Abstract
Various implementations described herein include a screw locking receiver. The screw locking receiver includes a receiver frame which has a first surface, a second surface opposite and spaced apart from the first surface, and an inner surface which extends between the first surface and the second surface. The receiver frame defines a cylindrical inner channel having a central axis. The receiver includes a counterbore which extends along a first portion of the inner surface. The receiver includes a plurality of threads extending helically about a second portion of the inner surface. The counterbore has a diameter that is sufficient to accept a screw head having a non-parallel central axis with respect to a central axis of the inner channel when in a fastened position.
Claims
1-24. (canceled)
25. A screw locking receiver comprising a receiver frame having a top surface, a bottom surface, a first surface, a second surface opposite and spaced apart from the first surface, an inner surface which extends between the first surface and said second surface and defines a cylindrical inner channel having a central axis, a cylindrically shaped top counterbore, and a cylindrically shaped bottom counterbore; said first surface is spaced downwardly from said top surface; said second surface is spaced upwardly from said bottom surface; said inner surface includes a threaded region; said cylindrically shaped top counterbore extends from said top surface to said first surface; said cylindrically shaped top counterbore has a uniform diameter along a majority of the longitudinal length of said cylindrically shaped top counterbore; said cylindrically shaped top counterbore extends from said top surface to said first surface; said cylindrically shaped top counterbore has a uniform diameter along a majority of the longitudinal length of said cylindrically shaped top counterbore; said cylindrically shaped top counterbore is absent threading; said cylindrically shaped bottom counterbore is absent threading; said threaded region extends helically about at least a portion of said inner surface; a top of said threaded region terminates at a bottom surface of said cylindrically shaped top counterbore; a bottom of said threading terminations at a top surface of said cylindrically shaped bottom counterbore; a maximum diameter of said threaded portion is less than a maximum diameter of said cylindrically shaped top counterbore; said maximum diameter of said threaded portion is less than a maximum diameter of said cylindrically shaped bottom counterbore.
26. The screw locking receiver as defined in claim 25, wherein a depth of said cylindrically shaped top counterbore is sufficient to a) provide a flush surface between said first surface and a top portion of the screw head that is positioned furthest from said second surface when the screw is in the fastened position and a longitudinal axis is parallel to a central axis of said cylindrically shaped top counterbore, or b) a top portion of the screw is spaced downwardly from said first surface when the screw is in the fastened position and a longitudinal axis is parallel to a central axis of said cylindrically shaped top counterbore.
27. The screw locking receiver of claim 25, wherein a first portion of said inner surface has a diameter that is about 10 percent larger than a diameter of said inner surface.
28. The screw locking receiver of claim 25, wherein said threaded region includes first and second threads; said first and second threads are each helically shaped; said first and second threads are spaced from one another; a lead of each of said first and second threads starts at the top of said threaded region; said first and second threads each terminate at said top surface of said cylindrically shaped bottom counterbore.
29. The screw locking receiver of claim 28, wherein respective leads of said first and second threads are diametrically spaced apart from one another about a top of said inner surface.
30. The screw locking receiver of claim 25, wherein said screw locking receiver is composed of alloy that comprises Molybdenum, Titanium, Chromium, Cobalt, Nickel, Niobium, Tantalum, or Rhenium.
31. The screw locking receiver of claim 25, wherein said screw locking receiver is composed of alloy that comprises Molybdenum and Rhenium, and at least one of Cobalt, Chromium, Niobium, Tantalum, or Titanium.
32. A bone screw system comprising: a screw locking receiver according to claim 25; and a bone screw comprising: a cylindrical section having a first end, a second end, and a screw body having an outer surface which extends between said first end and said second end, and having a helical thread which extends axially about said outer surface of said screw body; and a head section having a first surface, a second surface which is opposite and spaced apart from said first surface, and an outer diameter, and wherein said second surface of said screw head is coupled to said first end of said cylindrical section of said screw; and wherein said screw locking receiver and said bone screw are configurable into a coupled position.
33. The system of claim 32, wherein said cylindrical section of said bone screw is disposed at least partially in said cylindrical inner channel of said screw locking receiver when in said coupled position.
34. The system of claim 32, wherein at least a portion of said head section of said bone screw is at least partially disposed within said cylindrically shaped top counterbore when in said coupled position.
35. The system of claim 32, wherein said helical thread of said bone screw is at least partially cross treaded with said threading of said screw locking receiver when in said coupled position.
36. The system of claim 32, wherein a portion of said first surface of said bone screw that is furthest away from said second surface of said screw locking receiver is flush with said first surface of said screw locking receiver.
37. The system of claim 36, wherein a central axis of said bone screw is not parallel with said central axis of said screw locking receiver.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. Like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
[0015] FIG. 1 is a side view of a bone screw coupled to a bone fixation locking plate in accordance with one or more implementations of the disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 2 is a cutaway side view of the bone screw coupled to the bone fixation locking plate as shown in FIG. 1, where the cutaway is taken is taken along line A-A.
[0017] FIG. 3 is a detail perspective view of the locking screw shown in FIG. 1 coupled to the bone fixation locking plate as shown in shown in FIG. 1.
[0018] FIG. 4 is a detail transparent side view of the bone screw coupled to the bone fixation locking plate as shown in FIG. 1 where the bone screw and the bone fixation locking plate have coaxial central axes.
[0019] FIG. 5 is a detail transparent side view of the bone screw coupled to the bone fixation locking plate as shown in FIG. 1 where the bone screw and the bone fixation locking plate having central axes that are not coaxial.
[0020] FIG. 6 is detail cutaway side view of the bone screw coupled to the bone fixation locking plate shown in FIG. 1, where the cutaway is taken is taken along line A-A.
[0021] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a bone fixation locking plate in accordance with one or more implementations of the disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 8 is a top view of the bone fixation locking plate shown in FIG. 7.
[0023] FIG. 9 is a cutaway side view of the bone fixation locking plate shown in FIG. 7, where the cutaway is taken is taken along line A-A shown in FIG. 10.
[0024] FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the bone fixation locking plate shown in FIG. 7.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present disclosure. As used in the specification, and in the appended claims, the singular forms a, an, the include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term comprising and variations thereof as used herein is used synonymously with the term including and variations thereof and are open, non-limiting terms. The terms optional or optionally used herein mean that the subsequently described feature, event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said feature, event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not. Ranges may be expressed herein as from about one particular value, and/or to about another particular value. When such a range is expressed, an aspect includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent about, it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint.
[0026] Implementations of bone screw locking receivers and bone screw locking systems are provided herein. The bone screw locking system includes a bone screw locking receiver that has a counterbore, and a bone screw that is couplable to the bone screw locking receiver. The apparatuses and systems described herein provide mechanisms to securely couple a bone screw to a receiver at an angle where a central axis of the bone screw is either parallel or non-parallel with a longitudinal axis of the receiver. By including a counterbore in the receiver, the receiver provides a lateral cavity for the bone screw to rotate off axis, which limits deformation of the receiver. The receiver can be placed in a patient during an operation to secure the bone screw. During an operation the receiver is placed in a patent, adjacent to a desired bone structure. The bone screw is advanced into the desired patient location and into the receiver. In applications where the bone screw is inserted at an angle having a central axis different than the central axis of the receiver (non-parallel axes), the bone screw can be advanced into the receiver such that a flush surface is formed on a first side of the receiver furthest away from a second end of the bone screw (described below). A plurality of helical threads is also provided in the receiver in addition to the counterbore. The helical threads give additional surface interface for the bone screw to engage and securely couple to the receiver.
[0027] FIGS. 1-6 show a bone screw system 100. The bone screw system 100 includes a bone screw locking receiver 102 as shown in FIGS. 1-10 and a bone screw 104.
[0028] As shown in FIGS. 1-10, the bone screw locking receiver 102 includes a receiver frame 106 having a first surface 108 and a second surface 110 opposite and spaced apart from the first surface 108. The receiver frame 106 has a square shaped axial cross section such that outer edges of the receiver 102 form a square outer profile. The receiver 102 also includes an inner surface 112 which extends between the first surface 108 and the second surface 110 and defines a cylindrical inner channel 114 having a central axis 116. The central axis 116 of the inner channel 114 extends through a center point of the receiver 102 such that the inner channel 114 extends centrally through the receiver 102.
[0029] The receiver 102 includes a counterbore 118 which extends along a first portion 120 of the inner surface 112. The counterbore 118 is a cylindrical bore that forms an inner diameter in the inner channel 114 (e.g., the portion along the first portion 120 of the inner surface 112) that is larger than the diameter of the other portions of the inner channel 114 (e.g., the portion along a second portion 124 of the inner surface 112). The first portion 120 extends from the first surface 108 into the inner channel 114 by an axial length of 0.035 inches. The counterbore 118 has a constant diameter along its axial length, such that the counterbore 118 is a uniform cylindrical shape. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10, the diameter of the counterbore 118 is 10 percent larger than the diameter of the second portion 124 (described below). The counterbore 118 has a diameter of 0.195 inches. The receiver 102 also includes a second counterbore 119 that is shaped similarly to the counterbore 118 described above and extends from the second surface 110 of the receiver into the second portion 124 of the inner surface 112. The second counterbore 119 has a diameter of 0.195 inches and has an axial length that is less than the axial length of the first counterbore 118.
[0030] The receiver 102 as shown in FIGS. 1-10 includes two threads 122 extending helically about the second portion 124 of the inner surface 112 adjacent the first portion 120 of the receiver 102. The threads 122 are embedded in the inner surface 112 and extend helically along the central axis 116 of the inner channel 114. The threads 122 have a uniform helical pitch, such that each of the two threads 122 have a constant pitch that extends along the axial length of the second portion 124. The threads 122 have a pitch of 2 mm. The threads 122 have leads 126 which abut the counterbore 118. The leads are circumferentially offset from each other about the inner surface 112 of the receiver 102. This circumferential offset provides additional points of engagement for a bone screw 104 and provides a counter thread structure for securely engaging a bone screw 104. The threads 122 are circumferentially offset by 180 degrees to guide a bone screw entering at a plurality of rotational positions. The receiver 102 includes a land 121 adjacent the threads 122 that extends along at least a portion of the second portion 124 of the inner surface 112. The land 121 has a maximum thickness that is equal to an axial length of the counterbore 118 and provides a transition surface between the first portion 120 and the second portion 124. The receiver 102 is optionally formed from an alloy having a constituent of molybdenum, titanium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, niobium, tantalum, or rhenium in some implementations. For example, in some implementations, the receiver 102 is optionally formed from an alloy having a primary constituent of molybdenum and/or rhenium. Optionally, in some implementations, the receiver is formed from an alloy that is composed of molybdenum, rhenium, and at least one of cobalt, chromium, niobium, tantalum, or titanium. Optionally, the alloy can be composed of less than 50% molybdenum by weight, less than 50% rhenium by weight, and from 1 to 20% of at least one of cobalt, chromium, niobium, tantalum, or titanium by weight. It should be understood that the receiver 102 can be made from other suitable materials. Additionally, this disclosure contemplates that the receiver 102 can be manufactured by molding, machining, additive manufacturing or any other method of manufacturing suitable for forming a bone screw receiver.
[0031] In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10 the receiver frame 106 is square shaped, but in other implementations, the receiver frame is circular, rectangular, or any other shape suitable for securing a bone screw 104 in a patient's bone structure. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10, the first and second counterbore 118, 119 each have a diameter of 0.195 inches, but in other implementations the first and second counterbore each have a diameter between 0.185 inches and 0.205 inches or any other diameter suitable for accepting an off-axis bone screw 104. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10 the cylindrical inner channel 114 has a counterbore 118 that extends centrally through the receiver frame 106. But in other implementations, the inner channel 114 extends through the receiver frame 106 at a non-central location. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10, the first portion 120 extends from the first surface 108 into the inner channel 114 by an axial length of 0.035 inches. But in other implementations, the first portion 120 extends into the inner channel 114 by an axial length between 0.030 inches and 0.050 inches or any other axial length suitable to secure a bone screw and limit axially perpendicular deformation in the case of off axis bone screw insertion. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10 the diameter of the counterbore is 10 percent larger than the diameter of the second portion 126 of the inner surface 112. But in other implementations, the counterbore is about 15 percent larger than the second section, 20 percent larger than the second section, or any other percentage larger than the second section suitable to secure a bone screw and limit axially perpendicular deformation in the case of off axis bone screw insertion. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10, the receiver 102 includes the counterbore 118 and the second counterbore 119 as shown in the example shown in FIGS. 2, 4-6, 7, and 9. But in some implementations, the receiver only includes the counterbore 118 and does not include the second counterbore 119. The second counterbore 119 in the example shown in FIGS. 1-10 has an axial length that is less than the axial length of the counterbore 118, but in other implementations the second counterbore 119 has an axial length that is greater than or equal to the axial length of the counterbore 118. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10 the receiver 102 has two screw threads 122, but in other implementations the receiver 102 has three screw threads, four screw threads, or any other plurality of screw threads suitable for forming counter screw threads in an inner diameter of a channel 114. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10 the screw threads have a pitch of 2 mm, but in other implementations the threads 122 have a pitch between 1-3 mm, or any other pitch suitable for engaging a bone screw. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10, the threads 122 have a uniform helical pitch. But in other implementations, the threads have a non-uniform helical pitch such that at least one of the threads has a pitch that extends at a varying pitch along the axial length of the second portion 126.
[0032] In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10, the threads 122 have leads 126 that are circumferentially spaced apart from each other about the inner surface 112 of the receiver 102 by 180 degrees. But in other implementations, they are spaced apart by is 90 degrees, 270 degrees or any other angle that is suitable for engaging a bone screw with a counter screw thread pattern. In some implementations the leads 126 are spaced apart evenly about the circumference of the inner diameter. But in other implementations, the leads 126 are unevenly spaced apart about the circumference of the inner diameter. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10, the receiver 102 has two leads 126. But in other implementations, the receiver has three leads, four leads, or any other number of leads suitable for accepting and securing a bone screw at a plurality of angles. In the example shown in FIGS. 1-10 the land 121 has a thickness of 10 millionths of an inch. But in some implementations, the thickness of the land is any thickness between about 10 and 20 mil. The receiver 102 is formed from molybdenum-titanium alloy in some implementations. But in other implementations, the receiver is formed from molybdenum-rhenium; titanium such as titanium-6Al-4V; alloy having a primary constituent of molybdenum, titanium, chromium, cobalt, or nickel; or any other material suitable for forming a bone screw receiver. In some implementations, the receiver 102 is coupled to a plurality of other receivers to form a bone stabilization plate (not shown). The cross sections can be coupled together along their edges such that a first surface and a second surface of each receiver is coplanar, and the inner channels of each receiver are axially parallel.
[0033] FIGS. 1-6 show the bone screw 104. The bone screw 104 is structured to engage with the bone structure of a patient and secure or fasten the bones in a desired position with respect to the receiver 102. The bone screw 104 includes a cylindrical section 128 and a head section 129. The cylindrical section 128 has a first end 130, a second end 132, and a screw body 134. The bone screw 104 has a central axis 146 that extends through the cylindrical section 128 and the head section 129. The screw body 134 has an outer surface 136 which extends between the first end 130 and the second end 132. The cylindrical section 128 has an outer diameter of 3.5 mm. The bone screw 104 also includes a helical thread 138 which extends axially about the outer surface 136 of the screw body 134. The helical thread 138 has a constant pitch that provides an interface to engage with the desired bone segment and the receiver 102. The head section 129 has a first surface 140, a second surface 142 which is opposite and spaced apart from the first surface 140 and disposed at a transition angle configured to smoothly connect to the to the cylindrical section 128, and an outer diameter 144. The outer diameter 144 of the head section 129 is 0.182 inches.
[0034] The head section 129 provides an interface for a physician or technician to manipulate the bone screw 104 during an operation and secure the bone screw 104 in a desired position. The head section 129 defines an internal cavity 131 that is provides an interface to accept a manipulation tool such as a drill bit for tightening. Although the cylindrical section 128 in the example shown in FIGS. 1-6 has an outer diameter of 3.5 mm, in other implementations, the cylindrical section 128 has an outer diameter between about 2.5 mm and 4 mm, or any other diameter suitable for a bone screw cylinder. Although the head section 129 in the example shown in FIGS. 1-6 has a diameter of 0.182 inches, in other implementations, the head section 129 has an outer diameter between about 0.175 mm and 0.185 mm, or any other diameter suitable for a bone screw cylinder.
[0035] As described above, FIGS. 1-6 show the bone screw 104 engaged with the receiver 102 in a coupled position where a portion of the cylindrical section 128 is disposed in the inner channel 114. The helical thread 138 engages with the threads 122 when in the coupled position. One of the two threads 122 guide the bone screw 104 into position and the counter thread provides a securing frictional surface for the bone screw 104. The head section 129 is disposed within the counterbore 118 such that the first surface 140 of the head section 129 is coplanar with the first surface 108 of the receiver 104 as shown in FIGS. 1-4 and 6.
[0036] As shown in FIG. 5, the bone screw 104 can also be in a coupled position where the central axis 116 of the receiver 102 is not parallel with the central axis 146 of the bone screw 104. In this orientation the helical thread 138 is cross threaded with both of the threads 122. This provides an additional frictional surface and interference fit for the bone screw 104 to couple the bone screw in a fixed position. The bone screw head 129 is received in the counterbore 118 and partially embeds into the receiver 102 such that no part of the bone screw 104 protrudes beyond the counterbore in a direction past the first surface 108 of the receiver 102. As such, the portion of the first surface 140 of the bone screw 104 furthest away from the second surface 110 of the screw locking receiver 102 is flush with the first surface 108 of the screw locking receiver 102. Further, the counterbore 118 provides axial space for the screw head 129 of the bone screw 104 to be placed and limits deformation of the receiver 102 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the receiver 102.
[0037] Although shown and described is what is believed to be the most practical and preferred implementations, it is apparent that departures from specific designs and methods described and shown will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention is not restricted to the particular constructions described and illustrated but should be constructed to cohere with all modifications that may fall within the scope of the appended claims.
