Table 7.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Item Unit Com. Ex. 1-1 Ex. 1-13 Ex. 1-14 Ex. 1-15 E-HFO-1132 mass % R410A 65.0 65.0 65.0 Propane mass % 35.0 34.6 34.6 R1132a mass % 0.0 0.4 0.0 R124 mass % 0.0 0.0 0.4 GWP 2088 2 2 4 COP ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.0 98.8 98.8 97.7 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R410A) 100.0 92.1 92.4 93.6 Condensation glide K 0.1 1.4 1.4 1.7 Disproportionation reaction(3 Mpa) Non-explosion Non-explosion

[0316] The results in Table 7 indicate that the refrigerant of the present disclosure may be an alternative refrigerant for R410A comprising HFO-1132(E) and propane in an amount of 99.5% or more, comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 25.0 mass % to 75 mass % based on a total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane, and comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of HFO-1132a and R124 in an amount of 0.5 mass % or less. This refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R410A of 73% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0317] The results in Table 7 indicate that the refrigerant of the present disclosure comprises HFO-1132(E) and propane in an amount of 99.5% or more, and may comprise at least one member selected from HFO-1132a and R124 in an amount of 0.5 mass % or less.

[0318] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and propane at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 8 and 9.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 2-1 Ex. 2-2 Ex. 2-3 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 E-HFO-1132 mass % R1234yf 0.0 10.0 20.6 29.9 32.0 37.0 42.2 48.8 50.4 Propane mass % 100.0 90.0 79.4 70.1 68.0 63.0 57.8 51.2 49.6 GWP 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 100.0 104.3 103.2 102.6 102.0 101.9 101.5 101.0 100.25 100.1 R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative to 100.0 164.4 181.4 200.0 216.4 220.0 228.5 237.0 247.5 250.0 capacity ratio R1234yf) Condensation K 0.0 0.0 4.2 6.3 6.7 6.6 6.2 5.6 4.5 4.2 glide Boiling point C. 29.5 42.1 48.1 51.5 53.2 53.5 54.1 54.5 54.9 56.0 Disproportionation reaction(3 Mpa)

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Item Unit Ex. 2-8 Ex. 2-9 Ex. 2-10 Ex. 2-11 Ex. 2-12 Com. Ex. 2-4 E-HFO-1132 mass % 57.0 62.3 68.0 70.8 75.0 80.0 Propane mass % 43.0 37.7 32.0 29.2 25.0 20.0 GWP 2 2 2 2 2 1 COP ratio % (relative to 99.5 99.2 99.1 99.1 99.0 99.0 R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative to 260.4 268.7 276.7 280.0 283.7 286.3 capacity ratio R1234yf) Condensation K 30 2.0 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 glide Boiling point C. 55.2 55.4 55.5 55.6 55.6 55.5 Disproportionation Non- Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion explosion

[0319] These mixed refrigerants were evaluated for various physical properties under the same test methods and test conditions as those described above.

[0320] In Tables 8 and 9, COP ratio, and Refrigerating capacity ratio each indicate a proportion (%) relative to R1234yf.

[0321] The results in Tables 8 and 9 indicate the following.

[0322] The refrigerant (7) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R1234yf of 200% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R1234yf of 102.0% or more.

[0323] The refrigerant (8) has condensation glide of 6.6 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R1234yf of 101.5% or more.

[0324] The refrigerant (9) has condensation glide of 5.6 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R1234yf of 100.25% or more.

[0325] The refrigerant (10) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R1234yf of 250% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R1234yf of 99.5% or more.

[0326] The refrigerant (11) has condensation glide of 2.0 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R1234yf of 99.1% or more.

[0327] The refrigerant (12) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R1234yf of 280% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0328] Besides, influence of mixture of various impurities was evaluated as shown in Table 6.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Item Unit Com. Ex. 2-1 Ex. 2-13 Ex. 2-14 Ex. 2-15 E-HFO-1132 mass % R1234yf 65.0 65.0 65.0 Propane mass % 35.0 34.6 34.6 R1132a mass % 0.0 0.4 0.0 R124 mass % 0.0 0.0 0.4 GWP 4 2 2 4 COP ratio % (relative to R1234yf) 100.0 99.1 99.1 98.3 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R1234yf) 100.0 272.7 273.7 279.1 Condensation glide K 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.9 Boiling point C. 29.5 55.5 55.6 56.6 Disproportionation reaction(3 Mpa) Non-explosion Non-explosion

[0329] The results in Table 10 indicate that the refrigerant of the present disclosure may be an alternative refrigerant for R1234yf comprising HFO-1132(E) and propane in an amount of 99.5% or more, comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 20.6 mass % to 75.0 mass % based on a total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane, and comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of HFO-1132a and R124 in an amount of 0.5 mass % or less. This refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R1234yf of 200% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0330] The results in Table 10 indicate that the refrigerant of the present disclosure comprises HFO-1132(E) and propane in an amount of 99.5% or more, and may comprise at least one member selected from HFO-1132a and R124 in an amount of 0.5 mass % or less.

[0331] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E) and propane at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 11 and 12.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Item Unit Com. Ex. 3-1 Com. Ex. 3-2 Ex. 3-1 Ex. 3-2 Ex. 3-3 Ex. 3-4 Ex. 3-5 Ex. 3-6 Ex. 3-7 Ex. 3-8 E-HFO-1132 mass % R404A 0.0 7.0 9.7 10.4 18.0 20.6 29.4 31.3 38.7 Propane mass % 100.0 93.0 90.1 89.6 82.0 79.4 70.6 68.7 61.3 GWP 3922 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 100.0 113.7 112.6 112.2 112.1 111.0 110.7 109.4 109.2 108.0 R404A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100.0 94.3 100.0 102.4 103.0 109.6 112.0 120.2 122.0 129.2 capacity ratio R404A) Discharge % (relative to 100 75 81 84 84 91 93 100 102 108 pressure ratio R404A) Condensation K 0.3 0.0 3.1 4.0 4.2 5.8 6.1 6.4 6.4 5.8 glide Disproportionation reaction(3 Mpa)

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Item Unit Ex. 3-9 Ex. 3-10 Ex. 3-11 Ex. 3-12 Ex. 3-13 Ex. 3-13 Ex. 3-14 Com. Ex. 3-3 E-HFO-1132 mass % 40.6 48.5 50.8 58.8 60.1 69.2 70.3 75.0 Propane mass % 59.4 51.5 49.2 41.2 59.9 30.8 29.7 25.0 GWP 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 COP ratio % (relative to 107.7 106.5 106.1 105.0 106.2 104.2 104.2 104.0 R404A) Refrigerating % (relative to 131.0 138.5 140.8 147.9 140.0 156.3 157.0 159.2 capacity ratio R404A) Discharge % (relative to 109 115 117 123 117 130 131 133 pressure ratio R404A) Condensation K 5.6 4.4 4.0 2.5 4.1 0.9 0.8 0.4 glide Disproportionation Non- Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion explosion

[0332] These mixed refrigerants were evaluated for various physical properties under the same test methods and test conditions as those described above.

[0333] In Tables 11 and 12, COP ratio, Refrigerating capacity ratio, and Discharge pressure ratio each indicate a proportion (%) relative to R404A.

[0334] The results in Tables 11 and 12 indicate the following.

[0335] The refrigerant (13) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 100% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 112.2% or more.

[0336] The refrigerant (14) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 103% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 111% or more.

[0337] The refrigerant (15) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 112% or more, and a discharge pressure ratio relative to R404A of 100% or more.

[0338] The refrigerant (16) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 122% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 108.0% or more.

[0339] The refrigerant (17) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 131% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 106.5% or more.

[0340] The refrigerant (18) has condensation glide of 4.0 K or less, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 105% or more.

[0341] The refrigerant (19) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 140% or more, and a COP ratio relative to R404A of 104.2% or more.

[0342] The refrigerant (20) has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 157% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0343] Besides, influence of mixture of various impurities was evaluated as shown in Table 13.

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Item Unit Com. Ex. 3-1 Ex. 3-13 Ex. 3-14 Ex. 3-15 E-HFO-1132 mass % R404A 65.0 65.0 65.0 Propane mass % 35.0 34.6 34.6 R1132a mass % 0.0 0.4 0.0 R124 mass % 0.0 0.0 0.4 GWP 3922 2 2 4 COP ratio % (relative to R404A) 100.0 104.4 104.4 103.0 Refrigerating capacity ratio % (relative to R404A) 100.0 153.3 153.8 156.3 Condensation glide K 0.3 1.5 1.5 1.8 Discharge pressure ratio % (relative to R404A) 100 128 128 131 Disproportionation reaction(3 Mpa) Non-explosion Non-explosion

[0344] The results in Table 13 indicate that the refrigerant of the present disclosure may be an alternative refrigerant for R404A comprising HFO-1132(E) and propane in an amount of 99.5% or more, comprising HFO-1132(E) in an amount of 7.0 mass % to 75 mass % based on a total amount of HFO-1132(E) and propane, and comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of HFO-1132a, R143a, R134a, R124, and R152a in an amount of 0.5 mass % or less. This refrigerant has a refrigerating capacity ratio relative to R404A of 100% or more, and a disproportionation reaction does not occur even at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant.

[0345] The results in Table 13 indicate that the refrigerant of the present disclosure may further comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of 1,1-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132a) and 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124).

[0346] Compositions obtained by mixing the respective components in proportions shown in Table 10 were evaluated for a content of an acid content (acid component) and the appearance respectively as follows.

[0347] In the stability test of the composition, the acid content of the gas was analyzed by the following method. In the cooled tube, the gas remaining in the tube was completely solidified by using liquid nitrogen. After that, the tube was opened and gradually thawed to recover the gas in the Tedlar bag. 5 g of pure water was injected into the Tedlar bag so as to extract the acid into pure water while making contact with the recovered gas well. The extract was detected by ion chromatography to measure the content (mass ppm) of a fluoride ion (F).

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 Appearance Ex. 2-13, 3-14 Composition Amount of Amount of Acid (confirmation of Ex./ E-HFO-1132 Propane water added oxygen added content presence/absence No. Com. Ex. (mass %) (mass %) (mass ppm) (mol %) (mass ppm) of solid matter) 1 Ref. Ex. 4-1 65.0 35.0 0(N.D.) 0 <1 absent 2 Ref. Ex. 4-2 10 0 <1 absent 3 Ref. Ex. 4-3 100 0 <1 absent 4 Ref. Ex. 4-4 1000 0 <1 absent 5 Ref. Ex. 4-5 2000 0 <1 present 6 Com. Ex. 4-1 0(N.D.) 0.01 60 absent 7 Ex. 4-1 10 0.01 30 absent 8 Ex. 4-2 100 0.01 20 absent 9 Ex. 4-3 1000 0.01 <1 absent 10 Com. Ex. 4-2 2000 0.01 <1 present 11 Com. Ex. 4-3 0(N.D.) 0.1 150 absent 12 Ex. 4-4 10 0.1 70 absent 11 Ex. 4-5 100 0.1 40 absent 12 Ex. 4-6 1000 0.1 30 absent 13 Com. Ex. 4-4 2000 0.1 <1 present

[0348] As shown in Table 14, it was confirmed that an oxidative decomposition product was generated in the presence of 0.01 mol % or more of oxygen. Besides, it was understood that in the presence of 0.01 mol % or more of oxygen, if an amount of water added is at least 10 mass ppm or more, an amount of the oxidative decomposition product generated is suppressed. It is also understood that in the presence of 0.01 mol % or more of oxygen, if the amount of water added is less than 2000 mass ppm, generation of a solid matter is suppressed.

[0349] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 15 and 16.

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 Com. Ex. 4-1 Com. Ex. 4-2 Com. Ex. 4-3 Com. Ex. 4-4 Ex. 4-1 Ex. 4-2 Ex. 4-3 Item Unit Com. Ex. 1-1 C D A B P Q R E-HFO-1132 mass % R410A 60.0 75.0 55.7 0.0 73.1 10.0 10.0 R32 mass % 40.0 0.0 44.3 44.2 5.0 5.0 44.2 Propane mass % 0.0 25.0 0.0 55.8 21.9 85.0 45.8 GWP 2088 271 2 300 300 35 36 300 COP ratio % (relative to 100.0 100.6 98.6 100.8 96.4 98.05 103.7 94.9 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100.0 109.5 95.9 110.1 98.5 98.9 70.1 102.7 capacity ratio R410A)

TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 Com. Com. Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit Ex. 1-1 Ex. 4-5 Ex. 4-6 Ex. 4-7 Ex. 4-8 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-7 Ex. 4-9 E-HFO-1132 mass % R410A 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 mass % 5.0 15.0 25.0 35.0 5.0 150 25.0 350 50.0 Propane mass % 90.0 80.0 700 60.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 25.0 GWP 2088 37 104 171 238 36 103 171 235 339 COP ratio % (relative to 100.0 103.9 102.7 101.3 98.5 102.60 100.4 97.6 95.5 96.0 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 100.0 67.1 78.0 87.3 94.7 78.3 87.8 95.6 103.0 112.8 capacity ratio R410A) Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Item Unit 4-8 4-9 4-10 4-11 4-12 Ex. 4-9 4-9 4-13 4-14 4-15 E-HFO-1132 mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 R32 mass % 5.0 15.0 21.5 25.0 35.0 50.0 5.0 15.0 25.0 35.0 Propane mass % 50.0 40.0 33.5 30.0 20.0 5.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 GWP 36 103 147 170 237 338 36 103 170 237 COP ratio % (relative to 99.7 97.4 96.6 96.4 96.7 99.58 98.5 97.1 96.9 98.1 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 87.8 96.3 101.5 104.1 109.8 112.4 92.2 100.5 106.8 110.3 capacity ratio R410A) Item Unit Ex. 4-16 Com. Ex. 4-10 E-HFO-1132 mass % 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 5.0 20.0 Propane mass % 25.0 10.0 GWP 35 136 COP ratio % (relative to 98.0 98.2 R410A) Refrigerating % (relative to 98.0 106.1 capacity ratio R410A) Disproportionation Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion

[0350] As shown in Tables 15 and 16, and FIG. 5, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, if coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 100 mass % satisfy the following requirements, a disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant, a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R410A is 70% or more, and GWP is 300 or less: [0351] the coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines CP, PQ, QR, RA, and AC that connect the following 5 points: [0352] point C (60.0, 40.0, 0.0), [0353] point P (73.1, 5.0, 21.9), [0354] point Q (10.0, 5.0, 85.0), [0355] point R (10.0, 44.2, 45.8), and [0356] point A (55.7, 44.3, 55.8), or
on the straight lines CP, QR, and RA (excluding the points A, C, P, and Q).

[0357] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 17 and 18.

TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 Com. Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 5-1 Ex. 5-2 Ex. 5-3 Ex. 5-4 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-3 Item Unit Ex. 2-1 C D G H P Q K J E-HFO-1132 mass % R1234yf 60.0 75.0 77.9 0.0 73.1 10.0 10.0 68.7 R32 mass % 40.0 0.0 22.1 21.9 5.0 5.0 21.9 22.1 Propane mass % 0.0 25.0 0.0 78.1 21.9 85.0 68.1 11.2 GWP 4 271 2 150 150 35 36 150 150 COPratio % (relative 100.0 100.8 99.0 100.4 101.2 98.68 102.2 101.0 98.7 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 100.0 311.8 283.7 302.2 234.4 293.4 197.5 253.3 314.0 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Boiling point K 29.5 54.3 56.6 54.2 62.1 56.5 54.8 61.1 57.5

TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 Com. Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 5-5 Ex. 5-6 Ex. 5-7 Ex. 5-8 5-4 5-5 5-6 Ex. 5-9 5-7 5-8 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 45.0 45.0 R32 mass % 5.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 5.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 5.0 15.0 Propane mass % 90.0 80.0 75.0 70.0 70.0 60.0 58.0 50.0 50.0 40.0 GWP 37 104 137 171 36 103 137 171 36 103 COPratio % (relative 102.3 101.3 101.2 101.1 101.63 100.5 99.7 98.7 99.7 98.3 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 188.6 221.1 237.7 254.3 224.5 256.9 271.8 285.5 257.4 287.7 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Boiling point K 53.8 60.3 61.3 61.8 56.3 59.3 59.9 60.1 56.7 58.5 Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Com. Item Unit 5-9 Ex. 5-9 Ex. 5-10 5-10 5-11 Ex. 5-11 5-12 Ex. 5-12 E-HFO-1132 mass % 45.0 45.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 20.0 25.0 5.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 5.0 20.0 Propane mass % 35.0 30.0 35.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 25.0 10.0 GWP 137 170 35 103 136 170 35 136 COPratio % (relative 97.9 98.0 98.8 98.3 98.23 98.4 98.7 98.9 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 302.2 315.8 280.7 306.5 314.5 319.0 291.7 311.1 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Boiling point K 58.9 59.1 56.7 58.0 58.2 58.2 56.6 57.2 Disproportionation Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion

[0358] As shown in Tables 17 and 18, and FIG. 6, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, if coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 100 mass % satisfy the following requirements, a disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant, a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R1234yf is 197.5% or more, and GWP is 150 or less: [0359] the coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines PQ, QK, KJ, and JP that connect the following 4 points: [0360] point P (73.1, 5.0, 21.9), [0361] point Q (10.0, 5.0, 85.0), [0362] point K (10.0, 21.9, 68.1), and [0363] point J (66.7, 22.1, 11.2), or
on the straight lines JP, QK, and KJ.

[0364] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 19 and 20.

TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 Com. Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 6-1 Ex. 6-2 Ex. 6-3 Ex. 6-4 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-3 Item Unit Ex. 3-1 C D G H P Q K J E-HFO-1132 mass % R404A 60.0 75.0 77.9 0.0 73.1 10.0 10.0 66.7 R32 mass % 40.0 0.0 22.1 21.9 5.0 5.0 21.9 22.1 Propane mass % 0.0 25.0 0.0 78.1 21.9 85.0 68.1 11.2 GWP 392.2 271 2 150 150 35 36 150 150 COPratio % (relative 100.0 107.9 104.0 107.0 107.7 103.51 110.7 106.6 103.9 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.0 177.0 159.2 170.5 126.8 164.3 110.3 137.5 176.1 capacity ratio to R404A)

TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Com. Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 6-5 Ex. 6-6 Ex. 6-7 Ex. 6-8 6-4 6-5 6-6 Ex. 6-9 6-7 6-8 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 45.0 R32 mass % 5.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 5.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 Propane mass % 90.0 80.0 75.0 70.0 70.0 60.0 55.0 50.0 60.0 50.0 GWP 37 104 137 171 36 103 137 171 103 36 COPratio % (relative 111.4 108.7 107.6 106.5 108.67 106.2 105.1 104.0 106.2 105.6 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 105.9 120.9 128.9 137.4 124.3 141.6 150.5 159.4 141.6 143.9 capacity ratio to R404A) Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Com. Item Unit 6-9 Ex. 6-9 Ex. 6-10 6-10 6-11 Ex. 6-11 6-12 Ex. 6-12 E-HFO-1132 mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 70.0 R32 mass % 15.0 20.0 25.0 5.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 5.0 Propane mass % 40.0 35.0 30.0 35.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 25.0 GWP 103 137 170 35 103 136 170 35 COPratio % (relative 103.3 102.6 102.5 103.8 102.89 102.9 103.3 103.5 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 161.1 169.7 177.7 157.5 172.0 176.5 179.0 163.6 capacity ratio to R404A) Disproportionation Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion

[0365] As shown in Tables 19 and 20, and FIG. 7, when the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, if coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is 100 mass % satisfy the following requirements, a disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 Mpa and 150 C. of the refrigerant, a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R404A is 110% or more, and GWP is 150 or less: [0366] the coordinates (x,y,z) are within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines PQ, QK, KJ, and JP that connect the following 4 points: [0367] point P (73.1, 5.0, 21.9), [0368] point Q (10.0, 5.0, 85.0), [0369] point K (10.0, 21.9, 68.1), and [0370] point J (66.7, 22.1, 11.2), or
on the straight lines JP, QK, and KJ.

[0371] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 21, 22 and 23.

TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Com. Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 7-1 7-1 Ex. 7-2 Ex. 7-3 7-2 7-3 Item Unit Ex. 1-1 C D A B Q R E-HFO-1132 mass % R410A 60.0 75.0 55.2 0.0 10.0 10.0 R32 mass % 39.5 0.0 44.3 44.2 0.0 44.2 Propane mass % 0.0 24.5 0.0 55.3 89.5 45.3 CO.sub.2 mass % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 GWP 2088 267 1 300 300 3 300 COPratio % (relative 100.0 100.5 98.5 100.7 96.2 104.69 94.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.0 110.1 96.6 110.8 99.1 65.2 103.4 capacity ratio to R410A) Com. Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 7-4 Ex. 7-5 Ex. 7-6 Ex. 7-7 7-4 7-5 7-6 7-7 Ex. 7-8 7-8 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 45.0 R32 mass % 0.0 15.0 25.0 40.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 0.0 Propane mass % 94.5 79.5 69.5 54.5 74.5 59.5 49.5 34.5 24.5 54.5 CO.sub.2 mass % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 GWP 3 104 171 272 2 103 170 271 338 2 COPratio % (relative 105.1 102.6 101.2 96.6 103.50 100.2 97.4 95.3 95.9 100.8 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 62.2 78.8 88.0 98.5 73.8 88.5 96.3 107.6 113.5 83.8 capacity ratio to R410A) Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit 7-10 7-11 Ex. 7-9 7-12 7-13 7-14 7-15 7-16 7-17 Ex. 7-10 E-HFO-1132 mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 25.0 40.0 50.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 40.0 0.0 5.0 20.0 Propane mass % 29.5 14.5 4.5 44.5 29.5 19.5 4.5 29.5 24.5 9.5 CO.sub.2 mass % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 GWP 170 271 338 2 103 170 271 2 35 136 COPratio % (relative 96.33 97.2 99.6 99.47 97.0 96.9 99.3 98.5 97.9 98.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 104.9 112.2 113.0 88.4 101.2 107.6 111.4 94.9 98.8 106.8 capacity ratio to R410A) Disproportionation Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion

TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Com. Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 7-11 7-18 Ex. 7-12 Ex. 7-13 7-19 7-20 Item Unit Ex. 1-1 C D A B Q R E-HFO-1132 mass % R410A 60.0 75.0 50.7 0.0 0.0 10.0 R32 mass % 35.0 0.0 44.3 44.2 0.0 44.2 Propane mass % 0.0 20.0 0.0 50.8 85.0 40.8 CO.sub.2 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP 2088 237 1 300 300 3 300 COPratio % (relative 100.0 99.3 97.4 99.6 94.1 102.74 93.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 10.0 116.1 103.9 117.6 105.1 72.7 10.1 capacity ratio to R410A) Com. Com. Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit Ex. 7-14 Ex. 7-15 Ex. 7-16 Ex. 7-17 Ex. 7-18 7-21 7-22 7-23 7-24 Ex. 7-19 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 250 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 mass % 0.0 15.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 Propane mass % 90.0 75.0 65.0 50.0 40.0 70.0 56.0 45.0 30.0 20.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP 3 104 171 272 339 2 103 170 271 338 COPratio % (relative 102.9 101.5 99.6 94.3 92.85 101.8 98.4 95.6 94.0 95.2 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 69.6 85.9 94.6 104.5 111.8 81.2 95.3 103.0 114.4 119.7 capacity ratio to R410A) Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit 7-25 7-26 7-27 7-28 7-29 7-30 7-31 7-32 7-33 Ex. 7-20 E-HFO-1132 mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 0.0 15.0 25.0 40.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 5.0 20.0 Propane mass % 50.0 35.0 25.0 10.0 40.0 25.0 15.0 25.0 20.0 5.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP 2 104 170 271 2 103 170 2 35 136 COPratio % (relative 99.0 95.87 95.4 96.9 97.86 96.0 97.2 97.3 96.9 97.9 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 91.0 104.2 111.8 118.3 95.8 108.3 115.2 102.3 105.9 113.2 capacity ratio to R410A) Disproportionation Non- Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion explosion

TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Com. Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 7-21 7-34 Ex. 7-22 Ex. 7-23 7-35 7-36 Item Unit Ex. 1-1 C D A B Q R E-HFO-1132 mass % R410A 60.0 75.0 45.7 0.0 10.0 10.0 R32 mass % 30.0 0.0 44.3 44.2 0.0 44.2 Propane mass % 0.0 15.0 0.0 45.8 80.0 35.8 CO.sub.2 mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP 2088 203 1 300 300 3 300 COPratio % (relative 100.0 97.9 96.3 96.2 91.8 101.16 90.3 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.0 123.0 112.7 125.5 112.3 81.7 117.6 capacity ratio to R410A) Com. Com. Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit Ex. 7-24 Ex. 7-25 Ex. 7-26 Ex. 7-27 Ex. 7-28 7-37 7-38 7-39 7-40 Ex. 7-29 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 R32 mass % 0.0 15.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 40.0 50.0 Propane mass % 85.0 70.0 60.0 45.0 35.0 68.0 50.0 40.0 25.0 15.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP 3 104 171 272 339 2 103 170 271 338 COPratio % (relative 101.3 100.0 97.4 92.3 91.76 99.9 96.1 93.6 93.4 94.4 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 78.6 94.2 102.1 112.0 120.2 90.0 103.3 11.1 122.9 127.2 capacity ratio to R410A) Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit 7-41 7-42 7-43 7-44 7-45 7-46 7-47 7-48 7-49 Ex. 7-30 E-HFO-1132 mass % 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 55.0 55.0 55.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 0.0 15.0 25.0 40.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 5.0 15.0 Propane mass % 45.0 30.0 20.0 5.0 35.0 20.0 10.0 20.0 15.0 5.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP 2 103 170 271 2 103 170 1 35 102 COPratio % (relative 96.9 94.37 94.3 96.7 96.05 94.8 95.5 96.0 95.8 96.7 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.8 112.9 120.1 125.7 104.7 116.8 122.0 111.2 114.5 119.5 capacity ratio to R410A) Disproportionation Non- Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion explosion

[0372] Besides, assuming that a content of CO.sub.2 was a mass %, respective points of x=E-HFO-1132, y=R32, and z=propane in a ternary diagram were obtained by the least squares method as shown in Table 24.

TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Pont C Point D a = CO.sub.2 0.0 0.5 5.0 10.0 a = CO.sub.2 0.0 0.5 5.0 10.0 x = E-HFO-1132 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 x = E-HFO-1132 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 y = R32 40.0 39.5 35.0 30.0 y = R32 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 z = Propane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 z = Propane 25.0 24.5 20.0 15.0 Approximation for x with a 60.0 Approximation for x with a 75.0 Approximation for y with a a + 40.0 Approximation for y with a 0.0 Approximation for z with a 0.0 Approximation for z with a a + 25.0 Pont Q Point R a = CO.sub.2 0.0 0.5 5.0 10.0 a = CO.sub.2 0.0 0.5 5.0 10.0 x = E-HFO-1132 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 x = E-HFO-1132 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 y = R32 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 y = R32 44.2 44.2 44.2 44.2 z = Propane 90.0 89.5 85.0 80.0 z = Propane 45.8 45.3 40.8 35.8 Approximation for x with a 10.0 Approximation for x with a 10.0 Approximation for y with a 0.0 Approximation for y with a 44.2 Approximation for z with a a + 90.0 Approximation for z with a a + 45.8 Point A a = CO.sub.2 0.0 0.5 5.0 10.0 x = E-HFO-1132 55.7 55.2 50.7 45.7 y = R32 44.3 44.3 44.3 44.3 z = Propane 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Approximation for x with a a + 55.7 Approximation for y with a 44.3 Approximation for z with a 0.0

[0373] Based on Tables 21 to 23, and FIGS. 7 to 9, when the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoroethylene (R32), propane, and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), and a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 is 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, the content of CO.sub.2 is a mass %, and the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, if coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is (100-a) mass % satisfy the following requirements, a disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 Mpa and 150 C., a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R410A is 65.0% or more, and GWP is 300 or less: [0374] the coordinates (x,y,z) are, when 0.0<a10.0, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines CD, DQ, QR, RA, and AC that connect the following 5 points: [0375] point C (60.0, a+40.0, 0.0), [0376] point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), [0377] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), [0378] point R (10.0, 44.2, a+45.8), and [0379] point A (a+55.7, 44.3, 0.0), or
on the straight lines CD, QR, and RA (excluding the points A, C, D, and Q).

[0380] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 25, 26 and 27.

TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Com. Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 8-1 8-1 Ex. 8-2 Ex. 8-3 8-2 8-3 8-4 Item Unit Ex. 2-1 C D G H Q K J E-HFO-1132 mass % R1234yf 60.0 75.0 77.4 0.0 10.0 10.0 66.7 R32 mass % 39.5 0.0 22.1 21.9 0.0 21.9 22.1 Propane mass % 0.0 24.5 0.0 77.6 89.5 67.6 10.7 CO.sub.2 mass % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 GWP 4 267 1 150 150 3 150 150 COPratio % (relative 100.0 100.7 99.4 100.3 101.1 104.26 101.0 98.7 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 100.0 314.0 287.6 304.5 236.8 185.4 258.7 315.9 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 8-4 Ex. 8-5 Ex. 8-6 8-5 8-6 Ex. 8-7 8-7 8-8 Ex. 8-8 8-9 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 55.0 R32 mass % 0.1 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 Propane mass % 94.5 79.5 69.5 74.5 59.5 49.5 54.5 39.5 29.5 44.5 CO.sub.2 mass % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 GWP 3 104 171 2 103 170 2 103 170 2 COPratio % (relative 103.4 101.3 101.0 102.2 100.34 98.6 100.5 98.2 97.9 99.5 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 174.9 223.4 256.7 210.1 259.3 287.9 243.9 290.2 318.3 259.8 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit 8-10 Ex. 8-9 8-11 8-12 Ex. 8-10 E-HFO-1132 mass % 55.0 55.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 15.0 25.0 0.0 5.0 20.0 Propane mass % 29.5 19.5 29.5 24.5 9.5 CO.sub.2 mass % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 GWP 103 170 2 35 136 COPratio % (relative 98.2 98.09 99.0 98.6 98.8 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 304.8 322.5 281.6 294.1 313.0 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Disproportionation Non- Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion explosion

TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Com. Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 8-11 8-13 Ex. 8-12 Ex. 8-13 8-14 8-15 8-16 Item Unit Ex. 2-1 C D G H Q K J E-HFO-1132 mass % R1234yf 60.0 75.0 72.9 0.0 10.0 10.0 66.6 R32 mass % 36.0 0.0 22.1 21.9 0.0 21.9 22.1 Propane mass % 0.0 20.0 0.0 73.1 85.0 63.1 6.3 CO.sub.2 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP 4 237 1 150 150 3 150 150 COPratio % (relative 100.0 99.5 98.0 99.4 100.7 101.46 100.0 98.3 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 100.0 334.1 308.6 326.6 259.6 204.2 278.4 334.1 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Boiling point C. 29.5 54.9 55.1 54.8 62.4 49.4 61.5 57.9 Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 8-14 Ex. 8-15 Ex. 8-16 8-17 8-18 Ex. 8-17 8-19 8-20 Ex. 8-18 8-21 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 55.0 R32 mass % 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 Propane mass % 90.0 75.0 65.0 70.0 55.0 45.0 50.0 35.0 25.0 40.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP 3 104 171 2 103 170 2 103 170 2 COPratio % (relative 101.6 100.7 100.2 101.0 99.12 97.2 99.1 97.2 97.2 98.3 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 194.9 245.8 279.4 232.2 281.9 310.2 266.9 314.7 341.5 283.7 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Boiling point C. 47.1 60.8 62.1 53.4 59.8 60.4 55.3 58.9 59.4 55.8 Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit 8-22 Ex. 8-19 8-23 8-24 Ex. 8-20 E-HFO-1132 mass % 58.0 55.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 15.0 25.0 0.0 5.0 20.0 Propane mass % 25.0 25.0 25.0 20.0 5.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP 103 170 2 35 136 COPratio % (relative 97.4 97.46 98.0 97.7 98.5 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 328.2 342.2 305.2 316.4 331.0 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Boiling point C. 58.6 58.9 56.1 57.1 57.5 Disproportionation Non- Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion explosion

TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Com. Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 8-19 8-22 Ex. 8-20 Ex. 8-21 8-23 8-24 8-25 Item Unit Ex. 2-1 C D G H Q K J E-HFO-1132 mass % R1234yf 60.0 75.0 67.9 0.0 10.0 10.0 64.0 R32 mass % 30.0 0.0 22.1 21.9 0.0 21.9 22.1 Propane mass % 0.0 15.0 0.0 68.1 80.0 58.1 3.9 CO.sub.2 mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP 4 203 1 150 150 3 150 150 COPratio % (relative 100.0 98.4 96.9 98.3 99.9 100.19 98.7 97.6 to R410A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.0 358.0 335.8 353.1 286.7 229.8 304.9 358.1 capacity ratio to R410A) Boiling point C. 29.5 54.9 56.1 54.8 62.4 49.4 61.5 57.9 Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 8-22 Ex. 8-23 Ex. 8-24 8-26 8-27 Ex. 8-25 8-28 8-29 Ex. 8-26 8-30 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 55.0 R32 mass % 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 Propane mass % 85.0 70.0 60.0 65.0 50.0 40.0 45.0 30.0 20.0 35.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP 3 104 171 2 103 170 2 103 170 2 COPratio % (relative 100.2 99.9 98.9 99.6 97.51 95.6 97.5 96.2 96.2 96.9 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 219.7 273.0 305.7 259.2 303.9 338.1 296.3 345.0 367.9 313.6 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Boiling point C. 47.1 60.8 62.1 53.4 59.8 60.4 55.3 58.9 59.4 55.8 Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit 8-31 Ex. 8-27 8-32 8-33 Ex. 8-28 E-HFO-1132 mass % 55.0 55.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 15.0 25.0 0.0 5.0 15.0 Propane mass % 20.0 10.0 20.0 15.0 5.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP 103 170 1 35 102 COPratio % (relative 96.4 96.80 96.9 96.7 97.4 to R1234yf) Refrigerating % (relative 355.6 365.6 333.5 343.2 352.6 capacity ratio to R1234yf) Boiling point C. 58.6 58.9 56.1 57.1 57.5 Disproportionation Non- Non- Explosion reaction(3 Mpa) explosion explosion

[0381] Besides, assuming that the content of CO.sub.2 was a mass %, respective points of x=E-HFO-1132, y=R32, and z=propane in a ternary diagram were obtained by the least squares method as shown in Table 28.

TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 Point K Point J a = CO.sub.2 0.0 0.5 5.0 10.0 a = CO.sub.2 0.0 0.5 0.5 5.0 10.0 x = E-HFO-1132 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 x = E-HFO-1132 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.6 64.0 y = R32 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 y = R32 22.1 22.1 22.1 22.1 22.1 z = Propane 68.1 67.6 63.1 58.1 z = Propane 11.2 10.7 10.7 6.3 3.9 Approximation for x with a 10.0 Approximation for x with a 66.7 0.0524a.sup.2 + 0.266a + 66.58 Approximation for y with a 21.9 Approximation for y with a 22.1 22.1 Approximation for z with a a + 68.1 Approximation for z with a a + 11.2 0.0524a.sup.2 + 1.266a + 11.32

[0382] Based on Tables 25 to 28, and FIGS. 10 to 12, when the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoroethylene (R32), propane, and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 is 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, the content of CO.sub.2 is a mass %, the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, if coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is (100-a) mass % satisfy the following requirements, a disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 Mpa and 150 C., a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R1234yf is 185.0% or more, and GWP is 150 or less: [0383] the coordinates (x,y,z) are, when 0.0<a0.5, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KJ that connect the following 4 points: [0384] point J (66.7, 22.1, a+11.2), [0385] point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), [0386] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), and [0387] point K (10.0, 21.9, a+68.1), or on the straight lines JD, QK, and KJ, and [0388] the coordinates (x,y,z) are, when 0.5<a10.0, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KJ that connect the following 4 points: [0389] point J (0.0524a2+0.266a+66.58, 22.1, 0.0524a2-1.266a+11.32), [0390] point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), [0391] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), and [0392] point K (10.0, 21.9, a+68.1), or
on the straight lines JD, QK, and KJ.

[0393] Mixed refrigerants were prepared by mixing HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 at mass % based on their sum shown in Tables 25, 26 and 27.

TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 29 Com. Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 9-1 9-1 Ex. 9-2 Ex. 9-3 9-2 9-3 9-4 Item Unit Ex. 3-1 C D G H Q K J E-HFO-1132 mass % R404A 60.0 75.0 77.4 0.0 10.0 10.0 66.7 R32 mass % 39.5 0.0 22.1 21.9 0.0 21.9 22.1 Propane mass % 0.0 24.5 0.0 77.6 89.5 67.6 10.7 CO.sub.2 mass % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 GWP 3922 267 1 150 150 3 150 150 COPratio % (relative 100.0 107.7 103.9 106.9 107.5 112.03 106.5 103.9 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.0 178.0 160.4 171.7 127.9 103.7 138.8 177.0 capacity ratio to R404A) Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 9-4 Ex. 9-5 Ex. 9-6 9-5 9-6 Ex. 9-7 9-7 9-8 Ex. 9-8 9-9 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 55.0 R32 mass % 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 Propane mass % 94.5 79.5 69.5 74.5 59.5 49.5 54.5 39.5 29.5 44.5 CO.sub.2 mass % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 GWP 3 104 171 2 103 170 2 103 170 2 COPratio % (relative 112.8 108.6 106.4 109.9 106.05 103.8 106.9 103.1 102.4 105.3 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 99.4 122.0 138.6 117.2 142.8 160.7 136.4 162.5 179.1 145.8 capacity ratio to R404A) Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit 9-10 Ex. 9-9 9-11 9-12 Ex. 9-10 E-HFO-1132 mass % 55.0 55.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 15.0 25.0 0.0 5.0 20.0 Propane mass % 29.5 19.5 29.5 24.5 9.5 CO.sub.2 mass % 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 GWP 103 170 2 35 136 COPratio % (relative 102.8 102.72 104.1 103.4 104.1 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 171.0 181.0 158.1 164.7 175.3 capacity ratio to R404A)

TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 30 Com. Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 9-11 9-13 Ex. 9-12 Ex. 9-13 9-14 9-15 9-16 Item Unit Ex. 3-1 C D G H Q K J E-HFO-1132 mass % R404A 60.0 75.0 72.9 0.0 10.0 10.0 66.6 R32 mass % 35.0 0.0 22.1 21.9 0.0 21.9 22.1 Propane mass % 0.0 20.0 0.0 73.1 85.0 63.1 6.3 CO.sub.2 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP 3922 237 1 150 150 3 150 150 COPratio % (relative 100.0 106.0 102.7 105.5 106.2 110.52 105.1 103.6 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.0 187.9 171.5 182.9 138.6 113.5 150.4 186.3 capacity ratio to R404A) Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 9-14 Ex. 9-15 Ex. 9-16 9-17 9-18 Ex. 9-17 9-19 9-20 Ex. 9-18 9-21 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 55.0 R32 mass % 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 Propane mass % 90.0 75.0 65.0 70.0 55.0 45.0 50.0 35.0 25.0 40.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP 3 104 171 2 103 170 2 103 170 2 COPratio % (relative 111.3 107.2 105.1 108.3 104.43 102.0 105.1 101.7 101.4 103.6 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 109.0 132.4 150.2 127.8 154.7 172.7 148.1 175.2 191.0 157.9 capacity ratio to R404A) Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit 9-22 Ex. 9-19 9-23 9-24 Ex. 9-20 E-HFO-1132 mass % 55.0 55.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 15.0 25.0 0.0 5.0 20.0 Propane mass % 25.0 15.0 25.0 20.0 5.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 GWP 103 170 2 35 136 COPratio % (relative 101.7 102.02 102.8 102.3 103.9 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 183.0 190.9 169.9 175.9 184.5 capacity ratio to R404A)

TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 31 Com. Ex. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. 9-19 9-22 Ex. 9-20 Ex. 9-21 9-23 9-24 9-25 Item Unit Ex. 3-1 C D G H Q K J E-HFO-1132 mass % R404A 60.0 75.0 67.9 0.0 10.0 10.0 64.0 R32 mass % 30.0 0.0 22.1 21.9 0.0 21.9 22.1 Propane mass % 0.0 15.0 0.0 68.1 80.0 58.1 3.9 CO.sub.2 mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP 3922 203 1 150 150 3 150 150 COPratio % (relative 100.0 104.2 101.5 104.0 104.6 108.74 103.3 102.7 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 100.0 199.5 184.7 196.2 151.7 125.2 164.5 198.5 capacity ratio to R404A) Com. Com. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Ex. Item Unit Ex. 9-22 Ex. 9-23 Ex. 9-24 9-26 9-27 Ex. 9-25 9-28 9-29 Ex. 9-26 9-30 E-HFO-1132 mass % 5.0 5.0 5.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 55.0 R32 mass % 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 15.0 25.0 0.0 Propane mass % 85.0 70.0 60.0 65.0 50.0 40.0 45.0 30.0 20.0 35.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP 3 104 171 2 103 170 2 103 170 2 COPratio % (relative 109.5 105.5 103.3 106.4 102.33 91.2 102.9 100.1 100.1 101.7 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 120.3 145.1 164.3 140.7 168.8 156.2 162.2 190.7 204.0 172.8 capacity ratio to R404A) Ex. Com. Ex. Ex. Com. Item Unit 9-31 Ex. 9-27 9-32 9-33 Ex. 9-28 E-HFO-1132 mass % 55.0 55.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 R32 mass % 15.0 25.0 0.0 5.0 15.0 Propane mass % 20.0 10.0 20.0 15.0 5.0 CO.sub.2 mass % 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 GWP 103 170 1 35 102 COPratio % (relative 100.3 101.31 101.3 101.1 102.4 to R404A) Refrigerating % (relative 196.6 202.5 183.7 189.0 194.9 capacity ratio to R404A)

[0394] Based on Tables 28, and 29 to 31, and FIGS. 11 to 12, when the refrigerant comprises trans-1,2-difluoroethylene (HFO-1132(E)), difluoroethylene (R32), propane, and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), a total content of HFO-1132(E), R32, propane, and CO.sub.2 is 99.5 mass % or more based on a total amount of the refrigerant, the content of CO.sub.2 is a mass %, the mass % of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane based on their sum are respectively represented by x, y, and z, if coordinates (x,y,z) in a ternary composition diagram in which the sum of HFO-1132(E), R32, and propane is (100-a) mass % satisfy the following requirements, a disproportionation reaction does not occur at 3 Mpa and 150 C., a refrigerating capacity (Cap) ratio relative to R404A is 103.7 or more, and GWP is 150 or less: [0395] the coordinates (x,y,z) are, when 0.0<a0.5, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KJ that connect the following 4 points: [0396] point J (66.7, 22.1, a+11.2), [0397] point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), [0398] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), and [0399] point K (10.0, 21.9, a+68.1), or on the straight lines JD, QK, and KJ, and [0400] the coordinates (x,y,z) are, when 0.5<a10.0, within the range of a figure surrounded by straight lines JD, DQ, QK, and KJ that connect the following 4 points: [0401] point J (0.0524a2+0.266a+66.58, 22.1, 0.0524a2-1.266a+11.32), [0402] point D (75.0, 0.0, a+25.0), [0403] point Q (10.0, 0.0, a+90.0), and [0404] point K (10.0, 21.9, a+68.1), or
on the straight lines JD, QK, and KJ.

REFRIGERANT-CONTAINING COMPOSITION, USE OF SAME, REFRIGERATOR COMPRISING SAME, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING REFRIGERATOR

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Cpc classification

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F25B1/00

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

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C09K2205/12

CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

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C09K5/044

CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

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C09K5/045

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F25B2400/121

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING

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C09K2205/40

CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

Classification Explorer

C09K2205/43

CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

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C09K2205/126

CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

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C09K2205/47

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C09K2205/42

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International classification

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C09K5/04

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Abstract

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