CORROSION INHIBITOR COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USING THE COMPOSITIONS TO INHIBIT CORROSION

Abstract

Compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces are disclosed herein. Also disclosed are metal surfaces coated or partially coated with the compounds, compositions, and/or components of the present disclosure. The corrosion inhibitor compositions may include corrosion inhibitor compounds having the structure of Formula I. The compositions may include other corrosion inhibitors and/or additional components, such as a solvent, a scale inhibitor, or a biocide.

Claims

1. A method of inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface in contact with a medium, comprising: adding an effective amount of a composition to the medium, wherein the composition comprises a corrosion inhibitor compound comprising a structure of Formula I, or an isomer thereof: ##STR00007## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CH.sub.2).sub.nCOOH, a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkenyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkynyl group, wherein n is an integer selected from 0-100.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount is from about 1 ppm to about 50,000 ppm.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the medium comprises produced water, fresh water, seawater, municipal water, brackish water, recycled water, salt water, surface water, condensed water, cooling water, injection water, waste water, geothermal water, sewage water, nuclear cooling water, ground water, connate, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, or any mixture thereof.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal surface comprises steel.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the corrosion inhibitor compound comprises ##STR00008##

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding an effective amount of a component to the medium, wherein the component is selected from the group consisting of a fouling control agent, an additional corrosion inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor intensifier, a biocide, a preservative, an acid, an anti-emulsifier, an iron chelating agent, a hydrogen sulfide scavenger, a surfactant, an asphaltene inhibitor, a paraffin inhibitor, a scale inhibitor, a gas hydrate inhibitor, a pH modifier, an emulsion breaker, a reverse emulsion breaker, a coagulant/flocculant agent, an emulsifier, a water clarifier, a dispersant, an antioxidant, a polymer degradation prevention agent, a permeability modifier, a foaming agent, an antifoaming agent, a CO.sub.2 scavenger, an O.sub.2 scavenger, a gelling agent, a lubricant, a friction reducing agent, a salt, a clay stabilizer, a bactericide, a salt substitute, a relative permeability modifier, a breaker, a fluid loss control additive, an iron control agent, a drag reducing agent, a flow improver, a viscosity reducer, and any combination thereof.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the component is added before, after, and/or with the composition.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkanol, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxyalkanol, an alcohol, a glycol ether, a hydrocarbon, a ketone, an ether, an alkylene glycol, an amide, a nitrile, a sulfoxide, an ester, and any combination thereof.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 0.5 wt. % to about 100 wt. % of the corrosion inhibitor compound.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition consists essentially of the corrosion inhibitor compound and the component.

11. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition consists essentially of the corrosion inhibitor compound, the component, and a solvent.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the composition consists essentially of the corrosion inhibitor compound and the solvent.

13. A composition, comprising: a corrosion inhibitor compound having a structure of Formula I, or an isomer thereof: ##STR00009## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CH.sub.2).sub.nCOOH, a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkenyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkynyl group, wherein n is an integer selected from 0-100.

14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the corrosion inhibitor compound comprises ##STR00010##

15. The composition of claim 13, further comprising a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkanol, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxyalkanol, an alcohol, a glycol ether, a hydrocarbon, a ketone, an ether, an alkylene glycol, an amide, a nitrile, a sulfoxide, an ester, and any combination thereof.

16. The composition of claim 13, further comprising a component selected from the group consisting of a fouling control agent, an additional corrosion inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor intensifier, a biocide, a preservative, an acid, an anti-emulsifier, an iron chelating agent, a hydrogen sulfide scavenger, a surfactant, an asphaltene inhibitor, a paraffin inhibitor, a scale inhibitor, a gas hydrate inhibitor, a pH modifier, an emulsion breaker, a reverse emulsion breaker, a coagulant/flocculant agent, an emulsifier, a water clarifier, a dispersant, an antioxidant, a polymer degradation prevention agent, a permeability modifier, a foaming agent, an antifoaming agent, a CO.sub.2 scavenger, an O.sub.2 scavenger, a gelling agent, a lubricant, a friction reducing agent, a salt, a clay stabilizer, a bactericide, a salt substitute, a relative permeability modifier, a breaker, a fluid loss control additive, an iron control agent, a drag reducing agent, a flow improver, a viscosity reducer, and any combination thereof.

17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the composition consists essentially of the corrosion inhibitor compound and the component.

18. The composition of claim 16, wherein the composition consists essentially of the corrosion inhibitor compound, the component, and a solvent.

19. The composition of claim 15, wherein the composition consists essentially of the corrosion inhibitor compound and the solvent.

20. A metal surface comprising a corrosion inhibitor compound having a structure of Formula I, or an isomer thereof: ##STR00011## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CH.sub.2).sub.nCOOH, a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkenyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkynyl group, wherein n is an integer selected from 0-100.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces.

[0012] Unless otherwise indicated, an alkyl group as described hereinalone or as part of another groupis an optionally substituted linear or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon substituent containing from, for example, one to about sixty carbon atoms, such as one to about forty carbon atoms, in the main chain. Examples of unsubstituted alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, i-pentyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, and the like.

[0013] Cycloalkyl refers to a cyclic alkyl substituent containing from, for example, about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms, preferably from about 4 to about 7 carbon atoms, and more preferably from about 4 to about 6 carbon atoms. Examples of such substituents include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, and the like. The cyclic alkyl groups may be unsubstituted or further substituted with alkyl groups, such as methyl groups, ethyl groups, and the like.

[0014] Compounds of the present disclosure may be substituted with suitable substituents. The term suitable substituent, as used herein, is intended to mean a chemically acceptable functional group, preferably a moiety that does not negate the activity of the compounds. Such suitable substituents include, but are not limited to, halo groups, perfluoroalkyl groups, perfluoro-alkoxy groups, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, hydroxy groups, oxo groups, mercapto groups, alkylthio groups, alkoxy groups, aryl or heteroaryl groups, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy groups, aralkyl or heteroaralkyl groups, aralkoxy or heteroaralkoxy groups, HO(CO) groups, heterocylic groups, cycloalkyl groups, amino groups, alkyl- and dialkylamino groups, carbamoyl groups, alkylcarbonyl groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, alkylaminocarbonyl groups, dialkylamino carbonyl groups, arylcarbonyl groups, aryloxy-carbonyl groups, alkylsulfonyl groups, and arylsulfonyl groups. In some embodiments, suitable substituents may include halogen, an unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.12 alkyl group, an unsubstituted C.sub.4-C.sub.6 aryl group, or an unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many substituents can be substituted by additional substituents.

[0015] The term substituted as in substituted alkyl, means that in the group in question (e.g., the alkyl group), at least one hydrogen atom bound to a carbon atom is replaced with one or more substituent groups, such as hydroxy (OH), alkylthio, phosphino, amido (CON(R.sub.A)(R.sub.B), wherein R.sub.A and R.sub.B are independently hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl), amino(N(R.sub.A)(R.sub.B), wherein R.sub.A and R.sub.B are independently hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl), halo (fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo), silyl, nitro (NO.sub.2), an ether (OR.sub.A wherein R.sub.A is alkyl or aryl), an ester (OC(O)R.sub.A wherein R.sub.A is alkyl or aryl), keto (C(O)R.sub.A wherein R.sub.A is alkyl or aryl), heterocyclo, and the like.

[0016] When the term substituted introduces a list of possible substituted groups, it is intended that the term apply to every member of that group. That is, the phrase optionally substituted alkyl or aryl is to be interpreted as optionally substituted alkyl or optionally substituted aryl.

[0017] The terms polymer, copolymer, polymerize, copolymerize, and the like include not only polymers comprising two monomer residues and polymerization of two different monomers together, but also include (co)polymers comprising more than two monomer residues and polymerizing together more than two or more other monomers. For example, a polymer as disclosed herein includes a terpolymer, a tetrapolymer, polymers comprising more than four different monomers, as well as polymers comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of two different monomer residues. Additionally, a polymer as disclosed herein may also include a homopolymer, which is a polymer comprising a single type of monomer unit.

[0018] Unless specified differently, the polymers of the present disclosure may be linear, branched, crosslinked, structured, synthetic, semi-synthetic, natural, and/or functionally modified. A polymer of the present disclosure can be in the form of a solution, a dry powder, a liquid, or a dispersion, for example.

[0019] The present disclosure relates to corrosion inhibitor compounds, compositions, and methods of inhibiting corrosion. Inhibiting corrosion includes, for example, reducing corrosion, completely eliminating corrosion or prohibiting corrosion from occurring for some period of time, lowering a rate of corrosion, etc.

[0020] In some embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of a corrosion inhibitor compound and optionally a component and/or a solvent.

[0021] A corrosion inhibitor compound of the present disclosure may comprise a structure of Formula I, or an isomer thereof:

##STR00004##

wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, OH, (CH.sub.2).sub.nCOOH, a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkenyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.40 alkynyl group, wherein n is an integer selected from 0-100.

[0022] In certain embodiments, R is selected from the group consisting of a C.sub.1-C.sub.35 alkyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.25 alkyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.1 alkyl, C.sub.2 alkyl, C.sub.3 alkyl, C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.7 alkyl, C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.9 alkyl, or C.sub.10 alkyl.

[0023] In some embodiments, R is selected from the group consisting of a C.sub.1-C.sub.35 alkenyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkenyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.25 alkenyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkenyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkenyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkenyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.1 alkenyl, C.sub.2 alkenyl, C.sub.3 alkenyl, C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.7 alkenyl, C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.9 alkenyl, or C.sub.10 alkenyl.

[0024] In certain embodiments, R is selected from the group consisting of a C.sub.1-C.sub.35 alkynyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkynyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.25 alkynyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkynyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkynyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkynyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.5alkynyl, C.sub.1 alkynyl, C.sub.2 alkynyl, C.sub.3 alkynyl, C.sub.4 alkynyl, C.sub.5 alkynyl, C.sub.6 alkynyl, C.sub.7 alkynyl, C.sub.8 alkynyl, C.sub.9 alkynyl, or C.sub.10 alkynyl.

[0025] The n variable may be an integer selected from 0 to 100, such as from 0 to 5, 0 to 10, 0 to 15, 0 to 20, 0 to 25, 0 to 30, 0 to 35, 0 to 40, 0 to 45, 0 to 50, 0 to 55, 0 to 60, 0 to 65, 0 to 70, 0 to 75, 0 to 80, 0 to 85, 0 to 90, 0 to 95, 0 to 100, 5 to 100, 10 to 100, 15 to 100, 20 to 100, 25 to 100, 30 to 100, 35 to 100, 40 to 100, 45 to 100, 50 to 100, 55 to 100, 60 to 100, 65 to 100, 70 to 100, 75 to 100, 80 to 100, 85 to 100, 90 to 100, or 95 to 100. In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20.

[0026] For example, a compound of Formula I may comprise

##STR00005##

[0027] The compositions disclosed herein may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of a single compound or any number of compounds falling within the scope of Formula I, optionally combined with a solvent and/or a component.

[0028] The compositions disclosed herein may comprise one or more solvents. For example, a composition in accordance with the present disclosure may comprise a solvent selected from water, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkanol, a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxyalkanol, an alcohol, a glycol ether, a hydrocarbon, a ketone, an ether, an alkylene glycol, an amide, a nitrile, a sulfoxide, an ester, and any combination thereof.

[0029] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure may be in the form of a liquid, a gel, or a mixture thereof.

[0030] In certain embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a pH from about 1 to about 11. In some embodiments, the pH of the composition may be from about 1 to about 10, from about 1 to about 9, from about 1 to about 8, from about 1 to about 7, from about 1 to about 6, or from about 1 to about 5.

[0031] The compositions of the present disclosure may include any amount of the corrosion inhibitor compound(s). For example, the composition may comprise from about 0.5 wt. % to about 100 wt. % of the corrosion inhibitor compound(s), such as from about 1 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, about 10 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, about 20 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, about 30 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, about 40 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, about 50 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, about 60 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, about 70 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, about 80 wt. % to about 100 wt. %, or about 90 wt. % to about 100 wt. % of the corrosion inhibitor compound(s).

[0032] The present disclosure also provides methods of inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface in contact with a medium. The methods comprise adding an effective amount of a composition to the medium, wherein the composition comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of a corrosion inhibitor compound as disclosed herein, optionally combined with a solvent and/or a component. The composition may be added continuously, intermittently, automatically, and/or manually.

[0033] In some embodiments, the effective amount of the corrosion inhibitor compound added to the medium is from about 1 ppm to about 50,000 ppm. For example, the effective amount may be from about 1 ppm to about 45,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 40,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 35,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 30,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 25,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 20,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 15,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, from about 500 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, from about 5,000 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, from about 10,000 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, or from about 25,000 ppm to about 50,000 ppm.

[0034] A medium of the present disclosure may comprise, for example, produced water, fresh water, seawater, municipal water, brackish water, recycled water, salt water, surface water, condensed water, cooling water, injection water, waste water, geothermal water, sewage water, nuclear cooling water, ground water, connate, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, or any mixture thereof.

[0035] An aqueous medium may comprise, for example, water, gas, and/or a liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon may be any type of liquid hydrocarbon including, but not limited to, crude oil, heavy oil, processed residual oil, bitminous oil, coker oils, coker gas oils, fluid catalytic cracker feeds, gas oil, naphtha, fluid catalytic cracking slurry, diesel fuel, fuel oil, jet fuel, gasoline, and kerosene. The medium may also comprise a refined hydrocarbon product.

[0036] A medium (e.g., a fluid and/or a gas) treated with a composition and/or compound of the present disclosure can be at any selected temperature, such as ambient temperature or an elevated temperature. For example, the medium (e.g., water, liquid hydrocarbon, gas, etc.) may be at a temperature of from about 40 C. to about 250 C. In some embodiments, the medium may be at a temperature of from about 50 C. to about 300 C., about 0 C. to about 200 C., about 10 C. to about 100 C., or about 20 C. to about 90 C.

[0037] The medium may be a continuously flowing medium, such as produced water flowing from a subterranean reservoir and into or through a pipe or tank. The aqueous medium may also be, for example, wastewater isolated from a continuous manufacturing process flowing into a wastewater treatment apparatus. In other embodiments, the medium is a batch, or plug, substantially disposed in a batchwise or static state within a metal containment.

[0038] The presently disclosed compositions are useful for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with any type of corrodent in the medium, such as a metal cation, a metal complex, a metal chelate, an organometallic complex, an aluminum ion, an ammonium ion, a barium ion, a chromium ion, a cobalt ion, a cuprous ion, a cupric ion, a calcium ion, a ferrous ion, a ferric ion, a hydrogen ion, a magnesium ion, a manganese ion, a molybdenum ion, a nickel ion, a potassium ion, a sodium ion, a strontium ion, a titanium ion, a uranium ion, a vanadium ion, a zinc ion, a bromide ion, a carbonate ion, a chlorate ion, a chloride ion, a chlorite ion, a dithionate ion, a fluoride ion, a hypochlorite ion, an iodide ion, a nitrate ion, a nitrite ion, an oxide ion, a perchlorate ion, a peroxide ion, a phosphate ion, a phosphite ion, a sulfate ion, a sulfide ion, a sulfite ion, a hydrogen carbonate ion, a hydrogen phosphate ion, a hydrogen phosphite ion, a hydrogen sulfate ion, a hydrogen sulfite ion, an acid, such as carbonic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, nitrous acid, sulfurous acid, a peroxy acid, or phosphoric acid, ammonia, bromine, carbon dioxide, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, fluorine, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, iodine, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, oxygen, ozone, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, a polysaccharide, a metal oxide, sand, a clay, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, mud, a brine, an organic acid, an insoluble inorganic and/or organic particulate, an oxidizing agent, a chelating agent, an alcohol, and any combination of the foregoing.

[0039] In some embodiments, the medium is an aqueous medium with a pH of about 1 to about 14. For example, the aqueous medium may have a pH less than about 7 or greater than about 7. In some embodiments, the pH of the aqueous medium is between about 1 and about 6, about 2 and about 6, about 3 and about 6, about 4 and about 6, and about 5 and about 6. In some embodiments, the pH of the aqueous medium is between about 7 and about 14. For example, the pH may be about 7 to about 12, about 7 to about 10, or about 7 to about 8.

[0040] In some embodiments, the aqueous medium comprises from about 1 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, by weight or by volume, of the corrosion inhibitor compound(s) disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the aqueous medium comprises from about 1 ppm to about 40,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 30,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 20,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, or from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm of the corrosion inhibitor compound(s) disclosed herein.

[0041] The presently disclosed compositions, compounds, and methods are useful for inhibiting corrosion of surfaces comprising any metal or combination of metals. In some aspects, the metal surface comprises steel, such as stainless steel or carbon steel. In some aspects, the metal surface comprises iron, aluminum, zinc, chromium, manganese, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, cobalt, niobium, or copper. The metal surface may also comprise any combination of the foregoing metals and/or any one or more of boron, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, oxygen, and nitrogen.

[0042] In some aspects of the present disclosure, a metal surface may comprise metallic-chrome steel, ferritic-alloy steel, austenitic-steel, precipitation-hardened steel, high-nickel steel, carbon steel, or a combination thereof.

[0043] In some embodiments, the methods disclosed herein further comprise (or exclude) adding a component to the medium. The component may be added before, after, and/or with the composition. The component may be added continuously, automatically, intermittently, and/or manually. In some embodiments, the composition comprises the component. In some embodiments, the composition consists of or consists essentially of the corrosion inhibitor compound, a solvent, and a component.

[0044] Illustrative, non-limiting examples of components include a fouling control agent, an additional corrosion inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor intensifier, a biocide, a preservative, an acid, an anti-emulsifier, an iron chelating agent, a hydrogen sulfide scavenger, a surfactant, an asphaltene inhibitor, a paraffin inhibitor, a scale inhibitor, a gas hydrate inhibitor, a pH modifier, an emulsion breaker, a reverse emulsion breaker, a coagulant/flocculant agent, an emulsifier, a water clarifier, a dispersant, an antioxidant, a polymer degradation prevention agent, a permeability modifier, a foaming agent, an antifoaming agent, a CO.sub.2 scavenger, an O.sub.2 scavenger, a gelling agent, a lubricant, a friction reducing agent, a salt, a clay stabilizer, a bactericide, a salt substitute, a relative permeability modifier, a breaker, a fluid loss control additive, an iron control agent, a drag reducing agent, a flow improver, a viscosity reducer, or any combination thereof.

[0045] The additional corrosion inhibitor may comprise, for example, an imidazoline compound, a pyridinium compound, a quaternary ammonium compound, a phosphate ester, an amine, an amide, a carboxylic acid, a thiol, and any combination thereof.

[0046] The fouling control agent may comprise, for example, a quaternary compound.

[0047] Illustrative, non-limiting examples of biocides include chlorine, hypochlorite, ClO.sub.2, bromine, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, peroxycarboxylic acid, peroxycarboxylic acid composition, peroxysulphate, glutaraldehyde, dibromonitrilopropionamide, isothiazolone, terbutylazine, polymeric biguanide, methylene bisthiocyanate, tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulphate, a quaternary ammonium compound, and any combination thereof.

[0048] The acid may comprise, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, citric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, or any combination thereof.

[0049] The hydrogen sulfide scavenger may comprise, for example, an oxidant, inorganic peroxide, chlorine dioxide, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 aldehyde, formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, acrolein, methacrolein, a triazine, or any combination thereof.

[0050] The surfactant may be non-ionic, cationic, anionic, amphoteric, or zwitterionic.

[0051] A hydrate inhibitor may include, for example, a mono-alkyl amide, a di-alkyl amide, an alkyl quaternary ammonium salt, and any combination thereof.

[0052] An asphaltene inhibitor may include, for example, an alkylphenol/formaldehyde resin, a polyisobutylene esters, a polyisobutylene imides, a polyalkyl acrylate, and any combination thereof.

[0053] A paraffin inhibitor may include, for example, a polyalkyl acrylate, an olefin/maleic anhydride polymer, and any combination thereof.

[0054] A scale inhibitor may include, for example, a phosphonate, a sulfonate, a phosphate, a phosphate ester, a polymer comprising a phosphonate or phosphonate ester group, a polymeric organic acid, a peroxycarboxylic acid, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the scale inhibitor may be selected from a compound comprising an amine and/or a quaternary amine, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), DETA phosphonate, and any combination thereof.

[0055] In some embodiments, the scale inhibitor is an acid-based scale inhibitor, such as phosphonic acid. In some embodiments, the scale inhibitor comprises an anionic group. The anionic group may comprise, for example, a carboxylate group or a sulfate group. In some embodiments, the scale inhibitor may include a phosphorous atom, a phosphorous-oxygen double bond, and/or a phosphono group.

[0056] In some embodiments, the scale inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diamine tetrakis (methylene phosphonic acid), diethylene triamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid), diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid), polyacrylic acid (PAA), phosphino carboxylic acid (PPCA), diglycol amine phosphonate (DGA phosphonate), 1-hydroxyethylidene 1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP phosphonate), bisaminoethylether phosphonate (BAEE phosphonate), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS), and any combination thereof.

[0057] In certain embodiments, the scale inhibitor is a polymer comprising an anionic monomer. The anionic monomer may be selected from, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, styrene sulfonic acid, and any combination thereof.

[0058] When the composition comprises a component (or a combination of components), it generally comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the component. For example, the composition may comprise from about 0.1 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1 wt. %, from about 1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, or from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the component.

[0059] Whether the component is added to the medium with the composition or separately from the composition (before and/or after), it may be added at about 1 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, such as about 1 ppm to about 2,500 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 750 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 2,500 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, or about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm.

[0060] The composition (and optional component if separate from the composition) may be added to the medium neat, dissolved in a solvent, partially dissolved in a solvent, and/or dispersed in a solvent. The addition may involve manual addition, automatic addition, dripping, pouring, spraying, pumping, injecting, or otherwise adding the composition and optional component to the medium and/or the metal surface. In some embodiments, the composition may be heated, such as from about 30 C. to 100 C., prior to addition. In some embodiments, the composition is added directly to the metal surface instead of or in addition to the medium. Addition may be continuous or intermittent.

[0061] In some embodiments, the compounds and/or compositions may be applied to the metal surface, such as an inner wall of a pipeline, using a pig system. For example, a pig system may include a lead pig and a filming pig spaced apart axially from the lead pig to define an application storage space therebetween. The compounds and/or compositions may be located in the application storage space. Once both the lead pig and the filming pig are located in the pipeline, a force may be applied, for example, to the filming pig to move the lead pig and the filming pig in the lateral direction through the pipeline. In certain embodiments, the force is derived from a pressurized fluid, a mechanical actuator, a hydraulic actuator, an air compressor, or any combination thereof.

[0062] The lead pig may, for example, prepare the surface of the pipe by removing residue through mechanical scraping. As the filming pig travels behind the lead pig, it uniformly applies the composition and/or compound in the application storage space to the interior surface of the pipe.

[0063] A method of preparing a pipeline for application of an even layer of the composition and/or compound to the interior surface of the pipeline may include several steps. For example, the method may include inserting the lead pig into the pipe and adding the composition and/or compound to the pipe upstream of the lead pig. Next, the method includes inserting the filming pig into the pipe upstream of the composition and/or compound such that the composition and/or compound is located in the application storage space. Once the lead pig and the filming pig are in place, the method includes applying a force to the filming pig to cause the filming pig and the lead pig to move in the lateral direction through the pipeline. While traveling, the lead pig may clean an interior wall of the pipeline and the filming pig applies the composition and/or compound to the interior wall of the pipeline.

[0064] The lead pig and the filming pig may be added or removed from the pipeline by any means known in the art. For example, the pipeline may have bypass sections, e.g. a pig launch and a pig receiver, in fluid communication with the main pipe in order to launch and receive the lead and filming pigs. The pig launcher may be used to launch the lead pig and the filming pig into the pipe, while the pig receiver may be used to receive the lead pig and the filming pig after moving through the pipeline.

[0065] The pig receiver may include a sensor configured to detect when the lead and filming pigs arrive at the pig receiver section of the pipeline. The pig receiver section may have different valves to control pressurization of the pipeline in order to safely remove the pigs from the pipeline. Once the pigs are removed, the valves may be reopened to return the system to the original condition.

[0066] During application of a composition and/or compound of the present disclosure, a method disclosed herein may include reducing a flow rate of the process fluid within the pipeline while applying the composition. For example, the flow rate may be reduced by about 10% to about 75% of the standard operating flow rate. In some embodiments, the flow rate is reduced by about 15% to about 70%, about 20% to about 65%, about 25% to about 60%, or about 25% to about 50%.

[0067] The compositions and/or compounds disclosed herein can be added to a medium at various levels of water cut. For example, the water cut can be from about 0% to about 100% volume/volume (v/v), from about 1% to about 80% v/v, or from about 1% to about 60% v/v. The medium may be an aqueous medium that contains various levels of salinity. For example, the medium can have a salinity of about 0% to about 25%, about 1% to about 24%, or about 10% to about 25% weight/weight (w/w) total dissolved solids (TDS).

[0068] The methods, compounds, and compositions disclosed herein may be used in any industrial systems, such as an aqueous industrial system, as well as an industrial system that includes hydrogen-containing mediums and/or carbon dioxide-containing mediums. Non-limiting examples of industrial systems include cooling systems, boiler systems, heating systems, membrane systems, oil and gas systems, a petroleum well, a downhole formation, a geothermal well, a mineral washing system, a flotation and benefaction system, a gas scrubber, an air washer, a continuous casting system, an air conditioning and/or refrigeration system, a water reclamation system, a water purification system, a clarification system, a municipal sewage treatment system, a municipal water treatment system, a potable water system, and any other system that circulates or includes water. In some embodiments, the compositions, compounds, and methods of the present disclosure may be used to inhibit corrosion of a metal surface present in an oil and/or gas production well and/or pipeline.

[0069] The compositions, compounds, and methods disclosed herein can be applied in any industry where it is desirable to inhibit corrosion. For example, a composition can be applied to a gas or liquid produced or used in the production, transportation, storage, and/or separation of crude oil or natural gas.

[0070] The medium in which the compositions and/or compounds of the disclosure are introduced can be contained in and/or exposed to many different types of devices/components. For example, the medium may be contained in an apparatus that transports fluid or gas from one point to another, such as an oil and/or gas pipeline. The device/component may be part of an oil and/or gas refinery, such as a pipeline, a separation vessel, a dehydration unit, or a gas line. The medium may also be contained in and/or exposed to a device/component used in oil extraction and/or production, such as a wellhead.

[0071] In some embodiments, one or more of a pipeline, a heat exchanger, a storage vessel, a flowline, a downhole tubular, a casing, a tank (e.g., railroad tank car or a tank truck/tanker), a separator, or any combination thereof, comprises the metal surface, which contacts the medium.

[0072] In certain embodiments, a subterranean formation and/or a pipeline comprises the metal surface to be treated by a composition and/or compound of the present disclosure. Certain methods disclosed herein comprise adding a composition and/or compound disclosed herein to a medium that comprises the metal surface. Alternatively and/or additionally, the methods disclosed herein may comprise applying the composition and/or compound directly to the metal surface as opposed to, for example, adding to a liquid medium in contact with the metal surface. In some embodiments, the composition and/or compound may be applied to the interior wall of the pipeline when the interior wall is dry or substantially dry.

[0073] In some embodiments, the pipeline is intended to transport a liquid medium/process fluid, such as an aqueous medium or a medium comprising aqueous and non-aqueous liquids (e.g., an aqueous/hydrocarbon mixture produced from a subterranean reservoir), and the composition and/or compound is applied in the absence of the process fluid. The components of the process fluid may include, for example, water, hydrocarbons, brine, crude oil, refined oil, gas, liquefied natural gas, carbon dioxide, liquid hydrogen, and any combination thereof.

[0074] The foregoing may be better understood by reference to the following examples, which are intended for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure or its application in any way.

Examples

[0075] Corrosion testing was carried out to prove the superiority of the presently disclosed compositions as corrosion inhibitors. Inventive corrosion inhibitor compositions of the present disclosure were tested against a common commercial corrosion inhibitor (thioglycolic acid).

[0076] Corrosion bubble cell tests were performed using the following conditions to evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance on a carbon steel electrode (C1018 grade). The corrosion rate was assessed electrochemically using linear polarization resistance (LPR) methodology. Tests were carried out at about 80 C. and atmospheric pressure using CO.sub.2 saturated fluids with about 3% NaCl brine (100%) (without hydrocarbon) with a continuous CO.sub.2 sparge. About 3-4 hours of pre-corrosion time (i.e., with no corrosion inhibitor) was carried out before the inhibitors were injected.

[0077] The inhibited corrosion rate at about 15 hours after inhibitor injection was noted and a percentage inhibition was determined by comparing with the corrosion rate of a blank steel electrode under otherwise the same conditions at the same time in the test. Results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Dose (ppm based on Corrosion water Rate % Chemistry Activity phase) (mpy) Protection Blank N/A N/A 470 N/A [00006] 100 18 104 78 Thiglycolic acid 100 18 132 72

[0078] All of the compositions and methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While this invention may be embodied in many different forms, there are described in detail herein specific preferred embodiments of the invention. The present disclosure is an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments illustrated. In addition, unless expressly stated to the contrary, use of the term a is intended to include at least one or one or more. For example, a corrosion inhibitor compound is intended to include at least one corrosion inhibitor compound or one or more corrosion inhibitor compounds.

[0079] Any ranges given either in absolute terms or in approximate terms are intended to encompass both, and any definitions used herein are intended to be clarifying and not limiting. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all subranges (including all fractional and whole values) subsumed therein.

[0080] Any composition disclosed herein may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of any element, component and/or ingredient disclosed herein or any combination of two or more of the elements, components or ingredients disclosed herein.

[0081] Any method disclosed herein may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of any method step disclosed herein or any combination of two or more of the method steps disclosed herein.

[0082] The transitional phrase comprising, which is synonymous with including, containing, or characterized by, is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, un-recited elements, components, ingredients and/or method steps.

[0083] The transitional phrase consisting of excludes any element, component, ingredient, and/or method step not specified in the claim.

[0084] The transitional phrase consisting essentially of limits the scope of a claim to the specified elements, components, ingredients and/or steps, as well as those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention.

[0085] Unless specified otherwise, all molecular weights referred to herein are weight average molecular weights and all viscosities were measured at 25 C. with neat (not diluted) polymers.

[0086] As used herein, the term about refers to the cited value being within the errors arising from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements, and if those errors cannot be determined, then about may refer to, for example, within 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1% of the cited value.

[0087] Furthermore, the invention encompasses any and all possible combinations of some or all of the various embodiments described herein. It should also be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims.