Abstract
The invention herein describes a card handling apparatus used for automatically creating play-ready hands for use in casino poker games whereupon the apparatus may be programmed to accommodate a number of different game variations, and a variable number of players. The apparatus verifies the integrity of each deck before discharging the play-ready hands to a first discharge portal. Decks that do not meet verification criteria are isolated and moved to a second discharge portal. Non-faulty decks are moved to a metering station where they are metered to a card output tray at high speed while forming the play-ready substacks. Two decks may be shuffled, verified and queued within the device before commencing a game, or a second deck may undergo shuffling while play-ready hands from a first deck are being metered to the output tray.
Claims
1. A card handing device for metering play-ready hands of playing cards from a verified card deck directly into an output tray, the card handing device comprising: a housing; a control panel positioned on the exterior of the housing for programming a game type and a number of players; an input portal consisting of a single card receiving cavity for receiving unshuffled cards; a first card discharge portal consisting of a card output tray for receiving play-ready substacks; a second card discharge portal consisting of a chamber for receiving faulty card decks; at least one verification sensor for detecting card deck integrity; at least one microcontroller responsive to the control panel and to the at least one verification sensor for controlling movement of the cards; one slot-less elevator aligned with an axis of a randomizing chamber and movable along the axis within the randomizing chamber; a gripper mechanism located in the randomizing chamber; the microcontroller able to discern a fault condition in a first or a second shuffled card deck; a metering station for moving shuffled cards from a first verified deck to the card output tray one card at a time; the slot-less elevator configured to relocate a first shuffled card deck to either the second discharge portal or the metering station, dependent upon a fault criteria determination of the microcontroller; whereupon the metering station moves play-ready substacks from the first verified card deck to the output tray automatically upon removal of the previous substack; whereupon the second deck can be undergoing shuffling within the randomizing chamber simultaneously while the first deck is being metered to the output tray; whereupon the second deck can be temporarily stored on the slot-less elevator at a buffer position simultaneously while the first deck is being metered to the output tray; wherein the second deck is a verified deck; and whereupon the first verified deck may be queued at the metering station before the number of players or type of game is resolved.
2. The card handling device of claim 1 whereupon the first verified deck is removed from the slot-less elevator by centrifugal force.
3. The card handling device of claim 1 whereupon the first verified deck is moved to the metering station by inertia.
4. The card handling device of claim 1 further comprising a non-motorized transfer roll for removing verified card decks from the slot-less elevator.
5. The card handling device of claim 1 further comprising a motorized transfer roll for removing verified card decks from the slot-less elevator.
6. The card handling device of claim 1 further comprising a motorized belt for removing card decks from the slot-less elevator.
7. The card handling device of claim 1 further comprising a mechanical arm for removing card decks from the slot-less elevator.
8. The metering station of claim 1 whereupon cards are metered by an electromagnetic clutch.
9. The metering station of claim 1 whereupon cards are metered by a motor.
10. A card handing device for metering play-ready hands of playing cards from a verified card deck directly into a card output tray, the card handing device comprising: a housing; a control panel positioned on the exterior of the housing for programming a game type and a number of players; an input portal consisting of a single card receiving cavity for receiving unshuffled cards; a card discharge portal consisting of a card output tray for receiving play-ready substacks; at least one verification sensor for detecting card deck integrity; at least one microcontroller responsive to the control panel and to the at least one verification sensor for controlling movement of the cards; one slot-less elevator aligned with an axis of a randomizing chamber and movable along the axis within the randomizing chamber; a gripper mechanism located in the randomizing chamber; the microcontroller able to discern a fault condition in a first or a second shuffled card deck; a metering station for moving cards from a card deck to the card output tray one card at a time; whereupon the metering station moves play-ready substacks from the verified card deck to the card output tray automatically upon removal of the previous substack; whereupon the second deck can be undergoing shuffling within the randomizing chamber simultaneously while the first deck is being metered to the output tray; whereupon the second deck can be temporarily stored on the slot-less elevator at a buffer position simultaneously while the first deck is being metered to the output tray; wherein the second deck is either the verified deck or a faulty deck; and whereupon the first deck may be queued at the metering station before the number of players or type of game is resolved.
11. The card handling device of claim 10 whereupon a card deck is removed from the slot-less elevator by centrifugal force.
12. The card handling device of claim 10 whereupon a card deck is moved to the metering station by inertia.
13. The card handling device of claim 10 further comprising a non-motorized transfer roll for removing a card deck from the slot-less elevator.
14. The card handling device of claim 10 further comprising a motorized transfer roll for removing a card deck from the slot-less elevator.
15. The card handling device of claim 10 further comprising a motorized belt for removing a card deck from the slot-less elevator.
16. The card handling device of claim 10 further comprising a mechanical arm for removing a card deck from the slot-less elevator.
17. The metering station of claim 10 whereupon cards are metered by an electromagnetic clutch.
18. The metering station of claim 10 whereupon cards are metered by a motor.
19. The card handling device of claim 10 whereupon the faulty deck may be moved to the metering station and thereafter discharged to the output tray after completion of the game that has utilized the first deck.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view from an early (1932) hand-forming shuffler patent.
(2) FIG. 2 is a perspective view from a prior art (1986) carousel shuffler patent disclosure.
(3) FIG. 3A is a side elevation view from a prior art (1988) elevator shuffler patent disclosure.
(4) FIG. 3B is a side elevation view from a prior art (2003) carousel shuffler patent disclosure.
(5) FIG. 4 is perspective view from another prior art (2009) carousel shuffler patent disclosure.
(6) FIG. 5 is a side elevation view from the prior art carousel shuffler patent disclosure in FIG. 4.
(7) FIG. 6 is a side elevation view from a prior art (2000) elevator shuffler patent disclosure.
(8) FIG. 7 is another view from the prior art carousel shuffler patent disclosure in FIG. 6.
(9) FIG. 8 is a side elevation view from a prior art (2003) elevator shuffler patent disclosure.
(10) FIG. 9 illustrates the configuration of a prior art (2022) randomizing mechanism which utilizes a vertically moving comb with narrow card slots.
(11) FIG. 10 illustrates a prior art (1997) randomizing mechanism which utilizes a mechanical gripper to separate a card stack at random positions, thus enabling the insertion of an individual card from a secondary deck (unshuffled deck).
(12) FIG. 11 illustrates the insertion of a cut card into a card stack by a dealer, which is emulated by the mechanical gripper mechanism of FIG. 10.
(13) FIGS. 12A, 12B, 13A and 13B compare the operating sequences of two prior art randomizing methods that utilize gripper mechanisms.
(14) FIG. 14. illustrates a prior art (1999) randomizing mechanism that interrogates each card before entering its randomizing mechanism.
(15) FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention as it would appear in a casino poker room.
(16) FIG. 16. is an isometric view of the apparatus herein showing the internal chambers and card paths with no cards present.
(17) FIG. 17 is a side elevational section view which illustrates the basic layout of the card paths.
(18) FIGS. 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D and 18E are side elevational views of the device herein which stepwise illustrate the migration of playing cards as they move through the apparatus to the output tray.
(19) FIG. 19 is an isometric view of the elevator module.
(20) FIG. 20 is an isometric view of the elevator module showing the position of a subset of randomized cards.
(21) FIG. 21 is an isometric view of the elevator module.
(22) FIG. 22 is a planar view of the gripper mechanism used to randomize cards.
(23) FIG. 23 is an isometric view of the of the gripper mechanism which is used to grasp and raise a sub-stack of randomized cards.
(24) FIG. 24 is an isometric view of the gripper mechanism while grasping a stack of cards.
(25) FIG. 25 is an isometric view of the gripper mechanism creating a random wedge-shaped opening between two sub-stacks of cards.
(26) FIG. 26 is a cutaway side view of the randomizing apparatus showing a card being inserted into a randomly-created wedge-shaped opening in the receiving card stack.
(27) FIG. 27 is a side elevational section view of the randomizing apparatus showing the receiving card stack after the upper sub-stack has been lowered onto the newly inserted card by the gripper mechanism.
(28) FIG. 28 is an isometric view showing the elevator arms recessed into openings below the transfer roll.
(29) FIGS. 29A and 29B are cutaway isometric views showing a sequence of movements as the transfer roll removes a card deck from the slot-less elevator.
(30) FIG. 30 is alternative device for removing a deck from the elevator using a mechanical arm.
(31) FIG. 31 is an alternative device for removing a deck from the elevator using a belt.
(32) FIG. 32 is an isometric view of the metering station.
(33) FIG. 33 is a section view of the metering station when isolated from the card handling device.
(34) FIG. 34 is a section view of the card handling device showing cards being metered to the output tray while a verified deck is staged at a buffer position.
(35) FIG. 35 is a section view of the card handling device showing cards being metered to the output tray while a faulty deck is staged at a buffer position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
(36) A casino-grade card handling apparatus for automatically shuffling, verifying and metering play-ready hands of playing cards is described for use in casino-hosted poker games. The shuffler can be programmed by an operator (dealer) for a number of different poker games and a number of players to quickly disgorge game-ready poker hands for each player. The play-ready hands are immediately disgorged after the dealer initiates the game with a start command.
(37) For purposes of this explanation, the term unshuffled deck is defined as a deck of cards in need of being shuffled (randomized) and verified. The term shuffled deck is defined as a deck of cards that has been transformed from a unshuffled deck into a shuffled (randomized) deck. The term verification sensor is defined as a sensor that can interrogate a playing card for interpretation by a microcontroller. In the most rudimentary form, an interrogation sensor may merely detect the passing of a card along a card path such that the microcontroller can accumulate a card count. In more sophisticated forms, an interrogation sensor may take the form of a miniature camera that can photograph a passing card such that a microcontroller can understand its suit and rank as is known in the art. The definition of a fault criteria is the criteria used by a microcontroller to determine the suitability of a card or card deck after interpreting the verification sensor. In its simplest form, a fault criteria may be the number of cards that have passed the verification sensor within a given operational span.
(38) The definition of a faulty deck is a card deck that has failed to satisfy a fault criteria, for example a card deck having a count of 51 cards when the microcontroller anticipated a count of 52 cards. Conversely, the microcontroller identifies a verified deck as a card deck that successfully avoided its fault criteria after interrogation by the verification sensor. It is understood that the fault criteria utilized by the microcontroller in the card handing device being described herein can be adjusted according the sophistication of its verification sensor, where the sophistication of that sensor is a designer's choice.
(39) The term play-ready substacks as used herein is defined as a group of K cards which have been separated from a larger stack of shuffled cards to form a subset for a particular card game where K equals the number of shuffled cards needed to form a player's hand according to the rules of that particular game. For example, K=5 for games of five-card stud poker.
(40) The term metering station as used herein is defined as a mechanism utilized to separate individual playing cards from a card stack one at a time at a constant rate in order to create a continuous flow. The term metering station comes from the copier and printer industry where the term is generically understood as the station that delivers sheets from the paper tray to the printing mechanism. At the time of this disclosure, a low cost $250 laser printer can typically print pages at the rate of 40 pages per minute. Sheets in these printers are metered to the printing station in fractions of a second. The term metering station thus connotates speed. The term output tray is defined as the tray which accumulates play-ready substacks (hands) from the metering station for delivery to a player in a card game.
(41) FIG. 15 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the electromechanical shuffler apparatus disclosed herein as it would appear in the poker room of a casino. The device 100 comprises a recessed cavity 120 for receiving a new or spent (unshuffled) deck of playing cards from a poker game host (dealer), and a recessed cavity 130 for receiving a faulty deck of playing cards from the randomizing mechanism that resides below that cavity. An output portal 140 is utilized to automatically disgorge play-ready substacks (hands) from the apparatus 100. The output tray 142 includes a sensor 112 whose purpose is to detect the presence of cards. Casing 151 encloses the mechanism of the apparatus supports the touch screen panel 114.
(42) The touch screen panel 114 is positioned conveniently for a casino dealer on the exterior of the housing. At least one microcontroller (not shown) controls the operation of the device, including operation of the control panel which is used to both input commands and to display conditions within the device, including fault conditions and progress conditions. Control panel 114 is a small 5-inch touchscreen that is used to program the shuffler for various games. For size reference, a 5-inch touchscreen is slightly smaller than the smaller touchscreens used in today's mobile phones. Prior to each game, the dealer will utilize the touch screen 114 to program the shuffler to produce the required number of cards in each hand as required by various forms of poker. Additionally, the dealer will program the shuffler to issue N hands, where N is the number hands needed for the game. The touchscreen will also indicate possible malfunctions and security issues to the dealer. For example, the microcontroller counts the number of cards processed in each deck and will issue a warning on the touch panel if that number is unexpected due to player or dealer cheating. When more sophisticated verification sensors are utilized, the touch screen will display error messages accordingly. For example, when optical recognition sensors are utilized, the touch screen might display Shuffle Completed-Queen of Spades Not Detected.
(43) The apparatus 100 may be placed upon a casino table surface or the apparatus 100 may reside along side on the edge of the table near the dealer within arm's reach, such that the dealer may easily insert and withdraw card decks from the recessed trays 120, 130 and withdraw play-ready hands form the portal 140.
(44) The functional objective of the apparatus 100 is to prepare card decks for play by shuffling decks (randomizing) and interrogating those decks for irregularities such as missing cards or unreadable cards, and to thereafter disgorge verified play-ready hands to the discharge portal 140 upon demand. The apparatus 100 removes faulty decks from play and signals the host operator the reason for the ejection. The apparatus 100 additionally allows the host operator to queue up two decks prior to initiating any particular game.
(45) FIG. 16 shows an isometric view of the apparatus 100 with the casing removed. The various components are supported by side frames, and one side frame has been removed from the view to reveal the internal chambers. An elevator mechanism 300 is located directly below the faulty deck reject cavity 130, and a card metering assembly 700 is shown sloping away from a lower portion of a randomizer chamber housing 133. In general, unshuffled cards are deposited into the input portal 120 and thereafter passed individually into the randomizing chamber within housing 133 where they are randomized. Verified (nonfaulty decks) are then moved to a metering station 700 where they are metered into the output tray 142 in substacks comprising play-ready hands. Card decks found to be faulty after randomization are instead moved to the discharge portal 130. Although not shown, the discharge portal 130 may have a hinged cover (not shown) to prevent viewability of the cards contained within that cavity.
(46) A microcontroller operates in concert with a Real Time Clock (RTC) and segments of memory to record the exact time of certain sensor-activated events including the rejection of faulty decks. RTC's are used to timestamp events in six timing parameters including year, month, day, hour, minutes and seconds. A commonly utilized RTC is for example model DS1307 made by Dallas Semiconductor Corporation. The RTC is used to timestamp the insertion of card decks into the input portal 120, the delivery of verified card decks to the card metering station 700, the delivery of play ready hands to the output tray 142, and the delivery of faulty card decks to the discharge portal 130. In the case of the faulty deck rejections, the microcontroller will additionally record a reason for rejection along with a timestamp. The casing 151 possesses a USB port (not shown) that may be used to download the timestamped data from memory of the apparatus 100. Alternatively, the apparatus 100 may be networked to a central computing device in the casino that can periodically or continually (in real time) download the timestamped data associated with processed card decks. The network connection may be used to monitor activity and performance characteristics of the apparatus from a remote location, as is known in the art.
(47) The anatomy of the apparatus 100 is briefly explained by the section view shown in FIG. 17 which is devoid of any card decks or substacks. The unshuffled deck input portal 120 is shown near the top left of the view. Feed rolls 162, 166 and 164 are utilized to move individual cards past a verification sensor 196, and additional feed rolls 168 and 169 move individual cards into the randomizer chamber 186. The housing 133 possess four walls which contain card decks with slight clearance around the periphery, thus forming the randomizing chamber 186. After the deck is randomized and successfully verified, the card deck will be supported upon elevator arms 307 which are moved vertically by the lead screw in elevator assembly 300. The elevator arms 307 move the processed deck until it contacts a transfer roll 743 which is part of the metering station 700. Contact with the transfer roll 743 causes the deck to rotate CCW and slide downward along the rolls 742 of the metering station 700. The metering station 700 thereafter issues one card at a time in rapid succession to the output tray 142 until the proper hand size is accumulated for the play-ready hand. A sensor 112 in the output tray signals the microcontroller when the substack (hand) has been removed from the output tray. In one embodiment, that signal triggers the metering assembly to automatically disgorge the next play-ready hand in rapid succession when the dealer removes the previous substack.
(48) In the event that a card deck is found to be faulty after interrogation by the verification sensor, the microcontroller operates the elevator assembly 300 to raise the arms 307 with the rejected deck upward to a temporary storage position within the discharge cavity 130.
(49) A more detailed explanation can be observed from FIGS. 18A, 18B, 18C, 18D and 18E, which explain the movement of a single card deck within and through the card handling apparatus 100. FIG. 18A shows a new or spent deck 600 (unshuffled) located in the card deck intake tray 120. When the dealer activates a shuffle command on touch panel 114, the microcontroller interrogates sensor 129 to determine if any card is present in the card intake tray 120. If a card is detected by the sensor 129, the microcontroller will activate motors (not shown) that rotate feed rolls 162, 166 and 164 until the leading edge of a card is detected by verification sensor 196.
(50) In FIG. 18A, an unshuffled card of a card deck 600 is moved past the verification sensor 196 and is about to enter the randomizing chamber 186, where the card stack 620 is supported by elevator arms 307 of the elevator assembly 300. The microcontroller activates a motor (not shown) to rotate feed rolls 168 and 169 which feed the cards of the card stack 600 into the randomizing chamber 186 through a slot 170 in the housing 133. In a rudimentary embodiment, the verification sensor is utilized to count the cards within the deck being processed. In more advanced embodiments, the verification sensor 196 is utilized to read the rank and suit of each card in addition to counting the cards in the deck. The sensor 196 may be any optical recognition sensor as taught in the prior art, including a reflective opto-sensor, a digital camera, CMOS camera, color pixel sensor or a CCD image sensor. In the preferred embodiment, the sensor 196 is a CCD image sensor and is used to read the rank and suit in the upper right corner of each card. This optical recognition process will continue until sensor 129 signals that no more cards are available in the card input portal 120. Upon completion of the deck insertion into the randomizing chamber 186, the microcontroller will determine if any fault condition exists, which may include card shortages, extra cards, flipped cards or unreadable cards.
(51) After the randomizing cycle is completed, the microcontroller decides if a card deck is faulty. If the card deck is faulty, the elevator arms 307 will raise the rejected card deck 630 to the faulty deck discharge portal 130 as shown in FIG. 18B and signal the fault condition on the touch panel 114. The automatic rejection of a faulty card deck relieves the dealer of any distraction or interruption in table play that would otherwise require a dealer to tediously unload a shuffling apparatus as in the case of conventional compartment type shufflers. Moreover, the device denies the dealer the discretion to continue play with a corrupt card deck as in the case of player-dealer collusion.
(52) FIG. 18C illustrates the case in which the microcontroller has determined that a card deck is not faulty and lowered the elevator arms 307 to a position below the transfer roll 743. The forked shape of the elevator arms 307 allows the elevator arms 307 to pass by and below the freely rotatable transfer roll 743 and the adjacent roll 142. The two rolls 742 and 743 takeover support of the verified card deck 610 and create centrifugal force that discharges the deck 610 in the direction of the arrow along rollers of the metering station 700. It is noted that in this figure, the elevator arms 307 have passed below the discharge roll 743 and the verified card deck 610 has just begun to move along the discharge rolls 742 of the metering station 700. FIG. 18D shows the verified card deck 610 at the metering station (explained below) and FIG. 18E shows a play-ready hand 640 after having been discharged from the metering station.
(53) The randomizing cycle comprises a series of motions performed by the apparatus to sort the individual cards into a randomly arranged deck within the chamber 186. The randomizing cycle will automatically start when the dealer activates the Shuffle command on the touch screen as long as sensor 129 detects the presence of a card in the input portal 120. Referring to FIG. 18A, a series of feed rolls 162, 166, and 164 strip the bottom card from the stack of cards 600 and move that card past the verifications sensor 196. Feed rolls 168 and 169 then inject each card into the randomizer chamber 186, whereupon each card is inserted into a growing card stack 620.
(54) The randomizing chamber 186 possesses an elevator surface comprising elevator arms 307 which support the card stack 620 during randomization, and move the card stack 620 with oscillation motion in a direction parallel to the walls within the randomizing chamber 186 (FIG. 18A). The structure of the elevator assembly 300 and its driving means is shown in FIG. 19. The elevator assembly 300 has two fork-shaped arms 307, which are moved vertically by motion of a lead screw 304. Each elevator arm 307 possesses a support surface for supporting card stacks as identified by labels 307A and 307B. Guide shafts 324 and 322 prevent torsional movement of the elevator arms 307, and are attached to platform 318 to which a stepper motor 312 is mounted. The upper portion of elevator assembly 300 is stabilized by bridge 320. The stepper motor 312 rotates the lead screw 304 by means of a timing belt 308. The orientation of a card stack 620 is shown when in transit on the elevator in FIG. 20. As shown in FIG. 18A, the two elevator arms 307 of the elevator penetrate the randomizing chamber 186 through access slots (not shown) in the wall 133 of the randomizing chamber 186, such that the elevator arms 307 may move freely in a direction parallel to the chamber walls. At the same time, the card stack on the elevator arms 307 is loosely constrained laterally on four sides by the chamber walls of randomizing chamber 186.
(55) The elevator movement is controlled in very fine increments by the stepper motor 312 in conjunction with an incremental encoder 310 which is mounted to the lead screw 304 as shown in FIG. 21. An encoder disc of the incremental encoder 310 has 200 increments per revolution which corresponds to each step of a 200 step per revolution step motor. The ratio of the lead screw 304 rotation to the elevator arm 307 linear motion is 4 millimeters per revolution. The stepper motor 310 can therefore control the elevator arms 307 in increments of 20 microns, where 1 micron equals one-millionth of a meter. The thickness of a typical playing card is approximately 300 microns. Thus, the stepper motor can therefore move the elevator arms 307 with the precision of 1/15th of the card thickness. In other words, 15 motor steps move the elevator arms 307 one card thickness. This high ratio makes the elevator mechanism controllable in fine increments, thus intolerant to positional error. Rather than the incremental encoder 310, other types of sensors could be used to monitor the linear movement of the elevator, as is known and practiced in the art.
(56) The randomizing method emulates the motion of a human dealer when cutting a card into a card deck as shown in prior art FIG. 11. The gripper assembly 200 emulates the gripping motion of a dealer's fingers as shown in FIG. 22. Two gripper pads 202 are mounted on the terminal ends of a first gripper arm 203 and a second gripper arm 204, with each pivoting upon pivot screws 206. The two arms are actuated by two small solenoids 207 and 208 which are mounted on the gripper frame 210. When the solenoids are activated, the arms 203, 204 and their associated pads 202 move in the direction of the arrows to pinch the lateral surfaces of a card stack as shown in FIG. 24. Upon deactivation of the solenoids 207, 208, the two arms 203, 204 are moved in the reverse direction by spring 212, which relaxes the grip and releases the card stack 620. In the relaxed position, there exists only slight clearance between the gripper pads 202 and the lateral surface of card stack 620.
(57) The complete gripper assembly 200 is shown in FIG. 23 where the gripper frame 210 is pivotally mounted on a shaft 209. The pivotal mount allows the gripper frame 210, including gripper arms 203 and 204, to move in an arc after the gripper solenoids 207, 208 have been activated. A cam follower roll 222 is mounted to the follower mount 218 which is rigidly attached to the gripper frame 210. During the gripping cycle, at least one card of the card stack 620 is grasped by the gripper arms 203 and 204, and thereafter lifted by the cam 220 to move an upper sub-stack of cards 620U upward through an arc. The motion is illustrated in FIG. 25 where the upper sub-stack is shown as 620U.
(58) The elevator assembly 300 is used to position a card stack relative to the gripper mechanism 200, in order to allow the gripper assembly 200 to split the card stack into two sub-stacks, 620U, 620L. The orientation between the elevated, upper sub-stack 620U, the gripper assembly 200, the lower sub-stack 620L, and the elevator assembly 300 is shown in FIG. 25. A lower card sub-stack 620L is shown supported by the elevator arms 307, while an upper card sub-stack 620U is shown lifted in an arc about pivot P1 which is locationally fixed to the frame of apparatus 100. The vertical position of the split between the upper sub-stack 620U and the lower sub-stack 620L is determined by the microcontroller which relocates the elevator arms 307 just prior to the gripping cycle. As shown in side elevation views of FIG. 26 and FIG. 27, the elevator arms 307 position a card stack 620 in a randomly selected elevation and the gripper assembly 200 thereafter splits the card stack through an arc at the random location. The lower sub-stack 620L is held stationary by the elevator arms 307 while the gripper arms 203, 204 raises the upper sub-stack 620U, and while a new card 622 is inserted into the wedge-shaped opening 326. As illustrated in FIG. 25, the axis of the elevator may form an angle with the surface of the casino table that is other than perpendicular.
(59) The purpose of the cam 220 shown in FIG. 23 is two-fold. First, the gripper assembly 200 creates a large wedge-shaped opening 326 which is tolerant to curved or bent cards as illustrated by warped card 622 in FIG. 25. The large wedge-shaped opening 326 overcomes the jamming problem exhibited by prior art narrow slot carousel and moving comb shuffling devices shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 8 and FIG. 9. Secondly, the cam 220 is designed to alleviate the cyclic life burden on the components of the elevator assembly 300. The prior art devices that utilized gripper mechanisms (see prior art FIG. 12A through FIG. 13B) required three elevator motions for each card insertion; a first elevator motion to arrive at the splitting plane; a second elevator motion to split the deck into two sub-stacks; and a third elevator motion to merge the two sub-stacks together after each card insertion. For one deck of 52 cards, for example, the prior art elevators must shuttle through 156 (352) motion cycles. In contrast, the elevator assembly 300 of the embodiments herein relocates just once during each card insertion cycle, thereby extending the service life of the elevator assembly 300 as compared to the prior art.
(60) The previously described grasp-elevate-insert-release cycle is repeated for each of the cards in an unshuffled deck until all cards have been transferred to the card stack 620 in the randomizing chamber 186. The card stack 620 thus begins with one card and builds to a full deck of 52 cards in the case that 52 cards is the desired deck size. Each new card is inserted into the card stack 620 at randomly chosen elevated positions by the microcontroller, which utilizes a random number generating algorithm to determine the height of each plane between two adjacent cards within the receiving card stack 620.
(61) Termination of the randomizing cycle is detected by the microcontroller via sensor 129 (see FIG. 18A). Upon termination of the randomizing cycle, the microcontroller will determine if the shuffled card deck 620 is faulty. If the card deck 620 is not faulty, the microcontroller will check the status of the sensor 765 (FIG. 18D) in the metering station 700 and thereafter direct the elevator to lower the deck to the metering station 700 as shown in FIG. 18C. Conversely, if the resulting shuffled deck has been found faulty after the randomizing cycle has been completed, the elevator arms 307 will raise the faulty card deck 630 to the rejected deck discharge portal 130 as shown in FIG. 18B.
(62) FIG. 28 illustrates an isometric view of the elevator support surfaces 307A and 307B when the elevator arms 307 are withdrawn to its lowest elevation to release a verified card deck to the metering assembly 700. In FIG. 28, the support surfaces 307A and 307B are crosshatched to help illustrate their position in the recessed openings 336 which surround the lateral sides of transfer roll 743. FIGS. 29A and 29B show isolated section views with the elevator assembly 300 and metering station 700 showing the process of transferring the verified card deck 610 to the transfer roll 743 of the metering station. As the elevator arms 307 are lowered toward a discharge position in FIG. 29A, the verified card deck 610 first makes contact with transfer roll 743, near one edge of the deck, which induces the verified card deck 610 to begin rotating counterclockwise as indicated by the circular arrow. In FIG. 29A, the verified card deck 610 is partially supported by the elevator surface 307A which is moving downward toward a recessed position. As the elevator arms 307 continue moving downward, the verified card deck 610 rotates until gaining additional support from roll 742 as shown in FIG. 29B. Centrifugal force is induced by the sudden rotation and is utilized to change the direction of the card deck to the direction of the arrow 141 where inertia thereafter takes the card deck to the circular abutment surface 760 in the metering station (see FIG. 18D). The transfer from the elevator arms 307 to the metering station 700 thus takes place by centrifugal force and inertia. It is noted that in FIG. 29B, the elevator arms 307 are in a fully retracted discharge position where the elevator arms 307 reside temporarily until the verified card deck 610 reaches the curvilinear abutment surface 760 of the metering station. The elevator arms 307 may thereafter be raised to the randomizing chamber 186 whereupon the randomization of a second deck can commence. The device configuration herein allows a second deck to commence randomization while a first deck is metering play-ready substacks to the output tray 142.
(63) Referring to FIG. 29B, it can be seen that the axis of the metering assembly 140 is sloped so as to permit inertia to propel the verified deck 610 along the axis of the arrow 141 to the curvilinear abutment surface 760 of the metering assembly. Removal of the verified deck 610 from the elevator could also be propelled by a device such a mechanical arm 778 as shown in FIG. 30. Although shown moving linearly, the mechanical arm could rotate or contact a tiltable platform to remove a card deck from the elevator. Alternatively, a moving belt 774 could remove the card deck from the elevator as shown in FIG. 31. These card moving devices are well known in the art.
(64) An isometric view of the metering station is shown in FIG. 32. The metering station components are mounted to an injection-molded frame 722 which supports the freely rotatable transfer roll 743, a series of freely rotatable rolls 742 and a metering feed mechanism that includes an electromagnetic clutch 746. A section view of the metering station is shown in FIG. 33.
(65) Referring to FIG. 33, shuffled card stacks move by inertia from the transfer roll 743 along rolls 742 until the leading edge of the deck contacts circular abutment surface 760 as shown in FIG. 18D. Sensor 765 is used to signal the microcontroller when the metering station is empty and therefore capable of receiving a card deck. Once abutted against the surface 760, cards can be metered one by one from the stack to the output tray 142 by metering rolls 762, 766, 764, 768 and 769. Metering rolls 768 and 769 are rotated at a constant speed by a motor which drives motor pulley 742. Metering rolls 766, 764 and 762 are driven independently by an electromagnetic clutch which is actuated intermittently. The clutch-driven rolls move the bottom most card from the stack through the nip between roll 764 and roll 766 until the leading edge is engaged by the nip between constantly rotating rolls 768 and 769. The electromagnetic clutch is thereafter deenergized which allows rolls 764, 766 and 762 to freely rotate while the card is pulled from the stack by rolls 768 and 769. A sensor 760 detects the trailing edge of each card and triggers the clutch to again energize, causing the next card to move from the stack. The sensor 760 additionally counts the cards as they are metered to the output tray 142 allowing the microcontroller to terminate the flow of cards when the proper number of cards has been metered as is required for the player's hand.
(66) The electromagnetic clutch is desirable from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost, but a stepper motor could also be used for the intermittent metering function. The electromagnetic clutch has only one coil and requires only one transistor to actuate, whereas a stepper motor is more expensive, having multiple coils and requiring sophisticated circuitry for its control.
(67) The high speed description of the card handling device herein derives its origin from the immediate response and relatively high speed that the cards are metered to the output tray upon command. A prototype of the device described herein meters the cards at a rate of slightly more than three cards per second. For a perspective of metering speed, consider the required discharge of hands consisting of 5 cards for a poker game of 5-card stud. The first hand and each successive hand can be discharged within less than two seconds. This response is probably faster than the dealer can distribute the hands to each of the players.
(68) A significant advantage of the card handling device is that one deck or two decks may be queued at the beginning of a dealer's shift before any game or number of players is resolved. FIG. 34 illustrates the condition whereupon a first deck 610 is being metered to the output tray 142 while a second deck 660 has been successfully shuffled and verified. The second deck 660 is temporarily staged in a buffer position.
(69) The first shuffled deck may be queued at the metering station 700 such that it is immediately available for discharge without needing to resolve the game type or number of players. Once the dealer enters those two parameters and enters a START command, the first play-ready hand can be discharged within a few seconds. In the 5-card stud example above, the first play-ready substack can be discharged within less than two seconds after the game start command.
(70) The response is quite advantageous in comparison to hand-forming shufflers that utilize compartments, whereupon the two parameters, game type and number of players, must be resolved before the shuffling operation can commence. Moreover, detection of a faulty deck in a compartment shuffler requires the game to be aborted while the shuffler compartments are unloaded. In comparison, the card handling device herein can shuffle a second deck while a first deck is being metered to the output tray, thus preparing a verified deck for the subsequent game.
(71) After the hands have been distributed to all players, there are cards remaining in the metering assembly. For example, for certain 7-card stud games such as Rollover or Baseball, each hand consists of seven cards which are delivered to each player, and no additional cards are needed for that game. If there are five players, then thirty-five (35) cards will have been metered, leaving seventeen (17) cards within the metering assembly. Comparatively, a game of Three-Card Poker with five players will only utilize eighteen (18) cards (five player hands and one dealer hand). In this latter case, the majority of cards will remain unplayed and the host operator will purge the shuffler of these residual cards before starting a new game.
(72) The purging cycle of the card handling device herein is relatively fast as compared to the purging cycle in compartment shufflers where there are residual cards remaining in several of the compartments after the hands have all been delivered to the players. All of those compartments need to be shuttled one by one to align with their pusher mechanisms in order to discharge the residual cards. Conversely, the metering station in the device herein is purged by rapidly propelling the remaining cards into the discharge tray without requiring multiple pusher strokes or carousel excursions. In the above example of 17 cards remaining in the metering station, the device herein can purge them in about 6 seconds.
(73) An alternate embodiment of the card handling device herein eliminates the faulty deck discharge portal 130. In this embodiment. All decks are discharged through the metering station 700, including faulty decks, and the advantages of processing two decks simultaneously is retained in this embodiment.
(74) FIG. 35 illustrates the condition where verified substacks 640 from a first verified deck 610 are being metered to the output tray 142. A second deck 630 is staged upon the elevator arms after having been shuffled and identified as faulty. In this case, the touch screen alerts the dealer to the faulty deck and will warn the dealer to purge that deck after the current game has been completed. In the examples provided herein, a full deck can be purged through the metering station in about 17 seconds.
(75) One of ordinary skill, having designer's choice, may choose to utilize different forms of actuators and transport components as described herein. Other forms of transport components, including cables, gears, chains and other types of belts may be substituted for those described herein. Other types of motors and solenoids are also logical substitutions. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the embodiments of the invention herein described are merely illustrative of the application of the principles of the invention. Reference herein to details of the illustrated embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, which themselves recite those features regarded as essential to the invention.
