METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING/RECEIVING SIGNAL IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Abstract

One embodiment relates to a method by which a base station performs an operation in a wireless communication, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, from a first terminal, sidelink channel state information that indicates a radio link state with a second terminal; and transmitting a sidelink radio link failure indication on the basis of the sidelink channel state information, wherein the sidelink radio link failure indication is transmitted to the first terminal and the second terminal.

Claims

1. A method of performing an operation by a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: receiving sidelink channel state information indicating a radio link state with a second user equipment (UE) from a first UE; and transmitting a sidelink radio link failure indication based on the sidelink channel state information, wherein the sidelink radio link failure indication is transmitted to the first UE and the second UE.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising releasing resources allocated to the first UE and the second UE based on the sidelink radio link failure indication.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sidelink channel state information includes at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or a channel quality indicator (CQI) measured based on a signal transmitted to the first UE by the second UE.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first UE and the second UE release a PC5-radio resource control (RRC) connection based on the sidelink radio link failure indication.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein when sidelink channel state information indicating that the radio link state is poor is received consecutively as many times as a threshold or more times than the threshold, the sidelink radio link failure indication is transmitted.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first UE and the second UE are located within coverage of the BS.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the radio link failure indication is transmitted through at least one of an RRC message, a media access control (MAC) control element (CE), or a physical channel.

8. A base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving a sidelink channel state report indicating a radio link state with a second user equipment (UE) from a first UE; and transmitting a sidelink radio link failure indication based on the sidelink channel state report, and wherein the sidelink radio link failure indication is transmitted to the first UE and the second UE.

9. A processor for performing operations for a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, wherein the operations include: receiving a sidelink channel state report indicating a radio link state with a second user equipment (UE) from a first UE; and transmitting a sidelink radio link failure indication based on the sidelink channel state report, and wherein the sidelink radio link failure indication is transmitted to the first UE and the second UE.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program including instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a base station (BS) comprising: receiving a sidelink channel state report indicating a radio link state with a second user equipment (UE) from a first UE; and transmitting a sidelink radio link failure indication based on the sidelink channel state report, and wherein the sidelink radio link failure indication is transmitted to the first UE and the second UE.

11. A method of performing an operation by a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting a sidelink channel state report indicating a radio link state with a second UE to a base station (BS); and receiving a sidelink radio link failure indication based on the sidelink channel state report from the BS, wherein the sidelink radio link failure indication is transmitted to the first UE and the second UE.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising releasing resources allocated by the BS based on the sidelink radio link failure indication.

13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising releasing a PC5-radio resource control (RRC) connection with the second UE based on the sidelink radio link failure indication.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first UE is an autonomous driving vehicle or is included in an autonomous driving vehicle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the disclosure.

[0046] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication based on pre-new radio access technology (NR) RAT and V2X communication based on NR in comparison.

[0047] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a long term evolution (LTE) system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating user-plane and control-plane radio protocol architectures according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the structure of an NR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating functional split between a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) and a 5th generation core network (5GC) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the structure of an NR radio frame to which embodiment(s) of the present disclosure is applicable.

[0052] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure in an NR frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0053] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating radio protocol architectures for sidelink (SL) communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating radio protocol architectures for SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating user equipments (UEs) which conduct V2X or SL communication between them according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] FIG. 11 is diagram illustrating resource units for V2X or SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0057] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating signal flows for V2X or SL communication procedures of a UE according to transmission modes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0058] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating three cast types according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a procedure of transmitting a radio resource control (RRC) message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0060] FIGS. 15 to 21 are diagrams for explaining embodiment(s).

[0061] FIGS. 22 to 31 are diagrams for explaining various apparatus to which embodiment(s) are applicable.

BEST MODE

[0062] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “I” and “,” should be interpreted as “and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Further, “A, B” may mean “A and/or B”. Further, “AB/C” may mean “at least one of A, B and/or C”. Further, “A, B, C” may mean “at least one of A, B and/or C”.

[0063] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “or” should be interpreted as “and/or”. For example, “A or B” may include “only A”, “only B”, and/or “both A and B”. In other words, “or” should be interpreted as “additionally or alternatively”.

[0064] Techniques described herein may be used in various wireless access systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and so on. CDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS)/Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, evolved-UTRA (E-UTRA), or the like. IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, offering backward compatibility with an IRRR 802.16e-based system. UTRA is a part of universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is a part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA for downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA for uplink (UL). LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0065] A successor to LTE-A, 5th generation (5G) new radio access technology (NR) is a new clean-state mobile communication system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR may use all available spectral resources including a low frequency band below 1 GHz, an intermediate frequency band between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and a high frequency (millimeter) band of 24 GHz or above.

[0066] While the following description is given mainly in the context of LTE-A or 5G NR for the clarity of description, the technical idea of an embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0067] FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of an LTE system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This may also be called an evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN) or LTE/LTE-A system.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 2, the E-UTRAN includes evolved Node Bs (eNBs) 20 which provide a control plane and a user plane to UEs 10. A UE 10 may be fixed or mobile, and may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), subscriber station (SS), mobile terminal (MT), or wireless device. An eNB 20 is a fixed station communication with the UE 10 and may also be referred to as a base station (BS), a base transceiver system (BTS), or an access point.

[0069] eNBs 20 may be connected to each other via an X2 interface. An eNB 20 is connected to an evolved packet core (EPC) 39 via an S1 interface. More specifically, the eNB 20 is connected to a mobility management entity (MME) via an S1-MME interface and to a serving gateway (S-GW) via an S1-U interface.

[0070] The EPC 30 includes an MME, an S-GW, and a packet data network-gateway (P-GW). The MME has access information or capability information about UEs, which are mainly used for mobility management of the UEs. The S-GW is a gateway having the E-UTRAN as an end point, and the P-GW is a gateway having a packet data network (PDN) as an end point.

[0071] Based on the lowest three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) reference model known in communication systems, the radio protocol stack between a UE and a network may be divided into Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3). These layers are defined in pairs between a UE and an Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), for data transmission via the Uu interface. The physical (PHY) layer at L1 provides an information transfer service on physical channels. The radio resource control (RRC) layer at L3 functions to control radio resources between the UE and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and an eNB.

[0072] FIG. 3(a) illustrates a user-plane radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0073] FIG. 3(b) illustrates a control-plane radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the disclosure. A user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission, and a control plane is a protocol stack for control signal transmission.

[0074] Referring to FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), the PHY layer provides an information transfer service to its higher layer on physical channels. The PHY layer is connected to the medium access control (MAC) layer through transport channels and data is transferred between the MAC layer and the PHY layer on the transport channels. The transport channels are divided according to features with which data is transmitted via a radio interface.

[0075] Data is transmitted on physical channels between different PHY layers, that is, the PHY layers of a transmitter and a receiver. The physical channels may be modulated in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and use time and frequencies as radio resources.

[0076] The MAC layer provides services to a higher layer, radio link control (RLC) on logical channels. The MAC layer provides a function of mapping from a plurality of logical channels to a plurality of transport channels. Further, the MAC layer provides a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping a plurality of logical channels to a single transport channel. A MAC sublayer provides a data transmission service on the logical channels.

[0077] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly for RLC serving data units (SDUs). In order to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) requirements of each radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three operation modes, transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged Mode (AM). An AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0078] The RRC layer is defined only in the control plane and controls logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to configuration, reconfiguration, and release of RBs. An RB refers to a logical path provided by L1 (the PHY layer) and L2 (the MAC layer, the RLC layer, and the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer), for data transmission between the UE and the network.

[0079] The user-plane functions of the PDCP layer include user data transmission, header compression, and ciphering. The control-plane functions of the PDCP layer include control-plane data transmission and ciphering/integrity protection.

[0080] RB establishment amounts to a process of defining radio protocol layers and channel features and configuring specific parameters and operation methods in order to provide a specific service. RBs may be classified into two types, signaling radio bearer (SRB) and data radio bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a path in which an RRC message is transmitted on the control plane, whereas the DRB is used as a path in which user data is transmitted on the user plane.

[0081] Once an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is placed in RRC_CONNECTED state, and otherwise, the UE is placed in RRC_IDLE state. In NR, RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined. A UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state may maintain a connection to a core network, while releasing a connection from an eNB.

[0082] DL transport channels carrying data from the network to the UE include a broadcast channel (BCH) on which system information is transmitted and a DL shared channel (DL SCH) on which user traffic or a control message is transmitted. Traffic or a control message of a DL multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted on the DL-SCH or a DL multicast channel (DL MCH). UL transport channels carrying data from the UE to the network include a random access channel (RACH) on which an initial control message is transmitted and an UL shared channel (UL SCH) on which user traffic or a control message is transmitted.

[0083] The logical channels which are above and mapped to the transport channels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0084] A physical channel includes a plurality of OFDM symbol in the time domain by a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. One subframe includes a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB is a resource allocation unit defined by a plurality of OFDM symbols by a plurality of subcarriers. Further, each subframe may use specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) in a corresponding subframe for a physical DL control channel (PDCCH), that is, an L1/L2 control channel. A transmission time interval (TTI) is a unit time for subframe transmission.

[0085] FIG. 4 illustrates the structure of an NR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0086] Referring to FIG. 4, a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) may include a next generation Node B (gNB) and/or an eNB, which provides user-plane and control-plane protocol termination to a UE. In FIG. 4, the NG-RAN is shown as including only gNBs, by way of example. A gNB and an eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNB and the eNB are connected to a 5G core network (5GC) via an NG interface. More specifically, the gNB and the eNB are connected to an access and mobility management function (AMF) via an NG-C interface and to a user plane function (UPF) via an NG-U interface.

[0087] FIG. 5 illustrates functional split between the NG-RAN and the 5GC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0088] Referring to FIG. 5, a gNB may provide functions including inter-cell radio resource management (RRM), radio admission control, measurement configuration and provision, and dynamic resource allocation. The AMF may provide functions such as non-access stratum (NAS) security and idle-state mobility processing. The UPF may provide functions including mobility anchoring and protocol data unit (PDU) processing. A session management function (SMF) may provide functions including UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and PDU session control

[0089] FIG. 6 illustrates a radio frame structure in NR, to which embodiment(s) of the present disclosure is applicable.

[0090] Referring to FIG. 6, a radio frame may be used for UL transmission and DL transmission in NR. A radio frame is 10 ms in length, and may be defined by two 5-ms half-frames. An HF may include five 1-ms subframes. A subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in an SF may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0091] In a normal CP (NCP) case, each slot may include 14 symbols, whereas in an extended CP (ECP) case, each slot may include 12 symbols. Herein, a symbol may be an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) or an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

[0092] Table 1 below lists the number of symbols per slot N.sup.slot.sub.symb, the number of slots per frame N.sup.frame,u.sub.slot, and the number of slots per subframe N.sup.subframe,u.sub.slot according to an SCS configuration μ in the NCP case.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 SCS (15 * 2u) N.sup.slot.sub.symb N.sup.frame,u.sub.slot N.sup.subframe,u.sub.slot  15 KHz (u = 0) 14 10 1  30 KHz (u = 1) 14 20 2  60 KHz (u = 2) 14 40 4 120 KHz (u = 3) 14 80 8 240 KHz (u = 4) 14 160 16

[0093] Table 2 below lists the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to an SCS in the ECP case.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 SCS (15 * 2{circumflex over ( )}u) N.sup.slot.sub.symb N.sup.frame,u.sub.slot N.sup.subframe,u.sub.slot 60 KHz (u =2) 12 40 4

[0094] In the NR system, different OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCSs, CP lengths, and so on) may be configured for a plurality of cells aggregated for one UE. Accordingly, the (absolute time) duration of a time resource including the same number of symbols (e.g., a subframe, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as a time unit (TU) for convenience) may be configured to be different for the aggregated cells.

[0095] In NR, various numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various 5G services. For example, with an SCS of 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, while with an SCS of 30 kHz/60 kHz, a dense urban area, a lower latency, and a wide carrier bandwidth may be supported. With an SCS of 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth larger than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0096] An NR frequency band may be defined by two types of frequency ranges, FR1 and FR2. The numerals in each frequency range may be changed. For example, the two types of frequency ranges may be given in [Table 3]. In the NR system, FR1 may be a “sub 6 GHz range” and FR2 may be an “above 6 GHz range” called millimeter wave (mmW).

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Frequency Corresponding Subcarrier Range frequency Spacing designation range (SCS) FR1   450 MHz-6000 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

[0097] As mentioned above, the numerals in a frequency range may be changed in the NR system. For example, FR1 may range from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as listed in [Table 4]. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, and 5925 MHz) or above. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, and 5925 MHz) or above may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, vehicle communication (e.g., autonomous driving).

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Frequency Corresponding Subcarrier Range frequency Spacing designation range (SCS) FR1   410 MHz-7125 MHz 15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250 MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

[0098] FIG. 7 illustrates a slot structure in an NR frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 7, a slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, one slot may include 14 symbols in an NCP case and 12 symbols in an ECP case. Alternatively, one slot may include 7 symbols in an NCP case and 6 symbols in an ECP case.

[0100] A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB may be defined by a plurality of (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined by a plurality of consecutive (physical) RBs ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain and correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, or the like). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication may be conducted in an activated BWP. Each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid, to which one complex symbol may be mapped.

[0101] A radio interface between UEs or a radio interface between a UE and a network may include L1, L2, and L3. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, L1 may refer to the PHY layer. For example, L2 may refer to at least one of the MAC layer, the RLC layer, the PDCP layer, or the SDAP layer. For example, L3 may refer to the RRC layer.

[0102] Now, a description will be given of sidelink (SL) communication.

[0103] FIG. 8 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 8(a) illustrates a user-plane protocol stack in LTE, and FIG. 8(b) illustrates a control-plane protocol stack in LTE.

[0104] FIG. 9 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 9(a) illustrates a user-plane protocol stack in NR, and FIG. 9(b) illustrates a control-plane protocol stack in NR.

[0105] FIG. 10 illustrates UEs that conduct V2X or SL communication between them according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0106] Referring to FIG. 10, the term “UE” in V2X or SL communication may mainly refer to a terminal of a user. However, when network equipment such as a BS transmits and receives a signal according to a UE-to-UE communication scheme, the BS may also be regarded as a kind of UE. For example, a first UE (UE1) may be a first device 100 and a second UE (UE2) may be a second device 200.

[0107] For example, UE1 may select a resource unit corresponding to specific resources in a resource pool which is a set of resources. UE1 may then transmit an SL signal in the resource unit. For example, UE2, which is a receiving UE, may be configured with the resource pool in which UE1 may transmit a signal, and detect the signal from UE1 in the resource pool.

[0108] When UE1 is within the coverage of the BS, the BS may indicate the resource pool to UE1. On the contrary, when UE1 is outside the coverage of the BS, another UE may indicate the resource pool to UE1, or UE1 may use a predetermined resource pool.

[0109] In general, a resource pool may include a plurality of resource units, and each UE may select one or more resource units and transmit an SL signal in the selected resource units.

[0110] FIG. 11 illustrates resource units for V2X or SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0111] Referring to FIG. 11, the total frequency resources of a resource pool may be divided into NF frequency resources, and the total time resources of the resource pool may be divided into NT time resources. Thus, a total of NF*NT resource units may be defined in the resource pool. FIG. 11 illustrates an example in which the resource pool is repeated with a periodicity of NT subframes.

[0112] As illustrates in FIG. 11, one resource unit (e.g., Unit #0) may appear repeatedly with a periodicity. Alternatively, to achieve a diversity effect in the time or frequency domain, the index of a physical resource unit to which one logical resource unit is mapped may change over time in a predetermined pattern. In the resource unit structure, a resource pool may refer to a set of resource units available to a UE for transmission of an SL signal.

[0113] Resource pools may be divided into several types. For example, each resource pool may be classified as follows according to the content of an SL signal transmitted in the resource pool.

[0114] (1) A scheduling assignment (SA) may be a signal including information about the position of resources used for a transmitting UE to transmit an SL data channel, a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission scheme required for data channel demodulation, a timing advertisement (TA), and so on. The SA may be multiplexed with the SL data in the same resource unit, for transmission. In this case, an SA resource pool may refer to a resource pool in which an SA is multiplexed with SL data, for transmission. The SA may be referred to as an SL control channel.

[0115] (2) An SL data channel (PSSCH) may be a resource pool used for a transmitting UE to transmit user data. When an SA is multiplexed with SL data in the same resource unit, for transmission, only the SL data channel except for SA information may be transmitted in a resource pool for the SL data channel. In other words, REs used to transmit the SA information in an individual resource unit in an SA resource pool may still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, the transmitting UE may transmit the PSSCH by mapping the PSSCH to consecutive PRBs.

[0116] (3) A discovery channel may be a resource pool used for a transmitting UE to transmit information such as its ID. The transmitting UE may enable a neighboring UE to discover itself on the discovery channel.

[0117] Even when SL signals have the same contents as described above, different resource pools may be used according to the transmission/reception properties of the SL signals. For example, in spite of the same SL data channel or discovery message, a different resources pool may be used for an SL signal according to a transmission timing determination scheme for the SL signal (e.g., whether the SL signal is transmitted at a reception time of a synchronization reference signal (RS) or at a time resulting from applying a predetermined TA to the reception time), a resource allocation scheme for the SL signal (e.g., whether a BS allocates transmission resources of an individual signal to an individual transmitting UE or whether the individual transmitting UE selects its own individual signal transmission resources in the resource pool), the signal format of the SL signal (e.g., the number of symbols occupied by each SL signal in one subframe, or the number of subframes used for transmission of one SL signal), the strength of a signal from the BS, the transmission power of the SL UE, and so on.

[0118] Resource allocation in SL will be described below.

[0119] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure of performing V2X or SL communication according to a transmission mode in a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a transmission mode may also be referred to as a mode or a resource allocation mode. For the convenience of description, a transmission mode in LTE may be referred to as an LTE transmission mode, and a transmission mode in NR may be referred to as an NR resource allocation mode.

[0120] For example, FIG. 12(a) illustrates a UE operation related to LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. Alternatively, for example, FIG. 12(a) illustrates a UE operation related to NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 may be applied to general SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 may be applied to V2X communication.

[0121] For example, FIG. 12(b) illustrates a UE operation related to LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Alternatively, for example, FIG. 12(b) illustrates a UE operation related to NR resource allocation mode 2.

[0122] Referring to FIG. 12(a), in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, a BS may schedule SL resources to be used for SL transmission of a UE. For example, the BS may perform resource scheduling for UE1 through a PDCCH (more specifically, DL control information (DCI)), and UE1 may perform V2X or SL communication with UE2 according to the resource scheduling. For example, UE1 may transmit sidelink control information (SCI) to UE2 on a PSCCH, and then transmit data based on the SCI to UE2 on a PSSCH.

[0123] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 1, a UE may be provided with or allocated resources for one or more SL transmissions of one transport block (TB) by a dynamic grant from the BS. For example, the BS may provide the UE with resources for transmission of a PSCCH and/or a PSSCH by the dynamic grant. For example, a transmitting UE may report an SL hybrid automatic repeat request (SL HARQ) feedback received from a receiving UE to the BS. In this case, PUCCH resources and a timing for reporting the SL HARQ feedback to the BS may be determined based on an indication in a PDCCH, by which the BS allocates resources for SL transmission.

[0124] For example, the DCI may indicate a slot offset between the DCI reception and a first SL transmission scheduled by the DCI. For example, a minimum gap between the DCI that schedules the SL transmission resources and the resources of the first scheduled SL transmission may not be smaller than a processing time of the UE.

[0125] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 1, the UE may be periodically provided with or allocated a resource set for a plurality of SL transmissions through a configured grant from the BS. For example, the grant to be configured may include configured grant type 1 or configured grant type 2. For example, the UE may determine a TB to be transmitted in each occasion indicated by a given configured grant.

[0126] For example, the BS may allocate SL resources to the UE in the same carrier or different carriers.

[0127] For example, an NR gNB may control LTE-based SL communication. For example, the NR gNB may transmit NR DCI to the UE to schedule LTE SL resources. In this case, for example, a new RNTI may be defined to scramble the NR DCI. For example, the UE may include an NR SL module and an LTE SL module.

[0128] For example, after the UE including the NR SL module and the LTE SL module receives NR SL DCI from the gNB, the NR SL module may convert the NR SL DCI into LTE DCI type 5A, and transmit LTE DCI type 5A to the LTE SL module every X ms. For example, after the LTE SL module receives LTE DCI format 5A from the NR SL module, the LTE SL module may activate and/or release a first LTE subframe after Z ms. For example, X may be dynamically indicated by a field of the DCI. For example, a minimum value of X may be different according to a UE capability. For example, the UE may report a single value according to its UE capability. For example, X may be positive.

[0129] Referring to FIG. 12(b), in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4, or NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may determine SL transmission resources from among SL resources preconfigured or configured by the BS/network. For example, the preconfigured or configured SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the UE may autonomously select or schedule SL transmission resources. For example, the UE may select resources in a configured resource pool on its own and perform SL communication in the selected resources. For example, the UE may select resources within a selection window on its own by a sensing and resource (re)selection procedure. For example, the sensing may be performed on a subchannel basis. UE1, which has autonomously selected resources in a resource pool, may transmit SCI to UE2 on a PSCCH and then transmit data based on the SCI to UE2 on a PSSCH.

[0130] For example, a UE may help another UE with SL resource selection. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may be configured with a grant configured for SL transmission. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may schedule SL transmission for another UE. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may reserve SL resources for blind retransmission.

[0131] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, UE1 may indicate the priority of SL transmission to UE2 by SCI. For example, UE2 may decode the SCI and perform sensing and/or resource (re)selection based on the priority. For example, the resource (re)selection procedure may include identifying candidate resources in a resource selection window by UE2 and selecting resources for (re)transmission from among the identified candidate resources by UE2. For example, the resource selection window may be a time interval during which the UE selects resources for SL transmission. For example, after UE2 triggers resource (re)selection, the resource selection window may start at T1≥0, and may be limited by the remaining packet delay budget of UE2. For example, when specific resources are indicated by the SCI received from UE1 by the second UE and an L1 SL reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement of the specific resources exceeds an SL RSRP threshold in the step of identifying candidate resources in the resource selection window by UE2, UE2 may not determine the specific resources as candidate resources. For example, the SL RSRP threshold may be determined based on the priority of SL transmission indicated by the SCI received from UE1 by UE2 and the priority of SL transmission in the resources selected by UE2.

[0132] For example, the L1 SL RSRP may be measured based on an SL demodulation reference signal (DMRS). For example, one or more PSSCH DMRS patterns may be configured or preconfigured in the time domain for each resource pool. For example, PDSCH DMRS configuration type 1 and/or type 2 may be identical or similar to a PSSCH DMRS pattern in the frequency domain. For example, an accurate DMRS pattern may be indicated by the SCI. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the transmitting UE may select a specific DMRS pattern from among DMRS patterns configured or preconfigured for the resource pool.

[0133] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the transmitting UE may perform initial transmission of a TB without reservation based on the sensing and resource (re)selection procedure. For example, the transmitting UE may reserve SL resources for initial transmission of a second TB using SCI associated with a first TB based on the sensing and resource (re)selection procedure.

[0134] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may reserve resources for feedback-based PSSCH retransmission through signaling related to a previous transmission of the same TB. For example, the maximum number of SL resources reserved for one transmission, including a current transmission, may be 2, 3 or 4. For example, the maximum number of SL resources may be the same regardless of whether HARQ feedback is enabled. For example, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions for one TB may be limited by a configuration or preconfiguration. For example, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions may be up to 32. For example, if there is no configuration or preconfiguration, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions may not be specified. For example, the configuration or preconfiguration may be for the transmitting UE. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, HARQ feedback for releasing resources which are not used by the UE may be supported.

[0135] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may indicate one or more subchannels and/or slots used by the UE to another UE by SCI. For example, the UE may indicate one or more subchannels and/or slots reserved for PSSCH (re)transmission by the UE to another UE by SCI. For example, a minimum allocation unit of SL resources may be a slot. For example, the size of a subchannel may be configured or preconfigured for the UE.

[0136] FIG. 13 illustrates three cast types according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0137] Specifically, FIG. 13(a) illustrates broadcast-type SL communication, FIG. 13(b) illustrates unicast-type SL communication, and FIG. 15(c) illustrates groupcast-type SL communication. In unicast-type SL communication, a UE may perform one-to-one communication with another UE. In groupcast-type SL communication, the UE may perform SL communication with one or more UEs of a group to which the UE belongs. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, SL groupcast communication may be replaced with SL multicast communication, SL one-to-many communication, and so on.

[0138] Now, RRC connection establishment between UEs will be described.

[0139] For V2X or SL communication, a transmitting UE may need to establish a (PC5) RRC connection with a receiving UE. For example, a UE may obtain a V2X-specific SIB. For a UE with data to be transmitted, which is configured with V2X or SL transmission by a higher layer, when at least a frequency configured for transmission of the UE for SL communication is included in the V2X-specific SIB, the UE may establish an RRC connection with another UE without including a transmission resource pool for the frequency. For example, once the RRC connection is established between the transmitting UE and the receiving UE, the transmitting UE may perform unicast communication with the receiving UE via the established RRC connection.

[0140] When the RRC connection is established between the UEs, the transmitting UE may transmit an RRC message to the receiving UE.

[0141] FIG. 14 illustrates a procedure of transmitting an RRC message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0142] Referring to FIG. 14, an RRC message generated by a transmitting UE may be delivered to the PHY layer via the PDCP layer, the RLC layer, and the MAC layer. The RRC message may be transmitted through a signaling radio bearer (SRB). The PHY layer of the transmitting UE may subject the received information to encoding, modulation, and antenna/resource mapping, and the transmitting UE may transmit the information to a receiving UE.

[0143] The receiving UE may subject the received information to antenna/resource demapping, demodulation, and decoding. The information may be delivered to the RRC layer via the MAC layer, the RLC layer, and the PDCP layer. Therefore, the receiving UE may receive the RRC message generated by the transmitting UE.

[0144] V2X or SL communication may be supported for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode, a UE in RRC_IDLE mode, and a UE in (NR) RRC_INACTIVE mode. That is, the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED mode, the UE in the RRC_IDLE mode and the UE in the (NR) RRC_INACTIVE mode may perform V2X or SL communication. The UE in the RRC_INACTIVE mode or the UE in the RRC_IDLE mode may perform V2X or SL communication by using a cell-specific configuration included in a V2X-specific SIB.

[0145] The RRC may be used to exchange at least a UE capability and an AS layer configuration. For example, UE1 may transmit its UE capability and AS layer configuration to UE2, and receive a UE capability and an AS layer configuration of UE2 from UE2. For UE capability delivery, an information flow may be triggered during or after PC5-S signaling for direct link setup.

[0146] SL radio link monitoring (SLM) will be described below.

[0147] For unicast AS-level link management, SL RLM and/or radio link failure (RLF) declaration may be supported. In RLC acknowledged mode (SL AM) of SL unicast, the RLF declaration may be triggered by an indication from the RLC indicating that a maximum number of retransmissions has been reached. An AS-level link status (e.g., failure) may need to be known to a higher layer. Unlike the RLM procedure for unicast, a groupcast-related RLM design may not be considered. The RLM and/or RLF declaration may not be needed between group members for groupcast.

[0148] For example, the transmitting UE may transmit an RS to the receiving UE, and the receiving UE may perform SL RLM using the RS. For example, the receiving UE may declare an SL RLF using the RS. For example, the RS may be referred to as an SL RS.

[0149] SL measurement and reporting will be described below.

[0150] For the purpose of QoS prediction, initial transmission parameter setting, link adaptation, link management, admission control, and so on, SL measurement and reporting (e.g., an RSRP or an RSRQ) between UEs may be considered in SL. For example, the receiving UE may receive an RS from the transmitting UE and measure the channel state of the transmitting UE based on the RS. Further, the receiving UE may report CSI to the transmitting UE. SL-related measurement and reporting may include measurement and reporting of a CBR and reporting of location information. Examples of CSI for V2X include a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix index (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), an RSRP, an RSRQ, a path gain/pathloss, an SRS resource indicator (SRI), a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), an interference condition, a vehicle motion, and the like. For unicast communication, a CQI, an RI and a PMI or a part of them may be supported in a non-subband-based aperiodic CSI report based on the assumption of four or fewer antenna ports. The CSI procedure may not depend on a standalone RS. CSI reporting may be activated and deactivated depending on a configuration.

[0151] For example, the transmitting UE may transmit a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) to the receiving UE, and the receiving UE may measure a CQI or RI using the CSI-RS. For example, the CSI-RS may be referred to as an SL CSI-RS. For example, the CSI-RS may be confined to PSSCH transmission. For example, the transmitting UE may transmit the CSI-RS in PSSCH resources to the receiving UE.

Embodiment 1

[0152] The present disclosure proposes a method of reducing signaling overhead by omitting an operation of transmitting sidelink (SL) UE information to a network by an SL UE in NR V2X communication, as follows.

[0153] In general, the SL UE information is used for the following purposes and functions.

[0154] When a UE is interested in SL communication (SL data transmission or reception) or has no more interest in SL communication, the UE may transmit SL UE information to a BS. The BS may control the UE for the SL communication by receiving the SL UE information. (For example, the BS may allocate resources to the UE or release resources allocated to the UE, based on the SL UE information).

[0155] The SL UE information may include the following information. [0156] CarrierFreqCommTX [0157] V2X-CommRxIntrestedFreqList [0158] V2X-DestinationInfoList [0159] V2X-TypeTxSync [0160] Others (etc.)

[0161] In NR V2X, a UE may generally transmit SL UE information to a BS under the following conditions.

[0162] 1) An RRC_CONNECTED UE reports an established unicast link to the network after a PC5-S-based direct communication request/accept.

[0163] 2) An RRC_CONNECTED UE reports a disconnected unicast link to the network after a disconnect request/response. [0164] When a SL connection is released, a UE reports the SL connection release to the BS by transmitting SL UE information.

[0165] 3) An RRC_CONNECTED UE reports a modified unicast link to the network after a link modification request/accept.

[0166] 4) An RRC_CONNECTED UE reports an updated or modified unicast link to the network after a link identifier update request/response.

[0167] FIGS. 15 and 16 are diagrams illustrating general methods of transmitting SL UE information by a SL UE.

[0168] Referring to FIG. 15, when establishing a unicast connection with another SL UE, a SL UE may transmit SL UE information to a BS in step S1501. The SL UE information may include a destination UE layer 2 ID and SL communication-related parameters.

[0169] In step S1502, when SL RLF occurs and thus a PC5 unicast link (or PC5 RRC connection) is released, the UE may transmit SL UE information to the BS. The SL UE information may include the destination UE layer 2 ID and information indicating no more interest in SL communication.

[0170] Referring to FIG. 16, the SL UE may transmit an RLF report to the BS in step S1602. Steps S1601 and S1603 may be identical to operations described with reference to FIG. 15.

[0171] In general, even when a PC5 unicast link (or PC5 RRC connection) is released, a SL UE transmits SL UE information to a BS. Accordingly, upon occurrence of SL RLF, the UE should transmit the SL UE information separately to the BS, despite transmission of an SL RLF report to the BS. This may be considered to be transmission of an indication of no more interest in SL communication from the UE to the BS. However, when the UE transmits the SL RLF report to the BS, the BS may be aware that a corresponding SL connection has been released, and thus additional reception of the SL UE information may cause unnecessary signaling overhead.

[0172] The present disclosure proposes a method of allowing a UE not to transmit SL UE information to a BS under the above-described condition 2) (when a SL unicast connection is released or when RLF of the SL unicast connection is detected or declared). According to this method, SL signaling transmission overhead of the UE may be reduced.

[0173] Proposal. When a SL UE Declares SL RLF and Thus Transmits a SL RLF Report to a BS, the SL UE May Skip Transmission of SL UE Information.

[0174] When the UE declares SL RLF and thus a PC5-RRC connection and a PC5-S connection are released, the UE may transmit a SL RLF report to the BS. This proposal proposes that when the UE transmits the SL RLF report to the BS, the UE does not separately transmit SL UE information to the BS to indicate SL release (release of a PC5 unicast link (or PC5 RRC connection)).

[0175] More specifically, it is proposed that when the UE transmits the SL RLF report to the BS, the UE also transmits the following parameters in the SL RLF report. Further, when the UE transmits the SL RLF report including the parameters, the UE may skip the conventional process of reporting release of the PC5 unicast link (or PC5 RRC connection) to the BS by transmitting SL UE information to the BS.

[0176] In other words, upon detection or declaration of SL RLF, the UE may include one or more of the following parameters in the SL RLF report transmitted to the BS. Accordingly, the UE may not transmit the SL UE information separately to the BS. [0177] SL RLF report message

[0178] Source L2 ID and destination L2 ID of the UEs involved in the sidelink RLF

[0179] Failure type

[0180] Sidelink Radio Link Failure

[0181] Sidelink Measurement Results

[0182] In general, once a transmitting (TX) UE and a receiving (RX) UE establish a PC5 RRC connection, each of the UEs may obtain the destination layer 2 ID of the other UE. Further, the BS may obtain the layer 2 ID of the peer RX UE of the UE which has transmitted SL UE information from the SL UE information, before or after the PC5 RRC connection is established. Accordingly, the BS may have information about a SL communication attribute mapped to each destination UE of a UE that has transmitted SL UE information to the BS.

[0183] The present disclosure proposes that when a UE declares SL RLF and thus transmits a SL RLF report to a BS, the UE transmits, in the SL RLF report, a source layer 2 ID and a destination layer 2 ID associated with a connection to which the SL RLF has occurred.

[0184] The BS may identify the peer destination (RX) UE of the UE that has transmitted SL UE information to the BS from the SL UE information, and information about a SL communication attribute mapped to the destination UE.

[0185] In addition, when the SL RLF occurs and the UE transmits the SL RLF report to the BS, the UE may also transmit a source layer 2 ID associated with the SL RLF as well as a destination layer 2 ID associated with the SL RLF. That is, the BS may identify the source layer 2 ID and the destination layer 2 ID included in the SL RLF report and obtain a pair of the source layer 2 ID and destination layer 2 ID associated with the SL RLF. As the destination layer 2 ID of the UE to which the SL RLF has occurred is obtained, the destination layer 2 ID may be linked to a destination layer ID included in previous SL UE information transmitted by the UE.

[0186] Conventionally, when a PC5 unicast link (or PC5 RRC connection) is released (inclusive of SL RLF), the UE transmits SL UE information to the BS to separately indicate release of the PC5 unicast link (or PC5 RRC connection). In contrast, in this proposal, when the UE declares SL RLF and transmits a SL RLF report to the BS, the UE may include information about a pair of a source layer 2 ID and a destination layer 2 ID associated with the SL RLF in the SL RLF report. Therefore, the UE may not transmit SL UE information separately to the BS (the UE may skip transmission of the SL UE information).

[0187] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a SL RLF reporting operation proposed in the present disclosure.

[0188] Referring to FIG. 17, in step S1701, a UE may transmit SL UE information to a BS, and the SL UE information may include a destination UE layer 2 ID and a SL-related parameter. This step may be a general operation of a SL UE as described above.

[0189] In step S1702, when SL RLF is declared and thus a PC5 unicast link (or PC5 RRC connection) is released, the UE may transmit a SL RLF report to the BS. The SL RLF report may include a source layer 2 ID and a destination layer 2 ID. The BS may map or link information included in the SL RLF to previous SL UE information transmitted by the UE. Accordingly, the UE may skip an operation of additionally transmitting SL UE information to the BS.

[0190] That is, conventionally, when a SL PC5 unicast link (or PC5 RRC connection) is released (or when SL RLF is declared), the UE typically transmits SL UE information. However, according to embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, when a SL PC5 unicast link (or PC5 RRC connection) is released (or when SL RLF is declared), the BS may link previous SL UE information received from the UE to SL RLF information received from the UE. Therefore, the UE may skip the operation of transmitting SL UE information to the BS, upon release of the SL PC5 unicast link (or PC5 RRC connection) (or upon declaration of SL RLF), thereby reducing signaling transmission overhead of the UE.

Embodiment 2

[0191] In the present disclosure, SL link failure types are divided into SL RLF and PC5 RRC connection failure, and an operation procedure for each type is proposed.

[0192] 1. Sidelink Link Failure Types [0193] Sidelink Radio Link Failure [0194] PC5 RRC Connection Failure

[0195] 2. Operation Method in the Case of “SL RLF” as SL Link Failure Type

[0196] 1) Method of Operating a UE, when the UE Declares SL RLF

[0197] Similarly to the RLF procedure of a UE in NR Uu, upon detection of consecutive out of sync events in a SL RLF procedure, a UE may declare SL RLF and activate an RLF timer. When an in sync event does not occur or consecutive out of sync events occur until expiration of the RLF timer, the UE may report the SL RLF to a BS.

[0198] 2) Method of Detecting SL RLF and Indicating the SL RLF to UE by BS

[0199] The present disclosure proposes a method of detecting SL RLF and indicating the SL RLF to a UE by a BS.

[0200] In general, a SL UE may detect or declare SL RLF and then report the SL RLF detection or declaration to a BS. However, the UE that has declared SL RLF may not transmit an RLF report to another UE (a UE that established a unicast connection to which RLF has occurred). This is because the SL RLF has already occurred in the connection between the SL UEs and the connection is released. Therefore, since the other UE does not receive the SL RLF report immediately after the occurrence of the SL RLF, the other UE may not know the SL RLF occurrence or may detect or declare SL RLF late. Accordingly, signaling overhead may occur because the other UE should monitor the SL connection monitoring even after the occurrence of the SL RLF. Moreover, the other UE may attempt SL communication without releasing SL radio resources even after the occurrence of the SL RLF, thereby wasting the SL radio resources. The present disclosure proposes a method of detecting SL RLF and indicating the SL RLF to UEs which have established a SL connection to which the SL RLF has occurred by a BS to prevent redundant SL RLF detection or declaration of the UEs and waste of SL radio resources. The BS may indicate the occurrence of the SL RLF to SL UEs within its coverage.

[0201] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a method of detecting SL RLF and indicating the SL RLF to a UE by a BS.

[0202] In step S1801, the UE may periodically a SL measurement (e.g., SL reference signal received power (RSRP), SL reference signal received quality (RSRQ), or SL channel state information (CSI)) result to the BS so that the BS may monitor a SL radio link. The SL measurement may include all information that may indicate the state of a SL channel. For example, the SL measurement report may include CSI, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix index (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), RSRP, RSRQ, pathgain/pathloss, sounding reference symbols/resource indicator (SRI), a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), interference condition information, vehicle motion information, or SL HARQ feedback information. The BS may determine the state of SL radio link based on the SL measurement value reported by the UE.

[0203] For example, when a TX UE transmits SL data to an RX UE and fails to receive a SL HARQ feedback corresponding to the transmitted SL data, the TX UE may report this situation to the BS. That is, the SL TX UE may report non-reception of a SL HARQ feedback to the BS.

[0204] In step S1802, when the SL measurement result reported by the UE is continuously equal to or less than a specific threshold value for a predetermined time, or when a SL measurement report in which the SL measurement result value is equal to or less than the threshold value for the predetermined time is received as many times as a maximum value, the BS may declare SL RLF and notify the UE of the SL RLF. In this case, the BS may indicate the SL RLF to all UEs related to the SL RLF within its coverage as well as the UE reporting the SL measurement result. For example, the BS may indicate the SL RLF to the UE by a dedicated RRC message, a MAC CE, or a physical control channel signal. The BS may notify the UE of the SL RLF and recover or release all resources (mode 1 resources and mode 2 resources) allocated to the UE.

[0205] Alternatively, when the BS receives an SL HARQ non-reception report from the TX UE as many times as a threshold or more times than the threshold, the BS may declare SL RLF and indicate the SL RLF to all UEs related to the SL RLF within its coverage.

[0206] In step S1803, the UE to which the SL RLF has been indicated by the BS may release a PC5 RRC connection. In addition, the UE may report the release of the PC5 RRC connection to a higher layer (PC5-S layer) so that the PC5-S layer may release a PC5-S connection. When the UE is notified of the SL RLF by the BS, the UE may release all SLRBs associated with the connection to which the SL RLF has occurred. Further, the UE may reset all previously configured MAC parameters (e.g., SR/BSR parameters). The UE may also release a PDCP/RLC entity.

[0207] Therefore, as the BS transmits the SL RLF indication to all UEs related to the SL RLF, redundant SL RLM and SL RLF detection or declaration in each UE may be prevented, thereby preventing signaling overhead of the SL UEs. Further, because the BS releases SL resources by indicating the SL RLF to all UEs related to the SL RLF, SL resources may be efficiently used.

[0208] 3. Operation Method in the Case of “PC5 RRC Connection Failure” as SL Link Failure Type

[0209] In the present disclose, PC5 RRC connection failure is defined as one of SL link failure types. A UE operation regarding PC5 RRC connection failure may be defined as follows.

[0210] The UE may determine whether to accept or reject a PC5 RRC connection by measuring the quality (e.g., RSSI or RSRP) of a response message (i.e., PC5 RRC Connection Response) to a PC5 RRC Connection Request message during PC5 RRC connection establishment.

[0211] FIGS. 19 and 20 are diagrams illustrating a PC5 RRC connection failure operation proposed in the present disclosure.

[0212] Referring to FIG. 19, a TX UE and an RX UE may start a PC5-S connection setup procedure in step S1901. In step S1902, the TX UE may transmit a PC5-RRC connection request message to the RX UE. In step S1903, the RX UE may transmit a PC5-RRC connection response message in response to the PC5-RRC connection request message. The TX UE may measure the radio quality (e.g., RSSI, SL RSRP, SL RSRQ, or SL CSI) of the PC5-RRC connection response message and determine whether the radio quality is equal to or less than a threshold.

[0213] When the radio quality is equal to or less than the threshold, the UE may reject the PC5 RRC connection by transmitting a PC5 RRC connection reject message in step S1904. Subsequently, the UE may indicate the PC5-RRC connection rejection from an RRC layer to a PC5-S layer. In step S1905, the UE may release a connection of the PC5-S layer.

[0214] Referring to FIG. 20, steps S2001 to S2003 may be identical to steps S1901 to S1903 of FIG. 19 described before. Then, when the radio quality of the PC5-RRC connection response message is greater than the threshold, the UE may transmit a PC5 RRC connection accept message in step S2004.

[0215] FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a method of detecting or declaring SL RLF and indicating the SL RLF detection or declaration to a SL UE by a BS according to embodiment(s) of the present disclosure.

[0216] Referring to FIG. 21, in step S2101, the BS may receive SL CSI indicating a radio link state between a first UE and a second UE from the first UE. The SL CSI may be measured based on a signal transmitted to the first UE by the second UE. The SL CSI may include CSI, a CQI, a PMI, an RI, RSRP, RSRQ, pathgain/pathloss, an SRI, a CRI, interference condition information, vehicle motion information, or SL HARQ feedback information.

[0217] In step S2102, the BS may transmit an SL RLF indication to the first UE and the second UE based on the SL SCI. The SL RLF indication may be transmitted, when SL CSI indicating a poor radio link state is received from the first UE continuously as many times as a threshold or more times than the threshold. For example, when SL CSI including a SL measurement result equal to or less than a threshold is received as many times as the threshold or more times than the threshold, or when SL CSI including HARQ feedback non-reception information is received as many times as a threshold or more times than the threshold, or when SL CSI indicating that HARQ feedback non-reception has occurred as many times as a threshold or more times than the threshold, the BS may transmit the SL RLF indication to the first UE and the second UE. The first UE and the second UE may be located within the coverage of the BS. The SL RLF indication may be transmitted through at least one of an RRC message, a MC CE, or a physical channel.

[0218] The first UE or the second UE may receive the SL RLF indication from the BS and release a PC5-RRC connection. The BS may transmit the SL RLF indication and release resource allocation mode 1 resources and/or resource allocation mode 2 resources allocated to the first UE and the second UE.

[0219] To describe from the perspective of the first UE, which is a SL UE, the first UE may measure a radio link state with the second UE that has established a unicast connection and transmit a SL channel state report to the BS. In addition, the SL UE may receive a SL RLF indication from the BS based on the SL channel state report. Upon receipt of the SL RLF indication, the first UE may release the PC5-RRC connection with the second UE and release the allocated SL radio resources.

[0220] According to embodiment(s) of the present disclosure, SL link failure types are classified, and a different UE operation procedure is defined for each SL link failure type. It is newly proposed that in the case of SL RLF as a link failure type, a BS is allowed to declare RLF. Accordingly, the BS may manage a SL (e.g., SL resources) without a RLF report from a UE. In addition, PC5 RRC connection failure is defined as a new link failure type, and a new UE operation procedure is proposed accordingly. That is, a UE may measure the radio quality of a response message (PC5 RRC Connection Response) to a PC5 RRC Connection Request received from another UE and determine whether accept/reject a PC5 RRC connection during PC5 RRC connection establishment. Therefore, the UE may not establish a PC5 RRC connection with another UE having a poor SL radio quality.

[0221] Examples of Communication Systems Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0222] The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure described in this document may be applied to, without being limited to, a variety of fields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0223] Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/description, the same reference symbols may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks unless described otherwise.

[0224] FIG. 22 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the present disclosure.

[0225] Referring to FIG. 22, a communication system 1 applied to the present disclosure includes wireless devices, BSs, and a network. Herein, the wireless devices represent devices performing communication using RAT (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices. The wireless devices may include, without being limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an eXtended Reality (XR) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet of things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device/server 400. For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing communication between vehicles. Herein, the vehicles may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may include an augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, the BSs and the network may be implemented as wireless devices and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a BS/network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0226] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BSs/network. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g. V2V/V2X communication). The IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0227] Wireless communication/connections 150a, 150b, or 150c may be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100f/BS 200, or BS 200/BS 200. Herein, the wireless communication/connections may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as UL/DL communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or, D2D communication), or inter BS communication (e.g. relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wireless devices may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other through the wireless communication/connections 150a and 150b. For example, the wireless communication/connections 150a and 150b may transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuring processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resource allocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0228] Examples of Wireless Devices Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0229] FIG. 23 illustrates wireless devices applicable to the present disclosure.

[0230] Referring to FIG. 23, a first wireless device 100 and a second wireless device 200 may transmit radio signals through a variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to {the wireless device 100x and the BS 200} and/or {the wireless device 100x and the wireless device 100x} of FIG. 22.

[0231] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102 may control the memory(s) 104 and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process information within the memory(s) 104 to generate first information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the first information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signals including second information/signals through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained by processing the second information/signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example, the memory(s) 104 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be interchangeably used with Radio Frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

[0232] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one or more transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s) 202 may control the memory(s) 204 and/or the transceiver(s) 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process information within the memory(s) 204 to generate third information/signals and then transmit radio signals including the third information/signals through the transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive radio signals including fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106 and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information/signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety of information related to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example, the memory(s) 204 may store software code including commands for performing a part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Herein, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and transmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

[0233] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more service data unit (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide the generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0234] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmware or software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.

[0235] The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives, registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be located at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies such as wired or wireless connection.

[0236] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methods and/or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or more other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals/channels etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels, etc. processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

[0237] Wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present disclosure may include narrowband Internet of things for low power communication as well as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT may be an example of low power wide area network (LPWAN) and implemented as standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2. These names should not be construed as limiting. Additionally or alternatively, wireless communication may be conducted based on LTE-M in the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present disclosure. In this case, for example, LTE-M may be an example of LPWAN and referred to by various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M may be implemented as at least one of a variety of standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication, and/or 7) LTE M, which should not be construed as limiting. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100 and 200 of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, or low power wide area network (LPWAN) in consideration of low power communication, which should not be construed as limiting. For example, ZigBee may create personal area networks (PANs) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to as various names.

[0238] Examples of Signal Process Circuit Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0239] FIG. 24 illustrates a signal process circuit for a transmission signal.

[0240] Referring to FIG. 24, a signal processing circuit 1000 may include scramblers 1010, modulators 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040, resource mappers 1050, and signal generators 1060. An operation/function of FIG. 22 may be performed, without being limited to, the processors 102 and 202 and/or the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 23. Hardware elements of FIG. 24 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202 and/or the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 23. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 23. Alternatively, the blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 24 and the block 1060 may be implemented by the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 23.

[0241] Codewords may be converted into radio signals via the signal processing circuit 1000 of FIG. 24. Herein, the codewords are encoded bit sequences of information blocks. The information blocks may include transport blocks (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The radio signals may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH and a PDSCH).

[0242] Specifically, the codewords may be converted into scrambled bit sequences by the scramblers 1010. Scramble sequences used for scrambling may be generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of a wireless device. The scrambled bit sequences may be modulated to modulation symbol sequences by the modulators 1020. A modulation scheme may include pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-Phase Shift Keying (m-PSK), and m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (m-QAM). Complex modulation symbol sequences may be mapped to one or more transport layers by the layer mapper 1030. Modulation symbols of each transport layer may be mapped (precoded) to corresponding antenna port(s) by the precoder 1040. Outputs z of the precoder 1040 may be obtained by multiplying outputs y of the layer mapper 1030 by an N*M precoding matrix W. Herein, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transport layers. The precoder 1040 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0243] The resource mappers 1050 may map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources may include a plurality of symbols (e.g., a CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generators 1060 may generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols and the generated radio signals may be transmitted to other devices through each antenna. For this purpose, the signal generators 1060 may include IFFT modules, CP inserters, digital-to-analog converters (DACs), and frequency up-converters.

[0244] Signal processing procedures for a signal received in the wireless device may be configured in a reverse manner of the signal processing procedures 1010 to 1060 of FIG. 44. For example, the wireless devices (e.g., 100 and 200 of FIG. 22) may receive radio signals from the exterior through the antenna ports/transceivers. The received radio signals may be converted into baseband signals through signal restorers. To this end, the signal restorers may include frequency DL converters, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), CP remover, and FFT modules. Next, the baseband signals may be restored to codewords through a resource demapping procedure, a postcoding procedure, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling procedure. The codewords may be restored to original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not illustrated) for a reception signal may include signal restorers, resource demappers, a postcoder, demodulators, descramblers, and decoders.

[0245] Examples of Application of Wireless Device Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0246] FIG. 25 illustrates another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to a use-case/service (refer to FIG. 22).

[0247] Referring to FIG. 25, wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 25 and may be configured by various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and transceiver(s) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include the one or more processors 102 and 202 and/or the one or more memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 41. For example, the transceiver(s) 114 may include the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and/or the one or more antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 23. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the additional components 140 and controls overall operation of the wireless devices. For example, the control unit 120 may control an electric/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless/wired interface or store, in the memory unit 130, information received through the wireless/wired interface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110.

[0248] The additional components 140 may be variously configured according to types of wireless devices. For example, the additional components 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100a of FIG. 22), the vehicles (100b-1 and 100b-2 of FIG. 22), the XR device (100c of FIG. 22), the hand-held device (100d of FIG. 22), the home appliance (100e of FIG. 22), the IoT device (100f of FIG. 22), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medicine device, a FinTech device (or a finance device), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AI server/device (400 of FIG. 22), the BSs (200 of FIG. 22), a network node, etc. The wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixed place according to a use-example/service.

[0249] In FIG. 25, the entirety of the various elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and the control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory 130 may be configured by a RAM, a DRAM, a ROM, a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

[0250] Hereinafter, an example of implementing FIG. 25 will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0251] Examples of a Hand-Held Device Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0252] FIG. 26 illustrates a hand-held device applied to the present disclosure. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The hand-held device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

[0253] Referring to FIG. 26, a hand-held device 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I/O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140c correspond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 42, respectively.

[0254] The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the hand-held device 100. The control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the hand-held device 100. The memory unit 130 may store input/output data/information. The power supply unit 140a may supply power to the hand-held device 100 and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit 140b may support connection of the hand-held device 100 to other external devices. The interface unit 140b may include various ports (e.g., an audio I/O port and a video I/O port) for connection with external devices. The I/O unit 140c may input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input by a user. The I/O unit 140c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

[0255] As an example, in the case of data communication, the I/O unit 140c may acquire information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video) input by a user and the acquired information/signals may be stored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convert the information/signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals to other wireless devices directly or to a BS. The communication unit 110 may receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signals into original information/signals. The restored information/signals may be stored in the memory unit 130 and may be output as various types (e.g., text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I/O unit 140c.

[0256] Examples of a Vehicle or an Autonomous Driving Vehicle Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0257] FIG. 27 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle applied to the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle may be implemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0258] Referring to FIG. 27, a vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a driving unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. The blocks 110/130/140a to 140d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 25, respectively.

[0259] The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may include an ECU. The driving unit 140a may cause the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to drive on a road. The driving unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b may supply power to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c may acquire a vehicle state, ambient environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d may implement technology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle is driving, technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptive cruise control, technology for autonomously driving along a determined path, technology for driving by automatically setting a path if a destination is set, and the like.

[0260] For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d may generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the obtained data. The control unit 120 may control the driving unit 140a such that the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically acquire recent traffic information data from the external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. In the middle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c may obtain a vehicle state and/or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d may update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly obtained data/information. The communication unit 110 may transfer information about a vehicle position, the autonomous driving path, and/or the driving plan to the external server. The external server may predict traffic information data using AI technology, etc., based on the information collected from vehicles or autonomous driving vehicles and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or the autonomous driving vehicles.

[0261] Examples of a Vehicle and AR/VR Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0262] FIG. 28 illustrates a vehicle applied to the present disclosure. The vehicle may be implemented as a transport means, an aerial vehicle, a ship, etc.

[0263] Referring to FIG. 28, a vehicle 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an I/O unit 140a, and a positioning unit 140b. Herein, the blocks 110 to 130/140a and 140b correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 25.

[0264] The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles or BSs. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the vehicle 100. The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands for supporting various functions of the vehicle 100. The I/O unit 140a may output an AR/VR object based on information within the memory unit 130. The I/O unit 140a may include an HUD. The positioning unit 140b may acquire information about the position of the vehicle 100. The position information may include information about an absolute position of the vehicle 100, information about the position of the vehicle 100 within a traveling lane, acceleration information, and information about the position of the vehicle 100 from a neighboring vehicle. The positioning unit 140b may include a GPS and various sensors.

[0265] As an example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 may receive map information and traffic information from an external server and store the received information in the memory unit 130. The positioning unit 140b may obtain the vehicle position information through the GPS and various sensors and store the obtained information in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may generate a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information, and vehicle position information and the I/O unit 140a may display the generated virtual object in a window in the vehicle (1410 and 1420). The control unit 120 may determine whether the vehicle 100 normally drives within a traveling lane, based on the vehicle position information. If the vehicle 100 abnormally exits from the traveling lane, the control unit 120 may display a warning on the window in the vehicle through the I/O unit 140a. In addition, the control unit 120 may broadcast a warning message regarding driving abnormity to neighboring vehicles through the communication unit 110. According to situation, the control unit 120 may transmit the vehicle position information and the information about driving/vehicle abnormality to related organizations.

[0266] Examples of an XR Device Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0267] FIG. 29 illustrates an XR device applied to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented by an HMD, an HUD mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc.

[0268] Referring to FIG. 29, an XR device 100a may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an I/O unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a power supply unit 140c. Herein, the blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140c correspond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 28, respectively.

[0269] The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., media data and control signals) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, hand-held devices, or media servers. The media data may include video, images, and sound. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the XR device 100a. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured to control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the XR device 100a/generate XR object. The I/O unit 140a may obtain control information and data from the exterior and output the generated XR object. The I/O unit 140a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit 140b may obtain an XR device state, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone and/or a radar. The power supply unit 140c may supply power to the XR device 100a and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc.

[0270] For example, the memory unit 130 of the XR device 100a may include information (e.g., data) needed to generate the XR object (e.g., an AR/VR/MR object). The I/O unit 140a may receive a command for manipulating the XR device 100a from a user and the control unit 120 may drive the XR device 100a according to a driving command of a user. For example, when a user desires to watch a film or news through the XR device 100a, the control unit 120 transmits content request information to another device (e.g., a hand-held device 100b) or a media server through the communication unit 130. The communication unit 130 may download/stream content such as films or news from another device (e.g., the hand-held device 100b) or the media server to the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation/processing with respect to the content and generate/output the XR object based on information about a surrounding space or a real object obtained through the I/O unit 140a/sensor unit 140b.

[0271] The XR device 100a may be wirelessly connected to the hand-held device 100b through the communication unit 110 and the operation of the XR device 100a may be controlled by the hand-held device 100b. For example, the hand-held device 100b may operate as a controller of the XR device 100a. To this end, the XR device 100a may obtain information about a 3D position of the hand-held device 100b and generate and output an XR object corresponding to the hand-held device 100b.

[0272] Examples of a Robot Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0273] FIG. 30 illustrates a robot applied to the present disclosure. The robot may be categorized into an industrial robot, a medical robot, a household robot, a military robot, etc., according to a used purpose or field.

[0274] Referring to FIG. 30, a robot 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an I/O unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a driving unit 140c. Herein, the blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140c correspond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 25, respectively.

[0275] The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., driving information and control signals) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling constituent elements of the robot 100. The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/code/commands for supporting various functions of the robot 100. The I/O unit 140a may obtain information from the exterior of the robot 100 and output information to the exterior of the robot 100. The I/O unit 140a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit 140b may obtain internal information of the robot 100, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a radar, etc. The driving unit 140c may perform various physical operations such as movement of robot joints. In addition, the driving unit 140c may cause the robot 100 to travel on the road or to fly. The driving unit 140c may include an actuator, a motor, a wheel, a brake, a propeller, etc.

[0276] Example of AI Device Applicable to the Present Disclosure

[0277] FIG. 31 illustrates an AI device applied to the present disclosure. The AI device may be implemented by a fixed device or a mobile device, such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a notebook, a digital broadcast terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a Set Top Box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc.

[0278] Referring to FIG. 31, an AI device 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an I/O unit 140a/140b, a learning processor unit 140c, and a sensor unit 140d. The blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 43, respectively.

[0279] The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive wired/radio signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning models, or control signals) to and from external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., 100x, 200, or 400 of FIG. 22) or an AI server (e.g., 400 of FIG. 22) using wired/wireless communication technology. To this end, the communication unit 110 may transmit information within the memory unit 130 to an external device and transmit a signal received from the external device to the memory unit 130.

[0280] The control unit 120 may determine at least one feasible operation of the AI device 100, based on information which is determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. The control unit 120 may perform an operation determined by controlling constituent elements of the AI device 100. For example, the control unit 120 may request, search, receive, or use data of the learning processor unit 140c or the memory unit 130 and control the constituent elements of the AI device 100 to perform a predicted operation or an operation determined to be preferred among at least one feasible operation. The control unit 120 may collect history information including the operation contents of the AI device 100 and operation feedback by a user and store the collected information in the memory unit 130 or the learning processor unit 140c or transmit the collected information to an external device such as an AI server (400 of FIG. 22). The collected history information may be used to update a learning model.

[0281] The memory unit 130 may store data for supporting various functions of the AI device 100. For example, the memory unit 130 may store data obtained from the input unit 140a, data obtained from the communication unit 110, output data of the learning processor unit 140c, and data obtained from the sensor unit 140. The memory unit 130 may store control information and/or software code needed to operate/drive the control unit 120.

[0282] The input unit 140a may acquire various types of data from the exterior of the AI device 100. For example, the input unit 140a may acquire learning data for model learning, and input data to which the learning model is to be applied. The input unit 140a may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 140b may generate output related to a visual, auditory, or tactile sense. The output unit 140b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 140 may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device 100, surrounding environment information of the AI device 100, and user information, using various sensors. The sensor unit 140 may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar.

[0283] The learning processor unit 140c may learn a model consisting of artificial neural networks, using learning data. The learning processor unit 140c may perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI server (400 of FIG. 22). The learning processor unit 140c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 110 and/or information stored in the memory unit 130. In addition, an output value of the learning processor unit 140c may be transmitted to the external device through the communication unit 110 and may be stored in the memory unit 130.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0284] The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to various mobile communication systems.