METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PAVING SLAB

Abstract

A paving slab is provided, including a slab body having a recess, a module which is arranged in the recess, wherein the module extends in a planar manner along a module plane, and a flat cover element, which is oriented along the module plane and is translucent at least in sections, for protecting the at least one module. The module is enclosed in a liquid-tight manner by the slab body and the cover element. The module includes a photovoltaic layer, a luminous layer and a support element to which the photovoltaic layer and the luminous layer are applied by screen printing, wherein the photovoltaic layer, the luminous layer and the entire module are flexible. Also provided is a paving system including the paving slab and to a method for producing the paving slab.

Claims

1. A module, wherein the module extends in a planar manner along a module plane, the module comprising: at least one planar energy storage layer oriented along the module plane for storing electrical energy, and at least one planar photovoltaic layer oriented along the module plane for generating electrical energy, wherein the at least one energy storage layer and the at least one planar photovoltaic layer and the whole module are configured to be flexible.

2. The module according to claim 1, wherein the module comprises a support element, and wherein at least one of the at least one energy storage layer and the at least one photovoltaic layer is applied to the support element by screen printing.

3. The module according to claim 1, wherein the at least one photovoltaic layer and the at least one energy storage layer each comprise a plurality of material layers aligned along the module plane and having material compositions different from one another.

4. The module according to claim 1, further comprising at least one flat luminous layer aligned along the module plane for illuminating an area surrounding the module, wherein the luminous layer is applied by screen printing.

5. The module according to claim 1, wherein the module is covered by a cover element made of a casted plastic which is excited under high-frequency excitation.

6. The module according to claim 1, further comprising at least one flat heating layer aligned along the module plane for heating an environment of the module.

7. The module according to claim 6, wherein the heating layer is applied by screen printing.

8. The module according to claim 6, wherein between the heating layer and the energy storage layer a flat thermal insulation layer aligned along the module plane is arranged.

9. The module according to claim 8, wherein the insulation layer is applied by screen printing.

10. The module according to claim 8, wherein the insulation layer comprises a calcium silicate, chitosan, and a heat-resistant binder.

11. The module according to claim 1, further comprising at least one encapsulation layer for protecting the at least one photovoltaic layer and the at least one energy storage layer from environmental influences, wherein the encapsulation layer is translucent, at least in sections.

12. A paving slab, the paving slab comprising: a slab body having at least one recess; and a module arranged in the at least one recess, wherein the module extends in a planar manner along a module plane, wherein the module includes at least one planar energy storage layer oriented along the module plane for storing electrical energy and at least one planar photovoltaic layer oriented along the module plane for generating electrical energy, and wherein the at least one energy storage layer and the at least one planar photovoltaic layer and the whole module are configured to be flexible.

13. The paving slab according to claim 12, comprising at least one flat cover element, which is aligned along the module plane and which is translucent at least in sections, for protecting the at least one module.

14. The paving slab according to claim 13, wherein the cover element comprises a plastic which is cast onto the module in the recess.

15. The paving slab according to claim 12, comprising at least one sensor, wherein the at least one sensor has at least one of a temperature sensor, a brightness sensor and a presence sensor.

16. A method for producing a module, the method comprising: providing a support element which extends in a planar manner; and applying at least one photovoltaic layer and at least one energy storage layer onto the support element; wherein at least one of the at least one photovoltaic layer and the at least one energy storage layer is applied by screen printing.

17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: liquid-tight enclosing of the module in a recess of a slab body with a cover element.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein enclosing the module comprises casting the cover element of a plastic onto the module in the recess.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein casting the cover element takes place under high frequency excitation of the plastic.

20. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: curing at least one layer of the module by irradiating the layer with infrared light, during an irradiation period of 0.1 s to 100 s.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0084] Some of the embodiments will be described in detail, with references to the following Figures, wherein like designations denote like members, wherein:

[0085] FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane of a paving slab produced according to embodiments of the invention;

[0086] FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane of a module of a paving slab produced according to embodiments of the invention;

[0087] FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane of a further module of a paving slab produced according to embodiments of the invention;

[0088] FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane of a further module of a paving slab produced according to embodiments of the invention;

[0089] FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane of a luminous layer of a module of a paving slab produced according to embodiments of the invention;

[0090] FIG. 6 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane of an induction layer of a module of a paving slab produced according to embodiments of the invention.

[0091] FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane of a heating layer of a module of a paving slab produced according to embodiments of the invention;

[0092] FIG. 8 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane of an energy storage layer of a module of a paving slab produced according to embodiments of the invention; and

[0093] FIG. 9 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane of a photovoltaic layer of a module of a paving slab produced according to embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0094] FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane HE of a paving slab 300 produced according to embodiments of the invention. The paving slab 300 comprises a slab body 310 with a recess 311, wherein a module 200 according to embodiments of the invention is arranged in the recess 311.

[0095] The paving slab 300 comprises a planar cover element 320, aligned along the module plane HE of the module 200 and translucent at least in sections, for protecting the module 200, wherein the module 200 is enclosed by the slab body 310 and the at least one cover element 320 in a fluid-tight manner.

[0096] The cover element 320 comprises, for example, a transparent plastic material cast to the slab body 310.

[0097] FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane HE of a module 200 of a paving slab 300 produced according to embodiments of the invention. The module 200 extends flatly along the module plane HE and comprises a flat heating layer 290 aligned along the module plane HE for heating an environment of the module 200 and a flat photovoltaic layer 280 aligned along the module plane HE for generating electrical energy.

[0098] The heating layer 290 and the photovoltaic layer 280 each comprise a plurality of material layers aligned along the module plane HE (shown by hatching) with different material compositions from each other. A possible structure of the heating layer 290 and the photovoltaic layer 280 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 9.

[0099] Electrical connections between the layers and/or within the layers of the module 200 that are necessary for the operation of the module 200 are not shown here and in the following figures for the sake of clarity.

[0100] FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane HE of a module 200 of a paving slab 300 produced according to embodiments of the invention. The module 200 extends in a planar manner along the module plane HE and comprises a planar heating layer 290 aligned along the module plane HE for heating an environment of the module 200 and a planar energy storage layer 220 aligned along the module plane HE for storing electrical energy, wherein a planar thermal insulation layer 240 aligned along the module plane HE is arranged between the heating layer 290 and the energy storage layer 220.

[0101] The insulating layer 240 comprises, for example, a calcium silicate, chitosan and a heat-resistant binder and has, for example, a layer thickness perpendicular to the module plane HE of 40 m to 100 m.

[0102] The heating layer 290 and the energy storage layer 220 each comprise a plurality of material layers aligned along the module plane HE (shown by hatching) with different material compositions from each other. One possible structure of each of the heating layer 290 and the energy storage layer 220 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

[0103] FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane HE of a further module 200 of a paving slab 300 produced according to embodiments of the invention.

[0104] In addition to the layers shown in FIG. 2, the module 200 comprises the following further layers:

[0105] The module 200 comprises a planar luminescent layer 210 aligned along the module plane HE for illuminating an environment of the module 200, wherein the luminescent layer 210 comprises a plurality of material layers (shown by hatching) aligned along the module plane HE having different material compositions from each other.

[0106] The luminescent layer 210 is arranged, for example, on the side of the photovoltaic layer 280 facing away from the heating layer 290. A possible structure of the luminescent layer 210 is shown in FIG. 5.

[0107] The module 200 comprises a planar energy storage layer 220 aligned along the module plane HE for storing electrical energy, wherein a planar thermal insulation layer 240 aligned along the module plane HE is arranged between the heating layer 290 and the energy storage layer 220.

[0108] The energy storage layer 220 is arranged, for example, on the side of the heating layer 290 facing away from the photovoltaic layer 280.

[0109] The insulating layer 240 is designed, for example, as described for FIG. 3.

[0110] The heating layer 290 and the energy storage layer 220 each comprise a plurality of material layers aligned along the module plane HE (shown by hatching) with different material compositions from each other. One possible structure of each of the heating layer 290 and the energy storage layer 220 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

[0111] The module 200 comprises a support element 260, for example a PET film, extending in a planar manner along the module plane HE, to which at least the layers of the module 200 are applied, for example by screen printing.

[0112] The module 200 comprises an encapsulation layer 270 for protecting the other layers of the module 200 from environmental influences, wherein, for example, the encapsulation layer 270 is translucent at least in sections. The encapsulation layer 270 consists, for example, of a transparent plastic, in particular PET.

[0113] For example, the order of the layers of the module 200 perpendicular to module plane HE is: support element 260, energy storage layer 220, insulation layer 240, heating layer 290, photovoltaic layer 280, luminescent layer 210, encapsulation layer 270.

[0114] FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane HE of a luminous layer 210, for example in the form of an OLED, of a module 200 of a paving slab 300 produced according to embodiments of the invention, comprising a plurality of material layers aligned along the module plane HE and having different material compositions from one another.

[0115] The illustrated luminescent layer 210 comprises, for example, an anode layer 211 consisting, for example, of indium tin oxide, and an adjoining hole-conducting layer 212.

[0116] Adjacent to the hole-conducting layer 212 is a dye layer 213 containing an organic dye. The illustrated luminescent layer 210 is terminated by a cathode layer 214 comprising a metal, such as calcium or barium. The dye may comprise, for example, a derivative of poly (p-phenylene-vinyl).

[0117] FIG. 6 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane HE of an induction layer 230 of a module 200 of a paving slab 300 produced according to embodiments of the invention, comprising several layers of material aligned along the module plane HE and having different material compositions from one another.

[0118] The illustrated induction layer 230 comprises, for example, an induction coil 231, for example made of a metal, and an electrically insulating sheath 232, for example made of a plastic, at least perpendicular to the module plane HE above and below the induction coil 231.

[0119] FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane HE of a heating layer 290 of a module 200 of a paving slab 300 produced according to embodiments of the invention, comprising several layers of material aligned along the module plane HE and having different material compositions from one another.

[0120] The illustrated heating layer 290 comprises, for example, a number of conductive tracks 291, for example made of a metal, and an electrically insulating layer 292, for example made of a plastic, perpendicular to the module plane HE above and below each of the conductive tracks 291.

[0121] FIG. 8 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane HE of an energy storage layer 220 of a module 200 of a paving slab 300 produced according to embodiments of the invention, comprising several layers of material aligned along the module plane HE and having different material compositions from one another.

[0122] The energy storage layer 220, which is designed as a solid-state accumulator, for example, comprises two electrode layers 222, a separator layer 221 with an electrolyte in between and an encapsulation layer 223, for example made of a plastic, designed as an electrical insulator on each of the outer sides.

[0123] The electrode layers 222 comprise, for example, carbon and/or an electrically conductive polymer. The encapsulation layers 223 comprise, for example, an electrically insulating plastic. The separator layer 221 comprises, for example, an ion-conductive porous plastic polymer electrolyte.

[0124] FIG. 9 shows a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the module plane HE of a photovoltaic layer 280 of a module 200 of a paving slab 300 produced according to embodiments of the invention, comprising several layers of material aligned along the module plane HE and having different material compositions from one another.

[0125] For example, the photovoltaic layer 280 is configured as a thin film solar cell comprising, for example, microcrystalline silicon (c-Si:H) as the photoactive material.

[0126] The photovoltaic layer 280 comprises, for example, perpendicular to the module plane HE, one above the other, a translucent front electrode layer 281 and then a photoactive layer 282 with the photoactive material and then a back electrode layer 283. The photovoltaic layer 280 is terminated perpendicular to the module plane HE, for example, by an electrically insulating encapsulation layer 223, for example made of a plastic.

[0127] Although the invention has been illustrated and described in greater detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments, the invention is not limited to the examples disclosed, and further variations can be inferred by a person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

[0128] For the sake of clarity, it is to be understood that the use of a or an throughout this application does not exclude a plurality, and comprising does not exclude other steps or elements.

TABLE-US-00001 List of reference signs 200 Module 210 Luminous layer 211 Anode layer 212 Hole-conducting layer 213 Dye layer 214 Cathode layer 220 Energy storage layer 221 Separator layer 222 Electrode layer 223 Encapsulation layer 230 Induction layer 231 Induction coil 232 Sheath 240 Insulating layer 260 Support element 270 Encapsulation layer 280 Photovoltaic layer 281 Front electrode layer 282 Photoactive layer 283 Back electrode layer 290 Heating layer 291 Conductive track 292 Insulating layer 300 Paving slab 310 Slab body 311 Recess 320 Cover element HE Module plane