1. Patent Search
  2. Details

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR WATERLESS URINAL CARTRIDGE USAGE DETERMINATION AND INDICATION

20250369220 ยท 2025-12-04

    Inventors

    Cpc classification

    International classification

    Abstract

    Described is a system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication. The system comprises a measuring device for measuring a consumption factor. The consumption factor represents a usage measure of a waterless urinal cartridge. The system further includes an indicator for signaling/indicating when the consumption factor reaches a predetermined threshold. The consumption factor can be time-based, use-based, frequency-based, or physical characteristic-based. The system can also include a detector for detecting a use of the urinal cartridge. The detector communicates with the measuring device to provide use information to the measuring device. The predetermined threshold can help an operator of a urinal using a waterless urinal cartridge in determining when to replace the cartridge.

    Claims

    1. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication comprising: a measuring/computing device for measuring a consumption factor where the consumption factor represents a usage measure of a waterless urinal cartridge; and an indicator for indicating when the consumption factor reaches a predetermined threshold.

    2. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 1, wherein the consumption factor is selected from a group consisting of a time-based consumption factor, a use-based consumption factor, a frequency-based consumption factor, and a physical characteristic-based consumption factor.

    3. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 2, wherein the time-based consumption factor is time and wherein the indicator indicates when a predetermined amount of time has passed since an installation of the waterless urinal cartridge.

    4. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 2, wherein the use-based consumption factor is a number of usages of the waterless urinal cartridge and wherein the indicator indicates when a predetermined number of usages has accumulated since an installation of the waterless urinal cartridge.

    5. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 2, wherein the time-based consumption factor is time and the use-based consumption factor is a number of usages of the waterless urinal cartridge and wherein the indicator indicates when a predetermined amount of time has passed or when a predetermined number of usages has accumulated since an installation of the waterless urinal cartridge, whichever occurs first.

    6. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 2, wherein the time-based consumption factor is time, the use-based consumption factor is a number of usages of the waterless urinal cartridge, and the frequency-based consumption factor is a frequency of use of the waterless urinal cartridge, and wherein the predetermined threshold is a function of the time-based consumption factor, the use-based consumption factor, and the frequency-based consumption factor.

    7. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 2, wherein the time-based consumption factor is time, and the frequency-based consumption factor is a frequency of use of the waterless urinal cartridge and wherein the predetermined threshold is a function of the time-based consumption factor and the frequency-based consumption factor.

    8. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 2, wherein the use-based consumption factor is a number of usages of the waterless urinal cartridge, and the frequency-based consumption factor is a frequency of use of the waterless urinal cartridge, and wherein the predetermined threshold is a function of the use-based consumption factor and the frequency-based consumption factor.

    9. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 2, wherein the physical characteristic-based consumption factor is selected from a group consisting of a measurement of an oil layer within the waterless urinal cartridge, a measurement of solid buildup within the waterless urinal cartridge, a measurement of a weight of the waterless urinal cartridge, a measurement of fluid flow through the cartridge, and a measurement of an erosion-based usage gauge.

    10. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold determines when the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced and wherein the indicator indicates that the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced when the consumption factor reaches the predetermined threshold.

    11. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a detector for detecting a use of the urinal cartridge, the detector communicatively connected with the measuring/computing device to provide use information to the measuring/computing device when a use occurs and where the measuring/computing device tracks the consumption factor based on the use information.

    12. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 11, wherein the predetermined threshold determines when the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced and wherein the indicator indicates that the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced when the consumption factor reaches the predetermined threshold.

    13. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 11, wherein the measuring/computing device, the indicator, and the detector are housed in a body selected from a group consisting of a urinal body; a cartridge body; a combination of a urinal body and a cartridge body; a combination of a urinal body and an extra-urinal location; a combination of a cartridge body and an extra-urinal location; and a combination of a urinal body, a cartridge body, and an extra-urinal location.

    14. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 13, wherein the predetermined threshold determines when the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced and wherein the indicator indicates that the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced when the consumption factor reaches the predetermined threshold.

    15. A system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication comprising: a measuring/computing device for measuring a consumption factor where the consumption factor represents a usage measure of a waterless urinal cartridge; and a detector for detecting a use of the urinal cartridge, the detector communicatively connected with the measuring/computing device to provide use information to the measuring/computing device when a use occurs and where the measuring/computing device tracks the consumption factor based on the use information.

    16. A method for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication comprising acts of: measuring a consumption factor where the consumption factor represents a usage measure of a waterless urinal cartridge; and indicating when the consumption factor reaches a predetermined threshold.

    17. A method for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 16, wherein the consumption factor is selected from a group consisting of a time-based consumption factor, a use-based consumption factor, a frequency-based consumption factor, and a physical characteristic-based consumption factor.

    18. A method for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 16, wherein the predetermined threshold determines when the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced and wherein the act of indicating indicates that the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced when the consumption factor reaches the predetermined threshold.

    19. A method for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 16, further comprising an act of detecting a use of the urinal cartridge and providing use information for use in the measuring act when a use occurs and where in the measuring act, the consumption factor is tracked based on the use information.

    20. A method for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 16, wherein the predetermined threshold determines when the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced and wherein the act of indicating indicates that the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced when the consumption factor reaches the predetermined threshold.

    21. A method for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 19, wherein the acts of measuring, indicating, and detecting are performed in body selected from a group consisting of a urinal body; a cartridge body; a combination of a urinal body and a cartridge body; a combination of a urinal body and an extra-urinal location; a combination of a cartridge body and an extra-urinal location; and a combination of a urinal body, a cartridge body, and an extra-urinal location.

    22. A method for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication as set forth in claim 21, wherein the predetermined threshold determines when the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced and wherein the act of indicating indicates that the waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced when the consumption factor reaches the predetermined threshold.

    Description

    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

    [0033] The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed descriptions of the various aspects of the invention in conjunction with reference to the following drawings, where:

    [0034] FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a prior art waterless or hybrid urinal system where a cartridge and housing can be seen in a bowl of a urinal along with a user;

    [0035] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a prior art liquid trap cartridge within a housing;

    [0036] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of a prior art mechanical valve cartridge within a housing;

    [0037] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of a prior art mechanical valve within a housing;

    [0038] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative prior art liquid trap cartridge within a housing;

    [0039] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a system according to the present invention, depicting a measuring/computing device, an indicator, and a detector;

    [0040] FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting the acts of a time-based system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication, according to the present invention;

    [0041] FIG. 8 is a flow chart depicting the acts of a use-based system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication, according to the present invention;

    [0042] FIG. 9 is a flow chart depicting the acts of a time-and-use-based system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication, according to the present invention;

    [0043] FIG. 10 is a flow chart depicting the acts of a time-and-use-based and use-frequency-based system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication, according to the present invention;

    [0044] FIG. 11 is a flow chart depicting the acts of a physical characteristic-based system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication, according to the present invention;

    [0045] FIG. 12 is an isometric view of a waterless or hybrid urinal system a with a visual indicator, according to the present invention;

    [0046] FIG. 13 is an isometric view of a waterless or hybrid urinal system with an audio indicator, according to the present invention;

    [0047] FIG. 14 is an isometric view of a waterless or hybrid urinal system with a indicator/sensor module incorporating a visual indicator, an audio indicator, and an optical sensor, according to the present invention; and

    [0048] FIG. 15 is an isometric view of a waterless or hybrid urinal system with electronic communication with external devices, according to the present invention.

    [0049] FIG. 16 is an isometric view of a waterless or hybrid urinal system along with a user standing on a weight sensor in/on the floor, according to the present invention;

    [0050] FIG. 17 is an isometric view of a waterless or hybrid urinal system with an optical sensor, according to the present invention;

    [0051] FIG. 18 is an isometric view of a waterless or hybrid urinal system where a cartridge and housing can be seen in a bowl of a urinal along with a pressure sensor, according to the present invention;

    [0052] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge and a housing with an electrical conductivity sensor, according to the present invention;

    [0053] FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge and a housing with an electrical conductivity sensor, according to the present invention;

    [0054] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve in a housing with an electrical conductivity sensor, according to the present invention;

    [0055] FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge and a housing with an electrical conductivity sensor, according to the present invention;

    [0056] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge and a housing with a flow sensor disposed therein, according to the present invention;

    [0057] FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge and a housing with a flow sensor disposed therein, according to the present invention;

    [0058] FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve in a housing with a flow sensor disposed therein, according to the present invention;

    [0059] FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge and a housing with a flow sensor disposed therein, according to the present invention;

    [0060] FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge and a housing with a humidity sensor disposed therein, according to the present invention;

    [0061] FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge and a housing with a humidity sensor disposed therein, according to the present invention;

    [0062] FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve in a housing with a humidity sensor disposed therein, according to the present invention;

    [0063] FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge and a housing with a humidity sensor disposed therein, according to the present invention;

    [0064] FIG. 31 is an isometric view of a waterless or hybrid urinal system where a cartridge and housing can be seen in a bowl of a urinal with a manual use actuator (button) on/near urinal body, according to the present invention;

    [0065] FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge and a housing where the cartridge has a window through which an optical sensor in the housing can sense an oil barrier layer within the cartridge, according to the present invention;

    [0066] FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge and a housing where the cartridge has a window through which an optical sensor in the housing can sense an oil barrier layer within the cartridge, according to the present invention;

    [0067] FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge and a housing where the cartridge has a window through which an optical sensor in the housing can sense solid buildup within the cartridge, according to the present invention;

    [0068] FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge and a housing where the cartridge has a window through which an optical sensor in the housing can sense solid buildup within the cartridge, according to the present invention;

    [0069] FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge in a housing with a window disposed therein and an external optical sensor, according to the present invention;

    [0070] FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge and an optical sensor in a housing, according to the present invention;

    [0071] FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve in a housing with a window disposed therein and an external optical sensor, according to the present invention;

    [0072] FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve and an optical sensor in a housing, according to the present invention;

    [0073] FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge and a housing with a weight sensor disposed therein, according to the present invention;

    [0074] FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge and a housing with a weight sensor disposed therein, according to the present invention;

    [0075] FIG. 42 is a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge with an erodible coating in a housing, according to the present invention;

    [0076] FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge with an erodible coating in a housing, according to the present invention;

    [0077] FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge with an erodible coating in a housing, according to the present invention;

    [0078] FIG. 45 is a front view of a cartridge having a ring filled with an erodible material, according to the present invention;

    [0079] FIG. 46 is an angled top-front view of a cartridge having a ring filled with an erodible material, according to the present invention;

    [0080] FIG. 47 is a top view of a cartridge having a ring filled with an erodible material, according to the present invention; and

    [0081] FIG. 48 is a bottom view of a ring filled with an erodible material, according to the present invention.

    DETAILED DESCRIPTION

    [0082] The present invention relates to waterless urinals, and more particularly to a system and method for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication for assessment of when a waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced.

    [0083] The following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention and to incorporate it in the context of particular applications. Various modifications, as well as a variety of uses in different applications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to a wide range of embodiments. For example, the individual components described may be formed as discrete parts or integrated together as a single unit. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments presented but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

    [0084] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without necessarily being limited to these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.

    [0085] The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with this specification, and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference. All the features disclosed in this specification, (including any accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

    [0086] Furthermore, any element in a claim that does not explicitly state means for performing a specified function, or step for performing a specific function, is not to be interpreted as a means or step clause as specified in 35 U.S.C. Section 112, Paragraph 6. In particular, the use of step of or act of in the claims herein is not intended to invoke the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, Paragraph 6.

    [0087] Before describing the invention in detail, an introduction is provided to give the reader a general understanding of the present invention. Next, a description of various aspects of the present invention is provided to give an understanding of the specific details.

    (1) Introduction to Waterless Urinal Cartridges

    [0088] The present invention relates to waterless urinals, and more particularly to a system and method for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication for assessment of when a waterless urinal cartridge should be replaced. A prior art example waterless urinal 100 along with a user 102 is shown in FIG. 1. The urinal 100 comprises a bowl 104 attached with a base or backboard 106. Inside the bowl 104 is a cartridge 108 housed within a housing 110.

    [0089] Four examples of prior art waterless urinal cartridges are shown in FIGS. 2-5. These cartridge examples will be used to illustrate various aspects of the present invention as described further below. It should be noted that although the present invention is shown applied to these example cartridges, it can also be applied to other types of cartridges. Thus, the present invention should not be considered limited to use with the cartridges shown.

    [0090] Turning now to the example prior art waterless urinal cartridges, a cross-sectional side view of a prior art liquid trap cartridge 200 within a housing 202 is shown in FIG. 2. The cartridge 200 comprises a slanted top surface 204 having a liquid passage 206 therethrough. Fluid flow through the cartridge 200 is shown by the arrows therein. After passing through the liquid passage 206, fluid, such as urine, enters the main chamber 208 of the cartridge 200. A tongue 210 in the main chamber 208 helps to slow the fluid and eliminate turbulence. Next, the fluid flows through a passage 212 to an exit 214 of the cartridge 200. The fluid then passes into an exit portion 216 of the housing 202 and subsequently into the plumbing of the structure in which the urinal 100 (not shown) resides. A layer of oil or other material that is less dense than water resides at a level 218 within the cartridge 200 in order to prevent gases from the fluid beneath escaping out of the urinal 100 and into the surrounding room.

    [0091] A cross-sectional side view of a prior art mechanical valve cartridge 300 within a housing 302 is shown in FIG. 3. The cartridge 300 comprises a slanted top surface 304 having a liquid passage 306 therethrough. A mechanical valve 308 is positioned within the liquid passage 306. Fluid flows through the cartridge 300 as shown by the arrows in the figure. Fluid flow causes the mechanical valve 308 to open, allowing the fluid to pass. After the fluid passes, the mechanical valve 308 closes in order to prevent gases from the fluid beneath escaping out of the urinal 100 and into the surrounding room. After passing through the mechanical valve 308, the fluid flows into an exit portion 310 of the housing 302 and subsequently into the plumbing of the structure in which the urinal 100 (not shown) resides. A mesh 312 is positioned over the mechanical valve 308 in order to prevent objects from falling into the mechanical valve 308 and disrupting its operation.

    [0092] A cross-sectional side view of a prior art mechanical valve 400 within a housing 402 is shown in FIG. 4. The housing 402 comprises a slanted top surface 404 having a liquid passage 406 therethrough. The mechanical valve 400 is positioned within the liquid passage 406. Fluid flows through the mechanical valve 400 as shown by the arrows in the figure. Fluid flow causes the mechanical valve 400 to open, allowing the fluid to pass. After the fluid passes, the mechanical valve 400 closes in order to prevent gases from the fluid beneath escaping out of the urinal 100 (not shown) and into the surrounding room. After passing through the mechanical valve 400, the fluid flows into an exit portion 408 of the housing 402 and subsequently into the plumbing of the structure in which the urinal 100 resides. A mesh 410 is positioned over the mechanical valve 400 in order to prevent objects from falling into the mechanical valve 400 and disrupting its operation.

    [0093] A cross-sectional side view of an alternative prior art liquid trap cartridge 500 within a housing 502 is shown in FIG. 5. The cartridge 500 comprises a slanted top surface 504 having a liquid passage 506 therethrough. Fluid flow through the cartridge 500 is shown by the arrows therein. After passing through the liquid passage 506 fluid, such as urine, enters the main chamber 508 of the cartridge 500. Next, the fluid flows through a passage 510 to an exit 512 of the cartridge 500. The fluid then passes into an exit portion 514 of the housing 502 and subsequently into the plumbing of the structure in which the urinal 100 (not shown) resides. A layer of oil or other material that is less dense than water resides at a level 516 within the cartridge 500 in order to prevent gases from the fluid beneath from escaping out of the urinal 100 and into the surrounding room.

    (2) Overview of the Invention

    [0094] The present invention provides a system and method for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication in order to assist an operator of a waterless urinal in knowing when the cartridge is near or at the end of its useful life and needs replacement.

    [0095] A block diagram showing the principal components of the invention is shown in FIG. 6. In its simplest form, the invention comprises a measuring/computing device 600 for tracking a consumption factor representing a usage measure on the waterless cartridge (e.g., the amount of usage the cartridge has seen) and an indicator 602 for providing information about the amount of usage the cartridge has seen. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the measuring device can range in sophistication from a simple counter to a general or specific computing device, depending on the specific system components. Generally, the indicator signals/indicates when the consumption factor reaches a predetermined threshold. As an example, in the simplest form, the measuring device 600 could simply be a timer and the indicator 602 could be a display that signals/indicates the need to replace the cartridge after a predetermined amount of time has passed.

    [0096] In a more complex version, the invention can also include a detector 604 for detecting a usage of the cartridge. As an example, the detector 604 (typically a type of sensor) could be a weight sensor in front of the urinal that detects the presence of a user and provides the detection information to the measuring device 600. After a predetermined number of detections, the indicator 602 signals/indicates the need to replace the cartridge.

    [0097] In the following section, flow charts depicting the operations/acts of the measuring/computing device 600, the indicator 602, and the detector 604 will be presented.

    [0098] Generally, these operations/acts comprise measuring a consumption factor where the consumption factor represents a usage measure of a waterless urinal cartridge; detecting a use of the urinal cartridge and providing use information for use in the measuring act when a use occurs and where in the measuring act, the consumption factor is tracked based on the use information; and indicating when the consumption factor reaches a predetermined threshold. This indication can serve to inform the urinal operator of an impending need to replace the cartridge.

    (3) Flow ChartsConsumption Factor Examples

    [0099] Flow charts depicting five variations of the operations/consumption factors of the present invention are shown below. Each involves the use of different factors for determining the life of a cartridge.

    (a) Time-Based Waterless Urinal Cartridge Lifetime Determination and Indication

    [0100] In this case, the time-based consumption factor is time, and the indicator 602 (shown in FIG. 6) signals/indicates when a predetermined amount of time has passed since an installation of the waterless urinal cartridge. A flow chart depicting the acts of a time-based system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication is presented in FIG. 7. First, the system is powered on 700. Next, a time limit is set 702 to determine when the indicator 602 should indicate a need to replace the cartridge. As non-limiting examples, the time limit may be set by the operator of the waterless urinal, or it may be pre-set by a manufacturer or a dealer. Next, a clock is started 704 to track the time elapsed since the current cartridge was installed. The clock could be started, for example, by the operator of the waterless urinal or the system could be automated so that the clock is automatically started upon installation of a new cartridge. The clock is monitored to determine whether it exceeds the time limit 706, and when it does, the indicator is activated 708. Once the indicator reset has been triggered 710, the clock is reset 712. Non-limiting examples of the clock reset 712 are: automatically once the indicator has been triggered; automatically upon removal of the cartridge; automatically upon installation of a new cartridge; and manually by the operator of the urinal. Once the clock has been reset 712, the clock is started again 704 and the process continues as shown in the flow chart.

    (b) Use-Based Waterless Urinal Cartridge Lifetime Determination and Indication

    [0101] In this case, the use-based consumption factor is a number of usages of the waterless urinal cartridge and the indicator 602 (shown in FIG. 6) signals/indicates when a predetermined number of usages has accumulated since an installation of the waterless urinal cartridge. A flow chart depicting the acts of a use-based system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication is presented in FIG. 8. First, the system is powered on 800. Next a count limit is set 802 to determine when the indicator 602 should indicate a need to replace the cartridge. As non-limiting examples, the count limit may be set by the operator of the waterless urinal, or it may be preset by a manufacturer or a dealer. Next, a detector 604 (shown in FIG. 6) awaits detection of a use 804. Once a use is detected, a count on the counter is incremented 806. A check is then made to determine whether the count on the counter exceeds the count limit 808, and if not, the detector 604 then awaits detection of another use 804. If the count on the counter exceeds the count limit, the indicator 602 (shown in FIG. 6) is activated 810, indicating the need to replace the cartridge. Once the indicator has been triggered 810, the counter can be reset 812. Non-limiting examples of the counter reset 812 are: automatically once the indicator has been triggered; automatically upon removal of the cartridge; automatically upon installation of a new cartridge; and manually by the operator of the urinal. Once the counter has been reset 812, the detector 604 once more awaits detection of a use 804 and the process continues as shown in the flow chart.

    (c) Time-and-Use-Based Waterless Urinal Cartridge Lifetime Determination and Indication

    [0102] In this case, the time-based consumption factor is time, and the use-based consumption factor is a number of usages of the waterless urinal cartridge and the indicator 602 (shown in FIG. 6) signals/indicates when a predetermined amount of time has passed or when a predetermined number of usages has accumulated since an installation of the waterless urinal cartridge, whichever occurs first. A flow chart depicting the acts of a time-and-use-based system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication is presented in FIG. 9. First, the system is powered on 900. Next a count limit 902 and a time limit 904 are set to determine when the indicator 602 should indicate a need to replace the cartridge. As non-limiting examples, the count and time limits may be set by the operator of the waterless urinal, or it may be pre-set by a manufacturer or a dealer. The clock is then started 906. Next, a check is made to determine whether the clock has exceeded the time limit 908. If the clock has exceeded the time limit, the indicator 602 is activated 910, indicating a need to replace the cartridge. If the clock has not exceeded the time limit, a detector 604 (shown in FIG. 6) awaits detection of a use 912. Once a use is detected, a count on the counter is incremented 914. A check is then made to determine whether the count on the counter exceeds the count limit 916, and if not, another check is made to determine whether the clock has exceeded the time limit 908 and the process continues from there. On the other hand, if the count on the counter exceeds the count limit, the indicator system is activated 910, indicating a need to replace the cartridge. Once the indicator 602 has been activated, an indicator system reset 918 can be triggered, causing a counter reset 920 and a clock reset 922. Once this has occurred, the clock is once again started 906 and the process continues from there. Non-limiting examples of counter resets 920 and a clock resets 922 are: automatically once the indicator has been triggered; automatically upon removal of the cartridge; automatically upon installation of a new cartridge; and manually by the operator of the urinal.

    (d) Time-and-Use-Based and Use-Frequency-Based Waterless Urinal Cartridge Lifetime Determination and Indication

    [0103] In this case, the time-based consumption factor is time, the use-based consumption factor is a number of usages of the waterless urinal cartridge, and the frequency-based consumption factor is a frequency of use of the waterless urinal cartridge, and the predetermined threshold is a function of the time-based consumption factor, the use-based consumption factor, and the frequency-based consumption factor. A flow chart depicting the acts of a time-and-use-based and use-frequency-based system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication is presented in FIG. 10. First, the system is powered on 1000. Next, a frequency of use system can be enabled or disabled 1002. Then, a count limit is set 1004, a time limit is set 1006, and a clock is started 1008. A set of checks is then performed to determine when the cartridge should be replaced. A check is performed to determine whether the clock has exceeded the time limit 1010. If the clock has exceeded the time limit, the indicator 602 (shown in FIG. 6) is activated 1012, signaling/indicating a need to replace the cartridge. If the clock has not exceeded the time limit, a detector 604 (shown in FIG. 6) awaits detection of a use 1014. Once a use is detected, a count on the counter is incremented 1016. A check is then made to determine whether the count on the counter exceeds the count limit 1018, and if not, another check is made to determine whether the clock has exceeded the time limit 1010 and the process continues from there. On the other hand, if the count on the counter exceeds the count limit, the indicator 602 is activated 1012, signaling/indicating a need to replace the cartridge. Once the indicator 602 has been activated, an indicator system reset 1020 can be triggered. The next operations depend on whether the frequency of use system is enabled 1022. If the frequency of the system has not been enabled, a counter reset 1024 and a clock reset 1026 are activated. Non-limiting examples of counter resets 1024 and clock resets 1026 are: automatically once the indicator has been triggered; automatically upon removal of the cartridge; automatically upon installation of a new cartridge; and manually by the operator of the urinal. If, on the other hand, the frequency of use system has been enabled 1022, then a frequency of use is calculated 1028 based on how often a use occurs. A new count limit is then set based on the frequency of use 1030. A new time limit is also set based on the frequency of use 1032. Once this has occurred, the clock is once again started 1008 and the process continues from there. As non-limiting examples, the time-and-use and the use-frequency limits may be set by the operator of the waterless urinal or may be pre-set by a manufacturer or a dealer.

    [0104] One of skill in the art will also appreciate that in another case, the time-based consumption factor can be time, and the frequency-based consumption factor can be a frequency of use of the waterless urinal cartridge where the predetermined threshold is a function of the time-based consumption factor and the frequency-based consumption factor. In a further case, the use-based consumption factor can be a number of usages of the waterless urinal cartridge, and the frequency-based consumption factor can be a frequency of use of the waterless urinal cartridge, where the predetermined threshold is a function of the use-based consumption factor and the frequency-based consumption factor.

    (e) Physical Characteristic-Based Waterless Urinal Cartridge Lifetime Determination and Indication

    [0105] A flow chart depicting the acts of a physical characteristic-based system for waterless urinal cartridge usage determination and indication is shown in FIG. 11. First, the system is powered on 1100. Next, a physical characteristic threshold is set 1102. A detector 604 (shown in FIG. 6) measures the physical characteristic and the system determines whether the measurement is over the physical characteristic threshold 1104. The measurement continues until the measurement exceeds the physical characteristic threshold. Once this occurs, an indicator 602 (shown in FIG. 6) is activated 1106. Once the indicator system 1106 has been activated, an indicator system reset 1108 can be triggered. The detector 604 (shown in FIG. 6) and indicator 602 are then reset 1110 and the process begins again. The physical characteristic threshold can be set by the operator of the waterless urinal, or it may preset by a manufacturer or a dealer.

    (4) Indicator Types

    [0106] Various types of indicators are presented in FIG. 12-15. Broadly, these non-limiting examples comprise visual and audio indicators as well as remote communications with various computer/data processing systems.

    (a) Visual Indicators

    [0107] A waterless urinal 100 is shown in FIG. 12 with example placements for a visual indicator. In the figure, the visual indicator at 1200a is placed on a wall proximate the waterless urinal 100, in this case above the waterless urinal 100. The visual indicator at 1200b is placed on the waterless urinal 100, above the bowl 104. The visual indicator at 1200c is placed on the waterless urinal 100 toward the bottom of the bowl 104. Visual indicators can range from a simple mechanical device such as a dial to a light that indicates when the cartridge needs replacement to colored displays that show text or images indicating the remaining life of the cartridge. The visual indicator can be active at all times; activated periodically after the cartridge needs replacement (e.g., a periodically flashing light); or activated by a signal from the operator, such as the press of a button. Further, the visual indicator may be located near or on the urinal 100 or at a remote location perceptible to the operator of the urinal.

    (b) Audio Indicators

    [0108] A waterless urinal 100 is shown in FIG. 13 with example placements for an audio indicator. In the figure, the audio indicator at 1300a is placed on a wall proximate the waterless urinal 100, in this case above the waterless urinal 100. The audio indicator at 1300b is placed on the waterless urinal 100, above the bowl 104. The audio indicator at 1300c is placed on the waterless urinal 100 toward the bottom of the bowl 104. Audio indicators can range from a simple periodic chirp that indicates when the cartridge needs replacement to spoken words indicating the remaining life of the cartridge. Like a visual indicator, an audio indicator can be active at all times; activated periodically after the cartridge needs replacement (e.g., a periodic beep or spoken message); or activated by a signal from the operator, such as the press of a button. Further, the audio indicator may be located near or on the urinal 100 or at a remote location perceptible to the operator of the urinal.

    (c) Hybrid Indicators

    [0109] A hybrid indicator/sensor module 1400 placed on a wall beneath a waterless urinal 100 is shown in FIG. 14. In this case, the hybrid indicator/sensor module 1400 comprises a visual indicator 1402, an audio indicator 1404, and a proximity sensor 1406 such as an optical sensor, a short-range radar, or an acoustic sensor. The hybrid indicator/sensor module 1400 is shown connected with the urinal 100 via a cable 1408. This enables the hybrid indicator/sensor module 1400 to communicate with the data processor that comprises the measuring/computing device 600 (as shown in FIG. 6). The visual indicator 1402 and the audio indicator 1404 are as described above. The proximity sensor 1406 detects the presence of a urinal user 102 (as shown in FIG. 1) in order for the system to count the number of uses of a cartridge, as will be described further below. The hybrid indicator/sensor module 1400 can be positioned on the waterless urinal 100; on a wall proximate the urinal; or remotely, as appropriate.

    (d) Remote Communications

    [0110] A non-limiting variety of remote communications mechanisms is shown in FIG. 15, allowing the system to communicate with remote computer systems to provide information about the cartridge status. The examples shown, include both wired and wireless communication mechanisms. A wireless interface 1500 can allow the system to communicate with remote computer systems in order to perform functions such as providing audio or visual alerts to the operator of the urinal 100. The operator of the urinal 100 can receive such alerts on a remote computing device 1502 such as a phone, a tablet, a computer, or other type of display. Non-limiting examples of these alerts include emails, alerts sent to a specific application, texts, etc. Rather than a wireless interface 1500, a wired interface could also be provided for the same purpose.

    [0111] As further shown in FIG. 15, the system may be connected either wirelessly or via cable to provide data to a local computer system 1504 or a cloud-based computer system 1506. Such communication can occur through a variety of mechanisms, non-limiting examples of which include building management system gateways, local ethernet networks, the Internet, cellular networks, and local Bluetooth connections.

    [0112] Computer systems such as described above, can provide a variety of functions when used in conjunction with the system of the present invention. Non-limiting examples include centralized monitoring of multiple urinals (potentially across multiple bathrooms in multiple buildings); gathering data on urinal usage; and automatic ordering replacement cartridges as current cartridges near the end of their lifespans.

    (5) Detector Types

    [0113] A variety of different criteria can be used for determining when a cartridge needs replacement. Generally, these fall into two categories: usage of a cartridge and changes in a physical characteristic of a cartridge or housing. A use of a cartridge requires a sensor that detects when a user has used the urinal. Non-limiting examples of sensors that can be used to detect a use include: a weight sensor in the floor, proximate the urinal, to detect when a user is close to the urinal; an optical sensor, proximate the urinal, to detect when a user is close to the urinal; a pressure sensor in the bowl of the urinal to detect the impact of urine in the urinal; an electrical conductivity sensor or a flow sensor to detect the presence of urine in the urinal; humidity sensor in the cartridge or housing to detect humidity from urine; and an actuator on or near the urinal through which a user can indicate a use. Non-limiting examples of sensors that can be used to detect changes in a physical characteristic of a cartridge or housing include: an optical sensor to measure the thickness of an oil layer in the cartridge; an optical sensor to detect solid buildup in the cartridge; a weight sensor in the urinal body or housing to detect changes in the cartridge weight due to solid buildup; a hollowed out area in the surface of a cartridge filled with an erodible coating; and a cartridge having a container filled with an erodible material. Each of these examples will be described below along with corresponding drawings showing their use with different cartridge types.

    [0114] Note that the sensors/detectors and/or the whole system may be disabled during maintenance or other activities in order to prevent the undesired counting of such activities for cartridge usage determination.

    (a) Use-Based Sensors

    (i) Weight Sensor in/on Floor

    [0115] An illustration of a weight sensor 1600 disposed in or on the floor proximate a urinal 100 with a user 102 standing thereon is shown in FIG. 16. A use is determined when weight is applied to the weight sensor 1600. In order to prevent false uses from being counted, a minimum threshold for the amount of weight sensed maybe applied. Further, a minimum and maximum amount time the weight is applied can also be used to eliminate false use detections. For example, a minimum weight of 25 pounds combined with a minimum application time of 20 seconds and a maximum application time of 2 minutes could be used to help ensure that a human has used the urinal 100 for a reasonable amount of time. This would help prevent items such as a mop bucket placed on the weight sensor 1600 for a longer period of time from being counted as a use. Although outliers, such as a user 102 remaining on the weight sensor 1600 for longer than 2 minutes, can occur; they are unlikely, and their exclusion from being counted as a use would not have a significant impact on the total number of uses counted.

    (ii) Optical Sensor on/Around the Urinal

    [0116] A waterless urinal 100 is shown in FIG. 17 with example placements for an optical sensor. In the figure, the optical sensor at 1700a is placed on a wall proximate the waterless urinal 100, in this case above the waterless urinal 100. The optical sensor at 1700b is placed on the waterless urinal 100, above the bowl 104. The optical sensor at 1700c is placed on the waterless urinal 100 toward the bottom of the bowl 104. The optical sensor is configured to detect the presence of a user 102 (shown in FIG. 16) within a predetermined distance in front of the urinal 100 (e.g., 3 feet). As with the weight sensor 1600, previously described, the optical sensor can also be configured such that when a detection lasts longer than a predetermined amount of time, the detection is discarded and does not count as a use.

    [0117] It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that other proximity sensors such as short-range radar or acoustic sensors can be substitutes for optical sensors.

    (iii) Pressure Sensors

    [0118] A pressure sensor 1800 located in the bowl 104 of a waterless urinal 100 is shown in FIG. 18. The pressure sensor 1800 can take the form of a mat in the bottom of the bowl 104 or it may be integral with the bowl 104 itself. Additionally, the pressure sensor 1800 may also be integral with either the cartridge 108 or the housing 110. Preferably, the pressure sensor 1800 is large enough to detect the pressure from a stream of urine in the areas that are most likely to be impacted in the bowl 104. The pressure sensor 1800 can be configured to detect a stream of urine for a minimum predetermined amount of time in order to count as a use. This is desirable to avoid counting individual spurts of urine as separate uses. The pressure sensor 1800 may also be configured to measure the total amount of time that urine has impacted with the bowl 104, whereby the amount of time urine flows into the bowl 104 can be used to generate counts.

    (iv) Electrical/Conductivity Sensors

    [0119] Electrical/conductivity sensors can be used to detect the presence of urine in a cartridge or housing in a waterless urinal 100. Examples of electrical/conductivity sensors and their placement are shown in FIGS. 19-22. The cartridge types shown in these figures correspond to those shown in and described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 2-5. It should be noted that although the present invention is shown applied to these example cartridges, it can also be applied to other types of cartridges. Thus, the present invention should not be considered limited to use with the cartridges shown.

    [0120] Turning now to the examples, a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge 200 within a housing 202 is shown in FIG. 19. Electrical/conductivity sensors 1900 are shown at various potential positions within the cartridge 200 and/or housing 202. These positions are selected as good candidates for where an electrical/conductivity sensor 1900 should be placed. Such sensors 1900 can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing. The positions shown include: at a top of a rear wall 1900a of the cartridge 200; near a top of a rear wall 1900b of the cartridge 200; near a bottom of a rear wall 1900c of the cartridge 200; and on a bottom of the housing 1900d. A use is counted when a circuit is formed, and electricity is conducted through the electrical/conductivity sensor 1900 due to the presence of urine. The simple presence of urine may count as a use or the presence of urine for at least a predetermined amount of time may count as a use. Alternatively, the total amount of time that urine is present may be counted where, when it exceeds a threshold, the cartridge is determined to need replacement.

    [0121] Next, a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge 300 within a housing 302 is shown in FIG. 20. An electric/conductivity sensor 1900 is shown at a potential position on a bottom wall 2000 of the housing 302. Such sensors can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing, as appropriate. Again, a use is counted when a circuit is formed, and electricity is conducted through the electrical/conductivity sensor due to the presence of urine. The simple presence of urine may count as a use or the presence of urine for at least a predetermined amount of time may count as a use. Alternatively, the total amount of time that urine is present may be counted where, when it exceeds a threshold, the cartridge is determined to need replacement.

    [0122] Next, a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve 400 within a housing 402 shown in FIG. 21. An electrical/conductivity sensor 1900 is shown at a potential position on a bottom wall 2100 of the housing 402. Such sensors can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing, as appropriate. Again, a use is counted when a circuit is formed, and electricity is conducted through the electrical/conductivity sensor due to the presence of urine. The simple presence of urine may count as a use or the presence of urine for at least a predetermined amount of time may count as a use. Alternatively, the total amount of time that urine is present may be counted where, when it exceeds a threshold, the cartridge is determined to need replacement.

    [0123] A cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge 500 within a housing 502 is shown in FIG. 22. Electrical/conductivity sensors 1900 are shown at various potential positions within the cartridge 500 and/or housing 502. These positions are selected as good candidates for where an electrical/conductivity sensor 1900 should be placed. Such sensors 1900 can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing. The positions shown include: at a top of a central wall 2200a of the cartridge 500; near a top of a central wall 2200b of the cartridge 500; near a bottom of a rear wall 2200c of the cartridge 500; and on a bottom of the housing 2200d. A use is counted when a circuit is formed, and electricity is conducted through the electrical/conductivity sensor 1900 due to the presence of urine. The simple presence of urine may count as a use or the presence of urine for at least a predetermined amount of time may count as a use. Alternatively, the total amount of time that urine is present may be counted where, when it exceeds a threshold, the cartridge is determined to need replacement.

    (v) Flow Sensors

    [0124] Flow sensors can be used to detect the flow of urine in a cartridge or a housing in a waterless urinal 100. Examples of flow sensors and their placement are shown in FIGS. 23-26. The cartridge types shown in these figures correspond to those shown in and described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 2-5. It should be noted that although the present invention is shown applied to these example cartridges, it can also be applied to other types of cartridges. Thus, the present invention should not be considered limited to use with the cartridges shown. A variety of flow sensor types can be used, non-limiting examples of which include paddle wheel or turbine-type flow sensors and electrical conductivity-type flow sensors. Although those specific types of sensors are shown with respect to the examples below, other types of sensors may be equally applicable.

    [0125] Turning now to the examples, a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge 200 within a housing 202 is shown in FIG. 23. Flow sensors 2300 are shown at various potential positions within the cartridge 200 and/or housing 202. These positions are selected as good candidates for where a flow sensor should be placed. Such sensors can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing. The positions shown include: a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 in the liquid passage 2300a of the cartridge 200; a paddle wheel-type flow sensor 2300 at a top of a rear wall 2300b of the cartridge 200; a paddle wheel-type flow sensor 2300 near a top of a rear wall 2300c of the cartridge 200; a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 near a bottom of a rear wall 2300d of the cartridge 200; and a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 on a bottom of the housing 2300e. Such sensors 2300 can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing, as appropriate. A use is counted when a flow of urine is detected. The simple presence of a flow of urine may count as a use or the presence of a flow of urine for at least a predetermined amount of time may count as a use. Alternatively, the total amount of time that urine flows may be counted where, when it exceeds a threshold, the cartridge is determined to need replacement.

    [0126] Next, a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge 300 within a housing 302 is shown in FIG. 24. Conductivity-type flow sensors 2300 are shown at potential positions within the cartridge 300 and housing 302, including: a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 on a surface the mechanical valve 2400a in the cartridge 300; and a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 on the bottom 2400b of the housing 302. Such sensors 2300 can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing, as appropriate. Again, a use is counted when a flow of urine is detected. The simple presence of a flow of urine may count as a use or the presence of a flow of urine for at least a predetermined amount of time may count as a use. Alternatively, the total amount of time that urine flows may be counted where, when it exceeds a threshold, the cartridge is determined to need replacement.

    [0127] Next, a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve 400 within a housing 402 shown in FIG. 25. Conductivity-type flow sensors 2300 are shown at potential positions within the cartridge 400 and housing 402, including: a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 on a surface of the mechanical valve 2500a in the cartridge 400; and a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 on the bottom 2500b of the housing 402. Such sensors 2300 can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing, as appropriate. Again, a use is counted when a flow of urine is detected. The simple presence of a flow of urine may count as a use or the presence of a flow of urine for at least a predetermined amount of time may count as a use. Alternatively, the total amount of time that urine flows may be counted where, when it exceeds a threshold, the cartridge is determined to need replacement.

    [0128] A cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge 500 within a housing 502 is shown in FIG. 26. Flow sensors 2300 are shown at various potential positions within the cartridge 500 and/or housing 502. These positions are selected as good candidates for where a flow sensor 2600 should be placed. Such sensors 2300 can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing. The positions shown include: a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 in the liquid passage 2600a of the cartridge 500; a paddle wheel-type flow sensor 2300 at a top of a central wall 2600b of the cartridge 500; a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 near a top of a rear wall 2600c of the cartridge 500; a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 near a bottom of a rear wall 2600d of the cartridge 500; and a conductivity-type flow sensor 2300 on a bottom 2600e of the housing 502. A use is counted when a flow of urine is detected. The simple presence of a flow of urine may count as a use or the presence of a flow of urine for at least a predetermined amount of time may count as a use. Alternatively, the total amount of time that urine flows may be counted where, when it exceeds a threshold, the cartridge is determined to need replacement.

    (vi) Humidity Sensors

    [0129] Humidity sensors can be used to detect the presence of urine in a cartridge or housing in a waterless urinal 100. Examples of humidity sensors and their placement are shown in FIGS. 27-30. The cartridge types shown in these figures correspond to those shown in and described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 2-5. It should be noted that although the present invention is shown applied to these example cartridges, it can also be applied to other types of cartridges. Thus, the present invention should not be considered limited to use with the cartridges shown.

    [0130] Turning now to the examples, a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge 200 within a housing 202 is shown in FIG. 27. Humidity sensors 2700 are shown at various potential positions within the cartridge 200 and/or housing 202. These positions are selected as good candidates for where a humidity sensor 2700 should be placed both to catch the humidity due to the presence of urine and to avoid direct contact with urine. Such sensors 2700 can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing. The positions shown include: on the bottom of a top surface 2700a of the cartridge 200; on the back wall 2700b of the cartridge 200; and on a top surface 2700c of the housing 202. A use is counted when humidity is detected.

    [0131] Next, a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge 300 within a housing 302 shown in FIG. 28. Humidity sensors 2700 are shown at potential positions within the cartridge 300 and housing 302, including: on the bottom of a top surface 2800a of the cartridge 300; on the inside of a sidewall 2800b of the cartridge; and on a top wall 2800c of the housing 302. Such sensors 2700 can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing, as appropriate. Again, a use is counted when humidity is detected.

    [0132] Next, a cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve 400 within a housing 402 shown in FIG. 29. Humidity sensors 2700 are shown at potential positions within the cartridge 400 and housing 402, including: on the bottom of a top surface 2900a of the cartridge 400; and on a side wall 2900b of the housing 402. Such sensors 2700 can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing, as appropriate. Again, a use is counted when humidity is detected.

    [0133] A cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge 500 within a housing 502 is shown in FIG. 30. Humidity sensors 2700 are shown at various potential positions within the cartridge 500 and/or housing 502. These positions are selected as good candidates for where a humidity sensor 2700 should be placed both to catch the humidity due to the presence of urine and to avoid direct contact with urine. Such sensors 2700 can be placed at one or more positions within the cartridge and/or housing. The positions shown include: on the bottom 3000a of the cartridge 500; and on a top surface 3000b of the housing 502. A use is counted when humidity is detected.

    (vii) Manual Use Actuator

    [0134] An isometric view of a wireless urinal 100 having a manual use actuator such as a button 3100 is shown in FIG. 31. Manual use actuators can take a variety of forms, non-limiting examples of which include buttons, pedals, handles, and switches. Typically, after using the waterless urinal 100, the user 102 (not shown) would activate the manual use actuator, in this case by pressing the button 3100. This indicates that use of the urinal 100 has occurred.

    (b) Physical Characteristic-Based Sensors

    [0135] Physical characteristic-based sensors present another way of determining when a cartridge needs replacement. Such sensors measure a physical characteristic of the cartridge, the housing, or an associated device. Non-limiting examples of physical characteristic-based sensors are presented below. The sensors can be used either alone or in conjunction with other sensors to aid in determining when the cartridge needs to be replaced.

    (i) Optical Sensors for Monitoring the Barrier Layer in Liquid Trap Cartridges

    [0136] Optical sensors can be used to monitor the barrier layer in a liquid trap cartridge in a waterless urinal 100. Non-limiting examples of optical sensors and their placement in liquid trap cartridges are shown in FIGS. 32-33. The cartridge types shown in these figures correspond to those shown in and described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 2 and 5. It should be noted that although the present invention is shown applied to these example cartridges, it can also be applied to other types of cartridges. Thus, the present invention should not be considered limited to use with the cartridges shown. Optical sensors can be positioned to monitor the barrier layer either directly, or indirectly through one or more windows in the walls of the housing and/or cartridge. The optical sensors monitor a thickness and/or opacity and/or color of the barrier for when a predetermined degree of change has occurred, which indicates a need to replace the cartridge.

    [0137] Turning now to the examples, a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge 200 within a housing 202 is shown in FIG. 32. Optical sensors 3200 and windows 3202 are shown at various potential positions within the cartridge 200 and/or housing 202. These positions are selected as good candidates for where such sensors and windows should be placed. The positions shown include: an optical sensor 3200 placed under the upper surface 3200a of the cartridge 202 paired with a window 3202 through an intermediate horizontal surface 3202a of the cartridge 202; an optical sensor 3200 placed on the central wall 3200b of the cartridge 202; and an optical sensor 3200 placed on the rear wall 3200c of the housing 202 with windows 3202 through the back wall 3202b and the rear wall 3202c of the cartridge, respectively.

    [0138] A cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge 500 within a housing 502 is shown in FIG. 33. Optical sensors 3200 and a window 3202 are shown at various potential positions within the cartridge 500 and/or housing 502. These positions are selected as good candidates for where such sensors 3200 and a window 3202 should be placed. The positions shown include: an optical sensor 3200 placed on a central wall 3300a of the cartridge 500; and an optical sensor 3200 placed on a wall 3300b of the housing 502 with a window 3202 through the liquid passage area of the cartridge 3302.

    (ii) Optical Sensors for Monitoring Solid Buildup

    [0139] Optical sensors can be used to monitor solid buildup in a cartridge in a waterless urinal 100. Non-limiting examples of optical sensors and their placement in such cartridges are shown in FIGS. 34-39. The cartridge types shown in these figures correspond to those shown in and described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 2-5. It should be noted that although the present invention is shown applied to these example cartridges, it can also be applied to other types of cartridges. Thus, the present invention should not be considered limited to use with the cartridges shown. Optical sensors can be positioned to monitor the solid buildup either directly, or indirectly through one or more windows in the walls of the housing and/or cartridge. The optical sensors monitor the solid buildup for when it reaches a predetermined thickness, which indicates a need to replace the cartridge.

    [0140] Turning now to the examples, a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge 200 within a housing 202 is shown in FIG. 34. Solid buildup 3400, mainly consisting of struvite, is shown on the inside bottom of the cartridge 200. Optical sensors 3200 and a window 3202 are shown at various potential positions within the cartridge 200 and/or housing 202. These positions are selected as good candidates for where such sensors 3200 and windows 3202 should be placed. The positions shown include: an optical sensor 3200 placed near the bottom of a front surface 3402a of the housing 202 paired with a window 3202 through a front surface 3404 of the cartridge 200; and an optical sensor 3200 placed on the rear wall 3402b of the cartridge 202.

    [0141] A cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge 500 within a housing 502 is shown in FIG. 35. Solid buildup 3400 is shown on the inside bottom of the cartridge 500. Optical sensors 3200 and a window 3202 are shown at various potential positions within the cartridge 500 and/or housing 502. These positions are selected as good candidates for where such sensors 3200 and windows 3202 should be placed. The positions shown include: an optical sensor 3200 placed near the bottom of a front surface 3500a of the housing 502, paired with a window 3202 through a front surface 3502 of the cartridge 500; and an optical sensor 3200 placed on the rear wall 3500b of the cartridge 500.

    [0142] A cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge 300 within a housing 302 is shown in FIG. 36. Solid buildup 3400 is shown on the inside bottom of the housing 302. An optical sensor 3200 is placed externally to the housing 302 (typically on the inside of the urinal 100, not shown), paired with a window 3202 through the front wall 3600 of the housing 302.

    [0143] A cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge 300 within a housing 302 is shown in FIG. 37. Solid buildup 3400 is shown on the inside bottom of the housing 302. An optical sensor 3200 is placed on the inside of a front wall 3700 of the housing 302 for monitoring the thickness of the solid buildup 3400.

    [0144] A cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve 400 within a housing 402 is shown in FIG. 38. Solid buildup 3400 is shown on the inside bottom of the housing 402. An optical sensor 3200 is placed externally to the housing 402 (typically on the inside of the urinal 100, not shown), paired with a window 3202 through the front wall 3800 of the housing 402.

    [0145] A cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge 400 within a housing 402 is shown in FIG. 39. Solid buildup 3400 is shown on the inside bottom of the housing 402. An optical sensor 3200 is placed on the inside of a front wall 3900 of the housing 402 for monitoring the thickness of the solid buildup 3400.

    (iii) Weight Sensors

    [0146] Weight sensors can be used to monitor changes in weight of a cartridge due to solid buildup therein. Examples of weight sensors and their placement are shown in FIGS. 40 and 41. The cartridge types shown in these figures correspond to those shown in and described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 2 and 5. It should be noted that although the present invention is shown applied to these example cartridges, it can also be applied to many types of cartridges. Thus, the present invention should not be considered limited to use with the cartridges shown. It should be noted that for weight sensors to be effective, the fit of the cartridge within the housing should allow for a small degree of vertical motion of the cartridge within the housing. It should be further noted that, although the examples shown weigh the cartridge within the housing, if the housing is allowed a small amount of vertical motion within the urinal 100, weight sensors may be applied to the housing to monitor changes in the weight of the cartridge due to buildup. The weight of the cartridge is monitored for when it reaches a predetermined threshold, indicating a need to replace the cartridge.

    [0147] Turning now to the examples, a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge 200 within a housing 202 is shown in FIG. 40. Weight sensors 4000 are shown at various potential positions between the cartridge 200 and housing 202. These positions are selected as good candidates for where a weight sensor 4000 should be placed. Such sensors 4000 can be placed at one or more positions between the cartridge 200 and housing 202. The positions shown include: weight sensors 4000 between a top surface 4000a of the cartridge 200 and a top surface 4000b of the housing 202; a weight sensor 4000 in an interlock portion 4000c between the cartridge 200 and the housing 202; and a weight sensor 4000 between the bottom 4000d of the cartridge 200 and the bottom 4000e housing 202.

    [0148] A cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge 500 within a housing 502 is shown in FIG. 41. Weight sensors 4000 are shown at various potential positions between the cartridge 500 and housing 502. These positions are selected as good candidates for where a weight sensor 4000 should be placed. Such sensors 4000 can be placed at one or more positions between the cartridge 500 and housing 502. The positions shown include: weight sensors 4000 between a top surface 4100a of the cartridge 500 and a top surface 4100b of the housing 502; a weight sensor 4000 in an interlock portion 4100c between the cartridge 500 and the housing 502; and a weight sensor 4000 between the bottom 4100d of the cartridge 500 and the bottom 4100e housing 502.

    (iv) Erodible Area on Cartridge Surface

    [0149] Another mechanism for determining when a cartridge needs replacement is the provision of an erodible material on a cartridge surface. Such a material can be deposited on the top of or in a hollowed-out area in the surface of the cartridge. As urine flows into the cartridge, the erodible material is gradually washed away to reveal an indicator that the cartridge needs replacing. Non-limiting examples of such an indicator include verbal messages, symbols, and colors. Examples of the placement of such materials are shown in FIGS. 42-44. The cartridge types shown in these figures correspond to those shown in and described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 2, 3, and 5. It should be noted that although the present invention is shown applied to these example cartridges, it can also be applied to other types of cartridges. Thus, the present invention should not be considered limited to use with the cartridges shown. Additionally, the placement of the erodible material and indicator in the figures described below are shown simply for illustration purposes; any desired placement may be used. Finally, in addition to providing a cover for the indicator, the erodible material may also include materials, such as sanitizers and deodorants, that are slowly released as the material erodes.

    [0150] Turning now to the examples, a cross-sectional side view of a liquid trap cartridge 200 within a housing 202 is shown in FIG. 42. An erodible material is placed within a hollowed-out area on the top surface of the cartridge 4200a. A top-down magnified view of the erodible material 4200b illustrates, for example, the message, REPLACE CARTRIDGE NOW after some erosion has occurred. Once the message is fully revealed, the cartridge should be replaced.

    [0151] A cross-sectional side view of a mechanical valve cartridge 300 within a housing 302 is shown in FIG. 43. An erodible material is placed within a hollowed-out area on the top surface of the cartridge 4300a. A top-down magnified view of the erodible material 4300b illustrates the message, REPLACE CARTRIDGE NOW after some erosion has occurred. Once the message is fully revealed, the cartridge should be replaced.

    [0152] A cross-sectional side view of an alternative liquid trap cartridge 500 within a housing 502 is shown in FIG. 44. An erodible material is placed within a hollowed-out area on the top surface of the cartridge 4400a. A top-down magnified view of the erodible material 4400b illustrates the message, REPLACE CARTRIDGE NOW after some erosion has occurred. Once the message is fully revealed, the cartridge should be replaced.

    (v) Associated Devices

    [0153] External devices connected to a cartridge, a housing, or a urinal maybe used to provide an indication of the need to replace a cartridge. Such devices may also be used in cases where there is no cartridge, such as where the housing houses a mechanical valve, in order to provide an indication of when the valve needs replacement. One illustration of such an external device is shown in FIGS. 45-47, where a clear ring-like structure 4500 filled with an erodible material is attached with a cartridge 4502 and is presented in a front view; a top-down front view; and a top view, respectively. A bottom view of just the ring-like structure 4500 is shown FIG. 48. Holes 4504 in the bottom of the ring-like structure 4500 allow urine to flow into contact with and gradually erode the erodible material with the ring-like structure 4500. The complete erosion of the erodible material is indicative of a need to replace the cartridge. The erodible material may also include materials, such as sanitizers and deodorants, that are slowly released as the material erodes.

    [0154] Finally, while this invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the invention may have other applications in other environments. It should be noted that many embodiments and implementations are possible. Also, it is envisioned that a wide variety of combinations of the various sensors and indicators presented herein may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Further, the following claims are in no way intended to limit the scope of the present invention to the specific embodiments described above. In addition, any recitation of means for is intended to evoke a means-plus-function reading of an element and a claim, whereas any elements that do not specifically use the recitation means for, are not intended to be read as means-plus-function elements, even if the claim otherwise includes the word means. Further, while particular method steps have been recited in a particular order, the method steps may occur in any desired order and fall within the scope of the present invention.