Solid amine adsorbent and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present disclosure a solid amine adsorbent and its preparation method and application. The solid amine adsorbent consists of modified organic amines and a porous nano support, with the proportion of secondary amines in the modified organic amines being 70% or higher. The preparation method of the modified organic amines includes the following steps: S1: Mixing the organic amine and the organic amine modifying agent into an acetonitrile solvent and stirring to achieve uniform mixing; S2: Adding a crosslinking agent to the solution and stirring; S3: Gradually adding acetic acid to the solution during stirring to adjust the pH to neutral, then continuing to stir; S4: Using a rotary evaporator to evaporate the solvent at 90-110 C. until completely removed, resulting in the modified organic amine. The modified solid amine adsorbent produced by the present disclosure maintains high stability during cyclic adsorption and desorption processes while also ensuring excellent capacity.

Claims

1. A solid amine adsorbent for CO2 adsorption, comprising: modified organic amines and a porous nano carrier; wherein a proportion of secondary amines in the modified organic amines is 70% or higher; a loading amount of the modified organic amines in the adsorbent is 10 wt. % to 80 wt. %, the modified organic amines are prepared by following steps: S1: mixing organic amines and organic amine modifiers into a solvent of acetonitrile in a volume of 5-15 times, and stir at a temperature of 25-60 C. at 300-600 rpm for 3-5 minutes until uniformly mixed; S2: adding a crosslinking agent to the solution and stirring at room temperature at a speed of 300-1500 rpm for 5-20 hours; S3: during the stirring process at 300-600 rpm, gradually add acetic acid dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution, maintaining it in the neutral range of pH 6.5-7.5, and continue stirring for 15-60 minutes; S4: using a rotary evaporator to evaporate the solvent at 90-110 C. until completely removed, resulting in the modified organic amine; wherein the organic amine modifiers are selected from any one of acetaldehyde, propanal, cyclopentanone, acetone, 3-pentanone, or cyclohexanone; the crosslinking agent is selected from any one of triacetoxyborohydride sodium, cyanoborohydride sodium, or borane-2-methylpyridine complex; the molar ratio of the organic amine to the organic amine modifying agent is 1:(1-4); the molar ratio of the organic amine to the organic amine crosslinking agent is 1:(1-4).

2. The solid amine adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the organic amine is selected from any one of diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, or polyethyleneimine.

3. The solid amine adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the solid amine adsorbent is prepared by following steps: S1: dissolving the dried modified organic amines in a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.5-3.0 mol/L and extract 2-10 times until extraction is complete; S2: after mixing all extraction phases, adding the porous nano carrier, and using a rotary evaporator to evaporate at 40-140 C. until the solvent is completely removed to obtain Product 1; S3: drying product 1 in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 40-140 C. for 4-12 hours to obtain the solid amine adsorbent.

4. The solid amine adsorbent according to claim 3, wherein the alkaline solution is any one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, or ammonia solution.

5. The solid amine adsorbent according to claim 3, wherein the volume of the alkaline solution is 1 to 3 times the volume of acetonitrile.

6. The solid amine adsorbent according to claim 3, wherein the extraction agent is any one of ethyl acetate, ether, diisopropyl ether, or isoamyl alcohol.

7. The solid amine adsorbent according to claim 3, wherein the single-use amount of the extraction agent is 0.5 to 3 times the volume of acetonitrile.

8. The solid amine adsorbent according to claim 3, wherein the porous nano carrier is any one of silica, alumina, zeolite molecular sieves, resins, or MOFs.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) To clarify the technical solutions of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in the embodiment. It should be understood that the following figures illustrate only certain embodiments of the present disclosure and should not be construed as a limitation on the scope. Those skilled in the art can derive other related figures without creative effort based on these figures.

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the organic amine modification process of the present disclosure;

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the molecular structures of the main isomers of unmodified TEPA in Comparative Example 1 and modified TEPA in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure;

(4) FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the molecular structures of the main isomers of unmodified PEHA in Comparative Example 2 and modified PEHA in Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure;

(5) FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the molecular structures of unmodified B-PEI-1200 in Comparative Example 3 and modified B-PEI-1200 in Embodiment 3 of the present disclosure;

(6) FIG. 5 presents the distribution of primary, secondary, and tertiary amine ratios for organic amines in Embodiments 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3.

SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT

(7) To facilitate a better understanding of the invention by those skilled in the art, the following describes the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is evident that the described embodiments are merely part of the embodiments of the invention and do not represent all possible embodiments. All other embodiments derived by those skilled in the art without the need for creative effort based on the embodiments of the present disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of this invention.

(8) I. Sources of Materials for Embodiments and Comparative Examples

(9) Glycerol: CAS: 6-81-5, Shanghai Hushi; B-PEI-300: CAS: 9002-98-6, Thermo Fisher Chemical; B-PEI-1200: CAS: 9002-98-6, Thermo Fisher Chemical; B-PEI-600: CAS: 9002-98-6, Thermo Fisher Chemical; B-PEI-1800: CAS: 9002-98-6, Thermo Fisher Chemical; TEPA: CAS: 112-57-2, Shanghai Aladdin; PEHA: CAS: 4067-16-7, Shanghai Aladdin; NaBH.sub.3CN: CAS: 25895-60-7, Shanghai Aladdin; (CH.sub.3COO).sub.3BHNa: CAS: 56553-60-7, Vokai; Borane-2-methylpyridine complex (C.sub.6H.sub.10BN): CAS: 3999-38-0; Alfa Sodium hydroxide: CAS: 1310-73-2, Shanghai Aladdin; Acetonitrile: CAS: 75-05-8, Shanghai Aladdin; Diethyl ether: CAS: 2679-89-2, Shanghai Aladdin; Ethyl acetate: CAS: 141-78-6, Shanghai Aladdin; Acetone: CAS: 127-06-0, Shanghai Aladdin; Cyclopentanone: CAS: 120-92-3, Shanghai Aladdin; Cyclohexanone: CAS: 108-94-1, Shanghai Aladdin; Propylene oxide: CAS: 75-56-9, Vokai; Methanol: CAS: 67-56-1, Shanghai Hushi.
Performance Testing Methods

(10) (1) Solid Amine CO.sub.2 Adsorbent Cycling Adsorption Method: A 15 mg sample of the prepared adsorbent is subjected to adsorption testing using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The adsorption temperature and atmosphere are set at 60 C. and 15% CO.sub.2, with an adsorption time of 60 minutes. The desorption temperature and atmosphere are 150 C. and 100% CO.sub.2, with a desorption time of 30 minutes. This adsorption-desorption cycle is repeated 10 times.

(11) (2) Proportion Testing Method for Modified Organic Amines: The proportions of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines in the organic amine molecules are tested using a liquid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer (Bruker, Ascend TM500 MHz, Germany). The inverse-gated decoupling pulse method is employed for quantitative analysis of the 13C spectrum, and the distribution of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines is calculated based on the area integral corresponding to the characteristic carbon atoms.

(12) (3) Conversion Rate Testing During Organic Amine Modification:
Primary amine to secondary amine conversion rate=(initial primary amine ratiofinal primary amine ratio)/initial primary amine ratio
Secondary amine to tertiary amine conversion rate=(final tertiary amine ratioinitial tertiary amine ratio)/initial secondary amine ratio;

(13) (4) CO.sub.2 Adsorption Capacity Testing: The CO.sub.2 capacity of the adsorbent is measured using a Setsys EVO Easy 1750 thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA; SETARAM, France).

(14) A sample of 15-25 mg of the adsorbent is first treated under a 100% Ar atmosphere at 150 C. for 30 minutes to obtain the initial mass (M1). The mass after switching to a 60 C. and 15% CO.sub.2 atmosphere for 60 minutes is recorded as the saturated mass (M2). The adsorption amount Q (in mmol/g of adsorbent) is calculated using the following formula:

(15) $Q=\frac{M2-M1}{M1*44}*1000$

Embodiment 1

(16) This embodiment of the solid amine adsorbent includes steps for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation:

(17) Organic Amine Modification:

(18) S1: Add 11.4 g of TEPA and 9.80 g of cyclohexanone (molar ratio 1.2:2) to 200 mL of acetonitrile solvent, and stir at 400 rpm for 3 minutes at 25 C. to ensure uniform mixing; S2: Add 6.30 g of NaBH.sub.3CN (molar ratio to TEPA is 2:1) into the solution, stirring at room temperature at 1000 rpm for 10 hours; S3: During stirring at 300 rpm, gradually add acetic acid to the solution to adjust the pH to 7.0, and continue stirring for 30 minutes; S4: Use a vacuum rotary evaporator to evaporate the solution at 100 C. until the solvent is completely removed, yielding the modified organic amine;
Adsorbent Preparation: S5: Dissolve the dried modified organic amine in 200 mL of 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, extracting four times with 100 mL of ether each time; S6: Combine all extracted phases, add 9.45 g of silica support, and use a vacuum rotary evaporator to evaporate at 40 C. until the solvent is completely removed, yielding product 1; S7: Dry product 1 in a vacuum drying oven at 40 C. for 6 hours to obtain a solid amine CO.sub.2 adsorbent with an organic amine loading of 50 wt. %.

Embodiment 2

(19) This embodiment of the solid amine adsorbent includes steps for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation:

(20) Organic Amine Modification:

(21) S1: Add 11.6 g of PEHA and 14.7 g of cyclopentanone (molar ratio 1:3.5) to 300 mL of acetonitrile solvent, and stir at 500 rpm for 3 minutes at 35 C. for uniform mixing; S2: Add 9.45 g of NaBH.sub.3CN (molar ratio to PEHA is 3:1) into the solution, stirring at room temperature at 1000 rpm for 15 hours; S3: During stirring at 500 rpm, gradually add acetic acid to adjust the solution pH to 7.0, maintaining neutrality, and continue stirring for 30 minutes; S4: Use a vacuum rotary evaporator to evaporate the solution at 100 C. until the solvent is completely removed, yielding the modified organic amine;
Adsorbent Preparation: S5: Dissolve the dried substrate in 300 mL of 1.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, extracting three times with 200 mL of ethyl acetate each time; S6: Combine all extracted phases, add aluminum oxide support, and use a vacuum rotary evaporator to evaporate at 85 C. until the solvent is completely removed, yielding product 1; S7: Dry product 1 in a vacuum drying oven at 85 C. for 4 hours to obtain a solid amine CO.sub.2 adsorbent with an organic amine loading of 50 wt. %.

(22) In this embodiment, the modified organic amine's ratio of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines is 4:80:16. As shown in FIG. 5, the conversion rate of primary amines to secondary amines is 89.7%, while the conversion rate of secondary amines to tertiary amines is only 4.3%. The prepared CO.sub.2 adsorbent shows an initial CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of 3.72 mmol/g and a tenth cycle capacity of 3.55 mmol/g, retaining 95.4% of its adsorption capacity. These results indicate that the modified organic amine and the resulting CO.sub.2 adsorbent exhibit excellent stability while maintaining high capacity.

Embodiment 3

(23) This embodiment of the solid amine adsorbent includes steps for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation:

(24) Organic Amine Modification:

(25) S1: Add 4.3 g of branched polyethyleneimine (B-PEI-1200) with a weight-average molecular weight of 1200 and 8.7 g of acetone (molar ratio 1:1.5) to 100 mL of acetonitrile solvent, stirring at 500 rpm for 5 minutes at 50 C. to ensure uniform mixing; S2: Add 9.45 g of NaBH.sub.3CN (molar ratio to polyethyleneimine is 1.5:1) into the solution, stirring at room temperature at 1000 rpm for 20 hours; S3: During stirring at 500 rpm, gradually add acetic acid to the solution to adjust the pH to 7.0, and continue stirring for 30 minutes; S4: Use a vacuum rotary evaporator to evaporate the solution at 100 C. until the solvent is completely removed, yielding the modified organic amine;
Adsorbent Preparation: S5: Dissolve the dried substrate in 200 mL of 2.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, extracting five times with 50 mL of ether each time; S6: After mixing all extracted phases, add a resin support and use a vacuum rotary evaporator to evaporate at 45 C. until the solvent is completely removed, yielding the modified organic amine product; S7: Dry the synthesized product in a vacuum drying oven at 45 C. for 6 hours to obtain a solid amine CO.sub.2 adsorbent with an organic amine loading of 50 wt. %.

Embodiment 4

(26) The method for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation is consistent with Embodiment 1, except that the amounts used for TEPA, cyclohexanone, and NaBH.sub.3CN are 9.45 g, 14.7 g, and 9.45 g (molar ratio 1:3:3).

Embodiment 5

(27) The method for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation is consistent with Embodiment 2, except that the amounts used for PEHA, cyclopentanone, and NaBH.sub.3CN are 11.6 g, 16.8 g, and 12.6 g (molar ratio 1:4:4).

Embodiment 6

(28) The method for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation is consistent with Embodiment 3, except that the amounts used for branched polyethyleneimine (B-PEI-1200), acetone, and NaBH.sub.3CN are 4.3 g, 5.8 g, and 6.3 g (molar ratio 1:1:1).

Embodiment 7

(29) The method for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation is consistent with Embodiment 3, except that the porous nano support used is silica.

Embodiment 8

(30) The method for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation is consistent with Embodiment 3, except that the porous nano support used is aluminum oxide.

Embodiment 9

(31) The method for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation is consistent with Embodiment 3, except that the porous nano support used is a zeolite molecular sieve.

Embodiment 10

(32) The method for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation is consistent with Embodiment 6, except that the organic amine used is branched polyethyleneimine (B-PEI-1800) with a weight-average molecular weight of 1800.

Embodiment 11

(33) The method for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation is consistent with Embodiment 6, except that the organic amine used is branched polyethyleneimine (B-PEI-600) with a weight-average molecular weight of 600.

Embodiment 12

(34) The method for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation is consistent with Embodiment 6, except that the organic amine used is branched polyethyleneimine (B-PEI-300) with a weight-average molecular weight of 300.

Embodiment 13

(35) The method for organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation is consistent with Embodiment 3, except that the crosslinking agent used is (CH.sub.3COO).sub.3BHNa.

Comparative Example 1

(36) Comparing Comparative Example 1 with Embodiment 1, the organic amine was not modified and the adsorbent was prepared directly: S1: Mix 9.45 g of TEPA with 400 mL of ether, then add 9.45 g of silica support. Use a vacuum rotary evaporator at 45 C. until the solvent completely evaporates to obtain Product 1; S2: Dry Product 1 in a vacuum oven at 45 C. for 6 hours to prepare a solid amine CO.sub.2 adsorbent with an organic amine loading of 50 wt. %.

Comparative Example 2

(37) Comparing Comparative Example 2 with Embodiment 2, the organic amine was not modified and the adsorbent was prepared directly: S1: Mix 11.6 g of PEHA with 600 mL of ethyl acetate, then add 11.6 g of aluminum oxide support. Use a vacuum rotary evaporator at 85 C. until the solvent completely evaporates to obtain Product 1; S2: Dry Product 1 in a vacuum oven at 85 C. for 4 hours to prepare a solid amine CO.sub.2 adsorbent with an organic amine loading of 50 wt. %.

Comparative Example 3

(38) Comparing Comparative Example 3 with Embodiment 3, the organic amine was not modified and the adsorbent was prepared directly: S1: Mix 4.3 g of B-PEI-1200 with 250 mL of ether, then add 4.3 g of resin support. Use a vacuum rotary evaporator at 45 C. until the solvent completely evaporates to obtain Product 1; S2: Dry Product 1 in a vacuum oven at 45 C. for 6 hours to prepare a solid amine CO.sub.2 adsorbent with an organic amine loading of 50 wt. %.

Comparative Example 4

(39) Comparing Comparative Example 4 with Embodiment 3, the organic amine modification and adsorbent preparation methods are consistent. The difference lies in the use of 8.6 g of B-PEI-1200 along with 2.32 g of acetone and 2.52 g of NaBH.sub.3CN (molar ratio 1:0.2:0.2).

Comparative Example 5

(40) Comparing Comparative Example 5 with Embodiment 3, the adsorbent preparation methods are consistent. The difference is that in step S3 of the organic amine modification, the reaction pH is controlled at 4.

Comparative Example 6

(41) Comparing Comparative Example 6 with Embodiment 1, the adsorbent preparation methods are consistent. The difference lies in the organic amine modification method, which uses an epoxy propane ring-opening grafting method. Epoxy propane and TEPA are mixed in a molar ratio of 2:1 and added to 10 times the volume of methanol. After stirring at room temperature for 12 hours, a modified organic amine methanol solution is obtained. This solution is combined with a silica support and subjected to vacuum rotary evaporation at 70 C. until the solvent completely evaporates. The residual substrate is then dried in a vacuum oven at 70 C. for 4 hours, resulting in a solid amine CO.sub.2 adsorbent with an amine loading of 50 wt. %.

(42) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Test Results of Embodiments and Comparative Examples Primary Secondary Amine Amine Initial Adsorption Remaining Primary Secondary Tertiary Conversion Conversion Adsorption Capacity after Adsorption Amine Amine Amine Rate Rate Capacity 10 Cycles Capacity Item (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (mmol/g) (mmol/g) (%) Embodiment 1 6 79 15 87.2 7.3 4.63 4.35 94.0 Embodiment 2 4 80 16 89.7 4.3 3.72 3.55 95.4 Embodiment 3 3 72 25 92.7 5.6 2.69 2.62 97.4 Embodiment 4 4 83 13 91.5 2.4 4.65 4.39 94.4 Embodiment 5 3 82 15 92.3 2.1 3.74 3.6 96.3 Embodiment 6 5 71 24 87.8 2.8 2.7 2.61 96.7 Embodiment 7 3 72 25 92.7 5.6 2.72 2.62 96.3 Embodiment 8 2 73 25 95.1 5.6 2.72 2.65 97.4 Embodiment 9 4 71 25 90.2 5.6 2.7 2.6 96.3 Embodiment 10 2 70 28 89.1 3.9 2.59 2.55 98.5 Embodiment 11 6 75 19 87.0 5.8 2.88 2.77 96.2 Embodiment 12 7 76 17 86.1 6.7 3.57 3.37 94.4 Embodiment 13 4 80 16 90.7 4.4 3.22 3.02 93.8 Comparative 47 41 12 / / 4.66 0.66 14.2 Example 1 Comparative 39 47 14 / / 3.74 0.77 20.6 Example 2 Comparative 41 36 23 / / 2.73 0.89 32.6 Example 3 Comparative 20 56 24 51.2 2.8 2.71 2.14 79.0 Example 4 Comparative 27 60 13 42.6 2.4 4.63 3.55 76.7 Example 5 Comparative 12 60 28 74.5 39.0 3.49 3.29 94.3 Example 6

(43) In Embodiments 1-13, the organic amines underwent modification, resulting in a conversion rate of primary amines to secondary amines exceeding 85%, while the conversion rate of secondary amines to tertiary amines did not exceed 7.3%. The modified organic amines achieved a secondary amine proportion of 70% or higher. The solid amine adsorbents derived from these modified organic amines exhibited high stability, maintaining over 93% of their remaining adsorption capacity after 10 cycles. Additionally, the adsorbents demonstrated high adsorption capacity, indicating that the modified solid amine adsorbents obtained through the formulation and preparation methods described herein effectively balance thermal and chemical stability with capacity, offering a significant advantage over the comparative examples and meeting the high standards demanded by customers and the market.

(44) In Comparative Examples 1-3, no organic amine modification was performed. The resulting solid amine adsorbents had a high proportion of primary amines, leading to a significant rate of amine deactivation during cycling. After 10 cycles, the remaining adsorption capacity was only between 14.2% and 32.6%, indicating poor stability of the CO.sub.2 adsorbents prepared from unmodified organic amines during cycling. In Comparative Example 4, insufficient amounts of the modifying agent and crosslinking agent led to incomplete conversion of primary amines to secondary amines, resulting in inadequate stability during the cycling of the adsorbents. In Comparative Example 5, the organic amine modification occurred in a slightly acidic environment, inhibiting the conversion of primary amines to secondary amines, resulting in poor stability of the prepared organic amines and CO.sub.2 adsorbents. In Comparative Example 6, the epoxy propylene ring-opening grafting method used for organic amine modification resulted in a 25.1% decrease in initial adsorption capacity of the CO.sub.2 adsorbents compared to Comparative Example 1. This demonstrated a noticeable reduction in amine utilization efficiency. In contrast, the CO.sub.2 adsorbents prepared from the modified amines in Embodiment 1 of this application maintained nearly unchanged initial adsorption capacity compared to the unmodified Comparative Example 1, illustrating that the modified method proposed in this application effectively achieves both stability and adsorption performance.

(45) The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and should not be construed as limiting. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.