METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WINDING HEAD SUPPORT, AND WINDING HEAD SUPPORT

Abstract

A method for producing a winding head support for a rotor of a rotating electric machine. To enable the production of even particularly large winding head supports in a simultaneously simple manner, it is provided that the winding head support is formed using an additive manufacturing process, in particular by wire arc buildup welding. Embodiments also relate to a winding head support.

Claims

1. A method for producing a winding head support for a rotor of a rotating electric machine, wherein the winding head support comprises one or more rings with an inner diameter of more than 4 m and is formed using an additive manufacturing process, in particular by wire arc buildup welding, wherein the winding head support is formed with a buildup welding of multiple layers of a metal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the winding head support comprises a ring.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein an austenitic structure is formed by the additive manufacturing process.

4. (canceled)

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the winding head support is formed with an application of a material to a carrier element that moves, in particular rotates about a rotation axis.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the winding head support is formed in that multiple layers are arranged on top of one another, which layers are connected in a materially bonded manner.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein a layer is formed in that an inner boundary and an outer boundary of the layer are first formed, whereupon a space between the inner boundary and the outer boundary is filled with material.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the winding head support is formed with the use of a shielding gas in order to prevent oxide layers in the winding head support.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the winding head support is formed using a steel which has a chromium equivalent of 6% to 32%, preferably 10% to 28%, in particular 18% to 24%.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the winding head support is formed using a steel which has a nickel equivalent of 10% to 40%, preferably 16% to 32%, in particular 24% to 29%.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the production takes place with a cooling of an already-formed portion of the winding head support.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the cooling takes place by applying a fluid, in particular air, CO.sub.2, or water, to an already-formed portion of the winding head support and/or a body thermally bonded to the winding head support, wherein the fluid has a lower temperature than the formed portion of the winding head support.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the winding head support is arranged on a platform during production, wherein the platform is cooled, in particular using a fluid, preferably water.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein, after the additive manufacturing process is carried out, a formed portion of the winding head support is heat-treated, wherein a heat treatment includes in particular a solution annealing, a quenching, and/or a stress relief annealing.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein, after the additive manufacturing process is carried out, a formed portion of the winding head support is subjected to a machining process.

16. A winding head support for a rotor of an electric machine, wherein the winding head support is formed by an additive manufacturing process according to claim 1 and comprises one or more rings with an inner diameter of more than 4 m.

17. (canceled)

18. The winding head support according to claim 16, wherein the at least one ring has an inner diameter of more than 6 m.

19. An electric machine with a stator and a rotor, with the rotor comprising on an end side at least one winding head, wherein a winding head support is provided in order to absorb centrifugal forces occurring during operation, wherein the winding head support is embodied according to claim 16.

Description

[0039] Additional features, advantages, and effects of the invention follow from the exemplary embodiments described below. In the drawings which are thereby referenced:

[0040] FIG. 1 shows an electric machine embodied as an asynchronous machine;

[0041] FIG. 2 shows an apparatus for producing a winding head support;

[0042] FIGS. 3 through 6 show additional apparatuses for producing a winding head support;

[0043] FIGS. 7 and 8 show cross-sectional illustrations of a detailed view of a winding head support.

[0044] FIG. 1 shows a rotor 1 of an electric machine embodied here as an asynchronous machine, which electric machine can be used as a motor or generator in a hydroelectric power plant. The rotor 1 comprises a rotor shaft and a rotor lamination stack 3 in which a rotor winding is arranged. The rotor winding protrudes out of the rotor lamination stack 3 at an end side, whereby winding heads are formed. In order to support the winding heads against centrifugal forces which occur during operation as a result of a rotation of the rotor about a rotor axis 4, winding head supports embodied to be ring-shaped are provided. The winding head supports can comprise an outer ring and an inner ring, wherein in FIG. 1 only the outer rings 2 are visible. A basic construction of a winding head support with an outer ring 2 and an inner ring is known from the document AT 508 622 A1, for example.

[0045] According to the invention, the winding head support, or the inner ring and/or the outer ring 2 of a corresponding winding head support, is no longer formed by forging, rolling, and possibly strain hardening, as is known from the prior art, but is rather produced using an additive manufacturing process.

[0046] FIG. 2 shows an apparatus 7 for carrying out a method according to the invention, wherein a ring-shaped winding head support is formed by wire arc buildup welding by means of a schematically illustrated welding device 8. The apparatus 7 comprises a platform S which can be rotated about a rotation axis 12 by means of a drive that is not illustrated, on which platform 5 a carrier element 6 is detachably arranged in order to form the ring-shaped winding head support, which can be used, for example, as an outer ring 2 of an electric machine illustrated in FIG. 1, on the carrier element 6 by applying multiple welds along a circumferential direction. The carrier element 6 can likewise have been produced in such a method, or can be composed of a different material that can merely be bonded to the welding deposit being applied. In the latter case, it can be provided that the carrier element 6 is separated from the winding head support after completion of the winding head support.

[0047] Because the platform 5 is rotated about the rotation axis 12, it is sufficient if the welding device 8 is only moved so far in an axial direction and in a radial direction relative to the rotation axis 12 as is necessary to form a radial and axial extension of the winding head support. Thus, due to the rotation of the platform 5 together with the carrier element 6 about the rotation axis 12, a movement of the welding device 8 in a circumferential direction about the rotation axis 12 is not necessary, which is why, with an apparatus 7 of this type, even rings 14 with a very large inner diameter of more than 6 m, for example, can easily be formed with only slight movements of the welding device 8. An apparatus 7 of this type is simply constructed and, in principle, can thus be set up even in a location at which the electric machine is to be used. As a result, the production of a winding head support on-site is also possible, whereby limitations on a maximum size of the winding head support caused by a transport distance are also no longer relevant.

[0048] Preferably, a steel having a chromium equivalent of 16% to 24% and a nickel equivalent of 22% to 29% is used as wire with which the winding head support is typically formed in a wire arc buildup welding process, in order to obtain a winding head support with an austenitic structure. Alternatively, a different austenitic steel, in particular an austenitic Mn steel or an austenitic Mn—N steel, can also be used. A steel of this type exhibits a high strength and, at the same time, magnetically beneficially properties for a winding head of an electric machine. Because a material of this type also exhibits a high hot-cracking tendency, it is preferably provided that the winding head support is cooled during the formation of the same.

[0049] For this purpose, a cooling can take place using a fluid, in particular air, CO.sub.2, or water or steam, which fluid is applied to an already-formed portion of the winding head support or of a formed ring 14 of the winding head support in order to cool said portion by means of convection. To enable a dissipation of heat from the ring 14 in a simple manner, a housing 9 partially covering the ring 14 can be provided, as is illustrated in FIG. 3.

[0050] Furthermore, it can also be provided that a region in which the production of the ring 14 takes place is kept at constant low temperature by means of a heat exchanger. In this case, it is preferably provided that the production of the winding head support occurs in a closed housing 9. This is schematically illustrated in FIG. 4. As can be seen there, connections for the heat exchanger arranged within the ring protrude out of the housing 9, namely a flow 10 and a return 11 for a medium that is to be conveyed, for example water, through the heat exchanger, which is arranged in the housing and is not illustrated here.

[0051] Alternatively or additionally, it can also be provided that the apparatus 7 with which production occurs is cooled. For example, the platform 5 on which the ring 14 is formed can be cooled using a liquid such as water, for example. This is illustrated by way of example in FIG. 5, wherein the platform 5 is surrounded by a water bath 13. Here, a flow 10 and a return 11 are also provided again, in order to be able to continuously supply the water bath 13 with cool water and conduct heated water out of the water bath 13.

[0052] Of course, it is also possible that cooling lines 18 are provided in the platform 5 itself in order to cool the platform 5, and thus also the winding head support that is formed by way of example in this case by a ring 14 and is arranged on the platform 5. This is schematically illustrated in FIG. 6. Here, too, a flow 10 and a return 11 are provided in order to be able to ensure a flow through the cooling lines 18.

[0053] In FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, an inner diameter 19 of a correspondingly fabricated ring 14 of a winding head support is also visible, which inner diameter 19 can also easily be more than 6 m in a ring 14 produced according to the invention due to the independence of the production process from forging apparatuses or transport options.

[0054] FIG. 7 shows a detailed view of a section through a ring 14 of a winding head support for an asynchronous motor, which ring 14 is arranged on a carrier element 6 and embodied according to the invention, wherein welds W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, W6, W7, W8, W9, W10, W11, W12, W13, W14 of a layer 17 of the ring 14 are also illustrated. A winding head support embodied according to the invention typically comprises multiple layers 17, wherein in FIG. 7 only a bottommost layer 17 is illustrated, which layer 17 is arranged on a carrier element 6. Each layer 17 comprises an inner boundary 15 and an outer boundary 16, between which additional welds W7, W8, W9, W10, W11, W12. W13, W14 are arranged, and in this case extends over an entire cross-section of the ring 14 perpendicular to the rotation axis 12.

[0055] During production of the layer 17 of the ring 14 illustrated in FIG. 7, the three inner welds W1, W2, W3 are first formed, which constitute the inner boundary 15 of the bottommost layer 17, after which the three outer welds W4, W5, W6 are formed, which constitute the outer boundary 16 of the layer 17. It is understood that, during production of the ring 14 using an apparatus 7 according to FIG. 1, the outer boundary 16 has a greater distance from the rotation axis 12 than the inner boundary 15. Once the inner boundary 15 and the outer boundary 16 have been formed, a remaining space between the inner boundary 15 and the outer boundary 16 is then filled in with the bottommost welds W7, W8, W9, W10, wherein a lower outer weld W7 is first applied adjacent to the outer boundary 16, after which an additional lower weld W8 is applied adjacent to the lower outer weld W7, after which a lower inner weld W9 is applied adjacent to the inner boundary 16, after which a final lower weld W10 is applied between the lower inner weld W9 and the additional lower weld W8.

[0056] Upper welds W11, W12, W13, W14 are subsequently arranged on the lower welds W7, W8, W9, W10, wherein starting at the inner boundary 15 the upper inner weld W11 is first applied and then the additional upper inner weld W12, after which additional welds W13 and W14 are applied starting from the outer boundary 16, in order to till in a space between the outer boundary 16 and the inner boundary 15.

[0057] In a corresponding sequence, additional layers 17 are then formed on the bottommost layer 17 illustrated in FIG. 7. FIG. 8 shows a section through a ring 14 formed in this manner, wherein a sequence in which the individual welds W1 through W110 have been applied can be seen based on the ascending denotation of the individual welds W1 through W110.

[0058] Because of beneficial temperatures during production, a corresponding sequence leads to a particularly stable, non-porous, and blowhole-free construction of a corresponding ring 14, even though a different sequence in which the welds W1 through W110 are applied is, of course, also possible in principle.

[0059] To avoid oxide layers, which would be disadvantageous for a strength of the winding head support, the application of the welds typically takes place under a shielding gas.

[0060] With a winding head embodied according to the invention, generators and electric machines with a very large rotor diameter can also be formed independently of existing production capacities in terms of available forges and/or rolling mills, even outside of conventional production plants or on-site.