Apparatus and method for measuring the delay time difference between propagation modes

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a device, including: a first light source for outputting incident light to a measured optical fiber or optical device; a second light source for outputting local light for being multiplexed with transmitted light through the measured optical fiber or optical device; and a signal processing unit for performing digital signal processing on a light-receiving signal I(t) obtained by multiplexing the transmitted light and the local light, wherein the signal processing unit is configured to calculate an autocorrelation function between the light-receiving signal I(t) and a signal I(t+) obtained by shifting the light-receiving signal by a time , and to measure a delay time difference between propagation modes in the measured optical fiber or optical device, from a peak position of the autocorrelation function.

Claims

1. A device, comprising: a first light source for outputting incident light to a measured optical fiber or optical device; a second light source for outputting local light for being multiplexed with transmitted light through the measured optical fiber or optical device; and a signal processing unit for performing digital signal processing on a light-receiving signal I(t) obtained by multiplexing the transmitted light and the local light, wherein the signal processing unit is configured to calculate an autocorrelation function between the light-receiving signal I(t) and a signal I(t+) obtained by shifting the light-receiving signal by a time , and to measure a delay time difference between propagation modes in the measured optical fiber or optical device, from a peak position of the autocorrelation function.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein a coherence time of the incident light is shorter than a propagation mode delay time in the measured optical fiber or optical device, and a coherence time of the local light is longer than the propagation mode delay time in the measured optical fiber or optical device.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing unit is configured to obtain mode dispersion in the measured optical fiber or optical device, using a distribution of peaks of an autocorrelation function R() with respect to .

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the signal processing unit is configured to obtain mode dispersion in the measured optical fiber or optical device, from a standard deviation obtained using the following equation $\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.\mathrm{C4}\right]& \\ R\left(\right)e^{-\frac{{}^2}{4{}^2}}.& \left(C4\right)\end{array}$

5. A method comprising: injecting incident light from a first light source into a measured optical fiber or optical device; multiplexing transmitted light of the measured optical fiber or optical device with local light output from a second light source different from the first light source; calculating, by a signal processing unit, an autocorrelation function R() between a light-receiving signal I(t), obtained by multiplexing the transmitted light and the local light, and a signal I(t+), obtained by shifting the light-receiving signal by a time , and measuring a delay time difference between propagation modes in the measured optical fiber or optical device, by a signal processing unit using a peak position of the autocorrelation function R() with respect to .

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the signal processing unit is configured to measure mode dispersion in the measured optical fiber or optical device, using a distribution of peaks of the autocorrelation function R() with respect to .

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a method for calculating an autocorrelation function in the present disclosure.

(2) FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a calculation result of the autocorrelation function, where the number of propagation modes is two, in the present disclosure.

(3) FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a calculation result of the autocorrelation function, where the propagation modes are randomly combined with each other, in the present disclosure.

(4) FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(5) The following describes embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described below. These embodiments are merely examples, and the present disclosure can be carried out in forms with various modifications and improvements based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Note that components having the same reference numerals in the present specification and the drawings indicate the same components.

(6) The present disclosure implements mode dispersion measurement, without using an interferometer, by using two types of light sources, a first light source outputting continuous light therefrom and a second light source outputting local light therefrom, multiplexing transmitted light obtained by injecting the continuous light into a measured optical fiber or optical device with the local light to perform coherent detection, and performing digital autocorrelation processing on a signal obtained by the coherent detection.

(7) A mode dispersion measurement device according to the present disclosure includes: a first light source that outputs incident light to a measured optical fiber or optical device; a second light source that outputs local light for being multiplexed with the transmitted light of the measured optical fiber or optical device; and a light receiver that receives multiplexed light of the transmitted light and the local light. Both the incident light and the local light are continuous light. The mode delay measurement device of the present disclosure transmits incident light through the measured optical fiber or optical device, and measures a light intensity of multiplexed light obtained by multiplexing the transmitted light through the measured optical fiber or optical device and the local light.

(8) When the number of propagation modes of the measured optical fiber or optical device is two, a signal I(t) obtained by the coherent detection is expressed as the following equation.

(9) $\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.7\right]& \\ I\left(t\right)={.Math.E_0\left(t-{}_1\right)+E_0\left(t-{}_2\right)+E_{\mathrm{lo}}\left(t\right).Math.}^2& \left(7\right)\end{array}$

(10) E.sub.lo(t) is a complex electric field amplitude of the local light. Assuming that the local light intensity is sufficiently higher than the transmitted light intensity of the measured optical fiber or optical device, and an interference component between the transmitted light beams is negligible, I(t) can be expressed as the following equation.

(11) $\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.8\right]& \\ I\left(t\right)I_1\left(t\right)+I_2\left(t\right)& \left(8\right)\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.9\right]& \\ I_1\left(t\right)E_0\left(-{}_1\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}^{*}\left(t\right)+E_0^{*}\left(t-{}_1\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}\left(t\right)& \left(9\right)\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.10\right]& \\ I_2\left(t\right)E_0\left(-{}_2\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}^{*}\left(t\right)+E_0^{*}\left(t-{}_2\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}\left(t\right)& \left(10\right)\end{array}$

(12) Next, an autocorrelation function R() of I(t) is calculated. FIG. 1 illustrates a calculation image of R(). Regarding R(), a time integral of a product of I(t) and a waveform I(t+), obtained by shifting I(t) by an arbitrary time , is calculated as a function of . R() is calculated by digital signal processing on the basis of the following equation.

(13) $\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.11\right]& \\ R\left(\right)=I\left(t\right)I\left(t+\right)\mathrm{dt}={.Math.}_{i=1}^2{.Math.}_{j=1}^2{I}_i\left(t\right)I_j\left(t+\right)\mathrm{dt}& \left(11\right)\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.12\right]& \\ & \left(12\right)\end{array}$$I_i\left(t\right)I_j\left(t+\right)\mathrm{dt}=E_0\left(t-{}_i\right)E_0^{*}\left(t-{}_j+\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}^{*}\left(t\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}\left(t+\right)\mathrm{dt}+c.c.$

(14) c.c. represents a complex conjugate of the entire upper term.

(15) When the coherence time of the local light is sufficiently long in comparison with a possible value of , E*.sub.lo(t) E.sub.lo(t+) and its complex conjugate can be regarded as constants independent from t. Given that Equation (2) is further applied, Equation (12) becomes the following equation.

(16) [Math. 13]

(17) 0$\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.13\right]& \\ I_i\left(t\right)I_j\left(t+\right)\mathrm{dt}\{\begin{array}{c}1\left(={}_j-{}_i\right)\\ 0\left({}_j-{}_i\right)\end{array}& \left(13\right)\end{array}$

(18) Given that Equation (13) is substituted into Equation (11), R() becomes the following Equation in a region of >0.

(19) $\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.14\right]& \\ R\left(\right)\{\begin{array}{c}1\left(={}_2-{}_1\right)\\ 0\left({}_2-{}_1\right)\end{array}& \left(14\right)\end{array}$

(20) A waveform image of R() calculated as described above is illustrated in FIG. 2. Since R() has a peak at a position of =.sub.2.sub.1, an intermode propagation delay time difference is measurable from the peak position of R().

(21) An example where propagation modes are randomly combined will be described. When the complex electric field amplitude of the transmitted light of the measured optical fiber or optical device is describable as Equation (4), the signal I(t) obtained by the coherent detection is expressed as the following equation.

(22) [Math. 15]

(23) $\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.15\right]& \\ I\left(t\right)={.Math.{.Math.}_i{e}^{-\frac{{\left({}_i-{}^{}\right)}^2}{2{}^2}}{E}_0\left(t-{}_i\right)+E_{\mathrm{lo}}\left(t\right).Math.}^2& \left(15\right)\end{array}$

(24) Assuming that the local light intensity is sufficiently higher than the transmitted light intensity of the measured optical fiber or optical device, and an interference component between the transmitted light beams is negligible, I(t) can be expressed as the following equation.

(25) $\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.16\right]& \\ I\left(t\right)={.Math.}_i{I}_i\left(t\right)& \left(16\right)\end{array}$$\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.17\right]& \\ I_i\left(t\right)e^{\frac{{\left(t_i-{}^{}\right)}^2}{2{}^2}}\left[E_0\left(t-{}_i\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}^{*}\left(t\right)+E_0^{*}\left(t-{}_i\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}\left(t\right)\right]& \left(17\right)\end{array}$

(26) The autocorrelation function R() of I(t) is calculated as follows.

(27) $\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.18\right]& \\ & \left(18\right)\end{array}$$R\left(\right)=I\left(t\right)I\left(t+\right)\mathrm{dt}=\underset{i}{.Math.}\underset{j}{.Math.}{I}_i\left(t\right)I_j\left(t+\right)\mathrm{dt}=\underset{i}{.Math.}\underset{j}{.Math.}{e}^{\frac{{\left(t_i-{}^{}\right)}^2}{2{}^2}}{e}^{\frac{{\left(t_j-{}^{}\right)}^2}{2{}^2}}\left[E_0\left(t-{}_i\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}^{*}\left(t\right)+E_0^{*}\left(t-{}_i\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}\left(t\right)\right]\left[E_0\left(t-{}_j+\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}^{*}\left(t+\right)+E_0^{*}\left(t-{}_j+\right)E_{\mathrm{lo}}\left(t+\right)\right]\mathrm{dt}$

(28) When the coherence time of the local light is sufficiently long with respect to a possible value of , E*.sub.lo(t)E.sub.lo(t+) and its complex conjugate can be regarded as constants independent from t. Given that Equation (2) is further applied, Equation (18) becomes the following equation.

(29) $\begin{array}{cc}\left[\mathrm{Math}.19\right]& \\ R\left(\right)e^{-\frac{{}^2}{4{}^2}}& \left(19\right)\end{array}$

(30) A waveform image of R() calculated as described above is illustrated in FIG. 3. R() has a Gaussian shape with a standard deviation of 2 times the delay spread of E.sub.0(t). The mode dispersion, on condition that the propagation modes are randomly combined, is defined as 2 times the standard deviation of the delay spread distribution of E.sub.0(t), the mode dispersion can be evaluated from the standard deviation of the distribution of R().

(31) By using the present disclosure, the mode dispersion of the optical fiber or optical device can be measured without preparing an interferometer on the light-receiving side. This is free from the need for precise optical path length adjustment in the conventional low-coherence optical interferometry, thereby simplifying the measurement and enabling mode dispersion measurement in a wide measurable range exceeding the measurement limit due to the conventional optical path length movable range.

(32) FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a device according to the present embodiment. A low-coherence light source 11 is used as a light source, and continuous light is injected into the measured optical fiber or optical device 20. The low-coherence light source 11 functions as a first light source that outputs first continuous light. The transmitted light of the continuous light transmitted through the measured optical fiber or optical device 20 is multiplexed with the local light from a high-coherence light source 12 by a spatial optical system including lenses 17 and 25 and a multiplexer 16, and converted into an electric signal by a light receiver 13. The high-coherence light source 12 functions as a second light source that outputs local light. The light-receiving signal that is the electrical signal obtained by the conversion is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter 14 and transferred to a signal processing unit 15.

(33) The signal processing unit 15 calculates the autocorrelation function R() by Equation (11) using the light-receiving signal I(t) that is the digital signal obtained by the conversion. When combining of propagation modes of the measured optical fiber or optical device 20 is negligible, R() has a peak at a position corresponding to the intermode delay time difference as illustrated in FIG. 2, and thus the intermode delay time difference is measured from the peak position. When the propagation modes are randomly combined with each other, R() is distributed in a Gaussian shape with the mode dispersion as a standard deviation as illustrated in FIG. 3, so that the mode dispersion can be measured from the standard deviation of R().

(34) Note that the low-coherence light source 11 used in the present embodiment has a coherence time shorter than the intermode delay time difference or mode dispersion, and the high-coherence light source 12 has a coherence time longer than the intermode delay time difference or mode dispersion.

(35) The signal processing unit 15 of the present disclosure can also be implemented on a computer and in a program, and the program can be recorded on a recording medium or be provided through a network. Multiplexing of the transmitted light and the high-coherence light is not limited to adoption of the spatial optical system, and any configuration can be employed.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(36) The present disclosure can be applied to an information communication industry.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(37) 11 Low-coherence light source 12 High-coherence light source 13 Light receiver 14 A/D converter 15 Signal processing unit 16 Multiplexer 17, 25 Lens 20 Measured optical fiber or optical device