PREPARATION METHOD FOR INTERMEDIATE COMPOUND ACTING AS SYNTHETIC POSACONAZOLE, AND INTERMEDIATE COMPOUND PREPARED THEREBY

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a compound as an intermediate for synthesizing the drug posaconazole and the intermediate compounds prepared thereby. The method for preparing a compound of Formula I provided in the present disclosure comprises: firstly reacting 4-(2,4-difluorophenyl) pent-4-enoate or its reduction product 4-(2,4-difluorophenyl) pent-4-enal as a starting material with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde in the presence of a chiral catalyst, and then subjecting the reaction product to a characteristic oxidation, an esterification, a halogenation and cyclization reaction, finally a hydrolysis and an acid treatment. The preparation method of the present disclosure has advantages such as mild reaction conditions, simple reaction process, and high overall yield and high purity of target products, and thus is suitable for industrial production.

##STR00001##

Claims

1. A method for preparing a compound of Formula I as an intermediate for posaconazole, ##STR00043## the method comprises the following step (1): hydrolyzing a compound of Formula II in a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and water under an alkaline condition, and then subjecting the hydrolysate to an acid treatment to obtain the compound of Formula I, ##STR00044## wherein X is Cl, Br or I, and R.sub.1 is an ester protection group.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.1-8 alkyl-substituted C.sub.6-10 aryl, benzyl, C.sub.1-8 alkyl-substituted benzyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy-substituted benzyl and halogenated benzyl; preferably, R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-8 alkyl, benzyl, C.sub.1-8 alkyl-substituted benzyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy-substituted benzyl and halogenated benzyl.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis in the step (1) is carried out in the presence of one or more bases selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acid treatment comprises adjusting a pH of an aqueous phase obtained after the reaction to 23 with one or more organic acids or inorganic acids; preferably, an organic amine is added to the solution obtained after the acid treatment to obtain an amine salt of the compound of Formula I.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula II is prepared by a method comprising the following steps (2) to (5): step (2): reacting a compound of Formula VI with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde in an organic solvent in the presence of a chiral catalyst to obtain a compound of Formula V; step (3): subjecting the compound of Formula V to a Pinnick oxidation using NaClO.sub.2 and NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4 in the presence of a scavenger to obtain a compound of Formula IV; step (4): reacting the compound of Formula IV with a halohydrocarbon R.sub.1X under an alkaline condition to obtain a compound of Formula III; and step (5): subjecting the compound of Formula III to a halogenation and cyclization reaction in the presence of a halogenated reagent containing halogen X to obtain the compound of Formula II, or step (2): reacting a compound of Formula VI with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde in an organic solvent in the presence of a chiral catalyst to obtain a compound of Formula V; step (3): subjecting the compound of Formula V to a Pinnick oxidation using NaClO.sub.2 and NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4 in the presence of a scavenger, and adding an organic amine compound to obtain an organic amine salt of the compound of Formula IV; step (4): reacting the organic amine salt of the compound of Formula IV with a halohydrocarbon R.sub.1X under an alkaline condition to obtain a compound of Formula III; and step (5): subjecting the compound of Formula III to a halogenation and cyclization reaction in the presence of a halogenated reagent containing halogen X to obtain the compound of Formula II, ##STR00045## wherein X and R.sub.1 are as defined above.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the chiral catalyst used in the step (2) is a compound of the following formula: ##STR00046## wherein R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, benzyl, 4-methylbenzyl and phenyl, and Ph represents phenyl.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the Pinnick oxidation is performed in an acetonitrile-water solution in the presence of NaClO.sub.2 and NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4; preferably, the scavenger is one or more selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, aminosulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-butene, dimethyl sulfoxide and hydrogen peroxide.

8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the halogenated reagent containing halogen X used in the step (5) is one or more selected from the group consisting of halogen, dichlorohydantoin, dibromohydantoin, diiodohydantoin, N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and N-iodosuccinimide (NIS); preferably, the organic amine is one or more selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, cyclopropylamine, n-butylamine, tert-butylamine, n-pentylamine, isopentylamine, tert-pentylamine, cyclopentylamine, hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, phenylamine, phenylethylamine and benzylamine.

9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the compound of Formula VI is prepared by reducing a compound of Formula X: ##STR00047## preferably, the reducing agent used for the reduction is one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, potassium cyanoborohydride, borane, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and Red-Al.

10. A method for preparing a compound of Formula IX as a key intermediate for posaconazole from a compound of Formula II, comprising the following step (1) and steps (6) to (8): step (1): hydrolyzing a compound of Formula II in a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and water under an alkaline condition, and then subjecting the hydrolysate to an acid treatment to obtain the compound of Formula I; step (6): reducing the compound of Formula I in an organic solvent in the presence of a reducing agent at a temperature in a range of 55 C. to obtain a compound of Formula VII; step (7): reacting the compound of Formula VII with 1,2,4-triazole in an organic solvent in the presence of a base and a phase transfer catalyst to obtain a compound of Formula VIII; and step (8): reacting the compound of Formula VIII with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in an organic solvent under an alkaline condition to obtain the compound of Formula IX, ##STR00048## wherein X is Cl, Br or I; R.sub.1 is an ester protection group; and Ts represents p-toluenesulfonyl.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the reducing agent used in the step (6) is one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, potassium cyanoborohydride, borane, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and Red-Al; preferably, the reducing agent is a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, potassium cyanoborohydride, borane, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and Red-Al with one or more selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride and iodine.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the compound of Formula II is prepared by the method of claim 5; preferably, the compound of Formula II is prepared by the method of claim 9.

13. A compound of Formula II prepared by the method of claim 5: ##STR00049## wherein X and R.sub.1 are as defined above.

14. Compounds of Formula II, Formula III, Formula IV, Formula V and Formula VI prepared by the method of claim 9: ##STR00050## wherein R.sub.1 is benzyl, and X is Cl, Br or I.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In view of one or more, or even all of the problems such as a high impurity content, a low purity, low yield, harsh reaction conditions, and being unfavorable for industrial production, the present inventors have extensively studied and found a new method for preparing a compound as an intermediate for posaconazole, especially a new method for preparing a compound of Formula IX as a key intermediate for posaconazole. These preparation methods have advantages such as mild reaction conditions, a simple reaction process, and a high overall yield and a high purity of target products, which thus are suitable for industrial production.

[0043] Based on this, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a compound of Formula I as an intermediate for posaconazole.

##STR00015##

The method comprises the following step (1): hydrolyzing a compound of Formula II in a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and water under an alkaline condition, and then subjecting the hydrolysate to an acid treatment to obtain the compound of Formula I,

##STR00016##

wherein X is Cl, Br or I, and R.sub.1 is an ester protection group.

[0044] In the present disclosure, any ester protection group known in the art may be used. Preferably, as the ester protection group, R.sub.1 may be selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.1-8 alkyl-substituted C.sub.6-10 aryl, benzyl (Bn), C.sub.1-8 alkyl-substituted benzyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy-substituted benzyl and halogenated benzyl; more preferably, R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-8 alkyl, benzyl, C.sub.1-8 alkyl-substituted benzyl, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy-substituted benzyl and halogenated benzyl.

[0045] As used herein, C.sub.1-8 alkyl refers to a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbyl containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Examples of C.sub.1-8 alkyl includes, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl and the like. Accordingly, C.sub.1-8 alkoxy refers to a group of C.sub.1-8 alkyl-O.

[0046] As used herein, C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl refers to a cyclic saturated hydrocarbyl containing 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms. Examples of C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl includes, but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, methylcyclobutyl and the like.

[0047] As used herein, C.sub.6-10 aryl refers to an aryl group containing 6 to 10 ring atoms. Examples of C.sub.6-10 aryl includes, but not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl and the like. Accordingly, C.sub.1-8 alkyl-substituted C.sub.6-10 aryl refers to a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms on the aromatic ring carbon atoms of the C.sub.6-10 aryl are substituted by one or more C.sub.1-8 alkyl groups.

[0048] As used herein, benzyl refers to a group of C.sub.6H.sub.5CH.sub.2. Accordingly, C.sub.1-8 alkyl-substituted benzyl refers to a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms on the phenyl ring of the benzyl are substituted by one or more C.sub.1-8 alkyl groups, and C.sub.1-8 alkoxy-substituted benzyl or halogenated benzyl refers to a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms on the phenyl ring of the benzyl are substituted by one or more C.sub.1-8 alkoxy groups.

[0049] In the above method, the hydrolysis in the step (1) may be carried out under any alkaline condition known in the art. Preferably, the hydrolysis in the step (1) is carried out in the presence of one or more bases selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate.

[0050] In the above method, the acid treatment may be carried out by using one or more organic acids or inorganic acids. Preferably, the acid treatment may comprise adjusting the pH of an aqueous phase obtained after the reaction to 23.

[0051] More specifically, in the above method, the compound of Formula II may be first dissolved in an organic solvent, an aqueous solution of one or more bases as described above may be added thereto, and the temperature may be controlled for example at 1020 C. for reaction. After the reaction is completed, impurities are removed by extraction with an organic solvent, and an acid is added to the aqueous phase to adjust the pH to 23. Then, the organic phase is extracted with an organic solvent, and then is concentrated to obtain the compound of Formula I as an oil.

[0052] Alternatively or optionally, after the acid is added to the aqueous phase to adjust the pH to 23, an organic solvent may be added to extract the compound of Formula I, and then an organic amine may be added to the organic phase to form an amine salt of the compound of Formula I, which is precipitated in the form of solid. Finally, the organic amine salt of the compound of Formula I may be obtained through filtration. Through the method of forming an organic amine salt, on one hand, some impurities may be effectively removed so as to increase the purity of the compound of Formula I; on the other hand, the amine salt is precipitated in the form of solid, facilitating the product isolation, such that the industrial production is more operative and the production cost is lower.

[0053] In the above method, the organic solvent used is not particularly limited, as long as it can dissolve the starting material compounds. Preferably, the organic solvent used may be one or more selected from the group consisting of toluene, hexane, n-heptane, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, isopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, dichloromethane, acetone, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.

[0054] In the above method, the water used as a solvent is not particularly limited, which is used mainly for dissolving the base in the reaction, for example, to form an aqueous base solution. Preferably, drinking water, deionized water, distilled water and the like may be used.

[0055] In the above method, the acid used is not particularly limited, which may be any one or more organic acids or inorganic acids. Preferably, the acid used may be one or more selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid and trifluoroacetic acid.

[0056] In the above method, the organic amine used is not particularly limited. Preferably, the organic amine used may be one or more selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, cyclopropylamine, n-butylamine, tert-butylamine, n-pentylamine, isopentylamine, tert-pentylamine, cyclopentylamine, hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, phenylamine, phenylethylamine and benzylamine.

[0057] In the above method, preferably, the compound of Formula II is prepared by a method comprising the following steps (2) to (5): [0058] step (2): reacting a compound of Formula VI with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde in an organic solvent in the presence of a chiral catalyst to obtain a compound of Formula V; [0059] step (3): subjecting the compound of Formula V to a Pinnick oxidation using NaCO.sub.2 and NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4 in the presence of a scavenger to obtain a compound of Formula IV; [0060] step (4): reacting the compound of Formula IV with a halohydrocarbon R.sub.1X under an alkaline condition to obtain a compound of Formula III; and [0061] step (5): subjecting the compound of Formula III to a halogenation and cyclization reaction in the presence of a halogenated reagent containing halogen X to obtain the compound of Formula II, [0062] or [0063] step (2): reacting a compound of Formula VI with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde in an organic solvent in the presence of a chiral catalyst to obtain a compound of Formula V; [0064] step (3): subjecting the compound of Formula V to a Pinnick oxidation using NaClO.sub.2 and NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4 in the presence of a scavenger, and thereto adding an organic amine compound to obtain an organic amine salt of the compound of Formula IV; [0065] step (4): reacting the organic amine salt of the compound of Formula IV with a halohydrocarbon R.sub.1X under an alkaline condition to obtain a compound of Formula III; and [0066] step (5): subjecting the compound of Formula III to a halogenation and cyclization reaction in the presence of a halogenated reagent containing halogen X to obtain the compound of Formula II,

##STR00017##

wherein X and R.sub.1 are as defined above.

[0067] More specifically, in the step (2), the compound of Formula VI may be reacted with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde, in a solvent such as toluene, chlorobenzene, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, hexane, n-heptane, isopropyl ether or methyl tert-butyl ether, in the presence of the chiral catalyst and in the presence of hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate of an alkaline metal or an alkaline earth metal, to obtain the compound of Formula V.

[0068] In the step (3), the compound of Formula V is reacted in a NaClO.sub.2/NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4/acetonitrile-H.sub.2O solution in the presence of the scavenger at a temperature not higher than 30 C., and then the reaction product is subjected to post-treatment to obtain the compound of Formula IV as an oil. Alternatively or optionally, in the step (3), the compound of Formula V is oxidized in the presence of NaClO.sub.2/NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4, and thereto an organic amine is added to obtain an organic amine salt of the compound of Formula IV, which is then precipitated in the form of solid, such that the compound of Formula IV is effectively isolated from the solvent, and the purity is increased.

[0069] In the step (4), the compound of Formula IV obtained in the step (3) is reacted with the halogenated reagent containing halogen X under an alkaline condition at a temperature in a range of 520 C. while maintaining the temperature. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is subjected to post-treatment to obtain the compound of Formula III. Alternatively or optionally, the organic amine salt of the compound of Formula IV obtained in the step (3) is subjected to an acid treatment to release free compound of Formula IV, which is then reacted with the halogenated reagent containing halogen X under an alkaline condition at a temperature in a range of 520 C. while maintaining the temperature. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is subjected to post-treatment to obtain the compound of Formula III.

[0070] In the above method, preferably, the chiral catalyst used in the step (2) may be a compound of the following formula:

##STR00018##

wherein R.sub.2 may be selected from the group consisting of trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, benzyl, 4-methylbenzyl and phenyl, and Ph represents phenyl.

[0071] In the above method, the chiral catalyst used may be prepared, for example, according to the method described in the literature of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 5 (18), 2017, 4996-5001. Preferably, (R)-diphenylprolinol is reacted with R.sub.2X, and the reaction product is subjected to post-treatment to obtain the chiral catalyst used in the above method.

[0072] In the above method, preferably, the hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate of an alkaline metal or an alkaline earth metal used in the step (2) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. More preferably, the base used in the step (2) is selected from the combination of sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate or the combination of potassium dihydrogen phosphate-dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.

[0073] In the above method, preferably, the Pinnick oxidation in the step (3) refers to an oxidation reaction carried out by using NaClO.sub.2 and NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4, preferably, for example, in an acetonitrile-water solution, wherein the solvent used may be selected from any other suitable solvents. More preferably, the scavenger used may be one or more selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, aminosulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-butene, dimethyl sulfoxide and hydrogen peroxide.

[0074] In the above method, preferably, the organic amine used in the step (3) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, cyclopropylamine, n-butylamine, tert-butylamine, n-pentylamine, isopentylamine, tert-pentylamine, cyclopentylamine, hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, ethanolamine, phenylamine, phenylethylamine and benzylamine.

[0075] In the above method, preferably, the halohydrocarbon R.sub.1X used in the step (4) may be selected from the group consisting of chlorobenzyl, bromobenzyl, chloro-C.sub.1-6 alkyl, bromo-C.sub.1-6 alkyl and iodo-C.sub.1-6 alkyl.

[0076] In the above method, preferably, the base used in the step (4) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, triethylamine, diethylamine, methylamine, tert-butylamine and phenylamine.

[0077] In the above method, preferably, the acid used in the step (4) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid.

[0078] In the above method, preferably, the halogenated reagent containing halogen X used in the step (5) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of halogen, dichlorohydantoin, dibromohydantoin, diiodohydantoin, N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and N-iodosuccinimide (NIS).

[0079] In the above method, preferably, the compound of Formula VI used may be prepared by reducing the compound of Formula X:

##STR00019##

[0080] More preferably, the reducing agent used here may be one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, potassium cyanoborohydride, borane, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and Red-Al.

[0081] Furthermore, the present disclosure also provides a method for preparing a compound of Formula IX as a key intermediate for posaconazole from a compound of Formula II, comprising the following step (1) and steps (6) to (8): [0082] step (1): hydrolyzing a compound of Formula II in a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and water under an alkaline condition, and then subjecting the hydrolysate to an acid treatment to obtain the compound of Formula I; [0083] step (6): reducing a compound of Formula I in an organic solvent in the presence of a reducing agent at a temperature in a range of 55 C. to obtain a compound of Formula VII; [0084] step (7): reacting the compound of Formula VII with 1,2,4-triazole in an organic solvent in the presence of a base and a phase transfer catalyst to obtain a compound of Formula VIII; and [0085] step (8): reacting the compound of Formula VIII with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in an organic solvent under an alkaline condition to obtain the compound of Formula IX,

##STR00020##

wherein X is Cl, Br or I; R.sub.1 is an ester protection group; and Ts represents p-toluenesulfonyl.

[0086] More specifically, the step (1) is carried out completely same as the step (1) in the aforementioned method.

[0087] In the step (6), the reducing agent may be dissolved in the organic solvent, with the temperature controlled at 55 C., and then the compound of Formula I may be added, preferably a solution of the compound of Formula I dissolved in the same organic solvent may be added dropwise with the temperature maintained at 55 C. until the reaction is completed. More preferably, in the step (6), a first reducing agent may be dissolved in the organic solvent with the temperature controlled at 55 C., and a solution of the compound of Formula I may be added dropwise for reaction while maintaining the temperature for 20-30 minutes. Thereafter, a second reducing agent is added dropwise at the same temperature with the temperature maintained at 55 C. until the reaction is completed.

[0088] In the step (7), the base may be added to the organic solvent with the internal temperature controlled to be 40 C., then 1,2,4-triazole may be added in portions, and the mixture may be stirred for 2.02.5 hours. Then, the compound of Formula VII and the phase transfer catalyst are further added with the temperature raised to 95100 C., and then the mixture is reacted while maintaining the temperature until the reaction is completed.

[0089] Preferably, the phase transfer catalyst used in the step (7) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of tetrabutylammonium iodide, tetrabutylammonium bromide and tetrabutylammonium fluoride.

[0090] In the step (8), the compound of Formula VIII is dissolved in the organic solvent, then the base and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) are added with the temperature controlled at 510 C., and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride is added in portions. After that, the mixture is reacted at 1520 C. while maintaining the temperature until the reaction is completed.

[0091] In the above reaction, the organic solvent used in each of the steps may be one or more selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol, 1,4-dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, toluene, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetonitrile, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, hexane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, and n-heptane.

[0092] Preferably, the organic solvent used in the step (6) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and isopropyl acetate.

[0093] Preferably, the organic solvent used in the step (7) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide.

[0094] Preferably, the organic solvent used in the step (8) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, trichloromethane, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, toluene, chlorobenzene, hexane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane and acetonitrile.

[0095] In the above reaction, the reducing agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, potassium cyanoborohydride, borane, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, Red-Al, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride and iodine.

[0096] Preferably, the reducing agent used in the step (6) (or the first and second reducing agents) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, potassium cyanoborohydride, borane, lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride and Red-Al. More preferably, the reducing agent used in the step (6) (or the first and second reducing agents) may be a combination of one or more of the above reducing agents with one or more selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride and iodine.

[0097] In the above reaction, the base is selected from the group consisting of lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, cesium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, triethylamine, diethylamine, methylamine, tert-butylamine and phenylamine.

[0098] Preferably, the base used in the step (7) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and potassium tert-butoxide.

[0099] Furthermore, the present disclosure also provides some compounds as follows.

Compound of Formula II:

##STR00021##

wherein X=Cl, Br or I; and R.sub.1 is as defined above.

[0100] Specifically, the compound of Formula II may include the following compounds:

##STR00022##

wherein Bn represents benzyl.

[0101] Other intermediate compounds, i.e., a compound of Formula III in which R.sub.1 is benzyl, as well as a compound of Formula IV, a compound of Formula V and a compound of Formula VI:

##STR00023##

[0102] The method of the present disclosure will be further described below by way of examples. It should be appreciated that the following examples are provided merely for the purpose of better understanding the present disclosure, but not limiting the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

[0103] Unless stated otherwise, the raw materials and reagents used in the examples of the present disclosure are all commercially available or obtained by known methods, and are used as they are. The purity and chirality value are obtained through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The target products are identified through the consistency of the HPLC retention values with those of the standard products.

Example 1: Preparation of the Compound of Formula VI

##STR00024##

[0104] Under nitrogen protection, 40 g of the compound of Formula X and 200 g of toluene were added into a 500 mL reaction flask and stirred to be dissolved. The solution was cooled to a temperature of about 80 C. with liquid nitrogen. 90 g of a 1.5 M solution of diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) in toluene was added dropwise. After that, the mixture was reacted for about 2.0 h while maintaining the temperature. Then, the reaction solution was controlled at a temperature in a range of 520 C., and was slowly added to 400 g of 3 M hydrochloric acid solution to quench the reaction. After that, the reaction solution was stirred for 3.0 h, and left to separate into layers. The organic layer was washed twice with water (80 g2) to obtain a solution of the compound of Formula VI in toluene. The solution obtained was directly used in the next reaction without concentration.

Example 2: Preparation of the Chiral Catalyst (R-PDD-TMS)

##STR00025##

[0105] 40 g of R-diphenylprolinol (R-PDD), 400 mL of dichloromethane and 32.2 g of imidazole were added into a 500 mL reaction flask and stirred to be dissolved. The solution was cooled to a temperature of 0 C. 50 mL of trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCI) was added dropwise. After that, the mixture was warmed to a temperature of 25 C., and reacted for 12 h while maintaining the temperature. Thereafter, 1000 mL of methyl tert-butyl ether was added thereto. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature, and then filtered. The filtrate was washed with 500 mL water, then washed with 1000 mL saline, dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 50 g oil. Yield: 97%, and HPLC purity: 98%.

Example 3: Preparation of the Compound of Formula V

##STR00026##

[0106] 1.5 g of the chiral catalyst R-PDD-TMS, 2.0 g of KH2PO.sub.4 and 3.1 g of K2HPO.sub.4 were added to the solution of the compound of Formula VI prepared above in Example 1 in toluene, and stirred for 1015 min. Then, 15 g of 37% formaldehyde solution was added. The mixture was warmed to an internal temperature of about 20 C., and reacted for 12 h while maintaining the temperature. 100 g water was added to the reaction solution and the mixture was stirred and separated into layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with 50 g toluene. Then, the aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic phases were combined, concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain 40 g of the compound of Formula V. Yield: 88%, and HPLC purity: 85%.

Example 4: Preparation of the Compound of Formula IV

##STR00027##

[0107] 35 g of the compound of Formula V and 200 g of acetonitrile were added to a reaction flask, and stirred to dissolve. Thereafter, the solution was cooled to an internal temperature in a range of 55 C. 100 g of 30% hydrogen peroxide was added dropwise. After that, the temperature was controlled to be lower than 15 C. Then, 333 g of a NaClO.sub.2/NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4/H.sub.2O solution (40 g NaClO.sub.2, 39 g NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4 and 254 g water) was added dropwise. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred for 1.0 h, warmed to room temperature, and reacted for 2.0 h while maintaining the temperature. The temperature was controlled to be 30 C. Then, 25 g of sodium hydrogen sulfite was added to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 h, and left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with an appropriate amount of methyl tert-butyl ether, and the organic layers were combined and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. 100 g of water was added, and the pH was adjusted to 8.010.0 by adding liquid base. An appropriate amount of methyl tert-butyl ether was added. The mixture was stirred and left to separate into layers. The organic layer was discarded. The pH of the alkaline aqueous layer was adjusted to 24 by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. 100 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added. The mixture was stirred and left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was washed twice with water (60 g2), and concentrated to obtain 26.5 g of the compound of Formula IV as an oil. Yield: 80%, and HPLC purity: 85%.

Example 5: Preparation of an Amine Salt of the Compound of Formula IV

##STR00028##

[0108] 37 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added to the compound of Formula IV obtained in Example 4. The mixture was warmed to a temperature in a range of 5055 C., and stirred to be dissolved. 8.5 g (1.2 eq.) of cyclopropylamine was added dropwise. After that, the mixture was reacted for 1.0 h while maintaining the temperature, then cooled to a temperature in a range of 1015 C., stirred for 2 h while maintaining the temperature, and filtered under suction to obtain 26.5 g of the cyclopropylamine salt of the compound of Formula IV. Yield: 81%, and HPLC purity: 95%.

Example 6: Preparation of an Amine Salt of the Compound of Formula IV

##STR00029##

[0109] 35 g of the compound of Formula V and 200 g of acetonitrile were added to a reaction flask, and stirred to be dissolved. Thereafter, the solution was cooled to an internal temperature in a range of 55 C. 100 g of 30% hydrogen peroxide was added dropwise. After that, the temperature was controlled to be lower than 15 C. Then, 333 g of a NaClO.sub.2/NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4/H.sub.2O solution (40 g NaClO.sub.2, 39 g NaH.sub.2PO.sub.4 and 254 g water) was added dropwise. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred for 1.0 h, warmed to room temperature, and reacted for 2.0 h while maintaining the temperature. The temperature was controlled to be 30 C. Then, 25 g of sodium hydrogen sulfite was added to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 h, and left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with an appropriate amount of methyl tert-butyl ether, and the organic layers were combined, and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. 100 g of water was added, and the pH was adjusted to 8.010.0 by adding liquid base. An appropriate amount of methyl tert-butyl ether was added. The mixture was stirred and left to separate into layers. The organic layer was discarded. The pH of the alkaline aqueous layer was adjusted to 24 by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. 100 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added. The mixture was stirred and left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was washed twice with water (60 g2). 14.8 g of cyclohexylamine was added dropwise to the organic phase under stirring. The mixture was stirred for 1 h, then cooled to 1015 C., stirred for 2 h while maintaining the temperature, and filtered under suction to obtain 39.6 g of the cyclohexylamine salt of the compound of Formula IV.

Example 7: Preparation of the Compound of Formula III (R.SUB.1 .is Benzyl (Bn))

##STR00030##

[0110] 35 g of N,N-dimethylformamide and 8.48 g of the compound of Formula IV were added into a reaction flask, and stirred to be dissolved. Then, 4.5 g of sodium carbonate and 6.0 g of benzyl bromide were added. The reaction mixture was controlled at a temperature in a range of 520 C., and reacted for 3.0 h while maintaining the temperature. After that, 120 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added, and the mixture was stirred for about 1015 min and filtered. The filtrate was washed three times with water (60 g3), and separated into layers. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness to obtain 10.5 g of the compound of Formula III. Yield: 90%, and HPLC purity: 90%.

Example 8: Preparation of the Compound of Formula III (R.SUB.1 .is Ethyl (Et))

##STR00031##

[0111] 70 g of N,N-dimethylformamide and 17 g of the compound of Formula IV were added into a reaction flask, and stirred to be dissolved. Then, 9 g of sodium carbonate and 7.8 g of ethyl bromide were added. The reaction mixture was controlled at a temperature in a range of 520 C., and reacted for 3.0 h while maintaining the temperature. After that, 240 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added, and the mixture was stirred for about 30 min and filtered. The filtrate was washed three times with water (120 g3), and separated into layers. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness to obtain 16.5 g of the compound of Formula III. Yield: 87%.

Example 9: Preparation of the Compound of Formula III (R.SUB.1 .is Methyl (Me))

##STR00032##

[0112] 75 g of N,N-dimethylformamide and 20 g of the compound of Formula IV were added into a reaction flask, and stirred to be dissolved. Then, 10.5 g of sodium carbonate and 11.95 g of iodomethane were added. The reaction mixture was controlled at a temperature in a range of 520 C., and reacted for 3.0 h while maintaining the temperature. After that, 240 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added, and the mixture was stirred for about 30 min and filtered. The filtrate was washed three times with water (120 g3), and separated into layers. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness to obtain 19.4 g of the compound of Formula III. Yield: 91.5%.

Example 10: Preparation of the Compound of Formula III (R.SUB.1 .is Benzyl (Bn))

##STR00033##

[0113] 10.48 g of the cyclopropylamine salt of the compound of Formula IV and 50 g of water were added into a reaction flask, and uniformly stirred. Then, concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH to 13, and 50 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added. The mixture was left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with 20 g of methyl tert-butyl ether, and the organic layers was combined and washed with water (50 g2). The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. 35 g of N,N-dimethylformamide was added to the concentrate, and stirred to be dissolved. Then, 4.5 g of sodium carbonate and 6.0 g of benzyl bromide were added. The reaction mixture was controlled at a temperature in a range of 520 C., and reacted for 3.0 h while maintaining the temperature. After that, 120 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added, and the mixture was stirred for about 10-15 min and filtered. The filtrate was washed three times with water (60 g3), and separated into layers. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness to obtain 10.5 g of the compound of Formula III. Yield: 90.3%, and HPLC purity: 95.5%.

Example 11: Preparation of the Compound of Formula II (in which R.SUB.1 .is Benzyl (Bn) and X is Br)

##STR00034##

[0114] 68.6 g of the compound of Formula III, 1170 g of tetrahydrofuran and 50 g of water were added into a reaction flask, and stirred to be dissolved. The temperature was controlled in a range of 55 C., and 41.2 g of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) was added in portions. The mixture was reacted for 3.0 h while maintaining the temperature. After that, 500 g of 10% NaHSO.sub.3 was added to the reaction solution. The mixture was stirred for 30 min, and then concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. 210 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added. The mixture was washed with water (100 g2). The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness to obtain 68 g of the compound of Formula II. Yield: 80.1%, and HPLC purity: 90.5%.

Example 12: Preparation of the Compound of Formula II (in which R.SUB.1 .is Ethyl (Et) and X is Br)

##STR00035##

[0115] 56.8 g of the compound of Formula III, 1170 g of tetrahydrofuran and 50 g of water were added into a reaction flask, and stirred to be dissolved. The temperature was controlled in a range of 55 C., and 41.2 g of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) was added in portions. The mixture was reacted for 3.0 h while maintaining the temperature. After that, 500 g of 10% NaHSO.sub.3 was added to the reaction solution. The mixture was stirred for 30 min, and then concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. 210 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added. The mixture was washed with water (100 g2). The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness to obtain 60.8 g of the compound of Formula II. Yield: 83%.

Example 13: Preparation of the Compound of Formula II (R.SUB.1 .is Methyl (Me) and X is Br)

##STR00036##

[0116] 53.1 g of the compound of Formula III, 1170 g of tetrahydrofuran and 50 g of water were added into a reaction flask, and stirred to be dissolved. The temperature was controlled in a range of 55 C., and 41.2 g of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) was added in portions. The mixture was reacted for 3.0 h while maintaining the temperature. After that, 500 g of 10% NaHSO.sub.3 was added to the reaction solution. The mixture was stirred for 30 min, and then concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. 210 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added. The mixture was washed with water (100 g2). The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness to obtain 56.7 g of the compound of Formula II. Yield: 81.8%.

Example 14: Preparation of the Compound of Formula I (X is Br)

##STR00037##

[0117] 73 g of the compound of Formula II, 170 g of tetrahydrofuran and 13.2 g of water were added into a reaction flask. The mixture was cooled to a temperature in a range of 05 C. 65.7 mL of 20% LiOH solution was added dropwise. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h, and reacted at about 2 C. for 7 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with 146 g of ethyl acetate, and left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (73 g2), and the ethyl acetate phase was discarded. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to the aqueous layer to adjust the pH to 23. Then, 73 g of ethyl acetate was added, and the mixture was stirred and left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was back extracted with ethyl acetate (73 g2), and the ethyl acetate layers were combined and further washed with 146 g of water. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 50 g of the compound of Formula I as an oil. Yield: 87.7%, and HPLC purity: 91%.

Example 15: Preparation of the Compound of Formula I (X is Br)

##STR00038##

[0118] 62 g of the compound of Formula II, 170 g of tetrahydrofuran and 13.2 g of water were added into a reaction flask. The mixture was cooled to a temperature in a range of 05 C. 73 g of 30% NaOH solution was added dropwise. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h, and reacted at about 3 C. for 5 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with 150 g of ethyl acetate, and left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 g2), and the ethyl acetate phase was discarded. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to the aqueous layer to adjust the pH to 23. Then, 50 g of ethyl acetate was added, and the mixture was stirred and left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was back extracted with ethyl acetate (50 g2), and the ethyl acetate layers were combined and further washed with 150 g of water. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 51.3 g of the compound of Formula I as an oil. Yield: 92%, and HPLC purity: 90%.

Example 16: Preparation of the Compound of Formula I (X is Br)

##STR00039##

[0119] 59.5 g of the compound of Formula II, 170 g of tetrahydrofuran and 13.2 g of water were added into a reaction flask. The mixture was cooled to a temperature in a range of 05 C. 73 g of 30% NaOH solution was added dropwise. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h, and reacted at about 3 C. for 5 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with 150 g of ethyl acetate, and left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 g2), and the ethyl acetate phase was discarded. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to the aqueous layer to adjust the pH to 23. Then, 50 g of ethyl acetate was added, and the mixture was stirred and left to separate into layers. The aqueous layer was back extracted with ethyl acetate (50 g2), and the ethyl acetate layers were combined and further washed with 150 g of water. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 50.7 g of the compound of Formula I as an oil. Yield: 89%, and HPLC purity: 95.5%.

Example 17: Preparation of a Cyclohexylamine Salt the Compound of Formula I (X is Br)

##STR00040##

[0120] 75 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added to the compound of Formula I obtained in Example 14. The mixture was warmed to a temperature in a range of 5055 C., and stirred to be dissolved. 15.4 g of cyclohexylamine was added dropwise. After that, the mixture was reacted for 1.0 h while maintaining the temperature, then cooled to a temperature approximately in a range of 1015 C., stirred for 3 h while maintaining the temperature, filtered under suction, and dried to obtain 55 g of the cyclohexylamine salt of the compound of Formula I. Yield: 84.6%, HPLC purity: 97%, and ee value determined by normal phase HPLC: 98%.

Example 18: Preparation of a Cyclopropylamine Salt the Compound of Formula I (X is Br)

##STR00041##

[0121] 80 g of methyl tert-butyl ether was added to the compound of Formula I obtained in Example 15. The mixture was warmed to a temperature in a range of 5055 C., and stirred to be dissolved. 9.12 g of cyclopropylamine was added dropwise. After that, the mixture was reacted for 1.0 h while maintaining the temperature, then cooled to a temperature approximately in a range of 1015 C., stirred for 3 h while maintaining the temperature, filtered under suction, and dried to obtain 52 g of the cyclopropylamine salt of the compound of Formula I. Yield: 86%, HPLC purity: 96.5%, and ee value determined by normal phase HPLC: 98%.

Example 19: Preparation of the Compound of Formula IX as a Key Intermediate for Posaconazole from the Compound of Formula I (X is Br)

##STR00042##

(1) Preparation of Compound VII:

[0122] Under nitrogen protection, 100 g of THF and 14.4 g of NaBH4 were added into a 1 L reaction flask. The reaction temperature was controlled to be in a range of 55 C. 350 g of THE solution containing 116 g of the compound of Formula I was added dropwise. Thereafter, the internal temperature was controlled to be in a range of 55 C., and the temperature was maintained for 30 min. The internal temperature was controlled to be in a range of 55 C., and 42.6 g of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate was added dropwise over 12 h. After that, the internal temperature was controlled to be in a range of 55 C., and the temperature was maintained for about 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was slowly added to 400 g of 10% HCl solution (40 g HCl+360 g drinking water) which was precooled to 05 C. The mixture was controlled at a temperature in a range of 1025 C., stirred for 30 min, and separated into phases. The THF layer was set aside, and the aqueous layer was extracted with toluene (100 g2), and separated into layers. The aqueous layer was discarded. The organic layers were combined, washed with 200 g of saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, and separated into layers. The organic layer was washed with 200 g of water, and the aqueous layer was discarded. The organic phase was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure with the external temperature controlled to be 60 C. to obtain 108.7 g of the compound of Formula VII. Yield: 98%, and HPLC purity >95%.

(2) Preparation of Compound VIII:

[0123] Under nitrogen protection, 264 g of DMSO and 121.7 g of potassium tert-butoxide were added into a dry and clean reaction flask. After that, the internal temperature was controlled to be 40 C., and 77.0 g of 1,2,4-triazole was added in portions. Thereafter, the internal temperature was controlled to be in a range of 2040 C., and the mixture was reacted for 2 h while maintaining the temperature. After that, 118 g of the compound of Formula VII, 8.6 g tetrabutylammonium iodide, and 7.3 g of 18-crown-6 were added. The mixture was slowly warmed to a temperature in a range of 95100 C. with the internal temperature controlled in a range of 95100 C., and reacted for 36 h while maintaining the temperature. Thereafter, the mixture was cooled to a temperature below 30 C., and was added to 600 g of drinking water to quench the reaction. The material was extracted with 600 g of methyl tert-butyl ether. The methyl tert-butyl ether layer was washed with drinking water, supplemented with 30 g of anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and 4 g of activated carbon, dried and decolorized for 1 h, and filtered under suction. The filter cake was leached with methyl tert-butyl ether (30 g2). The filtrates were combined, with an external temperature controlled to be 60 C., and concentrated to dryness to obtain 85 g of the compound of Formula VIII. Yield: 75%, and HPLC purity >96.7%.

(3) Preparation of Compound IX:

[0124] Under nitrogen protection, 240 g of DCM, 1.5 g of DMAP, 35.5 g of the compound of Formula VIII and 30.8 g of triethylamine were added into a dry and clean reaction flask. The mixture was cooled to a temperature in a range of 510 C. with the internal temperature controlled to be in a range of 510 C., and 23.3 g of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride was added in portions. Thereafter, the mixture was reacted with the internal temperature controlled to be in a range of 1520 C. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was added to 300 g of water to quench the reaction, and separated into layers. The DCM layer was washed sequentially with a Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution, a 10% HCl solution and water, and separated into layers. Then, the aqueous layer was discarded, and the DCM layer was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure with the external temperature controlled to be 60 C. 300 g of isopropanol was added. The mixture was warmed to a temperature of 50 C., stirred to be dissolved, and slowly cooled to a temperature in a range of 05 C. to crystallize for 2 h. The reaction mixture was filtered under suction to obtain 48.5 g of the compound of Formula IX. Yield: 89.8%, HPLC purity: 99.0%, and ee value: 99.5%.

[0125] The above particular embodiments and examples are used for describing the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present disclosure in detail. It should be understood that the above particular embodiments and examples are only for the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, but not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included within the protection scope of the present disclosure.