Abstract
Heat exchanger (100) designed as a gas-solid body heat exchanger includes at least one support (10, 15, 20) having a multiplicity of heat exchanger rods (30) arranged on the support, wherein the heat exchanger rods extend like rays from the support.
Claims
1. Heat exchanger (100) designed as a gas-solid body heat exchanger comprising at least one support (10, 15, 20) having a multiplicity of heat exchanger rods (30) arranged on the support, wherein the heat exchanger rods extend like rays from the support.
2. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, in which the at least one support is an internal support (10), from the outer surface of which the heat exchanger rods (30) extend, or an external support (15), from the inner surface of which the heat exchanger rods (30) extend, or a middle support (20), from the inner surface and from the outer surface of which heat exchanger rods extend.
3. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, in which the heat exchanger rods (30) are arranged in such a way that the heat exchanger rods form a continuous surface when considered in a plan view of an end face of the heat exchanger.
4. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 3, in which, in addition, at least one heat exchanger rod is covered by another heat exchanger rod in this plan view of an end face of the heat exchanger, wherein a multiplicity of heat exchanger rods is preferably covered by a multiplicity of other heat exchanger rods.
5. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 3, in which the external support forms a housing or is integrated into a housing (50).
6. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the heat exchanger rods (30) is arranged at uniform or nonuniform intervals with respect to one another on the support (10, 15, 20) within at least one plane, which is preferably arranged orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger, and/or where-in the planes are spaced apart equally or unequally from one another.
7. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, in which the at least one support (10, 15, 20) has a circular, oval, rectangular or polygonal cross section.
8. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, in which in each case a plurality of heat exchanger rods (30), in particular all the heat exchanger rods, are of the same construction.
9. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, in which at least one of the heat exchanger rods (30) has a round, oval, rectangular or polygonal cross section, and a length of the heat exchanger rod is a multiple of the largest cross-sectional dimension of the heat exchanger rod.
10. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, in which at least one of the heat exchanger rods (30) has a constant or a varying cross-sectional profile over its length, wherein the variation in the cross section over the length is continuous or discrete, or in which at least one of the heat exchanger rods (30) has a cross-sectional profile over its length which is a combination of regions with constant cross sections and regions with cross sections that vary continuously or discretely over the length.
11. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, in which at least one of the heat exchanger rods (30) is of rectilinear or bent or spiral design.
12. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, in which at least one of the heat exchanger rods (30) is hollow.
13. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger rods (30) all have the same length or a plurality of heat exchanger rods (30) has different lengths.
14. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of heat exchanger rods (30) is mounted individually on the support (10, 15, 20) and/or a plurality of heat exchanger rods (30) grouped together into heat exchanger groups (40) is mounted on said support.
15. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the heat exchanger rods (30) comprises a ceramic, a polymer material, in particular polystyrene or ABS, or a metallic material, in particular stainless steel.
16. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger rods (30) are arranged in sockets (5) on the support (10, 15, 20).
17. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, in which the support (10, 15, 20) and the heat exchanger rods (30) are manufactured together in integral form.
18. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, having at least one dividing wall for the fluidically separate guidance of two air flows over the entire longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger.
19. Heat exchanger system (200) comprising at least two heat exchangers (100) according to claim 1, and at least one connecting element, which is designed to connect at least two heat exchangers to one another.
20. Heat exchanger system (200) according to claim 19, in which the at least one connecting element is formed on at least one heat exchanger.
21. Heat exchanger system (200) according to claim 19, in which the at least one connecting element is a separate component, in particular a connecting element arranged between at least two heat exchangers (100) in an assembled state, or a socket arranged around at least parts of the heat exchangers, or a housing around the heat exchangers.
22. Ventilator (300) comprising at least one heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1 or at least one heat exchanger system (200) that includes more than one such heat exchanger and at least one fan (210), wherein the at least one fan can preferably be operated bidirectionally.
23. Ventilator (300) according to claim 22, further comprising a common housing, in which the at least one heat exchanger (100) or the at least one heat exchanger system (200) and the at least one fan (210) are arranged.
24. Double ventilator (400) for interior ventilation, having, in a common housing (50), a first air-guiding device for guiding a first air flow, which has a first interior-side outlet, a first flow space, in which at least one first bidirectionally operable fan (210) is arranged, and a first external outlet, a second air-guiding device, fluidically separated from the first air-guiding device, for guiding a second air flow, which has a second interior-side outlet, a second flow space, in which at least one second bidirectionally operable fan (210) is arranged, and a second external outlet, at least one heat exchanger (100) according to claim 2, which extends in the first and in the second air-guiding device, is arranged between the respective interior-side and the external outlet in both air-guiding devices, and is designed to guide the first air flow and the second air flow in a fluidically separated but thermally coupled manner by means of the middle support (20) or the dividing wall (90), wherein the heat exchanger (100) in the first and the second air-guiding device in each case additionally forms a regenerator, wherein the first and the second interior-side outlet are arranged in a fluidically separated manner in a common interior-side partial housing, and the first and the second external outlet are arranged in a fluidically separated manner in a common external partial housing, and wherein the first and the second flow space as well as the heat exchanger (100) are arranged in a common middle part of the housing (50).
25. Double ventilator (400) for interior ventilation, having, in a common housing (50), a first air-guiding device for guiding a first air flow, which has a first interior-side outlet, a first flow space, in which at least one first bidirectionally operable fan (210) is arranged, and a first external outlet, a second air-guiding device, fluidically separated from the first air-guiding device, for guiding a second air flow, which has a second interior-side outlet, a second flow space, in which at least one second bidirectionally operable fan (210) is arranged, and a second external outlet, a heat exchanger system (200) according to claim 19, which extends in the first and in the second air-guiding device, is arranged between the respective interior-side and the external outlet in both air-guiding devices, and is designed to guide the first air flow and the second air flow in a fluidically separated but thermally coupled manner by means of the middle support (20) or the dividing wall (90), wherein the heat exchanger system (200) in the first and the second air-guiding device in each case additionally forms a regenerator, wherein the first and the second interior-side outlet are arranged in a fluidically separated manner in a common interior-side partial housing, and the first and the second external outlet are arranged in a fluidically separated manner in a common external partial housing, and wherein the first and the second flow space as well as the heat exchanger system are arranged in a common middle part of the housing (50).
Description
[0076] Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained by way of example of the appended figures. In the figures:
[0077] FIG. 1a: shows a detail view of one embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0078] FIG. 1b: shows a detail view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0079] FIG. 1c: shows a detail view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0080] FIG. 2a: shows a detail view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0081] FIG. 2b: shows a detail view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0082] FIG. 3a: shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0083] FIG. 3b: shows a plan view of the embodiment of the heat exchanger in FIG. 3a,
[0084] FIG. 4a: shows a detail view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0085] FIG. 4b: shows a detail view of the embodiment of the heat exchanger in FIG. 4a,
[0086] FIG. 5a: shows a sectioned view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0087] FIG. 5b: shows a plan view of the embodiment of the heat exchanger in FIG. 5b,
[0088] FIG. 6a: shows a sectioned view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0089] FIG. 6b: shows a plan view of the embodiment of the heat exchanger in FIG. 5b,
[0090] FIG. 7: shows a plan view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0091] FIG. 8a: shows a sectioned view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the invention,
[0092] FIG. 8b: shows a plan view of the embodiment of the heat exchanger in FIG. 8a,
[0093] FIG. 9: shows a sectioned view of one embodiment of a heat exchanger system according to the second aspect of the invention,
[0094] FIG. 10: shows a sectioned view of one embodiment of a ventilation system according to the third aspect of the invention.
[0095] In the following description of exemplary embodiments, similar reference signs generally refer to similar elements.
[0096] FIG. 1a shows a portion of an internal support 10 of a heat exchanger 100 having sockets 5, in which heat exchanger rods 30 are arranged, wherein the heat exchanger rods 30 are shown only in part. FIG. 1b shows a portion of the internal support 10 of the heat exchanger 100 having heat exchanger rods 30 which are connected integrally to the internal support 10. FIG. 1c shows variously arranged sockets 5 in a cross section through the internal support 10.
[0097] As illustrated in FIG. 1a, the sockets 5 can extend radially into the internal support 10, such that the heat exchanger rods 30 arranged in the sockets 5 extend radially in a direction away from the internal support 10. FIG. 1c shows a socket 5 arranged radially and a socket 5 arranged obliquely in a cross section of an internal support 10. Obliquely arranged sockets 5 in the internal support 10 result in a correspondingly oblique arrangement of the heat exchanger rods 30 on the internal support 10.
[0098] The heat exchanger rods 30 and the support 10 are preferably manufactured as an integral part, as shown in FIG. 1b. This makes it possible to avoid installation of the heat exchanger rods 30 in the sockets 5 of the support 10, thereby making it possible to save manufacturing effort and manufacturing costs. For this purpose, it is advantageous to use additive manufacturing methods, e.g. 3D printing methods.
[0099] FIG. 2a shows an individual heat exchanger rod 30 in a side view. Here, a length of the heat exchanger rod 30 is a multiple of its maximum cross-sectional dimension. The heat exchanger rod 30 shown here has a round cross section. Alternatively, heat exchanger rods may also have an oval, rectangular or polygonal cross section.
[0100] FIG. 2b shows a plurality of heat exchanger rods 30, which are grouped together into a heat exchanger group 40. The individual heat exchanger rods 30 are arranged in such a manner that they rest tightly against one another in such a way in a lower portion on a lower side of the heat exchanger group 40 that the lower portion can be secured in a socket 5. The heat exchanger rods 30 of the heat exchanger group 40 shown have different lengths.
[0101] FIG. 3a shows by way of example a cross section through a greatly enlarged portion of one embodiment of a heat exchanger rod 31 with a studded surface. The studded surface ensures additional swirling of a gas flowing past the heat exchanger rod 31. FIG. 3b shows a plan view of an end face of the heat exchanger rod 31 from FIG. 3a. Thus, FIGS. 3a and 3b show a cross section which varies discretely over the length of the heat exchanger rod 31. This advantageously results in powerful swirling of a gas flowing past the heat exchanger rods 31, and increased efficiency of the heat exchanger results from the fact that heat exchanger rods 30 are manufactured as internally hollow. The heat exchanger rods 30 of the heat exchanger 100 can have the same lengths or different lengths.
[0102] FIG. 4a shows illustratively positioned heat exchanger rods 30 in four planes E1 to E4 in a plan view of an internal support 10. FIG. 4b shows the heat exchanger rods 30 in a plan view of an end face of the internal support 10 in accordance with an arrow direction indicated in FIG. 4a. The heat exchanger rods 30 are positioned over the planes E1 to E4 in such a way that a heat exchanger rod 30 in plane E1 partially covers the heat exchanger rod 30 which follows it in plane E2. Moreover, the heat exchanger rods 30 are arranged in parallel only over each second plane and are arranged offset with respect to each adjacent plane. For example, the heat exchanger rod 30 in the first plane E1 is arranged offset with respect to the heat exchanger rod 30 in the second plane E2 and parallel to the heat exchanger rod in plane E3. Owing to such an offset arrangement of the heat exchanger rods 30 on a support 10, 15, 20, a gas flowing through the heat exchanger 100 cannot take a direct and straight path through the heat exchanger 100. On the contrary, the gas flowing through the heat exchanger 100 will strike each heat exchanger rod and then flow past it on both sides of the heat exchanger rod 100. This process is repeated at each heat exchanger rod 30, resulting in efficient heat transfer between the gas and the heat exchanger rods 30. Different cross-sectional shapes and surface characteristics of the heat exchanger rods 30 further increase the efficiency of heat transfer between the gas and the heat exchanger rods 30.
[0103] FIG. 5a shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger 100 having an internal support 10 and having heat exchanger rods 30 arranged on the internal support 10. Here, the heat exchanger rods 30 are arranged in planes that are orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger. In each subsequent plane, the heat exchanger rods 30 are rotated through an angle with respect to a preceding plane of the heat exchanger rods 30. By virtue of the rotated arrangement of one plane of heat exchanger rods 30 with respect to a preceding plane of heat exchanger rods 30, the heat exchanger rods 30 cover one another, with the result that a gas flowing through the heat exchanger rods 30 cannot take a free, continuous path through the heat exchanger but, as it passes through each plane, it collides with heat exchanger rods 30 in the respective plane and is deflected and decelerated. This results in increased efficiency of the heat exchanger 100. By way of example, two planes are denoted by C (solid arrow) and D (dashed arrow) in FIG. 5a. FIG. 5b shows a plan view of an end face of the heat exchanger 100. By way of example, only the heat exchanger rods 30 in planes C and D are illustrated in the plan view, the heat exchanger rods being displaced by an angle with respect to one another. Owing to the offsetting of the heat exchanger rods 30 in planes C and D, a larger proportion of a cross section of the heat exchanger 100 through which a gas can flow is covered, leading to increased deflection of the gas flowing through the heat exchanger 100. The heat exchanger rods 30 are preferably arranged so close together over the entire length of the internal support 10 and offset in such a way with respect to one another across the planes that no open connection through the heat exchanger is visible in the plan view. In other words: in the plan view of the end face of the heat exchanger 100, the multiplicity of heat exchanger rods 30 then forms a continuous, opaque surface. This results in particularly efficient heat exchange between a gas flowing through the heat exchanger 100 and the heat exchanger rods 30 on account of the large number of collisions between the gas and the heat exchanger rods 30. Moreover, uniform coverage of the flow cross section by the heat exchanger rods 30 is achieved by means of the offset arrangement of the heat exchanger rods 30. The heat exchanger 100 shown in FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b can be integrated into a housing 50, which surrounds the heat exchanger 100 in the form of a lateral surface enveloping the internal support 10.
[0104] FIG. 6a shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger 110 having an internal support 10 and an external support 15. In the embodiment shown, the external support 15 has an annular hollow profile with a diameter and a length, and the internal support 10 has a cylindrical solid profile with a smaller diameter than that of the external support and a length corresponding approximately to the length of the external support 15. The internal support 10 is arranged concentrically in the external support 15, and therefore both supports 10, 15 extend in the same direction, and an annular flow channel extending in the direction of extent of the longitudinal axes of the supports 10, 15 is formed between them. Arranged on an outer side of the internal support 10 and on an inner side of the external support 15 are heat exchanger rods 30, which extend into the flow channel formed between the supports 10, 15. The heat exchanger rods 30 of the external support 15 are sufficiently long to extend into the internal support 10. The heat exchanger rods 30 of the internal support 10 are so long that they extend as far as the external support 15. As a result, the external support 15 can rest on the heat exchanger rods 30 of the internal support 10. By virtue of the tightly packed heat exchanger rods 30 of the supports 10, 15, the external support 15 is fixed in its position and cannot slip or twist. A gas can flow through the annular flow channel between the external support 15 and the internal support 10. During this process, a large number of collisions inevitably takes place between particles of the gas and the heat exchanger rods 30, as a consequence of which a large number of heat transfers takes place between the gas and the heat exchanger rods 30. In addition, the heat exchanger 100 can be integrated into a housing 50, or the external support 15 forms the housing 50.
[0105] FIG. 6b shows a plan view of an end face of the heat exchanger 110 from FIG. 6a. In this view, the heat exchanger rods 30 of planes C (solid arrow) and D (dashed arrow) from FIG. 6a are shown. The planes are offset by an angle with respect to one another, and therefore the heat exchanger rods 30 in one plane partially cover the heat exchanger rods 30 in a subsequent plane. As a result, a direct path through the flow channel with few collisions with the heat exchanger rods 30 is denied to a gas flowing through the annular flow channel. On the contrary, the offset arrangement of the heat exchanger rods 30 forces the gas to take a path through the flow channel with a large number of inevitable collisions with the heat exchanger rods 30. As a result, there is effective heat transfer between the gas and the heat exchanger rods 30.
[0106] FIG. 7 shows a plan view of an end face of a heat exchanger 120 having an annular hollow external support 15 and a cylindrical internal support 10 with a solid profile. The internal support 10 is arranged concentrically in the external support 15, and therefore the two supports 10, 15 extend in the same direction. Arranged on the inner surface of the external support 15 and on the outer surface of the internal support 10 are heat exchanger rods 30, which extend into an annular flow channel formed between the external support 15 and the internal support. A dividing wall 90 runs vertically through the annular flow channel between the internal support 10 and the external support 15. The dividing wall 90 furthermore extends along a length of the heat exchanger and divides the annular flow channel into two flow chambers that are fluidically separated but thermally coupled.
[0107] FIG. 8a shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger 130 having an annular external support 15, an annular middle support 20, and a cylindrical internal support 10. The supports 10, 15, 20 are arranged coaxially one inside the other, such that the internal support 10 is arranged coaxially in the middle support 20, and the middle support 20 is arranged coaxially in the external support 15. The supports 10, 15, 20 extend in the same direction. An outer annular flow channel is formed between the external support 15 and the middle support, and an inner annular flow channel is formed between the middle support 20 and the internal support 10. Heat exchanger rods 30 are arranged on the inner side of the external support 15, and on the outer side of the internal support 10, as well as on the inner and outer sides of the middle support 20. The heat exchanger rods extend into the outer and inner flow channels.
[0108] FIG. 8b shows a plan view of an end face of the heat exchanger 130 from FIG. 12a. The annular middle support 20 divides the space between the external support 15 and the internal support 10 into two fluidically separated but thermally coupled flow spaces. This enables two air flows to be carried in a thermally coupled but fluidically separated manner, improving the efficiency of the heat exchanger and enabling use, for example, in a double ventilator.
[0109] FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger system 200 comprising two heat exchangers 100. The heat exchangers 100 each comprise a cylindrical internal support 10 and a hollow annular external support 15, as well as heat exchanger rods 30, which are arranged on the supports 10, 15 and extend from the external support 15 or the internal support 10. The internal support 10 is arranged concentrically in the external support 15, and therefore both supports 10, 15 extend in the same direction. In this embodiment, the external supports 15 of the heat exchangers 100 are longer than the internal supports 10 and project beyond the internal supports 10 on one side. On a first side of the external supports 15, which projects beyond the internal supports 10, the external supports 15 have a male connecting element 60. On a second side of the external supports 15, which lies opposite the first side in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger 100, said supports have a female connecting element 70. In the embodiment shown, the connecting elements 60, 70 are latched to one another at a connecting location. By virtue of the fact that the external supports 15 project beyond the internal supports 10, fitting the heat exchangers 100 together gives rise to a gap 80 at the connecting location. The gap 80 ensures additional swirling of the gas flowing through the heat exchanger system 200, as a result of which gas particles which have passed through one heat exchanger 100 of the heat exchanger system 200 enter the subsequent heat exchanger 100 of the heat exchanger system 200 at a different location from the one at which they emerged from the first heat exchanger 100. Here, therefore, the connecting elements thus act as spacers.
[0110] FIG. 10 shows a ventilation system 300 comprising a heat exchanger 100 from FIG. 6a in a longitudinal section and a fan 210 arranged coaxially behind the heat exchanger 100. The heat exchanger 100 comprises a cylindrical internal support 10 and a hollow annular external support 15. The internal support 10 is arranged coaxially in the external support 15, and therefore both supports 10, 15 extend in the same direction and form between them an annular flow channel. Arranged on both supports are heat exchanger rods 30, which extend from these. The fan 210 can be operated bidirectionally, and therefore the fan 210 can make gas flow through the heat exchanger 100 in two opposite flow directions. When the fan 210 is operated in a first direction, the fan 210 can deliver room air through the heat exchanger 100 in the first direction, for example. When the fan 210 is operated in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, the fan 210 can deliver external air, for example, through the heat exchanger 100 in the second direction, for example.
[0111] During this process, the room air inevitably collides with the heat exchanger rods 30, as a result of which heat in the room air is transferred to the heat exchanger rods 30, which serve as temporary storage devices for the thermal energy. The fan 210 can then be operated in its second delivery direction. The fan 210 thereby delivers external air through the heat exchanger 100, wherein external air inevitably collides with the heated heat exchanger rods 30, with heat in the heat exchanger rods 30 being transferred to the colder fresh air and heating the latter.
[0112] In another embodiment, the ventilation system 300 can comprise a multiplicity of coaxially arranged heat exchangers 100, which can be assembled in a modular manner to give a heat exchanger system 200. In other embodiments, individual heat exchangers 100 of a heat exchanger system 200 can have a different number of heat exchanger rods 30 with various cross-sectional shapes and/or lengths and/or surface characteristics, and/or can be formed from different materials with different levels of thermal conductivity.
REFERENCE SIGNS
[0113] 5 socket [0114] 10 internal support [0115] 15 external support [0116] 20 middle support [0117] 30 heat exchanger rod [0118] 31 heat exchanger rod [0119] 40 heat exchanger group [0120] 50 housing [0121] 60 connecting element, male [0122] 70 connecting element, female [0123] 80 gap [0124] 90 dividing wall [0125] 100 heat exchanger [0126] 110 heat exchanger [0127] 120 heat exchanger [0128] 130 heat exchanger [0129] 200 heat exchanger system [0130] 210 fan [0131] 300 ventilator [0132] 400 double ventilator
