BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY HAVING A VARIABLE LAY-LENGTH AND ORIENTATION

Abstract

A backflow prevention assembly is configurable with varying lay-lengths and orientations. The assembly includes coupling assemblies and valve bodies that adjust in length and/or rotation to allow for the varying lay-lengths and orientations of the backflow prevention valves and assemblies with and without certification. A coupling assembly is connected to a backflow prevention valve and includes an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve that is slidingly received within the outer sleeve. The lay-length is adjusted by slidably moving the inner and outer sleeves with respect to one another.

Claims

1-32. (canceled)

33. A backflow prevention assembly, comprising: a first shutoff valve; a second shutoff valve; an outer sleeve connected to one of the first and second shutoff valves, the outer sleeve having a first axis; an inner sleeve connected to the other of the first and second shutoff valves, wherein the inner sleeve is coupled to the outer sleeve for rotation with respect to the first axis and for sliding along the first axis such that a rotational orientation and a lay-length of the bald low prevention assembly can be varied and set to a desired rotational orientation and lay-length; and a check valve, connected to the outer sleeve, configured to allow fluid flow in a single direction.

34. The backflow prevention assembly as recited in claim 33, wherein the inner sleeve has an outer diameter sized to fit within the outer sleeve for rotation about the first axis.

35. The backflow prevention assembly as recited in claim 34, wherein the outer sleeve has an inner diameter.

36. The backflow prevention assembly as recited in claim 35, wherein a portion of the inner diameter of the outer sleeve has a narrowed inner diameter that forms a minimum lay-length travel stop.

37. The backflow prevention assembly as recited in claim 33, wherein the backflow prevention assembly retains certification thereof from a qualified certifying agency for any lay-length and rotational orientation of the inner sleeve positioned with respect to the outer sleeve.

38. The backflow prevention assembly as recited in claim 33, further comprising a spring configured to bias the inner and outer sleeves away from one another along a common axis to the sleeves.

39. A backflow prevention assembly for installation into a fluid system, the backflow prevention assembly comprising: a first shutoff valve disposed in proximity to an inlet of the fluid system; a second shutoff valve disposed in proximity to an outlet of the fluid system outlet; a check valve disposed between the first shut off valve and the second shutoff valve; and a coupling assembly disposed between or outside of the first and second shutoff valves, the coupling assembly having: an outer sleeve; and a complimentary inner sleeve coupled to an interior of the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve extendable relative to the outer sleeve.

40. A backflow prevention assembly comprising: a first shutoff valve; an elongated outer sleeve extending along a first axis and connected to the first shutoff valve; an inner sleeve coupled to the elongated outer sleeve for at least one of: rotating with respect to the first axis to selectively vary at least one of a rotational orientation of the backflow prevention assembly; and sliding along the first axis to selectively vary a lay-length of the backflow prevention assembly.

41. The backflow prevention assembly as recited in claim 34, further comprising a second shutoff valve, wherein the inner sleeve is connected to the second shutoff valve.

42. The backflow prevention assembly as recited in claim 34, further comprising a fluid seal between the inner sleeve and the elongated outer sleeve.

43. The backflow prevention assembly as recited in claim 34, further comprising a check valve, connected to the elongated outer sleeve, configured to allow fluid flow in a single direction.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Various aspects of the disclosure are discussed herein with reference to the accompanying Figures. It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the drawings have not necessarily been drawn accurately or to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity or several physical components may be included in one functional block or element. Further, where considered appropriate, reference numerals may be repeated among the drawings to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. For purposes of clarity, however, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. The Figures are provided for the purposes of illustration and explanation and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the disclosure. In the Figures:

[0015] FIG. 1a illustrates a first configuration of an exemplary embodiment of a backflow prevention assembly in accordance with the subject disclosure;

[0016] FIG. 1b illustrates another configuration of the backflow prevention assembly of FIG. 1a;

[0017] FIG. 1c illustrates still another configuration of the backflow prevention assembly of FIG. 1a;

[0018] FIG. 1d′illustrates still another configuration of the backflow prevention assembly of FIG. 1a;

[0019] FIG. 1e is an exploded view of an exemplary embodiment of a backflow prevention valve for use in the assembly shown in FIGS. 1a through 1d;

[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a coupling in accordance with the subject technology for use in the assembly shown in FIGS. 1a through 1 d;

[0021] FIG. 3a illustrates a sectional view of the coupling taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2;

[0022] FIG. 3b illustrates a sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of a coupling in accordance with the subject technology for use in the assembly shown in FIGS. 1a through 1d;

[0023] FIG. 4 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a coupling in accordance with the subject technology for use in the assembly shown in FIGS. 1a through 1d;

[0024] FIG. 5 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of a coupling in accordance with the subject technology for use in the assembly shown in FIGS. 1a through 1d;

[0025] FIG. 6 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of still another exemplary embodiment of a coupling in accordance with the subject technology for use in the assembly shown in FIGS. 1a through 1d;

[0026] FIG. 7 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of backflow prevention assembly in accordance with the subject disclosure;

[0027] FIG. 8 illustrates a further exemplary embodiment of a backflow prevention assembly in accordance with the subject disclosure;

[0028] FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a coupling in accordance with the subject technology for use in the assemblies shown in FIGS. 7 and 8:

[0029] FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of a coupling in accordance with the subject technology for use in the assemblies shown in FIGS. 7 and 8;

[0030] FIG. 11 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of a backflow prevention assembly in accordance with the subject disclosure; and

[0031] FIG. 12 illustrates an additional exemplary embodiment of a backflow prevention assembly in accordance with the subject disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The subject technology overcomes many of the prior art problems associated with backflow prevention assemblies. The advantages, and other features of the technology disclosed herein, will become more readily apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art from the following detailed description of certain exemplary embodiments taken in combination with the drawings and wherein like reference numerals identify similar structural elements. It should be noted that directional indications such as vertical, horizontal, upward, downward, right, left and the like, are used with respect to the figures and not meant in a limiting manner.

[0033] In brief, the subject technology is directed to backflow prevention valves and assemblies that have varying lay-lengths and orientations and may include coupling assemblies and valve bodies that adjust in length and/or rotation to allow the varying lay-lengths and orientations of the backflow prevention valves and assemblies with and without certification.

[0034] Referring now to FIG. 1a, there is shown a backflow prevention assembly 10 in accordance with the subject technology. The backflow prevention assembly 10 is installed in a fluid system 20 (e.g., a water supply for a building mounted at a location in the ground 23). The fluid system 20 includes fluid conduits that carry fluid in a forward direction (e.g., left to right in FIG. 1a) with the backflow prevention assembly 10 preventing flow in the backward direction (e.g., right to left in FIG. 1a). The fluid system 20 will include strainers, meters and other typical components that are not shown in FIG. 1a. The fluid system 20 has pipes 22 that terminate in opposing ends fitted with mounting flanges 24a, 24b. Typically, the distance between the mounting flanges 24a, 24b is fixed so that when installing the backflow prevention assembly 10, a lay-length 18 of the backflow prevention assembly 10 should be matched to the distance between the mounting flanges 24a, 24b. The backflow prevention assembly 10 may be mounted horizontally or vertically as well as in parallel with another component such as even another backflow prevention assembly.

[0035] The backflow prevention assembly 10 can be modular and may include identical or functionally similar components so that some components may be interchanged. The backflow prevention assembly 10 includes an inlet shutoff valve 12a and an outlet shutoff valve 12b. Each shutoff valve 12a, 12b couples to a respective flange 24a, 24b of the fluid system 20. The shutoff valves 12a, 12b may be interchangeable. The backflow prevention assembly 10 also includes two backflow prevention valves 14a, 14b, also referred to as “check valves,” connected to a respective shutoff valve 12a, 12b. The two backflow prevention valves 14a, 14b may be interchangeable.

[0036] An exemplary embodiment of a backflow prevention valve 14x, as known to one of ordinary skill in the art, is shown, in an exploded view, in FIG. 1e. Accordingly, a check valve assembly 50 includes a seat O-ring 52, a seat 54, a disk and spring assembly 56, a cover O-ring 58 and a cover 60. The seat O-ring 52 and the cover O-ring 58 provide a fluid seal.

[0037] Owing to the fact that a backflow prevention assembly is critical for water safety, it is tested, for example, annually, to assure that it is in proper operating condition. Specifically, as is known, fluid pressure measurements are taken at specified locations in the backflow prevention assembly 10. To facilitate these pressure measurements, the backflow prevention assembly 10 includes a number of test cocks 30, each of which includes a ball valve, and which is threadably connected to couple with a fluid path within the backflow prevention assembly 10 via a corresponding test cock port (not shown).

[0038] In a known implementation, four test cocks are located on the backflow prevention assembly 10 in order to allow for temporarily attaching measuring equipment to measure the flow to ensure that the backflow prevention assembly 10 is functioning correctly. Thus, for example, a test cock may be provided to measure the pressure coming into the backflow prevention assembly 10; another test cock measures the pressure just before a first check valve; a third test cock measures the pressure right after the first check valve; and a fourth test cock measures the pressure right after a second check valve.

[0039] While not all test cocks 30 are shown in the Figures, a test cock 30a is shown as provided on the backflow prevention valve 14a and a test cock 30b is provided on the backflow prevention valve 14b. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand where other test cocks are placed in order to provide for a testable backflow prevention assembly 10.

[0040] In the exemplary embodiment of the assembly 10 shown in FIG. 1a, a variable length coupling assembly 100 extends between the two check valves 14a, 14b. The variable length of the coupling assembly 100 allows the overall lay-length 18 of the backflow prevention assembly 10 to be adjusted to match the fixed distance between the mounting flanges 24a, 24b for easy and quick installation. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the coupling assembly 100 also is rotatable about its length to allow for efficient alignment of the components.

[0041] The backflow prevention assembly 10 being modular allows for several varying configurations. In FIG. 1b, for example, the coupling assembly 100 extends between the inlet shutoff valve 12a and the check valve 14a. Similarly, the coupling assembly 100 could be located between the check valve 14b and the outlet shutoff valve 12b. For another example shown in FIG. 1c, the coupling assembly 100 extends from the outlet shutoff valve 12b for connection to the mounting flange 24b to act as an adjustable coupling. Alternatively, the coupling assembly 100 could extend from the inlet shutoff valve 12a for connection to the mounting flange 24a.

[0042] For another example, as shown in FIG. 1d, the coupling assembly 100 can be provided to extend vertically, with respect to the ground 23, between the input and its respective shutoff valve 12a and the output and its respective shutoff valve 12b. In addition, the coupling assembly 100 can be vertically placed between the shutoff valve 12a and the check valve 14a and between the shutoff valve 12b and the check valve 14b. Further, and similar to the configuration in FIG. 1a, the coupling assembly 100 can be placed horizontally between the check valve 14a and the check valve 14b. It should be noted that while two vertically-oriented sections are shown in FIG. 1d with the coupling assemblies 100, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that it is not necessary that both be constructed as such and the claims are not intended to be limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1d.

[0043] An exemplary embodiment of the coupling assembly 100 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3a. The coupling includes first and second ends 102, 104, an outer sleeve 110 extending from the first end 102, and an inner sleeve 120 extending from the second end and slidingly received within the outer sleeve such that a length 140 between the first and the second ends 102, 104 of the coupling assembly 100 can be varied to vary the lay-length 18 of the backflow prevention assembly 10 of FIGS. 1a through 1d. The outer sleeve 110 has an open distal end 112 receiving an open distal end 122 of the inner sleeve. A fluid seal 130 is positioned between the inner sleeve 120 and the outer sleeve 110 to provide a fluid-tight seal between the sleeves, yet allow sliding movement between sleeves. The fluid seal may comprise, for example, an O-ring 130. As discussed below, the present disclosure also includes the addition of one or more springs, or another type of biasing feature, in the coupling assembly 100 to cause the sleeves to be biased, or urged, away from one another along their common axis.

[0044] As shown in FIG. 3a, the sleeves 110, 120 have circular cross-sections so that the sleeves can rotate with respect to each other about a longitudinal axis 150 of the coupling assembly 100. In alternative embodiments, the sleeves may have non-circular cross-sections to prevent rotation with respect to one another. For example, in FIG. 3b the coupling assembly 100 is shown with an outer sleeve 110a and an inner sleeve 120a each having an oval-shaped cross-section that prevent rotation with respect to each other.

[0045] In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 2 through 3b, the ends 102, 104 of the coupling assembly 100 comprise flanges for connection to the other components of the backflow prevention assembly 10 and/or the mounting flanges 24a, 24b of the fluid system 20. It should be noted, however, that the ends could take other forms to facilitate connection of the coupling assembly 100 to the backflow prevention assembly 10 and/or the fluid system 20. In addition, it should be understood that one or both of the ends 102, 104 of the coupling assembly 100 could be unitarily formed with the check valves 14a, 14b and/or the shutoff valves 12a, 12b. For example, the first end 102 and the outer sleeve 110 could be unitarily formed with the check valve 14a, and the second end 104 and the inner sleeve 120 could be unitarily formed with the check valve 14b.

[0046] Referring now to FIG. 4, a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a coupling assembly 100a in accordance with the subject technology is shown. The coupling assembly 100a is similar to the coupling assembly 100 of FIGS. 2 and 3a, but includes a snap ring 160 received in a radially inwardly facing groove 114 of the outer sleeve 110. The inner sleeve 120 includes a flange 124 at its distal end 122 that, in combination with the snap ring 160, holds the inner sleeve 120 within the outer sleeve 110. As discussed below, the present disclosure also includes the addition of one or more springs, or another type of biasing feature, in the coupling assembly 100a to cause the sleeves to be, or urged, away from one another along their common axis.

[0047] Referring now to FIG. 5, a partial cross-sectional view of another coupling assembly 100b in accordance with the subject technology is shown. The coupling assembly 100b is similar to the coupling assembly 100 of FIGS. 2 and 3a, but includes a groove 211 in the flange 102 for receiving an O-ring 213 to provide a fluid tight seal to the flange 1102. The coupling flange 102 and fluid system flange 24a may be tightly held together by one or more retaining clips 215 that snap onto the flanges 24a, 102. The inner sleeve 120 includes two radially outwardly facing annular channels 217 for retaining respective O-rings 219 to insure fluid tight sealing between the sleeves 120, 110. In this embodiment of the coupling assembly 100b, the sleeves 120, 110 are rotatable and slidable but a retention feature is not needed because the backflow prevention assembly 100 maximum installed length will not allow for the sleeves 120, 110 to be disengaged from one another. In an alternate approach, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, a clamp ring can be used in place of the retaining clip 215.

[0048] Referring now to FIG. 6, a partial cross-sectional view of another coupling assembly 100c in accordance with the subject technology is shown. The coupling assembly 100c is similar to the coupling assembly 100 of FIGS. 2 and 3a, but the outer sleeve 110 includes a narrowed inner diameter that forms a minimum lay-length travel stop 321 for the inner sleeve 120. The flange 102 of the coupling assembly 100c is secured to the flange 24b using a threaded union nut 323.

[0049] Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 8, additional embodiments of certified backflow prevention assemblies 40a, 40b, are shown, each having one or more variable length and/or rotatable coupling assembly 500 in accordance with the subject disclosure. Each coupling assembly 500 of FIGS. 7 and 8 is generally similar to the coupling assembly 100 of FIGS. 1a through 1d. Each of the backflow assemblies 40a, 40b includes a backflow prevention valve 44, a first shut-off valve 42a, and a second shut-off valve 42b. As can be seen from FIG. 8, an overall height 49 of the backflow prevention assembly 40b can be changed by adjusting the length of the coupling assemblies 500a, 500d. A lay-length 48 of the assembly can be changed by adjusting the length of one or both of the coupling assemblies 500b, 500c. In addition, the orientation of the assembly 40b can be varied such that the shut-off valves 42a, 44b point in different directions by rotating one or both of the coupling assemblies 500b, 500c. For example, as shown in FIG. 8 both shut-off valves 42a, 44b point downward. However, the coupling assembly 500c could be rotated so that the second shut-off valve 44b points upward.

[0050] In addition, similar to the backflow prevention assembly 10 of FIGS. 1a-1d, a number of test cocks 30-1-30-4 are provided in order to measure the operating condition of the backflow prevention assemblies 40a, 40b.

[0051] Referring now to FIG. 9, a partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a coupling assembly 500 in accordance with the subject technology is shown. The coupling assembly 500 is similar to the coupling assembly 100 of FIGS. 2 and 3a, and similar elements are indicated with like reference numbers in the “500” series instead of the “100” series. The coupling assembly 500 incorporates a press fitting seal ring 511 in an outer sleeve 510 that retains an O-ring 530. In one approach, the coupling assembly 500 is installed without crimping the seal ring 511. The O-ring 530 still will provide a fluid tight seal, but the sleeves 510, 520 will be allowed to slide and rotate and a length 540 will remain variable so that subsequent expansion and contraction is possible post-installation.

[0052] Alternatively, the press fitting seal ring 511 can be crimped to fix the length 540 (and rotation) of the coupling assembly 500. In the exemplary embodiment shown, a second end 504 of the coupling assembly 500 is secured to the shut-off valve 42a with solder 560, and the first end 502 of the coupling assembly 500 includes a threaded union nut 562 for connecting the coupling assembly 500 to the backflow prevention valve 44.

[0053] Referring now to FIG. 10, a cross-sectional view of another exemplary embodiment of a coupling assembly 600 in accordance with the subject technology is shown. The coupling assembly 600 is similar to the coupling assembly 100 of FIGS. 2 and 3a, and similar elements are indicated with like reference numbers in the “600” series instead of the “100” series. The coupling assembly 600 incorporates a quick connect fitting for coupling sleeves 610, 620 together.

[0054] In one approach, the quick connect fitting is a push-to-connect fitting 670 so that soldering, crimping or joining materials are not required. The push-to-connect fitting 670 includes a collet 672, a cap 674, an O-ring guide 676, and a clip 678 for locking the fitting. For assembly, it is only required to push the inner sleeve 620 into the outer sleeve 610. Removing the clip 678 and pushing in the collet 672 allows the sleeve 620 to be removed. Examples of push-to-connect fittings and press fittings that can be incorporated into the subject technology can be found at www.watts.com.

[0055] Referring now to FIG. 11, another exemplary embodiment of a backflow prevention assembly 1010 is shown. The assembly 1010 includes a backflow prevention valve 1100 having an inner sleeve 1120 containing a first check valve 1500 and a second check valve 1600. The inner sleeve 1120 is slidingly received within an outer sleeve 1110 such that a lay-length 1140 of the assembly 1010 can be varied. O-rings 1130 provide a seal between the sleeves 1110, 1120 yet allow the inner sleeve 1120 to slide within the outer sleeve 1110. The sleeves 1110, 1120 may be provided with circular cross-sections so that the sleeves 1110, 1120 can rotate with respect to each other about a longitudinal axis 1150 of the assembly 1010. In alternative embodiments, the sleeves may have non-circular cross-sections to prevent such relative rotation.

[0056] The valve 1100 can include a feature for biasing the sleeves 1110, 1120 away from one another along the longitudinal axis 1150. In the exemplary embodiment, the biasing feature includes compression springs 1108 (shown schematically) positioned between the sleeves 1110, 1120. This springs 1108 may be separate from both of the sleeves 1110, 1120 or one end of a spring may be attached to one or the other of the sleeves 1110, 1120.

[0057] While a coil, or helical, spring 1108 is shown, other components or structures that store mechanical energy can be used, for example, but not limited to, a leaf spring or a cantilever spring. Further, the biasing feature may have a constant force, i.e., a forceful resistance that remains the same during a deflection cycle or a variable force, i.e., a force or resistance that varies as it is compressed.

[0058] In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the backflow prevention assembly 1010 includes a first coupling sleeve 1200 slidingly receiving a first end 1102 of the valve 1100 and a second coupling sleeve 1300 slidingly receiving a second end 1104 of the valve 1100. The coupling sleeves 1200, 1300 allow the lay-length 1140 the backflow prevention assembly 1010 to be further expanded. The sleeves 1110, 1120, 1200, 1300 may be provided with circular cross-sections so that the sleeves can rotate with respect to each other about the longitudinal axis 1150 of the backflow prevention assembly 1010. In alternative embodiments, one or more of the sleeves 1110, 1120, 1200, 1300 may have non-circular cross-sections to prevent such relative rotation.

[0059] Although not shown, the backflow prevention assembly 1010 may further include a feature for fixing, or locking, one or more of the sleeves 1110, 1120, 1200, 1300 in position after installation of the backflow prevention assembly 1010 in a fluid system. For example, the backflow prevention assembly 1010 could include bolts for securing the first coupling sleeve 1200 to the outer sleeve 1110 to prevent sliding or rotation between the sleeves 1200, 1110 after installation of the backflow prevention assembly 1010.

[0060] In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the backflow prevention assembly 1010 includes test cock valves 1400 (shown schematically). The test cock valves 1400 are for use to facilitate testing of the backflow prevention assembly 1010. During testing procedures, pressure gauges (not shown) are connected to the test cock valves 1300 and the test cock valves are opened. Backflow assemblies with test cock valves are currently designated as “testable.”

[0061] Another exemplary embodiment of a backflow prevention assembly is shown in FIG. 12. The backflow prevention assembly 2000 is a variation of the assembly 1010 and has the same arrangements of components as the assembly 1010 except for the feature for biasing the sleeves 1110, 1120 away from one another along the longitudinal axis 1150. Instead of two springs 1108, the assembly 2000 includes a single spring 2108 that is sized to slidably fit within the outer sleeve 1110 to exert a force against the inner sleeve 1120 such that a lay-length 1140 of the assembly 2000 can be varied. Alternatively, the single spring 2108 can be replaced by two or more springs as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The assembly 2000 otherwise operates in the same manner as the assembly 1010.

[0062] The variable lay-length 1140 of the backflow prevention assembly 1010 expedites service (especially for those backflow assemblies currently designated as “testable”) or replacement operations (especially for those backflow assemblies currently designated as “untestable”). By locking the backflow prevention assembly 1010 in an expanded position after installation (larger than that of the open pipe section, but less than that which would restrict movement at one or both ends of the assembly 1010) the backflow prevention assembly 1010 is allowed to float, or vary by length, along the longitudinal axis 1150 and between the fixed ends of a fluid system. If the sleeves 1110, 1120, 1200, 1300 include circular cross-sections, the backflow prevention assembly 1010 or parts thereof may be allowed to be rotated about the longitudinal axis 1150 between the fixed ends of a fluid system.

[0063] To perform service or replacement, one need only to push the two central sleeves 1110, 1120 together against the force of the springs 1108, allowing the valve 1100 to be removed from the coupling sleeves 1200, 1300. Once removed, the sleeves 1110, 11120 can be disassembled and the check valves 1500, 1600 removed for inspection, repair or replacement as desired. Reversing the removal steps returns the backflow prevention assembly 1010 to normal operating conditions.

[0064] In another aspect of the present disclosure, any of the foregoing assemblies can include a reduced pressure zone assembly, for example, the Series 880V MasterSeries Configurable Design Reduced Pressure Zone Assembly from Watts, provided between the check valves.

[0065] Backflow prevention valves and assemblies need to be certified by a qualified certifying agency in order to comply with various regulations. Such certifying agencies can include the Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research (FCCCHR), American Society of Sanitary Engineers (ASSE), The American Water Works Association (AVVWA), The International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and Canadian Standards Association (GSA) International, for example. The backflow prevention assemblies disclosed herein can be certified from shut-off valve to shut-off valve from the place of manufacture before they are installed in replacement sites. The certifications allow the lay-length and orientation of the assemblies to be varied by installers in the field such that the assemblies can be installed in replacement of existing assemblies that may have had a different lay-length.

[0066] The subject components may be fabricated from any suitable material or combination of materials such as lightweight stainless steel, epoxy coated carbon steel, zinc plated carbon steel, copper, copper alloys, suitable plastics and composites, and the like.

[0067] It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the pertinent art that the functions of several elements may, in alternative embodiments, be carried out by fewer elements, or a single element. Similarly, in some embodiments, any functional element may perform fewer, or different, operations than those described with respect to the illustrated embodiment. Also, functional elements (e.g., check valves, shut-off valves, and the like) shown as distinct for purposes of illustration may be incorporated within other functional elements in a particular implementation.

[0068] While the subject technology has been described with respect to various embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various changes and/or modifications can be made to the subject technology without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.