POLYOLEFIN DISPERSION WITH PRIMARY FATTY AMIDE ADDITIVE

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a) poly-C2-C3-olefin particles: b) a dispersant: and c) a C5-C26-alkyl primary fatty amide. The composition of the present invention is useful for preparing coatings on paper with desirable moisture vapor transition rate and coefficient of friction properties.

Claims

1. A composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of a) poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles; b) a dispersant which is a copolymer of ethylene and a carboxylic acid monomer or a salt thereof; and c) a C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide; wherein the concentration of the polyolefin particles is in the range of from 40 to 95 weight percent; the concentration of the dispersant is in the range of from 4 to 50 weight percent; and the concentration of the C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide is in the range of from 0.5 to 5 weight percent, wherein the concentrations are based on the weight of the poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles, the dispersant, and the C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dispersant is an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer or a salt thereof or an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer or a salt thereof; and the C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide is a C.sub.10-C.sub.24-alkyl primary fatty amide.

3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the C.sub.10-C.sub.24-alkyl primary fatty amide is a C.sub.16-C.sub.22-alkyl primary fatty amide having a melting point in the range of from 50 C. to 115 C., and the poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles are ethylene-C.sub.4-C.sub.10--olefin copolymer particles.

4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the ethylene-C.sub.4-C.sub.10--olefin copolymer particles are ethylene-1-octene copolymer particles.

5. The composition of claim 2 wherein the C.sub.10-C.sub.24-alkyl primary fatty amide is a C.sub.16-C.sub.22-alkyl primary fatty amide having a melting point in the range of from 50 C. to 115 C., and the poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles are polypropylene particles.

6. The composition of claim 2 wherein the C.sub.10-C.sub.24-alkyl primary fatty amide is a C.sub.16-C.sub.22-alkyl primary fatty amide having a melting point in the range of from 50 C. to 115 C., and the poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles are poly (ethylene-propylene) copolymers particles.

7. The composition of claim 2 wherein, based on the weight of the poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles, the dispersant, and the C.sub.10-C.sub.24-alkyl primary fatty amide, the concentration of the poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin is in the range of from 60 to 90 weight percent; the concentration of the dispersant is in the range of from 9 to 40 weight percent; and the concentration of the C.sub.10-C.sub.24-alkyl primary fatty amide is in the range of from 1 to 4 weight percent.

8. The composition of claim 3 wherein, based on the weight of the poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles, the dispersant, and the C.sub.16-C.sub.22-alkyl primary fatty amide, the concentration of the poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin is in the range of from 60 to 90 weight percent; the concentration of the dispersant is in the range of from 9 to 40 weight percent; and the concentration of the C.sub.16-C.sub.22-alkyl primary fatty amide is in the range of from 1 to 4 weight percent.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention is a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of a) poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles; b) a dispersant which is a copolymer of ethylene and a carboxylic acid monomer or a salt thereof; and c) a C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide; wherein the concentration of the polyolefin particles is in the range of from 40 to 95 weight percent; the concentration of the dispersant is in the range of from 4 to 50 weight percent; and the concentration of the C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide is in the range of from 0.5 to 5 weight percent, wherein the concentrations are based on the weight of the poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles, the dispersant, and the C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide.

[0006] As used herein, poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles refer to polyethylene particles, polypropylene particles, and poly (ethylene-propylene) copolymers particles. The polyethylene may be an ethylene-C.sub.4-C.sub.10--olefin copolymer (i.e., linear low-density polyethylene) such as an ethylene-1-butene copolymer, an ethylene-1-hexene copolymer, and an ethylene-1-octene copolymer. A commercially available linear low-density polyethylene is AFFINITY PL1280 LLDPE Ethylene-Octene Copolymer (A Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company or its Affiliates). The polyethylene may also be a high-density polyethylene, commercially available, for example, as DOW DMDA-8940 NT 7 HDPE Resin; or a low-density polyethylene. An example of a commercially available ethylene-propylene copolymer is VERSIFYM 4200 Propylene-Ethylene Copolymer (Trademarks of The Dow Chemical Company or its Affiliates), and a commercially available polypropylene is Braskem 6D43 Random Copolymer. The particles, which are believed to contain the C.sub.2-C.sub.3-polyolefin and some amount of the dispersant and the primary fatty amide associated therewith, preferably have a volume mean particle size in the range of from 200 nm or from 300 nm to 5 m or to 3 m or to 1.5 m, as measured by dynamic light scattering.

[0007] The dispersant is a copolymer of ethylene and a carboxylic acid monomer or a salt thereof. Examples of suitable dispersants include ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers, and ethylene-itaconic acid copolymers, and lithium, sodium, and potassium salts thereof.

[0008] The weight-to-weight ratio of structural units of ethylene to carboxylic acid monomer is preferably in the range of from 95:5, more preferably from 90:10, and most preferably from 85:15; to 70:30, more preferably to 75:25. As used herein, the term structural unit of the named monomer refers to the remnant of the monomer after polymerization. For example, a structural unit of methacrylic acid is as illustrated:

##STR00001##

where the dotted lines represent the points of attachment of the structural unit to the polymer backbone.

[0009] Examples of commercially available dispersants include PRIMACOR 5980i Ethylene-Acrylic Acid Copolymer and NUCREL 960 Ethylene-Methacrylic Acid Copolymer (Trademarks of The Dow Chemical Company or its Affiliates).

[0010] The C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide may be linear or branched and may be saturated or partially unsaturated with one or two or three double bonds. The fatty amide may also be a C.sub.10-C.sub.24-alkyl primary fatty amide or a C.sub.16-C.sub.22-alkyl primary fatty amide. Examples of suitable fatty amides include linear and branched C.sub.18--alkyl mono-unsaturated fatty amides; linear and branched C.sub.18-alkyl saturated fatty amides; linear and branched C.sub.22-alkyl mono-unsaturated fatty amides; and linear and branched C.sub.22-alkyl saturated fatty amides. The C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide preferably has a melting point in the range of from 50 C. or from 65 C. to 115 C. or to 100 C. or to 90 C.

[0011] The concentration of the poly-C.sub.2-C.sub.3-olefin particles less any associated dispersant or primary fatty amide is in the range of from 40 or from 60 or from 70 weight percent, to 95 or to 90 weight percent, based on the weight of the polyolefin, the dispersant, and the C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide. The concentration of the dispersant is in the range of from 4 or from 9, or from 15 weight percent, to 50, or to 40, or to 30 weight percent, based on the weight of the polyolefin particles, the dispersant, and the C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl fatty amide. The concentration of the C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl primary fatty amide is in the range of from 0.5 or from 1 to 5 or to 4 or to 3 weight percent, based on the weight of the polyolefin particles, the dispersant, and the C.sub.5-C.sub.26-alkyl fatty amide.

[0012] A neutralizing agent such as KOH is advantageously used to adjust the pH of the composition to the desired level, which is preferably in the range of from 8 to 11.

[0013] The composition advantageously further comprises a stabilizing amount of an anionic surfactant such as a C.sub.10-C.sub.24 linear or branched alkyl or aralkyl carboxylate, sulfate, or phosphate; or a nonionic surfactant such as a secondary alcohol ethoxylate or an ethylene oxide propylene oxide block copolymer surfactant. The composition can be prepared as shown in the Examples section.

[0014] It has been discovered that coat weights in the range of 1 g/m.sup.2, or from 2 g/m.sup.2 or from 5 g/m.sup.2 to 20 g/m.sup.2 or to 12 g/m.sup.2 or to 10 g/m.sup.2 can be achieved with desirable moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) and coefficient of friction (CoF) properties.

Method for Preparing Coated Substrates and Measuring Coat Weights

[0015] UPM Brilliant 62 Glassine Paper (basis wt. 62 g/m.sup.2) was coated with the polyolefin dispersion using a drawdown bar and dried in a forced air oven for 2 min at 100 C. to a final coating areal density (coat weight) of 8 g/m.sup.2 (8 to 9 m coating thickness). Coat weights were measured by punching holes in coated and uncoated UPM paper with a circular die to form discs having a specified diameter (D cm). The coated discs (W1) were weighed against the uncoated disc (W2) and the coat weights were calculated by the formula:

[00001]$\frac{\left(W1-W2\right)}{{\left(\frac{D}{200}\right)}^2}$

Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate Measurements

[0016] Moisture Vapor Transmission Rates (MVTRs) were determined in accordance with ASTM E96/E96M. A coated paper sample was sealed to the open end of a permeability cup followed by exposure of the sample to a controlled temperature and humidity environment (typically, a humidity chamber). MVTR was determined based by measuring mass uptake for the cup as a function of time.

Dynamic Coefficient of Friction Measurements

[0017] The dynamic coefficients of friction (CoFs) were measured using a Texture Analyzer with a sliding friction rig in accordance with TAPPI T549. A piece of coated paper was affixed to the bottom of a sled weighing 200 g with the coated side facing down. Another piece of coated paper was affixed to a plane with coated side facing up. A string was attached to the sled and pulled so that the sled traversed the plane at the speed of 2.5 mm/s for at least 100 mm. The plateaued force Fd (unit: gram force) for the constant moving of the sled was recorded. Dynamic CoFs were calculated as Fd/200.

Calculation of Degree of Neutralization

[0018] The degree of neutralization of the polyolefin dispersions was determined by the following equation:

[00002]$\mathrm{DoN}=\frac{56000W}{E_B{.Math.}_i{A}_i{}_i}100$

where W is the weight of the base added in g, E.sub.B is the equivalent weight of the base, A.sub.i is the acid number of the ith component in units of mg KOH/g and the .sub.i is the weight fraction of the ith component in POD dispersion solid.

EXAMPLES

[0019] Table 1 illustrates the components and feed rates used to prepare Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5. Feed rates are shown parenthetically. The general procedure is shown following Table 1. PO refers to the polyolefin; Amide refers to the fatty amide; H.sub.2O.sub.o refers to the initial water rate; H.sub.2O.sub.d refers to the dilution water rate; Solids refers to the wt. % solids of the polyolefin the dispersant, the fatty amide, and the anionic surfactant in the dispersion; and PS refers to the particle size of the particles in microns as determined by dynamic light scattering.

[0020] PL1280 refers to AFFINITY PL 1280 LLDPE EthyleneOctene Copolymer; V4200 refers to VERSIFYM Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer; N960 refers to NUCREL N960 Ethylene-Methacrylic Acid Copolymer. OA (Oleamide, m.p. 70 C.) is a C.sub.18-alkyl mono-unsaturated primary fatty amide; EA (Euracamide, m.p 80 C.) is a C.sub.22-alkyl mono-unsaturated primary fatty amide; BA (behenamide, m.p. 112 C. is a C.sub.22-alkyl saturated primary fatty amide; EBS (ethylene bis-stearamide, m.p. 145 C.) is a C.sub.38-alkyl secondary fatty amide; OPA (oleyl palmitamide, m.p. 60-66 C.) is a C.sub.34-alkyl secondary fatty amide; SEA (stearyl euracamide, m.p. 70-75 C.) is a C.sub.40-alkyl secondary fatty amide.

[0021] The degree of neutralization for Comparative Examples 1-4 and Examples 1-6 was 75% and the degree of neutralization for Comparative Example 5 and Example 7 was 80%.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Components and Feed Rates for Examples PO N960 Amide H.sub.2O.sub.o KOH H.sub.2O.sub.d Solids PS Ex. No. (g/min) (g/min) (g/min) (mL/min) (mL/min) (mL/min) (wt. %) (m) Comp. 1 PL1280 (61.3) (11.4) None (7.9) (3.3) (80) 47.8 0.41 Ex. 1 PL1280 (60.2) (11.4) OA (1.1) (7.9) (3.3) (80) 48.2 0.56 Ex. 2 PL1280 (59) (11.4) OA (2.3) (7.9) (3.3) (80) 49.2 0.86 Ex. 3 PL1280 (60.2) (11.4) EA (1.1) (7.9) (3.3) (80) 48.4 0.57 Ex. 4 PL1280 (59) (11.4) EA (2.3) (7.9) (3.3) (80) 48.8 1.44 Ex. 5 PL1280 (60.2) (11.4) BA (1.1) (7.9) (3.3) (80) 48.4 0.55 Ex. 6 PL1280 (59) (11.4) BA (2.3) (7.9) (3.3) (80) 48.3 1.21 Comp. 2 PL1280 (60.2) (11.4) EBS (1.1) (7.9) (3.3) (80) 48.0 0.56 Comp. 3 PL1280 (60.1) (11.3) OPA (1.1) (7.9) (3.3) (79) 49.1 0.45 Comp 4 PL1280 (59.0) (11.3) SEA (1.1) (7.9) (3.3) (77) 49.5 0.41 Ex. 7 V4200 (59.8) (11.4) EA (1.5) (9.2) (3.1) (80) 49.1 1.32 Comp. 5 V4200 (61.3) (11.4) None (7.9) (3.5) (85) 47.7 0.52

[0022] General Procedure for Preparation of Aqueous Dispersions of Polyolefin Dispersions Aqueous dispersions were prepared by the following general procedure:

[0023] The PO, N960, and the Amide (except for Comparative Examples 1 and 5) were fed into a 25-mm diameter twin screw extruder using separate controlled rate feeders. The anionic surfactant (Oleic acid) was pumped into the melt zone of the extruder as a liquid using an Isco syringe pump at a feed rate of 3.4 mL/min. The PO, N960, and the Amide were forwarded through the extruder and melted to form an intermediate liquid melt material.

[0024] The extruder temperature profile was ramped up to 150 C. Water and 30% aq. KOH were mixed and fed to the extruder at an initial water introduction site after a uniform polymer melt was formed; then, dilution water was fed into the extruder. The extruder speed was 450 rpm for all samples except Comparative Example 5, where the extruder speed was 400 rpm. At the extruder outlet, a backpressure regulator was used to adjust the pressure inside the extruder barrel to a pressure adapted to reduce steam formation, generally in the range of 2 MPa to 4 MPa.

[0025] Each aqueous dispersion exited from the extruder and was filtered first through a 200-m filter. The solids content of dispersions was measured using an infrared solids analyzer, and the volume mean particle size of the polymer particles was measured using a COULTER LS-230 particle size analyzer (Beckman Coulter Corporation, Fullerton, CA).

[0026] Table 2 illustrates the MVTR and CoF for the examples and comparative examples. The coating thicknesses for each sample was 8 gsm. PO:N960:Amide refers to the w/w/w ratios of the polyolefin, the dispersant, and the fatty amide.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 MVTR and CoF of Samples Amide m.p. 1 or CoF Ex No. PO:N960:Amide C. 2 MVTR dynamic Comp. 1 84.4:15.6:0 none NA 185.3 0.29 Ex. 1 82.8:15.6:1.6 70 1 124 0.07 Ex. 2 81.2:15.6:3.2 70 1 92 0.07 Ex. 3 82.8:15.6:1.6 80 1 146.3 0.09 Ex. 4 81.2:15.6:3.2 80 1 88.6 0.10 Ex. 5 82.8:15.6:1.6 112 1 125 0.29 Ex. 6 81.2:15.6:3.2 112 1 89.1 0.3 Comp. 2 82.8:15.6:1.6 145 2 193 0.36 Comp. 3 82.8:15.6:1.6 60-66 2 191.9 0.11 Comp. 4 82.8:15.6:1.6 70-75 2 195.9 0.15 Ex. 7 82.8:15.6:1.6 80 1 103 0.06 Comp. 5 84.4:15.6:0 none NA 143 1.35

[0027] The data show an improvement in MVTR for coatings containing primary fatty amides when compared with coatings containing either no amide additive or coatings containing secondary fatty amides. For certain applications, dynamic CoFs of 0.3 or less are acceptable; for other applications, CoFs of less than 0.2 are required.