STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD

Abstract

A two-way structural system for construction, comprising a base part (1) with a plurality of longitudinal channels (1.1) and a plurality of transverse channels (1.2) that are evenly 5 distributed, a stiffening part (2) with a plurality of holes (2.3) along the sheets (2.1, 2.2); wherein both parts (1 and 2) are made of FRP material, and wherein the stiffening part (2), in an operational position, is connected by resting on the base part (1) and fitting into the corresponding channels (1.1, 1.2), defining a cavity in the channels (1.1, 1.2) between both parts (1, 2) to be filled with fibre-reinforced concrete, the assembly forming an integral structure once the concrete has set, and both parts (1.1, 1.2) being configured as a self-supporting structure against the pouring of the concrete. A building method for constructing bridges, tunnels and underground works, with the two-way structural system.

Claims

1. A two-way structural system for construction, comprising: a panel-shaped base part (1) with a plurality of longitudinal channels (1.1) and a plurality of transverse channels (1.2) that are evenly distributed; a stiffening part (2) with a plurality of longitudinal sheets (2.1) and a plurality of transverse sheets (2.2) that are evenly distributed and joined together in the form of cross bars, and with a plurality of holes (2.3) distributed along the sheets (2.1, 2.2); wherein both the panel-shaped base part and the stiffening part (1 and 2) are made of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) material, and wherein the stiffening part (2), in an operational position, is connected by resting on the panel-shaped base part (1) and fitting into the corresponding plurality of longitudinal and transverse channels (1.1, 1.2), defining a cavity in the plurality of longitudinal and transverse channels (1.1, 1.2) between both the panel-shaped base part and the stiffening part (1, 2) to be filled with fibre-reinforced concrete through the plurality of holes (2.3), forming a monolithic assembly once the concrete has set, and both the panel-shaped base part and the stiffening part (1.1, 1.2) are configured to form a self-supporting structure that is reinforced and becomes stiffer when a subsequently poured concrete is set.

2. The structural system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of longitudinal channels (1.1, 1.2) of the base part (1) are V-shaped and have a cross-section in an upper part thereof configured to fit the stiffening part (2) with pins (2.4) having complementary geometry of the sheets (2.1, 2.2) of said stiffening part (2).

3. The structural system according to claim 1, wherein the stiffening part (2) and the panel-shaped base part (1) are connected by means of mechanical and/or adhesive fastening means.

4. The structural system according to claim 1, wherein the panel-shaped base part (1) and/or the stiffening part (2) is manufactured by moulding as a monolithic part.

5. The structural system according to claim 1, wherein the panel-shaped base part (1) and the stiffening part (2) are manufactured in one piece.

6. The structural system according to claim 1, wherein the holes (2.3) of the stiffening part (2) are rounded, preferably circumferences.

7. The structural system according to claim 1, wherein the base part (1) comprises clip-on anchoring means (3) for fastening between side ends of the panel-shaped base part (1) and side ends of an adjacent base part (1).

8. The structural system according to claim 1, comprising fastening means (4) for joining the stiffening part (2) to an adjacent stiffening part (2) such that said fastening means (4) are fastened in the holes (2.3) in both the stiffening part and the adjacent stiffening part (2, 2), and/or comprising fastening braces (5) that can be fastened between both adjacent stiffening parts (2, 2) which are fastened in corresponding holes (2.3).

9. The structural system according to claim 1, wherein the panel-shaped base part and the stiffening part (1, 2) have a configuration with a predefined shape depending on the construction for which they are intended.

10. The structural system according to claim 1, comprising a primer or roughness on the base part (1) for better adhesion of concrete.

11. The structural system according to claim 1, comprising moulds for the manufacture of the base part (1).

12. A building method comprising: arranging an enclosure as a foundation mould comprising an inner part in FRP (6.1), and a central prismatic element (6.4) for connecting a pillar (7) of the building to be built, and filling with fibre-reinforced concrete (6.3) to form each of the foundation elements (6), constructing a slab according to the following steps: arranging a capital (11) on pillars made of FRP with openings at the bottom thereof in the connection area with the pillars (7) for the passage of concrete, and then proceeding with the joint concreting of the girder (8) and pillar (7) with fibre-reinforced concrete, placing the two-way structural system in the form of a plate (8 and 10) between capitals and covering the entire surface according to claim 1, and after fastening perimeter closing slab girders (9) to the plates, pouring fibre-reinforced concrete to form the final slab, repeating the slab construction process according to the number of floors in the building.

13. A method for constructing bridges, comprising arranging the structural system according to claim 9, with flat modules (13) and/or curved modules (12) suitable for the shape of the bridge (14) to be built, and joining said modules (12, 13) with fastening means (4) and anchoring means (3) and/or fastening braces (5), so that a main flat module (13.1) of the structural system is joined at the starting points of curvature of the bridge (14), placing the necessary additional reinforcements and subsequently pouring the fibre concrete until it sets, forming the integral assembly of a bridge (14).

14. A method for constructing tunnels and underground works, comprising arranging the structural system according to claim 9, with modules (18) having a geometry of constant curvature, variable curvature or a polygonal succession which, after connection thereof by fastening means (3) and anchoring means (5), form a geometric configuration of variable curvature or polygonal sequence, placing the necessary additional reinforcements and subsequently pouring the fibre concrete until it sets, forming the integral assembly of a tunnel (15) or underground work.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] FIG. 1 shows a top view of a base part (1) of the structural system of the invention, joined at each end to a base part (12) having a capital, for forming a slab.

[0050] FIG. 2 shows a top view of a stiffening part (2) of the structural system of the invention, joined at each end to a stiffening part (13) having a capital, for forming a slab.

[0051] FIG. 3 shows a top view of fastening means for fastening a stiffening part to an adjacent stiffening part.

[0052] FIG. 4 shows a profile view of the fastening means of FIG. 3.

[0053] FIG. 5 shows a top view of a structural system of the invention for forming a slab.

[0054] FIG. 6 shows a detail view of the fastening of the anchoring means between two adjacent base parts, and the fastening means of FIG. 3 between two adjacent stiffening parts.

[0055] FIG. 7 shows a sectional profile view of the structural system of FIG. 6.

[0056] FIG. 8 shows an isometric view with cross section of a practical example of a foundation of the structural system of the invention.

[0057] FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of a practical example of a building with the structural system of the invention.

[0058] FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of the structural system of the invention for an embodiment of the shape of a bridge.

[0059] FIG. 11 shows an isometric view of the bridge of FIG. 10 assembled before pouring the fibre concrete.

[0060] FIG. 12 shows an isometric view of the assembly of the structural system of the invention for an exemplary embodiment in the shape of a tunnel.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0061] In light of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the adopted numbering, one may observe therein a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below.

[0062] FIG. 1 shows a base part (1), in this case for modular construction, i.e., forming different plates of the structural system for the construction. At its side ends, said base part (1) comprises anchoring means (3) for retention, which can be better viewed in FIG. 6, and which determine its connection to adjacent base parts, in this case for its connection to a capital base part (11.1). These parts (1, 11.1) are prefabricated and transported to the site, being easy to handle for installation. Nevertheless, it is envisaged that there may be a prefabricated mould with pre-determined dimensions, so that the base part (1) can be formed by moulding FRP on site, for example, for refurbishment work. In this case, the mould may have acoustic insulation, thermal insulation and/or fire resistance properties, so that the mould is arranged in such a way that it is integral with the assembly. This base part (1) comprises a plurality of longitudinal channels (1.1) and a plurality of transverse channels (1.2) that form a framework which will define the two-way quality of the slab once the concrete placed in said channels has set.

[0063] FIG. 2 shows a stiffening part (2), with dimensioning corresponding to the base part (1), and a capital stiffening part (11.2), which are joined by fastening means (4). This stiffening part (2) comprises a plurality of longitudinal and transverse sheets (2.1, 2.2) with a cross bar-shaped configuration corresponding to the channels (1.1, 1.2) of the base part (1). Said sheets (2.1, 2.2) have a distribution of holes (2.3) for pouring concrete.

[0064] FIG. 3 shows said fastening means (4) in the form of a connecting clip, where its clip-on configuration is shown in FIG. 4 in a profile section, for fastening in the holes (2.3) and for fastening the stiffening part (2) to an adjacent one, in the practical case of FIG. 2 for fastening to a capital stiffening part (11.2). The clip fastening is achieved by means of the fastening pins (4.1) that are inserted and fastened in the holes (2.3) and therefore have a corresponding geometry.

[0065] Thus, as can be seen in the detail of FIG. 6, the fastening means (4) and/or the anchoring means (3) are used to join parts of modules of the structural system of the invention. This figure shows how the anchoring means (3) are in the form of a fastening step with a retaining clip on the lower part of the base part (1), corresponding to a complementary step of the capital base part (11.1). This section shows the geometry of the V-shaped cross-section of the base part (1), and how the stiffening part (2) has fitting pins (2.4) corresponding to the straight upper cross-section of the base part (1). These fitting pins (2.4) perform the function of shear transfer between channel crossings (1.1, 1.2) of the two-way parts. Complementing said fit are the fastening means (4) which, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, have the shape of a connecting clip with clip-on fastening fittings in the holes (2.3) in the stiffening part (2), thus achieving strong fastening before concreting which ensures the continuity of the structure for the distribution of forces.

[0066] FIG. 5 shows a practical example of the structural system of the invention for a practical embodiment of a slab, wherein the joining of different modules can be seen, with parts (1, 2) for long spans and reduced spans.

[0067] The geometry of the system is governed by the usual relationships in two-way slabs. As a practical example, the depth-to-span ratio is greater than 1/22.5. The width of the ribs is greater than one quarter of the depth of the arranged FRP, which depends on the depth of the in-situ compression slab (concrete on FRP). The compression slab has values from around 50 to 70 mm depending on the structural requirements. The distance between ribs is determined by the thickness of the compression slab which thickness will be 1/10 of the calculation span between ribs, and this is the result of subtracting the width of a rib and a depth of the compression slab on each side of the free span between rib axes.

[0068] For example, for a slab with 10 m spacing between pillars (7), the total depth is 455 mm with 400 mm of FRP and 55 mm of compression slab. The ribs have a bottom width of 100 mm and a top width of 150 mm spaced 800 mm apart. The thickness of the FRP is a function of the stresses to be supported by the slab. The amount of concrete is around 0.15 m.sup.3/m.sup.2, less than the current 0.19 to 0.24 m.sup.3/m.sup.2. The deformations of the system require a counter deflection of approximately 20 mm in the FRP to comply with the regulatory requirements for all the most common load cases. The creep of the structure is taken into account in the verification.

[0069] Thus, depending on the requirements of the building, a module distribution suited to the corresponding dimensioning is designed, which, as can be seen in the practical example in FIG. 5, comprises two side long modules, an upper long module, a lower long module, and another central long module, with smaller connecting modules, and with capital modules corresponding to the pillars. Once all the modules with their base parts (1) and the stiffening parts (2) have been placed, and once the joint between them has been secured with the joining elements, the fibre concrete is poured, forming a final monolithic slab assembly, as shown in FIG. 5.

[0070] FIG. 7 shows a cross-section of the structural slab system assembly once the concrete has set. This shows how the capital modules (11) are joined to the pillar (7), and how the concrete forms a two-way structure by filling the channels (1.1, 1.2) and adding an upper compression layer of concrete according to the requirements of the construction, forming an integral assembly.

[0071] According to a building method, the foundation elements (6) are first built. As can be seen in FIG. 8, said foundation element (6) rests directly on a base prepared and levelled by means of clean concrete or similar. To form said foundation (6), a container made of FRP is provided as a basin (6.1). As can be seen, in the central portion there is a central prismatic element (6.4) that will be used for the future insertion of the pillar (7) which will support the first floor of the building to be built. The element (6.1) has a series of openings (6.2) to allow the passage of the concrete subsequently poured. If necessary, reinforcing bars are provided for reinforcement. Once the additional reinforcement is in place, if necessary, filling with fibre concrete (6.3) is carried out. These fibres can make additional reinforcement unnecessary in certain load situations.

[0072] Once the foundation is formed, the pillars are connected, after gluing the perimeter of the central prismatic element (6.4), and then the slab is built in connection with the pillars (7). To construct the slab, a capital (11) is placed on pillars (7) made of FRP with openings at the bottom thereof in the connection area with the pillars (7) for the passage of concrete, and the joint concreting of the capital (11) and pillar (7) with fibre-reinforced concrete is carried out. Once the pillars (7) and capital (11) have been formed, a two-way slab is built according to the structural system of the invention, defining a configuration as shown in FIG. 6. As can be seen in FIG. 9, once all the parts (8, 10) and the corresponding necessary additional structural reinforcements have been fastened, perimeter closing girders (9) are placed, and the fibre-reinforced concrete is poured to form the final slab. This process will be repeated for each of the floors in the building.

[0073] FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, for forming a bridge (14). As can be seen in this figure, there are base parts (1) and stiffening parts (2) with a predefined curved configuration based on the design requirements and forming curved modules (12), with a curved U-shaped reinforcement part that will be joined by the fastening means (4) to the elements of the previously built section. The overhangs of the future section (13.2) are anchored in the same way to the previously built structure. The central plate (13.1) is then positioned and joined to the respective end flat plates (13.2) of the previous formed element by the aforementioned fastening means (4). Once all the modules (13.1, 13.2, 12) have been joined together as shown in FIG. 11, fastening braces (5) are included at the most critical joints to support the stresses during concreting, as well as in the final situation. Given the channel configuration, it is possible to add any additional reinforcement required, either active or passive of any kind. Once the fibre concrete has set, the structure of the bridge (14) is formed. It is envisaged that bridges with spans of up to 20 m or 40 m can be made without the need for curved modules (12).

[0074] According to an alternative embodiment, as can be seen in FIG. 12, the structural system of the invention can be used in the construction of tunnels and underground works, joining base parts (1) and stiffening parts (2) with a curved shape and having a constant or variable curvature or polygonal succession, according to the geometric needs of the design of the tunnel or underground work to be built, and fastening them by fastening means (4) and anchoring means (3) which will define a similarly curved configuration for their fitting. Subsequently, once the parts (1, 2) have been arranged, the section between the FRP arranged and the natural ground must be concreted, thus forming a tunnel (15) with similar features to other construction methods, but greatly minimising completion times. Furthermore, as it is made of FRP, it will be more durable than the current steel systems.