MOBILE ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICE FOR ENERGY GENERATION, CONVERSION, AND DELIVERY

Abstract

A mobile energy harvesting device and method for using the same are described. In one embodiment, the device comprises a hull with a steering system, wherein the steering system steers the device. The device also includes a sail coupled to the hull and configured to propel the mobile energy harvesting device. An energy storage device is coupled to the hull and is configured to store energy. The device also further includes one or more energy generation devices configured to produce energy to be stored in the energy storage device. A control system is positioned in the hull and includes a control center communicatively coupled to a sensor, wherein the sensor detects input and communicates the input to the control center and the control center communicates with the steering system to steer the mobile energy harvesting device.

Claims

1. A mobile energy harvesting device for use in a body of water, the mobile energy harvesting device comprising: a hull configured to float on a body of water; a steering system coupled to the hull, wherein the steering system is configured to steer the mobile energy harvesting device in the body of water; a sail coupled to the hull and configured to propel the mobile energy harvesting device; an energy storage device coupled to the hull and configured to store energy; one or more energy generation devices coupled to the hull and configured to produce energy to be stored in the energy storage device by converting solar, wave, or wind energy to electrical energy; and a control system coupled to the hull, the control system comprising a control center communicatively coupled to a sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to detect one or more environmental inputs and to communicate the one or more environmental inputs to the control center, and wherein the control center communicates with the steering system to steer the mobile energy harvesting device based on the one or more environmental inputs.

2. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the one or more energy generation devices comprises one or more of a solar panel, a hydrogenerator, a wave energy generator, or a wind turbine.

3. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 2, wherein the solar panel is coupled to one the sail, the solar panel being configured to convert solar energy to electrical energy and to deliver the electrical energy to the energy storage device.

4. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 2, wherein the sail comprises two or more solar panels.

5. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 2, wherein the wave energy generator comprises: a generator shaft configured to rotate; and an extending member coupled to the generator shaft, wherein movement of the hull moves the extending member, and the movement of the extending member rotates the generator shaft and generates rotational energy, and wherein the wave energy generator converts rotational energy generated from the shaft to electrical energy, and delivers the electrical energy to the energy storage device.

6. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 5, wherein the generator shaft is coupled to two or more extending members.

7. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 2, wherein the hydrogenerator is configured to convert energy from movement of water or wind relative to the hull to electrical energy and deliver the electrical energy to the energy storage device.

8. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the sensor is one of a plurality of sensors, and wherein the plurality of sensors are configured to collect data for navigation, the plurality of sensors comprising one or more of a wind magnitude and direction sensor, a magnetometer, an accelerometer, or a global positioning system (GPS) sensor.

9. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 8, wherein the plurality of sensors are positioned on or in the hull.

10. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 8, wherein the control system adjusts one or more of a speed or a direction of the mobile energy harvesting device based on input from the plurality of sensors.

11. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the control system is configured to operate an actuation device to control a rudder of the steering system.

12. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the energy storage device is one or more of a battery or a hydrogen tank.

13. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the control system is configured to detect a storage level of the energy storage device.

14. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 1, wherein the mobile energy harvesting device navigates to a start point when the energy storage device reaches a predetermined storage level, the predetermined storage level being a percentage of a total storage level of the energy storage device.

15. A mobile energy harvesting device, the mobile energy harvesting device comprising: a hull comprising a front end longitudinally spaced from a rear end, a first side laterally spaced from a second side, and a top portion opposite a bottom portion; a steering system coupled to the hull, wherein the steering system steers the mobile energy harvesting device; a keel coupled to the bottom portion and extending below the hull; a sail coupled to the hull and configured to propel the mobile energy harvesting device; an energy storage device coupled to the hull and configured to store energy; one or more energy generation devices configured to produce energy to be stored in the energy storage device, the one or more energy generation devices comprising one or more of a solar panel, a hydrogenerator, a wave energy generator, or a wind turbine; and a control system positioned in the hull and configured to communicate with the steering system to steer the mobile energy harvesting device, wherein the solar panel converts solar energy to electrical energy, the hydrogenerator converts energy from movement of fluid relative to the hull to electrical energy, and the wave energy generator converts energy generated from movement of the hull into electrical energy.

16. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 15, further comprising a plurality of sensors for navigation, the plurality of sensors comprising one or more of a wind magnitude and direction sensor, a magnetometer, an accelerometer, or a global positioning system (GPS) sensor.

17. The mobile energy harvesting device of claim 15, wherein the control system is configured to detect a storage level of the energy storage device, and the mobile energy harvesting device navigates to a start point when the energy storage device reaches a predetermined storage level, the predetermined storage level being a percentage of total storage level of the energy storage device.

18. A method of generating energy by a mobile energy harvesting device, the method comprising: receiving input relating to environmental conditions by one or more sensors of the mobile energy harvesting device; controlling, by a control system, movement of the mobile energy harvesting device through a body of water by a steering system based on the input received from the one or more sensors, wherein the steering system comprises a sail; generating energy by converting solar or wave energy using one or more energy generation devices of the mobile energy harvesting device; and storing the generated energy in an energy storage device arranged in a hull of the mobile energy harvesting device.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: detecting a storage level of the energy storage device; and moving the mobile energy harvesting device to a starting location when the storage level of the energy storage device reaches a predetermined level.

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising: controlling, by a control system, movement of the mobile energy harvesting device through a body of water by the steering system based on input from a remote device.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The present invention will be understood more fully from the detailed description given below and from the accompanying drawings of various embodiments of the invention, which, however, should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific embodiments, but are for explanation and understanding only.

[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates a side perspective view of one embodiment of a mobile energy harvesting device for producing energy.

[0017] FIG. 2 illustrates a side view drawing of an embodiment of the mobile energy harvesting device.

[0018] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of components in the mobile energy harvesting device according to an embodiment.

[0019] FIG. 4 illustrates a side perspective view of an embodiment of a mobile energy harvesting device for producing energy.

[0020] FIG. 5 illustrates a hull of a mobile energy harvesting device according to an embodiment.

[0021] FIG. 6 illustrates a printed circuit board assembly for a mobile energy harvesting device according to an embodiment.

[0022] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of components in the mobile energy harvesting device according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide a more thorough explanation of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.

[0024] A mobile energy harvesting device is used to generate electricity to charge a battery. The mobile energy harvesting device may be placed in a body of water and generate electricity from the wind, sun and water to charge the battery. The mobile energy harvesting device may navigate to a location, such as the starting location or a delivery point, to provide the charged battery for use by an end user. In this way, the mobile energy harvesting device may operate autonomously to collect and deliver electricity using renewable energy sources.

[0025] Mobile energy harvesting device may be deployed to various locations and follow optimal energy generation conditions. Further, the mobile energy harvesting device has high survivability and can withstand or avoid storms. The mobile energy harvesting device is configured to be a compact and relatively low-cost device relative to larger scale renewable energy generation sources. By using water-based power generation, the mobile energy harvesting device preserves land space, and also occupies limited space in the water to avoid interfering with boats and wildlife.

[0026] A system and method for a mobile energy harvesting device that generates energy from one or more of a body of water, the wind, or the sun, and converts the energy to electrical energy that is storable in an energy storage device positioned on or in the mobile energy harvesting device is described. In some examples, the energy harvesting device may include one or more of a solar panel, hydrogenerator, wave energy generator, or wind turbine, among other energy generation devices. The mobile energy harvesting device includes a control system that senses inputs and steers the mobile energy harvesting device based on the sensed inputs to maximize energy generation.

[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates a side perspective view of one embodiment of a mobile energy harvesting device 100 positioned in a body of water W. The mobile energy harvesting device 100 may include a body. The body may support the one or more energy generation devices and other components as described herein. The body may be buoyant so as to float on a surface of a body of water. In some embodiments, the body may include a hull 104. Hull 104 may have a front end 106, a rear end 108, a first side 110, a second side 112, a top portion 114, and a bottom portion 116. In some embodiments, hull 104 may have one or more shapes, such as a rectangular shape, a conical shape, tubular shape, teardrop shape, or any other shape. In some examples, hull 104 may resemble a boat, such as a sailboat, or may resemble a torpedo. Hull 104 may be buoyant in water.

[0028] According to some examples, the mobile energy harvesting device 100 may further include a steering system 118 for controlling a direction and/or speed of movement of mobile energy harvesting device 100. In some embodiments, steering system may include a keel 120 below the water surface. Steering system 118 may include one or more sails 122. The steering system 118 may be coupled to hull 104. In some embodiments, the steering system 118 may include a rudder 144. Rudder 144 may be coupled to rear end 108 of hull via a rudder mount 146, and the rudder 144 may steer mobile energy harvesting device 100. In some examples, steering system 118 may be communicatively coupled to the control system 128. Keel 120 may be coupled to the bottom portion 116 of hull 104 and may extend below hull 104. In some examples, when the mobile energy harvesting device 100 is positioned in the body of water W, keel 120 may be submerged under the body of water W. Keel 120 may be configured to reduce or prevent lateral movement of the mobile energy harvesting device 100 from an external force, such as from wind. In some examples, keel 120 may be configured to prevent the mobile energy harvesting device 100 from rotating in the water, or may increase force required to rotate the energy harvesting device 100 in the body of water W. For example, keel 120 may prevent the mobile energy harvesting device 100 from rotating to an upside-down position in the body of water W.

[0029] In some examples, the mobile energy harvesting device 100 may include a propulsion system. The propulsion system may include one or more of a sail 122, or an engine. The propulsion system may propel mobile energy harvesting device 100 through the body of water W. In some examples, the propulsion system includes the sail 122, and the sail 122 may be coupled to the top portion 114 of hull 104. Sail may be mounted on a post that is rotatably coupled to hull 104 so that sail 122 can be oriented in a particular direction. The sail 122 may propel the mobile energy harvesting device 100 through the body of water W via wind. In some examples, one or more of the sail 122 or the rudder 144 may be remotely controllable.

[0030] Mobile energy harvesting device 100 may include an energy storage device 124 and one or more energy generation devices 126. Energy storage device 124 may be coupled to the mobile energy harvesting device 100 and may be configured to receive and store electrical energy. For example, the energy storage device 124 may be positioned on or in the mobile energy harvesting device 100. In some examples, the energy storage device 124 may be a battery that is configured to store electrical energy. The energy storage device 124 may include a hydrogen tank for storing hydrogen. The hydrogen storage tank may store pressurized hydrogen gas, or may store the hydrogen as a liquid. In some embodiments, the storage device 124 may have a maximum storage level and a minimum storage level. The storage device 124 may store energy up to the maximum storage level, and may store energy at as low as the minimum storage level. In examples including a hydrogen tank, the hydrogen tank may be store hydrogen under pressure and the hydrogen may be hydrogen gas. In some examples, the energy storage device 124 may store energy and may be transported via the mobile energy harvesting device 100.

[0031] In some embodiments, the one or more energy generation devices 126 may include one or more of a solar panel 134, hydrogenerator 136, or wave energy generator 138. The use of different types of energy generation devices may help to maximize energy production in different conditions. On a calm, sunny day, significant power may be generated by solar panels, but little energy generated by the wave energy generator 138. In contrast, on a cloudy or windy day, the solar panels 134 may generate relatively little energy, whereas the wave energy generator 138 or hydrogenerator 136 may generate more energy. Further, the multiple energy generation devices may provide redundancy so that energy is collected if one energy generation device is not functioning properly. In some examples, one or more solar panels 134 may be coupled to one or more of the sail 122 or hull 104. In some examples, one or more solar panels 134 may be coupled to the first side 110 of hull 104 and the second side 112 of hull 104. In some examples, two solar panels 134 may be coupled to one side of the sail 122. In an example, two solar panels 134 may be coupled to the sail 122 and two solar panels 134 may be coupled to hull 104 with one solar panel 134 coupled to the first side 110 and another solar panel 134 coupled to the second side 112. The one or more solar panels 134 may be in electrical communication with the energy storage device 124. In some examples, the one or more solar panels 134 may convert solar energy into electrical energy and the electrical energy may be delivered to and stored via the energy storage device 124.

[0032] According to some embodiments, hydrogenerator 136 may be coupled to bottom portion 116 of hull 104. Hydrogenerator 136 may be positioned closer to front end 106 than to rear end 108 of hull 104. The hydrogenerator 136 may extend downward from the bottom portion 116 when hull 104 is positioned upright in the body of water W. More specifically, the hydrogenerator 136 may include a coupling member 148 coupled to the bottom portion 116 of hull 104, and a turbine 152 rotatably coupled to the coupling member 148 via a hub 150. In some examples, movement of the mobile energy harvesting device 100 through fluid may rotate turbine 152 and hub 150 relative to the coupling member 148. Hydrogenerator 136 may convert rotational energy of turbine 152 and hub 150 to electrical energy, and may deliver the electrical energy to energy storage device 124.

[0033] In some embodiments, the wave energy generator 138 may be positioned in the keel 120. According to some embodiments, the wave energy generator 138 may be located towards the bottom of the keel 120. The wave energy generator 138 may include a generator shaft 140 with one or more extending members 142 coupled to the generator shaft 140. Extending members 142 may include, for example, a pendulum or oscillating mass. In some embodiments, the generator shaft 140 may include two or more extending members 142. The generator shaft 140 may be rotatably coupled to the wave energy generator 138. In some examples, the one or more extending members 142 may be fixedly or movably coupled to the generator shaft 140. According to some embodiments, the wave energy generator 138 may also include a one way clutch, such that generator shaft 140 rotates in one direction. In some examples, the generator shaft 140 may rotate in a clockwise direction 154. In other examples, the generator shaft 140 may rotate in a direction opposite the clockwise direction 154 (i.e., in a counter-clockwise direction). According to some examples, movement of hull 104 may move the keel 120, and the movement of the keel may rotate the generator shaft 140 thereby creating rotational energy. The one-way clutch may enable the generator shaft 140 to rotate in the clockwise direction 154 or in the direction opposite the clockwise direction 154. The one or more extending members 142 may increase rotation of the generator shaft 140 relative to the same wave energy generator 138 without one or more extending members 142. In some examples, the wave energy generator 138 may convert rotational energy from the generator shaft 140 to electrical energy and the electrical energy may be delivered to the energy storage device 124.

[0034] In some examples, the mobile energy harvesting device 100 may include a control system 128 for navigating the mobile energy harvesting device 100 through the body of water W. Control system 128 may be at least partially positioned in hull 104. Control system 128 may be fully enclosed within hull 104 to protect electronics from exposure to water. The control system 128 may include a control center 130 and one or more sensors 132 for navigation. In some examples, the control center 130 may include one or more controllers. Control center 130 may include one or more microcontrollers. Microcontrollers may be arranged on a printed circuit board assembly comprising a plurality of slots for sensors or actuators, as described in further detail herein. The control system 128 may be communicatively coupled to the steering system 118 to steer the mobile energy harvesting device 100.

[0035] In some embodiments, the control center 130 may be communicatively coupled to the one or more sensors 132. The one or more sensors 132 may detect input and communicate input to the control center 130. The control center 130 may communicate with one or more of the steering system 118 or the propulsion system to navigate the mobile energy harvesting device 100. In some examples, the control center 130 may communicate with the steering system to actuate the rudder 144. In some examples, the control center 130 may communicate with the propulsion system to change the trim of the sail 122 or to otherwise adjust the sail 122. The control center 130 may communicate with one or more of the steering system 118 and the propulsion system to adjust one or more of the speed or direction of the mobile energy harvesting device 100. According to some embodiments, the control center 130 may receive input from a remote device.

[0036] The one or more sensors 132 may be positioned inside of or our outside of hull 104. The one or more sensors 132 may include a wind magnitude and direction sensor, a magnetometer, an accelerometer, or a GPS sensor. Additional sensors may include a dissolved oxygen sensor, a CDT sensor, a pH sensor, fluorometer, nutrient sensor, or wave height sensor. The input detected by the one or more sensors 132 may include the wind sensor to detect a wind magnitude or a wind direction. The magnetic sensor may detect a strength, direction, or relative change of a magnetic field at a particular location. The gyroscope, accelerometer, or the like may detect acceleration of the mobile energy harvesting device. The global positioning system (GPS) chip may collect location data, such as, for example, one or more of location, velocity, or time. In some examples, one sensor may measure multiple inputs. In other examples, there may be one sensor for each of the inputs. In still other examples, one sensor may measure more than one, but less than all of the input.

[0037] The control center 130 may use input from the one or more sensors 132 to optimize or maximize energy generated from the one or more energy generation devices 126 and stored in the energy storage device 124. In some examples, the control center 130 may position the mobile energy harvesting device 100 such that the solar panel 134 is positioned in the sun and producing optimal or maximum energy. In some examples, the control center may position the mobile energy harvesting device 100 into wind or into current such that the hydrogenerator 136 produces optimal or maximum output. In some examples, the control center 130 may orient the mobile energy harvesting device 100 in a particular orientation relative to the waves such that the wave energy generator 138 produces optimal or maximum output. The control center 130 may also consider more than one energy generation device 126 to determine the position of the mobile energy harvesting device 100 such that the total energy generated by all of the one or more energy generation devices 126 is optimized or maximized. For example, the control center 130 may position the mobile energy harvesting device 100 such that the solar panel and hydrogenerator are producing maximum or optimized energy, but the wave energy generator is not producing optimal or maximum output.

[0038] For example, if the waves in the body of water W are too large, such that they are inhibiting the solar panel 134 or hydrogenerator from producing optimal energy, the control center 130 may communicate with the steering system 118 to navigate the mobile energy harvesting device 100 to a location with less waves, such that the solar panel and hydrogenerator are producing optimal energy. In some examples, the control center 130 may use input from the one or more sensors 132 as a safety feature. For example, if the one or more sensors 132 detect large waves, high wind speeds, or other indications of a storm, control center 130 may communicate with the steering system 118 to navigate the mobile energy harvesting device 100 away from the storm.

[0039] In some embodiments, control system 128 may be communicatively coupled to a remote device, such as, for example, a computer, remote server, cell phone, or another remote device. In some examples, the remote device may be an on-shore device. The remote device may instruct the control system 128 to execute an action. According to some embodiments, the remote device may instruct the control system 128 to return to a particular location. The remote device may instruct the control system 128 to return to a starting location (i.e. the remote device may recall mobile energy harvesting device 100), may instruct the control system 128 to navigate to another location within the body of water W to continue generating, converting, and storing energy, or the remote device may instruct the control system 128 to deliver the energy storage device to a particular locations. In some examples, the instructions from the remote device may override any other input communicated to the control system 128.

[0040] According to some examples, the mobile energy harvesting device 100 may move through the body of water W by the steering and propulsion systems. Energy may be generated via the one or more energy generation devices 126. The energy generated from the one or more energy generation devices 126 may be stored in the energy storage device 124, which may be positioned on hull 104 of the mobile energy harvesting device 100. When the storage level reaches a predetermined level, the mobile energy harvesting device 100 may navigate to the starting location or a start point for recovery by an operator. The stored energy may then be used, such as to power other devices. In some examples, the predetermined storage level may be a percentage of total storage of the energy storage device, for example 70%, 80% or 90% of total storage capacity. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors 132 may sense input and communicate the input to the control center 130. The control center 130 may communicate with the steering and propulsion system to steer the mobile energy harvesting device 100.

[0041] According to some examples, the energy storage device 124 may include a sensor that detects the storage level of the energy storage device 124. For example, the sensor may detect the level of the energy storage device 124 as a percentage of total capacity, as a fraction of total capacity, or in any other way known in the art. The sensor may communicate the level of the energy storage device 124 with the control system 128. The sensor may communicate with the control system 128 in real-time, or may communicate only when one or more predetermined levels are reached. For example, the predetermined level may be 75%, and once the energy storage device 124 reaches a 75% of storage capacity, sensor may communicate with the control system 128. In other examples, the predetermined level may be 100%. In another example, the predetermined levels may be 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. In some examples, when the sensor communicates a predetermined level, the control system 128 may execute an action, such as, for example, changing the direction or speed of the mobile energy harvesting device 100. In some examples, the control system may navigate the mobile energy harvesting device 100 to a starting location, or to another location.

[0042] Referring now to FIG. 2, another embodiment of a mobile harvesting device 200 is illustrated, wherein the mobile energy harvesting device 200 is positioned in a body of water 202. This mobile harvesting device 200 may be similar to the mobile harvesting device 100 of FIG. 1 and may include the same features except as noted. For example, the mobile harvesting device 200 may include a hull 204, with a steering system including a rudder and propulsion system including a sail 222. The mobile energy harvesting device 200 may include one or more energy generation devices 226 and an energy storage device. In some examples, the one or more energy generation devices 226 may include a solar panel 234, a hydrogenerator, or a wave energy generator. As shown in the illustrative example of FIG. 2, hull 204 may include one or more shapes, such as, for example, a conical shape and/or a tubular shape.

[0043] Also similar to the mobile energy harvesting device 100 of FIG. 1, the mobile energy harvesting device 200 may include a control system with a control center and one or more sensors. The control center may communicate with the one or more sensors and with one or more of the steering system and propulsion system. The control system may also position the mobile energy harvesting device 200 to maximize or optimize the energy generation and storage, as explained above. Also as explained above, once the energy storage device reaches a predetermined level, the mobile energy harvesting device 200 may navigate to a particular location.

[0044] FIG. 3 illustrates one example of a control system 300 for the mobile energy harvesting device 100, 200. The control system 300 may include a control center 302, input 308, and output 316. The control center 302 may include a memory unit 304 and a processor 306. The memory unit 304 may generally include instructions stored therein that are executable by processor 306 of the control center 302 to control operation of the mobile energy harvesting device 100, 200. It will be understood that this disclosure contemplates other embodiments in which the control center 302 is not microprocessor-based, but is configured to control the operation of the mobile energy harvesting device 100, 200 based on one or more sets of hardwired instructions and/or software instructions stored in the memory unit 304.

[0045] In some embodiments, the control center 302 may be coupled to input 308. The input 308 may include one or more navigation sensors 310. The one or more navigation sensors 310 may be similar to the one or more sensors 132 in FIG. 1. For example, the navigation sensors 310 nay include a wind magnitude and direction sensor, a magnetometer, an accelerometer, or a GPS sensor. In some examples, the one or more navigation sensors 310 may detect a wind magnitude; a wind direction; a strength, direction, or relative change of a magnetic field at a particular location; acceleration of the sensor; or global positioning system (GPS) data, such as, for example, one or more of location, velocity, or time.

[0046] The control center 302 may also be in communication with a remote device 312. Control center 302 may include communication components, such as an antenna, for wireless communication with the remote device 312. Communication may include short range or long range communication. Communication between components of the mobile energy harvesting device and/or with remote device may include, for example, an X-Bee communication device. Control center 302 may communicate data from the sensors to remote device 312. In some examples, the remote device may communicate instructions to the control center 302 and the control center may execute the instructions. In an example, the remote device may provide instructions for the mobile energy harvesting device 100, 200 to navigate to a location. Remote device 312 may monitor mobile energy harvesting device 100. Remote device 312 may have greater computing power than mobile energy harvesting device 100 so that mobile energy harvesting device may conserve power and use less computing resources.

[0047] The control center 302 may also be coupled to an energy storage level sensor 314. In some examples, the energy storage level sensor 314 may detect the level of available storage capacity in an energy storage device. The sensor may communicate the energy storage level to the control center 302.

[0048] The control center 302 may also be coupled to output 316. In some examples, the output 316 may include one or more of a steering system 318 or a propulsion system 320. In some examples, the steering system may include a rudder and the propulsion system 320 may include a sail. According to some examples, the control center may move one or more of the rudder via the steering system 318 or the sail via the propulsion system 320 to navigate the mobile energy harvesting device 100, 200.

[0049] A mobile energy harvesting device 400 according to an embodiment is shown in FIG. 4. Mobile energy harvesting device 400 may include the same features and functions as described above with respect to mobile energy harvesting device 100 except as noted herein. Mobile energy harvesting device 400 includes a body or hull 404. Body or hull 404 is buoyant and is configured to float on the water and to support one or more components of mobile energy harvesting device 400. Mobile energy harvesting device may include a steering system 418 and a propulsion system 421 for controlling navigation of mobile energy harvesting device 400. Steering system and propulsion system 418, 421 may be in communication with a control system 428 that controls operation of mobile energy harvesting device, such as based on input from one or more sensors 432. Sensors 432 may collect data that is used by control system 428 for navigation and guidance to locations that maximize energy generation and/or avoid locations with poor environmental conditions. Mobile energy harvesting device 400 includes one or more energy generation devices 426 that generate electrical energy and an energy storage device 424 for storing energy collected by the energy generation device 426.

[0050] Propulsion system 421 of mobile energy harvesting device 400 may be coupled to hull 404. Propulsion system 421 may include one or more sails 422. Sails 422 may be mounted on one or more masts 425. Masts 425 may be controlled by control system 428, such as to adjust the orientation of sails. Mobile energy harvesting device 400 includes a steering system 418. Steering system 418 may include one or more rudders 444. Rudders 444 may be coupled to hull 404 directly or via a rudder mount 446. As shown in FIG. 4, a first rudder 444 is arranged at front end 406 of hull 404, and a second rudder 444 is arranged at a rear end 408 of hull 404. The use of two rudders 444 facilitates maneuvering upwind or against the wind, such as by a crab sailing strategy. During upwind maneuvering, the coordinated use of two rudders can reduce stall and help maintain momentum, avoiding getting caught in irons or otherwise sailing directly into the wind. Further, with two rudders, control of mobile energy harvesting device 400 is more stable in turbulent or windy conditions. The second rudder increase yaw control and allows for a tighter turning radius.

[0051] In some embodiments, mobile energy harvesting device 400 may include a drone or unmanned aerial vehicle 480. Drone 480 may be in communication with mobile energy harvesting device 400, such as via control system 428. Drone 480 may be deployed for aerial surveys to perform visual inspection of surrounding waters, shoreline mapping, plume tracking, or supplementing surface measurements with aerial imaging data. Drone 480 may communicate the collected data or images to mobile energy harvesting device 400. Control system 428 may use the data from drone 480 as an input to control operation of mobile energy harvesting device 400, such as to determine a location for mobile energy harvesting device to navigate to, or to determine locations for mobile energy harvesting device to avoid, or to help determine a route to a destination. Energy harvesting device 400 may include a launch system 482 attached to the hull 404 for supporting drone 480 when drone 480 is not in use. Launch system 482 may include a platform that extends upwardly from a top portion 414 of hull 404 such that drone 480 is elevated above the water surface.

[0052] Mobile energy harvesting device 400 may include one or more energy generation devices 426, such as one or more solar panels 434, hydrogenerators, 436, or wave energy generators 438, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, energy generation device 426 may include alternatively or additionally include one or more wind turbines 439. Wind turbine 439 may be a vertical axis wind turbine. A vertical axis wind turbine provides omnidirectional wind capture, which is advantageous in highly variable wind conditions frequently encountered in marine environments. As shown in FIG. 4, wind turbine 439 may be arranged at a rear end 408 of hull 404, and may extend upward from top portion 414 of hull 404. Wind turbine 439 may power a generator to generate electrical energy. Electrical energy is stored in energy storage device 424, such as one or more batteries. Energy storage device 424 is arranged in hull 404. Energy storage device 424 may include an energy management system 425.

[0053] Mobile energy harvesting device 400 may include one or more sensors 432 for detecting environmental inputs such as for navigation and steering of mobile energy harvesting device, and/or to collect data. Sensors 432 may be in communication with control system 428. Control system 428 may include a printed circuit board assembly 460 that includes a microcontroller and slots for coupling to the one or more sensors 432. Printed circuit board assembly 460 may allow for ease of removal of sensors, such as due to damage or malfunction of sensors, to allow for addition of new sensors, such as to replace a damaged sensor or to allow for collecting different types of data.

[0054] In some embodiments, a wind sensor 432 may be arranged on a mast 425 of mobile energy harvesting device 400 to which sail 422 is mounted. Wind sensor 432 may be arranged at an uppermost end of mast 425. In this way wind sensor 432 is at a highest point on mobile energy harvesting device 400 to best detect wind conditions. Wind sensor 432 may be configured to detect wind speed, direction, or both. Wind sensor 432 may be in communication with control system 428 such that control system 428 may operate steering and propulsion systems 418, 421 based on input from wind sensor 432, among inputs other sensors 432 or from remote devices. In alternate embodiments, wind sensor 432 may be arranged on other portions of mobile energy harvesting device 400, such as on hull 404, or on a lower portion of mast 425. Control system 428 may use input from sensors to navigate to a location that maximizes energy generation, such as an area with high wind speed (to power wind turbine), high sun exposure (to power solar panels), or with optimal wave conditions (to power hydrogenerator or wave energy generator). Control system 428 may use input from sensors to navigate away from locations with poor environmental conditions that negatively impact energy generation or that may create a risk of damage to mobile energy harvesting device, e.g., a storm with excessive wind or high wave conditions. Control system 428 may further communicate data to a remote device, such as a computer of an operator, and the operator may control the mobile energy harvesting device or communicate instructions for the mobile energy harvesting device to navigate to a particular location.

[0055] In some embodiments, mobile energy harvesting device 400 may include a water sampling mechanism 490. Water sampling mechanism 490 may be configured to automatically collect water samples. Mobile energy harvesting device 400 may include sensors and/or reagents to analyze the water sample, such as for dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrients, the presence of bacteria, toxins, metals, among other components in the water or water sample. Alternatively, or additionally, water sample may be collected and stored by mobile energy harvesting device 400 for analysis on land, such as in a laboratory. Mobile energy harvesting device 400 may include one or more sensors 432 for detecting environmental conditions and may automatically operate water sampling mechanism 490 to collect a water sample when a threshold level of a component is detected in the water, such as based on a detected levels of a pollutant or toxin being above a predetermined level. In this way, mobile energy harvesting device 400 may also be used for environmental monitoring and analysis to detect algal blooms, pollutant spikes, or other anomalies. In some embodiments, water sampling mechanism 490 may be remotely operated to collect a sample. Water sampling mechanism 490 may be in communication with control system 428, and control system 428 may be in communication with a remote device, such as a computer of an operator of mobile energy harvesting device 400.

[0056] Mobile energy harvesting device 400 may include one or more wave energy generators 438. Wave energy generator 438 may be integrated into a keel 420 extending from a bottom portion 416 of hull 404. As shown in FIG. 4, a first wave energy generator 438 is arranged a lower end of keel 420 to capture roll-induced motion for power generation. Mobile energy harvesting device 400 may include a second wave energy generator 438. Second wave energy generator 438 may be arranged generally parallel to keel 420. Second wave energy generator 438 may further enhance energy capture from the mobile energy harvesting device's rolling dynamics. Wave energy generator 438 may include a pendulum or oscillating mass mounted along a longitudinal axis of hull 404, and aligned parallel to keel 420. By aligning the wave energy generator 438 with keel 420, the wave energy generator 438 can operate in a complementary mode, tuned to a different natural frequency, to enable energy capture across a broader range of wave conditions and motion.

[0057] A hull 504 of a mobile energy harvesting device according to an embodiment is shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 5 shows a hull 504 having a tubular shape. Hull 504 may be hollow so as to define an interior volume in which one or more components of mobile energy harvesting device can be arranged. Tubular hull 504 may include a first end opposite a second end. Each end of hull 504 may be sealed to prevent ingress of water into hull 504. One or both ends may be removably attached to hull 504, such as via an end cap 506, that allows for an operator to access components within hull 504.

[0058] Hull 504 may include an energy storage device 524, such as a battery, for storing electrical energy generated or collected by energy generation devices (e.g., solar panel, hydrogenerator, wave energy generator, or wind turbine). One or more sensors 532 as described herein may be arranged within hull 504. Control system 528 may be arranged in hull 504 and may be in communication with energy storage device 524 and sensors 532. Control system 528 may further be operably coupled to propulsion system 521. An actuation device 523, such as a servomotor, may be used to control rotation of a mast 525 and thus the orientation of sails mounted to the mast and the orientation of solar panels mounted on the sails. Mast 525 may extend from an interior of hull 504 through an opening to an exterior of hull 504. Propulsion system 521 may include a mount 527 for supporting mast 525, and may include one or more seals 529 to prevent ingress of water into hull 504.

[0059] A printed circuit board assembly 600 according to an embodiment for use with a control system for a mobile energy harvesting device as described herein is shown in FIG. 6. Printed circuit board assembly 600 is configured for flexibility and rapid deployment, as printed circuit board assembly 600 supports a wide variety of sensors and can be used with various communication protocols, including inter-integrated circuit (I2C), Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART), analog, and digital interfaces. The modular design that is not limited to a specific protocol enables plug and play capability, and eliminates the need for time-consuming hardware redesign if it is desired to add or remove sensors.

[0060] Printed circuit board assembly 600 may include a main printed circuit board 602 and a secondary printed circuit board 604. Main printed circuit board 602 may be connected to secondary printed circuit board 604. Main printed circuit board 602 includes a plurality of microcontrollers. In FIG. 6, main printed circuit board 602 includes a first microcontroller 610, and a second microcontroller 612. First and second microcontrollers, 610, 612 may operate in sync, ensuring redundancy and providing parallel processing capability. Main printed circuit board 602 includes an onboard SD card slot 620 for data logging. Main printed circuit board 602 includes a real-time clock 630 for time-stamping data. Main printed circuit board 602 may include dual battery inputs 640, wherein a first battery input 640 remains on standby to ensure uninterrupted power supply when mobile energy harvesting device is in use on the water for an extended period of time. Main printed circuit board 602 may include one or more voltage regulators 660.

[0061] Secondary printed circuit board 604 may include a plurality of slots 650 for sensors as described herein or actuators, including servomotors, among other components. The plurality of slots may include 10 or more slots, 20 or more, or 30 or more slots. In this way, the printed circuit board assembly 600 allows for easy scalability to add further sensors or actuators, and greatly simplifies assembly.

[0062] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of components in a mobile energy harvesting device according to an embodiment. Control system 700 of mobile energy harvesting device may include a microcontroller 710 in communication with a plurality of sensors. Microcontroller 710 may be arranged on a printed circuit board assembly as discussed herein. Sensors may include one or more control sensors 712, such as a magnetometer, wind magnitude and/or direction sensor, and GPS sensor. Input from the control sensors may be used for navigation and guidance of mobile energy harvesting device. Microcontroller 710 may further be in communication with one or more data sensors 714. Data sensors 714 may be configured to collect data about the environment, which may be used for monitoring and analysis, among other purposes. Data sensors 714 may include a dissolved oxygen sensor, a conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) sensor, a pH sensor, a fluorometer, a nutrient sensor, or a wave height sensor, or a combination thereof.

[0063] Microcontroller 710 may further be coupled to a communication device 720, such as a transmitter, receiver, transceiver, antenna, or the like. Communication device 720 may include an X-Bee device. Communication device 720 may be configured to allow for communication between microcontroller 710 and other components of mobile energy harvesting device and/or to allow for communication between microcontroller and one or more remote devices, such as a remote computer of an operator, a server or cloud, a drone as described herein, among other remote devices. Mobile energy harvesting device may communicate with remote devices via any of various wireless communication methods. Communication device 720 may receive input or commands from the remote devices, such as commands to navigate to a particular location or to change speed, direction, orientation of mast, among other inputs or commands that allow remote operation and control of one or more functions of mobile energy harvesting device. Microcontroller 710 may communicate data via communication device 720 to the remote device, such as data collected by sensors, data about energy collection, or status of the energy storage device.

[0064] Microcontroller 710 may be in communication with one or more actuation devices 740 such as for controlling propulsion and steering of the mobile energy harvesting device. Microcontroller 710 may control actuation devices 740 based on input from sensors 712, 714 and/or remote devices 720. Actuation devices 740 may control steering and propulsion systems. A first actuation device may be configured to control the position of the sail. First actuation device may include a servomotor. A second actuation device may be configured to control the rudder. The second actuation device may be a servomotor. Additional actuation devices may be included to control additional components, such as a second rudder, water sampling mechanism, among other components of mobile energy harvesting device.

[0065] Microcontroller 710 is coupled to energy storage device 730, such as one or more batteries. Energy storage device 730 is operably coupled to the one or more energy generation devices 732, such as a solar generator, hydrogenerator, wave energy generator, or wind turbine, among others to receive and store electrical energy generated by the energy generation devices 732.

[0066] Embodiments of the present technology may be described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations of methods and systems according to embodiments of the technology, and/or procedures, algorithms, steps, operations, formulae, or other computational depictions, which may also be implemented as computer program products. In this regard, each block or step of a flowchart, and combinations of blocks (and/or steps) in a flowchart, as well as any procedure, algorithm, step, operation, formula, or computational depiction can be implemented by various means, such as hardware, firmware, and/or software including one or more computer program instructions embodied in computer-readable program code. As will be appreciated, any such computer program instructions may be executed by one or more computer processors, including without limitation a general purpose computer or special purpose computer, or other programmable processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the computer program instructions which execute on the computer processor(s) or other programmable processing apparatus create means for implementing the function(s) specified.

[0067] Accordingly, blocks of the flowcharts, and procedures, algorithms, steps, operations, formulae, or computational depictions described herein support combinations of means for performing the specified function(s), combinations of steps for performing the specified function(s), and computer program instructions, such as embodied in computer-readable program code logic means, for performing the specified function(s). It will also be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations, as well as any procedures, algorithms, steps, operations, formulae, or computational depictions and combinations thereof described herein, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems which perform the specified function(s) or step(s), or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer-readable program code. Furthermore, these computer program instructions, such as embodied in computer-readable program code, may also be stored in one or more computer-readable memory or memory devices that can direct a computer processor or other programmable processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory or memory devices produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the block(s) of the flowchart(s). The computer program instructions may also be executed by a computer processor or other programmable processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer processor or other programmable processing apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer processor or other programmable processing apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the block(s) of the flowchart(s), procedure(s) algorithm(s), step(s), operation(s), formula(e), or computational depiction(s).

[0068] It will further be appreciated that the terms programming or program executable as used herein refer to one or more instructions that can be executed by one or more computer processors to perform one or more functions as described herein. The instructions can be embodied in software, in firmware, or in a combination of software and firmware. The instructions can be stored local to the device in non-transitory media, or can be stored remotely such as on a server, or all or a portion of the instructions can be stored locally and remotely. Instructions stored remotely can be downloaded (pushed) to the device by user initiation, or automatically based on one or more factors.

[0069] It will further be appreciated that as used herein, that the terms processor, hardware processor, computer processor, central processing unit (CPU), and computer are used synonymously to denote a device capable of executing the instructions and communicating with input/output interfaces and/or peripheral devices, and that the terms processor, hardware processor, computer processor, CPU, and computer are intended to encompass single or multiple devices, single core and multicore devices, and variations thereof.

[0070] In the claims, reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean one and only one unless explicitly so stated, but rather one or more. All structural, and functional equivalents to the elements of the disclosed embodiments that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed as a means plus function element unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase means for. No claim element herein is to be construed as a step plus function element unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase step for.

[0071] In addition to any other claims, the applicant(s)/inventor(s) claim each and every embodiment of the technology described herein, as well as any aspect, component, or element of any embodiment described herein, and any combination of aspects, components or elements of any embodiment described herein.

[0072] Whereas many alterations and modifications of the present invention will no doubt become apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art after having read the foregoing description, it is to be understood that any particular embodiment shown and described by way of illustration is in no way intended to be considered limiting. Therefore, references to details of various embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims which in themselves recite only those features regarded as essential to the invention.