SLIDING DOOR ASSEMBLY
20220333419 · 2022-10-20
Inventors
Cpc classification
E05F15/643
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
E05F15/635
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
E05Y2201/62
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
International classification
Abstract
This invention provides sliding door enclosure assemblies for a framework structure, which uniquely enables equal lateral displacement of sliding doors, with the minimal engagement of a single door alone. More specifically, the sliding door enclosure assemblies of this invention comprise paired rotatable sliding doors, paired rotatable leaders, paired rotating conveyors, which conveyors are advanced by the paired rotatable leaders, guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach the paired rotatable sliding doors to the paired rotating conveyors and at least one interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements, which rotate in equal and opposing directions, so that paired rotatable leaders operationally connected thereby promote lateral displacement of operationally connected rotatable sliding doors about the framework structure.
Claims
1. A sliding door enclosure assembly for a framework structure, comprising: paired rotatable sliding doors; paired rotatable leaders; paired rotating conveyors, which conveyors are advanced by the paired rotatable leaders; guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach said paired rotatable sliding doors to said paired rotating conveyors; at least one interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements, wherein each of said two elements is operationally connected to one of said paired rotatable leaders and is positioned at a height that is different from the height of said paired rotatable leaders, and in sufficient proximity to enable interlocking of said two elements; wherein lateral displacement of a first of said paired rotatable sliding doors facilitates coordinated lateral displacement of a second of said paired rotatable sliding doors about said framework structure.
2. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 1, wherein each element of said interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements is positioned at a height that is above that of the height of paired rotatable leaders operationally connected thereto.
3. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 1, wherein said interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements has a shape approximating an interlocking gears type structure.
4. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 1, wherein said paired rotating conveyors are belt structures or wherein said paired rotatable leaders comprise a region which is ridged or grooved, which region engages and facilitates advancement of said paired rotating conveyors, optionally wherein said paired rotating conveyors comprise a grooved structure that reciprocally interacts with said rotatable leaders.
5. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 1, wherein when a first of said paired rotatable leaders moves in a clockwise direction, a second of said paired rotatable leaders moves in a counter-clockwise direction.
6. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 1, wherein said sliding door enclosure assembly is rectangular in shape and lateral displacement includes movement of said paired rotatable sliding doors to accommodate 90 degree turns about an axis in said framework structure.
7. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 1, wherein a top surface and bottom surface of said framework structure comprise: a) paired rotatable leaders; b) paired rotating conveyors; c) guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach said paired rotatable sliding doors to said paired rotating conveyors located on said top and bottom surfaces; and d) at least one interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements, on each of said top and bottom surfaces; wherein elements (a), (b), (c) and (d) are coordinately positioned on said top and bottom surface such that lateral displacement of said paired rotatable sliding doors is coordinately accomplished.
8. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 1, further comprising a stabilizing structure located on a top or bottom surface of said framework structure, which is engaged by said guides, optionally, wherein said stabilizing structure is a track and said guides comprise a ridged wheel structure to form a stable rail system.
9. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 1, wherein said paired rotatable sliding doors are fully displaced posteriorly following active lateral displacement of a single rotatable sliding door of said paired rotatable sliding doors.
10. A closet, wardrobe, shed, cabinet, workstation or a safe comprising or surrounded by the sliding door enclosure assembly claim 1.
11. A sliding door enclosure assembly for a framework structure, comprising: paired rotatable sliding doors; paired rotatable leaders; paired rotating conveyors, which conveyors are advanced by the paired rotatable leaders; guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach said paired rotatable sliding doors to said paired rotating conveyors; at least one rotatable movement regulator set of two elements, wherein each of said two elements is operationally connected to one of said paired rotatable leaders and conveyors and is positioned to rotate opposingly and coordinatedly, such that rotation of a first element in a first direction is coordinated with opposing rotation of said first element such that said conveyors operationally connected thereto are simultaneously, coordinately and opposingly advanced; whereby lateral displacement of a first of said paired rotatable sliding doors facilitates coordinated lateral displacement of a second of said paired rotatable sliding doors about said framework structure.
12. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 11, wherein said rotatable movement regulator set of two elements has a surface that is non-slip to better promote regulated advancement of said conveyors.
13. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 11, wherein said paired rotating conveyors are belt structures, or wherein said paired rotating conveyors comprise a grooved structure that reciprocally interacts with said rotatable leaders, or wherein said paired rotatable leaders comprise a region which is ridged or grooved, which region engages and facilitates advancement of said paired rotating conveyors.
14. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 11, wherein when a first element of said rotatable movement regulator set of two elements moves in a clockwise direction, a second element of said rotatable movement regulator set of two elements moves in a counter-clockwise direction, or wherein when a first of said paired rotatable leaders moves in a clockwise direction, a second of said paired rotatable leaders moves in a counter-clockwise direction.
15. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 11, wherein said sliding door enclosure assembly is rectangular in shape and lateral displacement includes movement of said paired rotatable sliding doors to accommodate 90 degree turns about an axis in said framework structure.
16. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 11, wherein a top surface and bottom surface of said framework structure comprise: e) paired rotatable leaders; f) paired rotating conveyors; g) guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach said paired rotatable sliding doors to said paired rotating conveyors located on said top and bottom surfaces; and h) at least one interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements, on each of said top and bottom surfaces; wherein elements (a), (b), (c) and (d) are coordinately positioned on said top and bottom surface such that lateral displacement of said paired rotatable sliding doors is coordinately accomplished.
17. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 11, further comprising a stabilizing structure located on a top or bottom surface of said framework structure, which is engaged by said guides, optionally, wherein said stabilizing structure is a track and said guides comprise a ridged wheel structure to form a stable rail system.
18. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 11, wherein said paired rotatable sliding doors are fully displaced posteriorly following active lateral displacement of a single rotatable sliding door of said paired rotatable sliding doors.
19. A closet, wardrobe, shed, cabinet, workstation or a safe comprising or surrounded by the sliding door enclosure assembly claim 11.
20. A sliding door enclosure assembly for a framework structure, comprising: paired rotatable sliding doors; paired rotatable leaders; paired rotating conveyors, which conveyors are advanced by the paired rotatable leaders; guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach said paired rotatable sliding doors to said paired rotating conveyors; an interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements, wherein each of said two regulator elements: is in sufficient proximity to enable interlocking of said two elements; and is operationally connected to a second rotatable leader, which second rotatable leader is further operationally connected to one of said paired rotating conveyors and is positioned at a height that is different from the height of said rotatable leader and said regulator element; wherein lateral displacement of a first of said paired rotatable sliding doors facilitates coordinated lateral displacement of a second of said paired rotatable sliding doors about said framework structure.
21. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 20, wherein each element of said interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements is positioned at an equal height that is above that of the height of placement of said second rotatable leader operationally connected thereto.
22. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 20, wherein said interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements has a shape approximating an interlocking gears type structure, optionally, wherein said paired rotating conveyors are belt structures, optionally, wherein said paired rotatable leaders comprise a region which is ridged or grooved, which region engages and facilitates advancement of said paired rotating conveyors, optionally, wherein said paired rotating conveyors comprise a grooved structure that reciprocally interacts with said rotatable leaders.
23. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 20, wherein when a first element of said interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements is moved in a clockwise direction, a second element of said interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements is moved in a counter-clockwise direction.
24. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 20, wherein said sliding door enclosure assembly is rectangular in shape and lateral displacement includes movement of said paired rotatable sliding doors to accommodate 90 degree turns about an axis in said framework structure.
25. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 20, wherein a top surface and bottom surface of said framework structure comprise: i) paired rotatable leaders; j) paired rotating conveyors; k) guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach said paired rotatable sliding doors to said paired rotating conveyors located on said top and bottom surfaces; and l) at least one interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements, on each of said top and bottom surfaces; wherein elements (a), (b), (c) and (d) are coordinately positioned on said top and bottom surface such that lateral displacement of said paired rotatable sliding doors is coordinately accomplished.
26. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 20, further comprising a stabilizing structure located on a top or bottom surface of said framework structure, which is engaged by said guides, optionally, wherein said stabilizing structure is a track and said guides comprise a ridged wheel structure to form a stable rail system.
27. The sliding door enclosure assembly of claim 20, wherein said paired rotatable sliding doors are fully displaced posteriorly following active lateral displacement of a single rotatable sliding door of said paired rotatable sliding doors.
28. A closet, wardrobe, shed, cabinet, workstation or a safe comprising or surrounded by the sliding door enclosure assembly claim 20.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0051] Various embodiments of the sliding door enclosure assembly for a framework structure of this invention and elements of same are described herein with reference to the figures wherein:
[0052]
[0053]
[0054]
[0055]
[0056]
[0057]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0058] This invention provides, in some embodiments, an enclosure for a framework structure, which contains sliding doors, which can be rotated about the framework structure to fully expose the contents of the enclosure and further provide a posterior recess for the sliding doors.
[0059] This invention provides, in some aspects, for an enclosure for a framework structure, which contains sliding doors, which can be rotated about the framework structure, wherein lateral movement of one of two sliding doors promotes coordinate, reciprocal lateral movement of the second of the two sliding doors.
[0060] This invention still further provides a sliding door enclosure assembly for a framework structure, comprising: [0061] paired rotatable sliding doors; [0062] paired rotatable leaders; [0063] paired rotating conveyors, which conveyors are advanced by the paired rotatable leaders; [0064] guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach said paired rotatable sliding doors to said paired rotating conveyors; [0065] at least one interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements, wherein each of said two elements is operationally connected to one of said paired rotatable leaders and is positioned at a height that is different from the height of said paired rotatable leaders, and in sufficient proximity to enable interlocking of said two elements;
wherein lateral displacement of a first of said paired rotatable sliding doors facilitates coordinated lateral displacement of a second of said paired rotatable sliding doors.
[0066] Referring to
[0067] The sliding door enclosure assembly in this aspect depicts shelving but it will be appreciated that the interior being thus enclosed/surrounded by the assembly may comprise other structural elements aside from shelving, such as, for example, rods for handing clothing, equipment whose storage within an enclosed structure is desired, a workstation, a safe, or any element whose enclosure is desired thereby. The invention is thus not to be limited by the placement of elements within the sliding door enclosure assembly of this invention.
[0068] The sliding doors 1-10-1 and 1-10-2 may in some aspects have an accessory structure 1-10-3 facilitating lateral movement of each door, such as a handle, depression in the door, or other feature to facilitate lateral movement of the door.
[0069] According to the aspect depicted in
[0070] According to the aspect depicted in
[0071] As illustrated in
[0072] Referring to
[0073] In some embodiments, the specialized region of the rotatable leader 2-70-2 may be ridged, grooved or otherwise adapted so that slippage, uneven advancement, too rapid advancement, and other undesirable movements during advancement of the conveyor are avoided when the conveyor engages the rotatable leader.
[0074] The conveyors (2-50) are operably connected to the rotatable sliding doors by means of conveyor attachment regions (2-60-1; 2-60-2), which may be part of a larger structure (2-60) that contains a connecting region (2-60-3) linking the conveyor attachment regions to the guides (2-60-4), which facilitate movable attachment of the rotatable conveyor to a rotatable sliding door. Thus, as the rotatable leader 2-70 rotates, the conveyor is advanced and the rotatable sliding door operably attached thereto is similarly moved/displaced directionally with the movement of the conveyor.
[0075] For example, clockwise rotation of the specialized region 2-70-2 of the rotatable leader 2-70 results in directional incremental movement of the conveyor 2-50 around the “corner” of the assembly (in the direction of the blue arrow depicted in the figure). The rotatable door 2-10 is then further advanced (“around the corner”, in the direction of the red arrow depicted in the figure) in a coordinated controlled fashion.
[0076] As is further illustrated in
[0077] It is to be understood that rotation may be accomplished by providing the elements only on one surface (for example only on a top or bottom surface) of the sliding door enclosure assembly. In some embodiments, providing reciprocal elements on both the top and bottom surfaces of the sliding door enclosure assembly may provide greater stability or durability to the sliding door enclosure assemblies of this invention.
[0078]
[0079] The interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements as depicted in
[0080] It will be appreciated that the interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements as described may be of any desired overall shape or contain any appropriate interlocking structure such as, but not limited to, geared, sawtooth, interlocking hooks or hook-eye, ball and socket interlocking structures such as snaps, and any other appropriate interlocking means that can allow for coordinated contact and release as the first interlocking elements is rotated to provide coordinated rotation in the second interlocking element.
[0081] In some embodiments, a first interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements is placed on a top surface of the sliding door enclosure assembly and a second interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements is placed on a bottom surface of the sliding door enclosure assembly, at a reciprocal location, so that lateral displacement of the sliding doors is coordinated by the top and bottom located conveyors.
[0082]
[0083] In some embodiments, the guides (3-60-4) may be operationally connected to stabilizing structures (3-90-1, 3-90-2), which may resemble tracks, which further regulate the movement of the guides.
[0084] Each interlocking rotatable movement regulator part may comprise an attachment region (3-80-5) to secure the part to the surface of the framework structure.
[0085] It will be apparent to the skilled artisan that the components of the sliding door enclosure assembly can be constructed of any number of materials, such as plastics, nylons, metals, composite materials or any related material known in the art.
[0086] For example the paired rotatable sliding doors may be comprised of any material appropriate for use, lending itself to rotation about an axis, permitting the desired rotation. Thus, in some embodiments, the paired rotatable sliding doors are comprised of a flexible material that accommodates 90 degree turns about an axis without compromising structural integrity of the rotatable sliding doors. In some embodiments, the paired rotatable sliding doors are comprised of a more rigid material that further contains flexible joint regions that accommodates 90 degree turns about an axis without compromising structural integrity of the rotatable sliding doors. According to this aspect and in some embodiments, such paired rotatable sliding doors may comprise panels made of a hard substance, such as wood, glass, metal or composites of same, seamed by a flexible joint region that accommodates 90 degree turns about an axis of the structure.
[0087] In other embodiments, the invention provides for a sliding door enclosure assembly for a framework structure, comprising: [0088] paired rotatable sliding doors; [0089] paired rotatable leaders; [0090] paired rotating conveyors, which conveyors are advanced by the paired rotatable leaders; [0091] guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach said paired rotatable sliding doors to said paired rotating conveyors; [0092] at least one rotatable movement regulator set of two elements, wherein each of said two elements is operationally connected to one of said paired rotatable leaders and conveyors and is positioned to rotate opposingly and coordinatedly, such that rotation of a first element in a first direction is coordinated with opposing rotation of said first element such that said conveyors operationally connected thereto are simultaneously, coordinately and opposingly advanced;
whereby lateral displacement of a first of said paired rotatable sliding doors facilitates coordinated lateral displacement of a second of said paired rotatable sliding doors about said framework structure.
[0093] According to this aspect and in some embodiments, when a first element of said rotatable movement regulator set of two elements moves in a clockwise direction, a second element of said rotatable movement regulator set of two elements moves in a counter-clockwise direction and in another embodiment, according to this aspect, when a first of said paired rotatable leaders moves in a clockwise direction, a second of said paired rotatable leaders moves in a counter-clockwise direction.
[0094] Referring to
[0095] It will be understand that any embodied sliding door enclosure assembly for a framework structure of this invention may further comprise such additional elements to complete an aesthetic goal of shielding certain components of the enclosure assembly and same is to be considered as part of this invention.
[0096] Referring to
[0097] According to this aspect and in some embodiments, each of said two elements is operationally connected to one of said paired rotatable leaders and conveyors and is positioned to rotate opposingly and coordinatedly, such that rotation of a first element in a first direction is coordinated with opposing rotation of said first element such that said conveyors operationally connected thereto are simultaneously, coordinately and opposingly advanced;
[0098] Referring to
[0099] Guides, tracks and other stabilizing structure components, such as shown in
[0100] In other embodiments, the invention provides for a sliding door enclosure assembly for a framework structure, comprising: [0101] paired rotatable sliding doors; [0102] paired rotatable leaders; [0103] paired rotating conveyors, which conveyors are advanced by the paired rotatable leaders; [0104] guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach said paired rotatable sliding doors to said paired rotating conveyors; [0105] an interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of at least two elements, wherein each of said two regulator elements: [0106] is in sufficient proximity to enable interlocking of said two elements; and [0107] is operationally connected to a second rotatable leader, which second rotatable leader is further operationally connected to one of said paired rotating conveyors and is positioned at a height that is different from the height of said rotatable leader and said regulator element;
wherein lateral displacement of a first of said paired rotatable sliding doors facilitates coordinated lateral displacement of a second of said paired rotatable sliding doors about said framework structure.
[0108] According to this aspect, and in some embodiments, each element of the interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements is positioned at an equal height that is above that of the height of placement of said second rotatable leader operationally connected thereto.
[0109] Referring to an embodied aspect, depicted in
[0110] According to this aspect, there may be a second set of rotatable conveyors that promote coordinate opposing rotation of the leaders (g-70), which in turn interact with the operationally connected first set of conveyors (6-50).
[0111] In some aspects, the paired rotatable leaders (6-50) comprise a region which is ridged or grooved, which region engages and facilitates advancement of the rotating conveyors. In some embodiments, the second rotatable leader (6-100) may also comprise a region which is ridged or grooved, which region engages and facilitates advancement of the rotating element of the interlocking element (a component of the interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of at least two elements).
[0112] According to these aspects and in some embodiments, the rotating conveyors and/or element components of the interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of at least two elements, comprise a grooved structure that reciprocally interacts with grooved rotatable leaders, although in some embodiments, the leader does not have to be grooved to interact with a grooved conveyor.
[0113] In some embodiments, the first element of the interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of at least two elements is moved in a clockwise direction while the second element of the interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements is moved in a counter-clockwise direction and according to this aspect, movement therefore of a first door or its displacement laterally will facilitate equal and opposite lateral displacement of the second door.
[0114] In some aspects of this invention, in any of the embodied sliding door enclosure assemblies as herein described, the sliding door enclosure assembly may be rectangular in shape and lateral displacement includes movement of said paired rotatable sliding doors to accommodate 90 degree turns about an axis in said framework structure.
[0115] In other aspects of this invention, in any of the embodied sliding door enclosure assemblies as herein described, the top surface and bottom surface of the framework structure comprise: [0116] a) paired rotatable leaders; [0117] b) paired rotating conveyors; [0118] c) guides which further comprise attachment regions to attach said paired rotatable sliding doors to said paired rotating conveyors located on said top and bottom surfaces; and [0119] d) at least one interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements, on each of said top and bottom surfaces; [0120] wherein elements (a), (b), (c) and (d) are coordinately positioned on said top and bottom surface such that lateral displacement of said paired rotatable sliding doors is coordinately accomplished.
[0121] In some aspects of this invention, in any of the embodied sliding door enclosure assemblies as herein described, the assembly may further comprise a stabilizing structure located on a top or bottom surface of said framework structure, which is engaged by the guides. According to this aspect and in some embodiments, the stabilizing structure is a track and the guides comprise a ridged wheel structure to form a stable rail system.
[0122] In some aspects of this invention, in any of the embodied sliding door enclosure assemblies as herein described, the paired rotatable sliding doors are fully displaced posteriorly following active lateral displacement of a single rotatable sliding door of said paired rotatable sliding doors.
[0123] In some embodiments, this invention further provides a closet, wardrobe, shed, cabinet, workstation or a safe comprising or surrounded by a sliding door enclosure assembly as herein described and in accordance with any embodiment described herein, as well.
[0124] It will be appreciated that there is no limitation in terms of the materials of which the rotatable sliding doors may be comprised, in that careful design may allow a fully flexible material to be located at discrete key regions to accommodate 90 degree turns about an axis without compromising structural integrity of the rotatable sliding doors.
[0125] In some embodiments, the paired rotatable leaders, paired rotating conveyors, guides and interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements may be comprised of any appropriate materials to facilitate the intended function of each element. For example, and in some embodiments, the paired rotatable leaders, guides and interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements may be comprised of any plastic, nylon or related material, as same is easily and cheaply manufactured. In other embodiments, the paired rotatable leaders, guides and interlocking rotatable movement regulator set of two elements may be comprised of a metal or metal alloy, or metal composite structure.
[0126] In some embodiments, the paired rotating conveyors may be comprised of a structurally strong but somewhat elastic material, such as a rubber or rubber composite structure, or plastic or nylon belt structure or the like.
[0127] It will be appreciated by the skilled artisan that any number of materials may be used to prepare the elements of the sliding door enclosure assembly for a framework structure of this invention and the invention is not in any way to be limited in terms of the materials intended for use in construction of same.
[0128] Similarly, any number of methods may be used by the skilled artisan to prepare the elements of the sliding door enclosure assembly for a framework structure of this invention such as cast molding, 3D-printing, and any other known means for assembling the components as herein described and the invention is not in any way to be limited in terms of the methods for use in construction of same.
[0129] In some aspects, the invention provides a scalable pocket door system, improved over existing systems in that there is no need for a fixed ceiling track and bottom track and instead the conveyor operably linked to the guides, which in turn may further align with additional stabilizing structures, which resemble tracks, regulate the movement of the guides and the conveyor operably linked thereto, where the elements are fully incorporated and found within the sliding door enclosure assembly itself, and no additional tracks are necessary within the framework structure being enclosed thereby, providing a fully contained system with fully rotatable sliding doors, providing maximum stability of the rotating sliding doors and enhanced visibility of the contents of the enclosed framework structure.
[0130] In some embodiments, the guide element specifically engaging the stabilizing structures may be so constructed to provide a rotating, ridged wheels, which flank the stabilizing structure, to approximate the structure of a stable rail system, unlikely to jam or dislodge in any open, closed, or transition positions.
[0131] In some embodiments, the presence of reciprocal elements of the sliding door enclosure assembly are located on the top and bottom surfaces of the system, functioning cooperatively, and further stabilizing operation of same.
[0132] Referring to
[0133] In some aspects, in addition to the full displacement posteriorly of the sliding doors as described hereinabove, the sliding door enclosure assemblies of this invention provide the further advantage that displacement of both doors posteriorly is accomplished in a coordinated fashion manually by lateral movement of only one of the paired rotatable doors.
[0134] In some embodiments, the arrangement of the parts of the sliding door enclosure assemblies of this invention allows for simple and far less noisy operation than available pocket door assemblies available to date.
[0135] While certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents will now occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
[0136] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the claims.
[0137] In the claims articles such as “a,”, “an” and “the” mean one or more than one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. Claims or descriptions that include “or” or “and/or” between members of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. The invention includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. The invention also includes embodiments in which more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention provides, in various embodiments, all variations, combinations, and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, descriptive terms, etc., from one or more of the listed claims is introduced into another claim dependent on the same base claim unless otherwise indicated or unless it would be evident to one of ordinary skill in the art that a contradiction or inconsistency would arise. Where elements are presented as lists, e.g. in Markush group format or the like, it is to be understood that each subgroup of the elements is also disclosed, and any element(s) can be removed from the group. It should it be understood that, in general, where the invention, or aspects of the invention, is/are referred to as comprising particular elements, features, etc., certain embodiments of the invention or aspects of the invention consist, or consist essentially of, such elements, features, etc. For purposes of simplicity those embodiments have not in every case been specifically set forth in haec verba herein. Certain claims are presented in dependent form for the sake of convenience, but Applicant reserves the right to rewrite any dependent claim in independent format to include the elements or limitations of the independent claim and any other claim(s) on which such claim depends, and such rewritten claim is to be considered equivalent in all respects to the dependent claim in whatever form it is in (either amended or unamended) prior to being rewritten in independent format.