AMERICAN-STYLE FOOTBALL

Abstract

An American style football includes a prolate spheroidal shaped outer surface having a first nose and a second nose opposite the first nose, the first nose and the second nose located along a longitudinal axis of the football. The football has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g, a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm.

Claims

1. An American style football comprising: a prolate spheroidal shaped outer surface having a first nose and a second nose opposite the first nose, the first nose and the second nose located along a longitudinal axis of the American style football, wherein football has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g, a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm.

2. The American style football of claim 1, wherein the football has a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 70 oz-in.sup.2.

3. The American style football of claim 1, wherein the football has a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 80 oz-in.sup.2.

4. The American style football of claim 1, wherein the football has a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.58.

5. The American style football of any of claims 1 further comprising at least one weight extending along the outer surface at a location centered between the first nose and the second nose at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis.

6. The American style football of claim 5, wherein the at least one weight comprises individual weights at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis.

7. The American style football claim 6, wherein the individual weights comprise weighted patches.

8. The American style football of claim 5, wherein the at least one weight comprises at least one weighted band encircling the longitudinal axis proximate the outer surface and centered between the first nose and the second nose.

9. The American style football of claim 8, wherein the football has a transverse axis centered between the first nose and the second nose, the transverse axis spaced from the first nose by a first distance and wherein the at least one weighted band has an edge closest to the first nose and spaced from the first nose by second distance that is at least two thirds the first distance.

10. The American style football of claim 5, wherein the at least one weight comprises a sensor.

11. The American style football of claim 1, wherein the outer surface comprises: a lacing surface on an upper half of the body featuring a row of parallel projections, the row extending parallel to the longitudinal axis; a first stripe extending greater than 180 degrees about the longitudinal axis, the first stripe comprising: a first portion aligned with the row and between a first end of the row and the first nose; and a second portion on a lower half of the body, the second portion being longitudinally closer to the second nose than the first portion; and a second stripe extending greater than 180 degrees about the longitudinal axis, the second stripe comprising: a third portion aligned with the row and between a second end of the row and the second nose; and a fourth portion on the lower half of the body, the fourth portion being longitudinally closer to the first nose than the third portion.

12. The American style football of claim 11, wherein the first stripe bows about the first end of the row and wherein the second stripe bows about the second end of the row.

13. The American style football of claim 11, wherein the first stripe and the second stripe each have a non-uniform width along their lengths.

14. The American style football of claim 11, wherein the first stripe and the second stripe each extend 360 degrees about the longitudinal axis.

15. The American style football of claim 11, wherein the first portion has a first width along the longitudinal axis and wherein the second portion has a second width, greater than the first width, along the longitudinal axis.

16. The American style football of claim 11, wherein the second portion has an outer edge bowing outwardly towards the first nose.

17. The American style football of claim 11, wherein the first stripe has a first tackiness and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the first stripe have a second tackiness less than the first tackiness.

18. The American style football of claim 11, wherein the first stripe has a first height and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the first stripe have a second height different than the first height.

19. The American style football of claim 11, wherein the first portion has a longitudinal width of at least 30 mm.

20. The American style football of claim 11, the second portion has a longitudinal width of at least 40 mm.

21. The American style football of claim 11, wherein the first portion is longitudinally spaced from the first end of the row by at least 20 mm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0003] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an example American style football.

[0004] FIG. 2 is a front view of the American-style football of FIG. 1.

[0005] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an example American-style football.

[0006] FIG. 4 is a front view of the American-style football of FIG. 3.

[0007] FIG. 5 is a sectional view of an example American-style football.

[0008] FIG. 6 is a side view of the example American-style football of FIG. 5 without an outer cover.

[0009] FIG. 7 is a side view of an example American-style football without a cover.

[0010] FIG. 8 is a top view illustrating portions of an example American-style football.

[0011] FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an American-style football.

[0012] FIG. 10 is a side view of the American-style football of FIG. 9 without a cover.

[0013] FIG. 11 is a side view of an American-style football without a cover.

[0014] FIG. 12 is a sectional view illustrating a portion of an example American-style football having an example bladder and an example weight secured to the bladder.

[0015] FIG. 13 is a sectional view illustrating portion of an example American-style football having an example bladder.

[0016] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an example American-style football.

[0017] FIG. 15 is a front view of the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0018] FIG. 16 is a rear view of the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0019] FIG. 17 is a side view of the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0020] FIG. 18 is a side view of the example American-style football of

[0021] FIG. 19 is a top view of the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0022] FIG. 20 is a bottom view of the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0023] FIG. 21 is a perspective view illustrating an example of the American-style football of FIG. 14 being gripped.

[0024] FIG. 22 is a perspective view illustrating the example of the American-style football shown in FIG. 21 being gripped.

[0025] FIG. 23 is a fragmentary of a portion of example American-style football of FIG. 14 illustrating portions of an example stripe and associated example dimensions.

[0026] FIG. 24 is a fragmentary of a portion of example American-style football of FIG. 14 illustrating portions of the example stripe and associated example dimensions.

[0027] FIG. 25 is a fragmentary of a portion of example American-style football of FIG. 14 illustrating portions of the example stripe and associated example dimensions.

[0028] FIG. 26 is a fragmentary of a portion of example American-style football of FIG. 14 illustrating portions of the example stripe and associated example dimensions.

[0029] FIG. 27 is a fragmentary of a portion of example American-style football of FIG. 14 illustrating portions of the example stripe and associated example dimensions.

[0030] FIG. 28 is a sectional view illustrating one example implementation of a stripe for the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0031] FIG. 29 is a sectional view illustrating one example implementation of a stripe for the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0032] FIG. 30 is a sectional view illustrating one example implementation of a stripe for the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0033] FIG. 31 is a sectional view illustrating one example implementation of a stripe for the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0034] FIG. 32 is a sectional view illustrating one example implementation of a stripe for the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0035] FIG. 33 is a sectional view illustrating one example implementation of a stripe for the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0036] FIG. 34 is a sectional view illustrating one example implementation of a stripe for the example American-style football of FIG. 14.

[0037] FIG. 35 is a top view of a portion of the surface of the example American-style football of FIG. 14 illustrating an example stripe for the example American-style football.

[0038] FIG. 36 is a perspective view of an example American-style football.

[0039] FIG. 37 is a side view of the example American-style football of FIG. 36.

[0040] FIG. 38 is a side view of the example American-style football of FIG. 36 with selected portions omitted for purposes of illustration.

[0041] Throughout the drawings, identical reference numbers designate similar, but not necessarily identical, elements. The figures are not necessarily to scale, and the size of some parts may be exaggerated to more clearly illustrate the example shown. Moreover, the drawings provide examples and/or implementations consistent with the description; however, the description is not limited to the examples and/or implementations provided in the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES

[0042] Disclosed are example American style footballs which are well suited for a larger population cross-section around the world, and which are especially well suited for the increasingly popular sport of flag football (traditional flag football and beach flag football). As compared to Official sized footballs (satisfying NFL and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) official standards for officially sanctioned professional and college tackle football competitions, respectively), the example American style footballs have a smaller long circumference, a smaller short circumference and a shorter longitudinal length. At the same time, as compared to traditional correspondingly sized Youth (ages 12-14), Junior (ages 9-12) and Pee Wee (ages 6-9) size footballs, which are smaller than Official footballs, the example footballs have a greater weight. The table below lists size and weight characteristics for traditional footballs.

TABLE-US-00001 Size Weight (g) L. Circ. (mm) S. Circ. (mm) Length (mm) Official 397-425 695-710 520-528 279-285 Youth 340-380 660-673 486-495 267-279 Junior 320-340 641-654 470-483 257-267 Pee Wee 290-320 600-615 440-455 240-255
In contrast to such traditional footballs, the corresponding example footballs having the youth, Junior and Pee Wee long circumferences, short circumferences and longitudinal lengths have a greater weight given their respective sizes. For example, one example football, configured for adult use in the sport of flag football, has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g, a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm.

[0043] The increased weight in combination with the smaller corresponding size offers several advantages. The smaller size (smaller long circumference, smaller short circumference and shorter length) is easier to grip for a larger cross-section of the global population. Adults with smaller hands may be better able to grip or grasp the example footballs. At the same time, the relatively larger weight of the example footballs offers familiarity to those adults throwing the example footballs. In other words, adults who are accustomed to throwing the much larger official sites footballs may still be familiar with the weight of the example smaller footballs.

[0044] Because the example footballs are smaller and easier to grip, the adult may more easily throw such footballs a longer distance. Although such smaller balls may experience a larger amount of airtime while being thrown the longer distance, such balls are less likely to be caught up in the wind and more easily cut through the wind due to their relatively heavier weight.

[0045] The sport of flag football, which is planned to be an Olympic sport/event beginning in 2028, may be faster and may take place on a smaller field. As a result, tight window throws with defenders close to the intended receiver may be more prevalent. In addition, screens, reverses and use of multiple quarterbacks may also be more common. As a result, players must more quickly catch the ball, grip it and throw it downfield, sometimes without the luxury of using the laces due to a lack of time. The smaller size of the ball allows such players to more quickly grasp and throw the ball, possibly without use of the laces, while the proportionally increased weight may enhance the ability of the player to impart increased velocity such that the ball cuts through the air or wind.

[0046] Disclosed are example American style footballs that facilitate tighter and more prolonged spiral throws. The example American style football facilitates throws that undergo or experience less wobble, being better able to cut through the air and hit targeted receivers in tight windows. The example American style footballs have a larger moment of inertia ratio. For purposes of this disclosure, the moment of inertia ratio refers to the ratio of longitudinal moment of inertia relative to an average of 0-degree moment of inertia and 90-degree moment of inertia of the football. The longitudinal moment of inertia is the degree to which the ball resists spinning about the longitudinal axis that passes through our intersects both opposing noses of the football. The 0-degree moment of inertia is the degree to which the ball resists spinning about a first transverse axis (centered between the opposite noses of the football) through the football that is perpendicular to a second transverse axis (centered between opposite noses of the football) that intersects the lacing of the football. The 90-degree moment of inertia is the degree to which the ball resists spinning about the second transverse axis. The example footballs exhibit a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 70 oz-in.sup.2. The footballs exhibit a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 80 oz-in.sup.2. The example footballs exhibit a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.58. The example footballs exhibit a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.70. In contrast to footballs having lower moment of inertia or lower moment of inertia ratios which tend to result in faster rotational velocity or spin of the football about the longitudinal axis (making it easier to impart spin to the football), the example footballs having a larger moment of inertia ratio may spin at a slower rate, but are less susceptible to wobble during flight and maintain a tight spiral during flight. This may be especially valuable in flag football where tight receiving windows may be the norm.

[0047] Disclosed are various examples of how to provide the example footballs with the larger moment of inertia ratios, with a moment inertia ratio of at least 0.58. Disclosed are various examples of how to provide the smaller but heavier footballs described above with larger moment inertia ratios. The example footballs are provided with larger moment of inertia ratios by providing at least one weight extending along the outer surface at a location centered between the first nose and the second nose at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis.

[0048] In some implementations, the at least one weight comprises individual weights at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis. In some implementations, the individual weights comprise weighted patches. In some implementations, the example footballs comprise an inner bladder, wherein the weighted patches are secured to the inner bladder. In some implementations, the example football comprises an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover, wherein the weighted patches are secured to the inner liner. In some implementations, the example footballs comprise an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the weighted patches are secured to the outer cover.

[0049] In some implementations, the at least one weight comprises at least one weighted band encircling the longitudinal axis proximate the outer surface and centered between the first nose and the second nose. In some implementations, the football has a transverse axis centered between the first nose and the second nose, the transverse axis is spaced from the first nose by a first distance and wherein the at least one weighted band has an edge closest to the first nose and spaced from the first nose by second distance that is at least two thirds the first distance. In some implementations, the example footballs further comprise an inner bladder, wherein the at least one weighted band is secured to the inner bladder. In some implementations, the example footballs comprise an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover, wherein the at least one weighted band is secured to the inner liner.

[0050] In some implementations, the example footballs comprise an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the at least one weighted band is secured to the outer cover. In some implementations, the at least one weight comprises a sensor.

[0051] In some implementations, the example footballs comprise an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein intermediate liner is nonuniform so as to have a first region centered between the first nose and the second nose, a second region between the first region and the first nose and a third region between the first region and the second nose, wherein the first region has a first material density, wherein the second region has a second material density less than the first material density and wherein the third region has a third of material density less than the first material density. In some implementations, the example footballs comprise an inner bladder, an outer cover and a nonuniform layer between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the nonuniform layer has a non-uniform distribution of mass providing a first mass in a first region centered between the first nose and the second, a second mass in a second region between the first region and the first nose and a third mass between the first region and the second nose, wherein the first mass is greater than the second mass and is greater than the third mass.

[0052] In some implementations, the example footballs comprise an inner bladder and an outer covering, wherein the inner bladder has an enhanced weight region extending along the outer surface at a location centered between the first nose and the second nose at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis. In some implementations, the enhanced weight regions at each of the 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis have a first thickness and wherein a remainder of the bladder has a second thickness less than the first thickness. In some implementations, the enhanced weight regions of the bladder are provided by a thicker wall portion of the bladder encircling the longitudinal axis proximate the outer surface and centered between the first nose and the second nose. In some implementations, the example footballs have a transverse axis centered between the first nose and the second nose, the transverse axis spaced from the first nose by a first distance and wherein the at thicker wall portion of the bladder has an edge closest to the first nose and spaced from the first nose by second distance that is at least two thirds of the first distance.

[0053] Disclosed are example American style footballs that assist with gripping of the footballs. The example footballs comprise an outer surface having irregularly shaped stripes beyond both ends of the lacing. The stripes are irregularly shaped in that the stripes have a nonuniform width along their length and/or do not extend along a purely circular path or centerline contained in a single plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the football. The stripes are shaped so as to encompass recommended gripping locations for the index finger and the thumb. The stripes are generally continuous from a region between the row of laces and the nose of the football to a bottom half or underside of the football. As result, the stripes may accommodate different hand sizes and slightly different gripping preferences. At the same time, the stripes clearly indicate to players where one's index finger and thumb should be properly located when gripping the ball.

[0054] In addition, because such recommended gripping locations are indicated using a pair of stripes, the recommended gripping location may be indicated on both ends of the ball to indicate recommended gripping points when either of the noses of the football face forward for a throw. Because such recommended gripping locations are indicated using the pair stripes, the example footballs have a visual appearance closer to that of traditional footballs (some college and high school footballs) to which players are accustomed. Because such gripping locations are indicated using the pair stripes that extend about or substantially about the longitudinal axis of the football, any resulting added weight or mass may be more uniformly or symmetrically distributed both along and about the longitudinal axis of the football.

[0055] In some implementations, the American style football comprises a prolate spheroidal shaped body having a first nose and a second nose opposite the first nose, the first nose and the second nose located along a longitudinal axis of the football The body has an outer surface that comprises the lacing surface, a first stripe extending at least 180 about the longitudinal axis and a second stripe extending at least 180 degrees about the longitudinal axis. The lacing surface is located on an upper half of the body, the upper half of the body being separated from a lower half of the body by a plane containing the longitudinal axis, generally equidistant from the surface containing the lacing surface and the directly opposite surface of the body. The lacing surface features a row of parallel projections, the row extending parallel to the longitudinal axis.

[0056] The first stripe comprises a first portion aligned with the row and between a first end of the row and the first nose and a second portion on a lower half of the body, the second portion being longitudinally closer to the second nose than the first portion. The second stripe comprises a third portion aligned with the row and between a second end of the row and the second nose, and a fourth portion on the lower half of the body, the fourth portion being longitudinally closer to the first nose than the third portion.

[0057] In some implementations, the first stripe bows about the first end of the row and wherein the second strip bows about the second end of the row. In some implementations, the first stripe and the second stripe each have a non-uniform width along their lengths. In some implementations, the first stripe and the second stripe each extend 360 degrees about the longitudinal axis.

[0058] In some implementations, the first stripe has a concave inner edge facing the first end of the row and a convex outer edge between the inner edge and the first nose. In some implementations, the first stripe has a concave outer edge facing the first nose and crossing a midline between the upper half and the lower half of the body. In some implementations, the first portion has a first width along the longitudinal axis and wherein the second portion has a second width, greater than the first width, along the longitudinal axis. In some implementations, the second portion has an outer edge bowing outwardly towards the first nose.

[0059] In some implementations, the first stripe has a first tackiness and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the first stripe have a second tackiness less than the first tackiness. Tackiness may be measured or quantified as a coefficient of friction when measured in accordance with the standard test method for static coefficient of friction of American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) D1894-01. In some implementations, the adjacent portions of the outer surface of the body have a static coefficient of friction that is less than 1.0 and wherein the stripes have a static coefficient of friction greater than 1.0. In some implementations, the first portion and the second portion each have a static coefficient of friction greater than 2.0. In some implementations, the first portion and the second portion each have a static coefficient of friction greater than 3.0. In some implementations, the first portion has a first static coefficient of friction and wherein the second portion has a second static coefficient of friction different than the first static coefficient of friction. In some implementations, the first static coefficient of friction is less than the second static coefficient of friction.

[0060] In some implementations, the first stripe has a first compressibility and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the first stripe have a second compressibility less than the first compressibility. For example, the strife may be formed by strips of material that are foamed or that have a compressible thickness. The strip bonded, stitched or fused or otherwise secured to underlying panels of the body. The resulting different or enhanced compressibility of the stripes may provide a player with a tactile sensation indicating when the player's index finger and thumb are appropriately positioned on such stripes and appropriately gripping the football.

[0061] In some implementations, the first stripe has a first texture, wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the first stripe have a second texture different than the first texture. For example, in some implementations, the stripes may be rougher than adjacent portions of the body alongside the stripes. In some implementations with stripes may be pebbled, whereas adjacent portions of the body are not pebbled. In some implementations, the stripes may have a first pebbled surface different than the pebbling of surface adjacent such stripes.

[0062] In some implementations, the first stripe has a first height, wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the first stripe have a second height different than the first height. The different height may provide a tactile indication to the player when his or her thumb and index finger are properly positioned on such stripes and properly gripping the football. In some implementations, the first and second stripes may both be overlaid upon an underlying panel so as to rise up above the surface of the adjacent portions. In some implementations, the first and second stripes may be provided in channels or recesses.

[0063] In some implementations, the edges of the stripes may have a different height, texture or compressibility to tactically indicate to the player that his or her index finger and thumb are properly positioned on the stripe and proper gripping of the football. For example, in some implementations, the edges of stripe may be stitched to an underlying panel forming the body of the football or may be stitched or fused edge-to-edge with other panels that form the body the football, wherein the stitching seam, fusing joint or the like have a distinct height, texture or compressibility, tactilely outlining the edges of the stripe.

[0064] In some implementations, the outer surface further comprises a foil on the exterior surface of the body. In some implementations, foil may extend within a stripe concavity formed by the second concave edge and may be formed from a metal or other treatment (painting/coating) providing a surface having a higher degree of light reflectivity. In some implementations, a light emitting glow-in-the-dark material may be provided on the outer surface to enhance visibility of the football in low light conditions.

[0065] In some implementations, the stripes comprise a panel or film overlying an exterior panel of the football. In some implementations, the stripes are stitched to the exterior panel forming the body. In some implementations, the stripes are bonded to the exterior panel. In some implementations, the stripes are painted, sprayed or otherwise coated upon an exterior of the body.

[0066] In some implementations, the lacing portion comprises a lace passing through openings in the outer surface, the lace forming the row of parallel projections. In some implementations, the row of parallel projections are molded projections.

[0067] In some implementations, the first portion has a longitudinal width of at least 30 mm. In some implementations, the second portion has a longitudinal width of at least 40 mm. In some implementations, the first portion is longitudinally spaced from the first end of the row by at least 20 mm. In some implementations, the first portion has a first longitudinal width, wherein the second portion has a second longitudinal width greater than the first longitudinal width and wherein the first stripe has a third portion connecting the first portion and the second portion, the third portion having a third longitudinal width less than the first longitudinal width. In some implementations, the first portion has an inner edge proximate the first end of the row and an outer edge proximate the first nose, wherein the inner edge is spaced from the first end of the row by a first distance and wherein the outer edge is spaced from the first nose by second distance less than the first distance.

[0068] In some implementations, for a football 710 having a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm, the stripe encompasses a location longitudinally spaced from the closest end of the lacing row by a distance of at least 47 mm and angularly located or clocked about the longitudinal axis by 35 degrees, wherein a zero degree position aligns with the lacing row and is viewed from the opposite nose of the football. The stripe also encompasses a location longitudinally spaced from the closes end of the lacing row by a distance of at least 3 mm (between the closest end of the lacing row and the opposite nose of the football, closer to the farthest nose than the closest end of the lacing row by at least 3 mm) and angularly located or clocked about the longitudinal axis by 227 degrees, wherein a zero degree position aligns with the lacing row and is viewed from the opposite, distant nose. In some implementations, the football has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g, a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm.

[0069] For purposes of this disclosure, the term coupled shall mean the joining of two members directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary in nature or movable in nature. Such joining may be achieved with the two members, or the two members and any additional intermediate members being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another or with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate member being attached to one another. Such joining may be permanent in nature or alternatively may be removable or releasable in nature.

[0070] For purposes of this disclosure, the phrase configured to denotes an actual state of configuration that fundamentally ties the stated function/use to the physical characteristics of the feature proceeding the phrase configured to.

[0071] For purposes of this disclosure, the term releasably or removably with respect to an attachment or coupling of two structures means that the two structures may be repeatedly connected and disconnected to and from one another without material damage to either of the two structures or their functioning.

[0072] FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an example American style football 10. Football 10 comprises a prolate spheroidal shaped body 12 having the corresponding prolate spheroidal shaped outer or outermost surface. Body 12 has a first nose 14 and a second nose 16 opposite the first nose 14. As shown by FIG. 2, the first nose 14 and the second nose 16 are located along a longitudinal axis 18 of the football.

[0073] Football 10 further comprises lacing portion 20, stripes 22-1, 22-2 (collectively referred to as stripes 22), inflation port 24 and weights 30-1, 30-2, 30-3 and 30-4 (collectively referred to as weights 30). Lacing portion 20 features a series of parallel projections 34 that projects from the exterior surface of the body 12 on one side of football 10, distant central axis 18 and generally centered between two noses 14, 16 of football 10. Lacing portion 20 extends parallel to axis 18 and is intersected by a transverse axis 36 which is perpendicular to transverse axis 38. Lacing portion 20 provides multiple spaced grooves in which a person's fingers may be located when gripping football 10. Lacing portion 20 further provides a sufficient protrusion by which a person throwing football 10 may impart spin to football 10.

[0074] In one implementation, lacing portion 20 is formed by a lace or lacing, a string, and large threader line that is threaded through portions of the outermost layer of body 12. In one implementation, lacing portion 20 is formed along a seam of multiple panels which form the outermost layer of body 12. In yet other implementations, lacing portion 20 may be formed in other locations between seams. In still other implementations, such as where the outermost layer of body 12 is a molded layer of a polymer rubber-like material, lacing portion 20 may itself be adhered or welded onto the outer surface of body 12 or may be molded as part of the outermost layer of body 12.

[0075] Stripes 22-1 and 22-2 extend along the surface of body 12 between lacing portion 20 between noses 14 and 16, respectively. In the example illustrated, stripes 22 extend along a top half of body 12, terminating at a plane contains axes 18 and 38. In other implementations, stripes 22 may extend completely about axis 18 on the outer surface of body 12. In some implementations, stripes 22 may have different widths than those illustrated, may have different shapes than those illustrated (for example, stripes 22 may have a shape similar to those stripes described hereafter) or may be omitted.

[0076] Stripes 22 may have a different texture, or a different tackiness as compared to the remaining outer surface portions of body 12 (excluding lacing portion 20). In some implementations, stripes 22 may have an enhanced static coefficient of friction greater than adjacent portions of the outer surface of body 12 when measured in accordance with the standard test method for static coefficient of friction of ASTM D1894-01. In some implementations, the adjacent portions of the outer surface of body 12 have a static coefficient of friction that is less than 1.0 and wherein the stripes 22 have a static coefficient of friction greater than 1.0. In some implementations, stripes 22 have a surface texture different than adjacent portions of the outer surface of body 12. In some implementations, 522 each have a pebbled texture.

[0077] In some implementations, stripes 22 are coated upon an outer surface of body 12. In some implementations, stripes 22 comprise strips or panels of material that are overlaid and secured to the outer surface of body 12, such as with adhesives, fusing or stitches. In some implementations, such strips or panels may be partially inset into grooves formed on the outer surface of body 12. In some implementations, stripes 22 are integrally formed as part of a single unitary body with the outermost layer forming body 12. In some implementations, stripes 22 may have a configuration similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,905,876 which issued on Dec. 9, 2014, to Guenther et al. and is entitled GAME BALL COVER WITH IMPROVED STRIPES, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0078] In some implementations, body 12 is hollow. In some implementations, body 12 is not configured to be inflated following its manufacture. In some implementations, body 12 has a hollow interior that is inflatable after manufacture, by the end user. In some implementations, body 12 is formed from a single layer of material formed by single unitary integral layer. In some implementations, body 12 is formed from a single layer formed from multiple panels which are bonded, stitched or otherwise joined together. In some implementations, body 12 is formed from multiple layers, wherein the innermost layer may be in the form of an inflatable bladder. In implementations where body 12 has a hollow interior that is configured to be inflated or deflated following manufacture by the end user, body 12 comprises inflation port 24. In other implementations, inflation port 24 may be omitted or may be provided at other locations.

[0079] In the illustrated example, football 10 is configured for adult use in the sport of flag football. Football 10 has a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm. Weights 30 increase the weight of football 10 above that of traditional, similarly sized footballs. In the example illustrated, similarly sized footballs typically have a weight of 340 to 380 g. In contrast, football 10, with weights 30, has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g. In other words, weights 30 increase the weight of football 10 by at least 10 g and up to 70 g.

[0080] In some implementations, weights 30 may comprise panels or patches of material such as rubber, polymers and/or organic textiles. In some implementations, weights 30 may comprise plugs, putty, stampings, castings or other masses of metal or other materials. In some implementations, at least one of the individual, distinct and spaced apart weights 30 may comprise electronics, such as transmitters, transceivers, processing components and/or sensors.

[0081] The increased weight in combination with the smaller corresponding size offers several advantages. The smaller size (smaller long circumference, smaller short circumference and shorter length) is easier to grip for a larger cross-section of the global population. Adults with smaller hands may be better able to grip or grasp the example footballs. At the same time, the relatively larger weight of the example footballs offers familiarity to those adults throwing the example footballs. In other words, adults who are accustomed to throwing the much larger official sites footballs may still be familiar with the weight of the example smaller footballs.

[0082] Because football 10 is smaller and easier to grip, the adult may more easily throw football 10 a longer distance. Although smaller footballs may typically experience a larger amount of airtime while being thrown the longer distance, football 10 is less likely to be caught up in the wind and more easily cuts through the wind due to its relatively heavier weight.

[0083] The sport of flag football, which is planned to be an Olympic sport/event beginning in 2028, may be faster and may take place on a smaller field. The sport of Beach flag, flag football in sand, may also be faster and may take place on a smaller field. As a result, tight window throws with defenders close to the intended receiver may be more prevalent. In addition, screens, reverses and use of multiple quarterbacks may also be more common. As a result, players must more quickly catch the ball, grip it and throw it downfield, sometimes without the luxury of using the laces due to a lack of time. The smaller size of football 10 allows such players to more quickly grasp and throw football 10, possibly without use of the laces, while the proportionally increased weight may enhance the ability of the player to impart increased velocity such that football 10 cuts through the air or wind.

[0084] In addition to increasing the weight of football 10 above and beyond the weight of traditional correspondingly sized footballs, weights 30 are strategically located to achieve tighter and more prolonged spiral throws. Football 10, with weights 30, facilitates throws that undergo or experience less wobble, being better able to cut through the air and hit targeted receivers in tight windows. The strategic positioning of weights 30 provide football 10 with a larger moment of inertia ratio. The moment of inertia ratio refers to the ratio of longitudinal moment of inertia relative to an average of 0 moment of inertia and 90 moment of inertia of the football. The longitudinal moment of inertia is the degree to which the ball resists spinning about axis 18. The 0-degree moment of inertia is the degree to which the ball resists spinning about transverse axis 38 (centered between the opposite noses of the football). The 90 moment of inertia is the degree to which the ball resists spinning about transverse axis 36. The example footballs exhibit a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 70 oz-in.sup.2. The example footballs exhibit a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 80 oz-in.sup.2. The example footballs exhibit a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.58. The example footballs exhibit a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.70.

[0085] FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate one example of how to provide football 10 with the larger moment of inertia ratio, with a moment inertia ratio of at least 0.58. FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate one example of how to provide the smaller but heavier football 10 with a larger moment inertia ratio. The example football 10 is provided with larger moment of inertia ratios by providing at least one weight extending along the outer surface at a location centered between the first nose and the second nose at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis.

[0086] In the example illustrated, the at least one weight comprises individual weights 30-1, 30-2, 30-3 and 30-4 at each of 12 o'clock) (0), 3 o'clock) (90), 6 o'clock) (180) and 9 o'clock) (270) positions, respectively, about the longitudinal axis. In some implementations, the individual weights 30 comprise weighted patches. In some implementations, football 10 may comprise an inner bladder, wherein the weighted patches 30 are secured to the inner bladder. In some implementations, football 10 may comprise an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover, wherein the weighted patches 30 are secured to the inner liner. In some implementations, football 10 may comprise an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the weighted patches 30 are secured to the outer cover.

[0087] FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate another example of how to provide football 110 with the larger moment of inertia ratio, with a moment inertia ratio of at least 0.58. FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate one example of how to provide the smaller but heavier football 110 with a larger moment inertia ratio. Football 110 is similar in all respects football 10 except that football 110 comprises at least one weighted band 130 (serving as the at least one weight). FIG. 4 is an end view of football 110, augmented to illustrate the internally located weighted band 130 in section. As shown by FIG. 4, weighted band 130 encircles the longitudinal axis 18 proximate the outer surface of the body 12. As shown by FIG. 3, weighted band 130 is centered between the first nose 14 and the second nose 16.

[0088] In some implementations, the at least one weighted band 130 has an edge 131 closest to the first nose 14 and spaced from the first nose 14 by second distance that is at least two thirds the first distance. In some implementations, football 110 may comprise an inner bladder, wherein the at least one weighted band 130 is secured to the inner bladder. In some implementations, football 110 may comprise an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover, wherein the at least one weighted band 130 is secured to the inner liner. In some implementations, football 110 may comprise an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the at least one weighted band 130 is secured to the outer cover. In some implementations, at least portions of weighted band 130 may comprise a sensor.

[0089] FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate portions of an example football 210. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of football 210. Football 210 is similar in all respects to football 10 except that football 210 is specifically in the form of a multilayered football having a prolate spheroidal shaped body 212 formed from an innermost layer in the form of an inner bladder 240, an outermost layer in the form of an outer cover 242 and an intermediate layer in the form of an intermediate liner 244. Football 210 is further specifically disclosed as having weights 230 in place of the above-described weights 30. Although not shown, football 210 may comprise stripes 22 described above or may omit such stripes. Those remaining components of football 210 which correspond to components of football 10 are numbered similarly.

[0090] Bladder 240 has a prolate spheroidal shape having a central axis 18 which also serves as a central axis of football 10. Bladder 240 forms a core of football 10 and is generally inflatable. In one implementation, bladder 240 comprises an inflatable air to which receives and retains compressed air through a valve assembly 26. The valve assembly 26 allows air to enter bladder 240 through use of an inflation needle (not shown) and, when removed, retain the air within bladder 240.

[0091] Bladder 240 may be formed from a substantially uniform layer of rubber-like material provided by at least one panel. In some implementations, bladder 240 is formed by multiple panels bonded to one another such as through radiofrequency welding. In one implementation, bladder 240 is formed from two multi-layer sheets of flexible airtight material that are bonded to each other to form a bladder seam through radio frequency (RF) welding. In yet other embodiments, bladder 240 may be seamless and formed from a single or multilayer sheet of material. In one implementation, bladder 240 may be formed from a polyester urethane or an ether urethane but may be formed from other materials including other urethane's, other polymeric materials, rubber, vinyl, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA), and combinations thereof.

[0092] Outer cover 242 substantially covers the entire exterior surface of bladder 240 such that outer cover 242 also has a prolate spheroidal shape. Outer cover 242 provides an outermost surface of football 210. This outermost surface, in some implementations, may be dimpled to facilitate gripping a football 210. In one implementation, the outermost surface of cover 242 may be a continuous molded layer of material. In another implementation, the outermost layer of cover 242 may be formed from multiple panels joined to one another along multiple seams. In one implementation, the outermost layer of cover 242 may be formed from a leather or synthetic leather. In yet other implementations, the outermost layer of cover 242 may be formed from a polymer, a rubber or rubber-like material.

[0093] FIG. 6 is a side view illustrating football 210 without outer cover 242 to illustrate liner 244 and weights 230. Intermediate liner 244 comprises a layer of material sandwiched between bladder 240 and cover 242. For purposes of this disclosure, a layer refers to the single continuous sheet or panel of material or multiple panels joined to one another adjacent or along their edges so as to be coplanar in the case of flat panels or so as to form substantially serial curvatures in the case of curved panels. The term substantially serial curvatures refers to two consecutive portions that have non-parallel curvatures of the same radius with respect to a common axis. In one implementation, the edges of the adjacent curved panels are end to end or edge to edge. In one implementation, end portions of adjacent panels may overlap one another, wherein a remainder of the nonoverlapping portions of the curved panels form substantially serial curvatures, or the nonoverlapping portions of the panels, and the majority of the surface area of such panels have nonparallel curvatures of the same radius about a common axis.

[0094] Weights 230 are similar to weights 30 described above except that weights 230 are specifically disclosed as being secured to and supported by intermediate liner 244 at each of 12 o'clock) (0), 3 o'clock) (90), 6 o'clock) (180) and 9 o'clock) (270) positions. Weights 230 provide liner 244 with a nonuniform distribution of mass amongst different regions or portions of liner 244. In some implementations, the individual weights 230 comprise weighted patches. As with football 10, in some implementations, football 210 has a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm. Weights 230 increase the weight of football 210 above that of traditional, similarly sized footballs. As with weights 30, weights 230 increase the weight of football 210 above that of traditional, similarly sized footballs. In the example illustrated, similarly sized footballs typically have a weight of 340 to 380 g. In contrast, football 210, with weights 230, has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g. In other words, weights 230 increase the weight of football 210 by at least 10 g and up to 70 g.

[0095] As with weights 30, weights 230 are strategically located to achieve tighter and more prolonged spiral throws. Football 210, with weights 230, facilitates throws that undergo or experience less wobble, being better able to cut through the air and hit targeted receivers in tight windows. The strategic positioning of weights 230 provide football 210 with a larger moment of inertia ratio. In the example illustrated, football 210 exhibits a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 70 oz-in.sup.2. Football 210 exhibits a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 80 oz-in.sup.2. Football 210 exhibits a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.58. Football 210 exhibits a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.70.

[0096] FIG. 7 is a side view illustrating portions of an example football 310. FIG. 4 illustrates football 310 without outer cover 242, illustrating liner 244 with weight 330. Football 310 is similar in all respects to football 210 described above except that football 310 comprises weight 330 in place of the distinct spaced individual weights 230. Weight 330 comprises a weighted band that is secured to intermediate liner 244 and that encircles the longitudinal axis 18 proximate the outer surface of the body 12. Weight 330 is located between bladder 240 and outer cover 242. As shown by FIG. 7, weighted band 330 is centered between the first nose 14 and the second nose 16.

[0097] In some implementations, the at least one weighted band 330 has an edge 331 closest to the first nose 14 and spaced from the first nose 14 by a distance D1 that is at least two thirds of the distance D2 separating axis 36 (equidistant between noses 14 and 16) and nose 14. Likewise, the at least one weighted band 330 has an edge 333 closest to the second nose 16 and spaced from the second nose 16 by a distance that is at least two thirds of the distance separating axis 36 and nose 16. The location of edges 331 and 333 and their spacing from noses 14 and 16, respectively, increases the moment of inertia ratio. Although weight 330 is illustrated as a single continuous uninterrupted band providing edges 331 and 333, in other implementations, weight 330 may comprise multiple longitudinally spaced bands or multiple bands that at least partially overlap one another, wherein the particular band closest to nose 14 forms edge 331 and the particular band closest to nose 16 forms edge 333.

[0098] As described above, in some implementations, weights 230 and 330 may be formed by panels or patches of material secured to an inner outer surface of liner 244. Such securement may be made by adhesive, fusing or stitching. In some implementations, weights 230 and 330 may alternatively be formed by selectively patterning and coating a material at the illustrated locations on the surface of liner 244. In still other implementations, weights 230 and 330 may alternatively be formed by differently forming different portions of liner 244 from different material compositions. For example, those portions of liner 244 having weights 230 or 330 may be formed from a heavier or denser composition of material or materials. Those portions of liner 244 with the heavier or denser composition of materials may be integrally formed as part of singing unitary body with the remainder of liner 244. For purposes of this disclosure, a material composition refers to the chemical makeup of the material or combination of materials. Such composition does not encompass the shape (smooth, rough, perforate, imperforate, dimpled, grooved or the like), form (solid, fabric, foamed or the like) or dimensions (thickness or other dimension of the material).

[0099] FIG. 8 illustrates portions of an example football 410. Football 410 is similar to football 210 in all respects except that football 410 comprises an intermediate liner 444 in place of liner 244. FIG. 8 illustrates one of four substantial identical panels 445 that form liner 444, and that are to be joined to one another, that are to be secured to the outer surface of bladder 240 and/or an inner surface of cover 242. Those remaining components of football 410 which correspond to components of football 210 are shown in with respect to football 210 are shown in FIG. 5 and/or are described above.

[0100] As shown by FIG. 8, each of the four substantially identical panels that form liner 444 is nonuniform in material density (mass for a given unit of surface area). The nonuniform material density is provided by selectively locating layer voids or perforations 450 in the layer of panel 445. In the example illustrated, panel 445 comprises a central region 454 and two end regions 456-1, 456-2. Region 456-1 is located between region 454 and the nose 414 of panel 445 which is to be located proximate to nose 14 of football 410. Region 456-2 is located between region 454 and the nose 416 of panel 445 which is to be located proximate to nose 16 of football 410. Regions 456 have a greater area of voids as compared to region 454. Said another way, region 454 has fewer voids or the greater solid surface area as compared region 456. As result, liner 414 has concentrated weight in regions 454 that extend completely about (360 about) axis 18 of the football 410. Consequently, the increased weight is distributed in asymmetrical fashion completely about axis 18, lessening the chance of while being introduced due to weight nonuniformity about axis 18. This concentrated weight forms a weight 430 similar to weight 330.

[0101] As with edges 331 and 333 of weight 330, region 454 have edges 431 and 433 which are spaced from noses 414 and 416, respectively, by a distance of at least two thirds the distance separating midpoint 436 of panel 445 from each of noses 414 and 416 (by distance of at least 0.667 of the distance X/2, wherein X equals the linear distance separating noses 414 and 416). In the example illustrated, regions 456-1 and 456-2 have particular layouts of apertures, perforations or voids 450 to mitigate any structural strength caused by the provision of such openings or perforations. In other implementations, region 456 may have different patterns or arrangements of the same or differently sized apertures or voids 450. In some implementations, portions of region 454 may likewise include perforations, but wherein the material density of region 454 remains greater than the material density of region 456.

[0102] FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate portions of an example football 510. FIG. 9 is a sectional view of football 510. Football 510 is similar in all respects to football 210 except that football 510 is specifically described as having weights 530 in place of the above-described weights 230. Although not shown, football 510 may comprise stripes 22 described above or may omit such stripes. Those remaining components of football 510 which correspond to components of football 210 or football 10 are numbered similarly.

[0103] FIG. 10 is a side view illustrating football 510 without outer cover 242 and with further without liner 244 to illustrate bladder 240 and weights 530. Weights 530 are similar to weights 30 described above except that weights 530 are specifically disclosed as being secured to and supported by bladder 240 at each of 12 o'clock) (0), 3 o'clock) (90), 6 o'clock) (180) and 9 o'clock) (270) positions. Weights 530 provide bladder 240 with a nonuniform distribution of mass amongst different regions or portions of bladder 240. In some implementations, the individual weights 530 comprise weighted patches. As with football 10, in some implementations, football 510 has a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm. Weights 230 increase the weight of football 210 above that of traditional, similarly sized footballs. As with weights 30, weights 530 increase the weight of football 510 above that of traditional, similarly sized footballs. In the example illustrated, similarly sized footballs typically have a weight of 340 to 380 g. In contrast, football 510, with weights 230, has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g. In other words, weights 230 increase the weight of football 210 by at least 10 g and up to 70 g.

[0104] As with weights 30, weights 530 are strategically located to achieve tighter and more prolonged spiral throws. Football 510, with weights 530, facilitates throws that undergo or experience less wobble, being better able to cut through the air and hit targeted receivers in tight windows. The strategic positioning of weights 530 provides football 510 with a larger moment of inertia ratio. In the example illustrated, football 510 exhibits a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 70 oz-in.sup.2. Football 510 exhibits a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 80 oz-in.sup.2. Football 510 exhibits a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.58. Football 510 exhibits a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.70. Although weight 530 are treated as being rectangular and is having particular sizes, in other implementations, weights 530 may have other shapes and other sizes. In some implementations, weights 530 comprise patches having a uniform thickness. In some implementations, weights 530 may comprise patches having a nonuniform thickness. For example, the patches serving as weights 530 may have a greater thickness (and therefore greater mass) proximate a center of such patches, wherein the thickness of such patches ramp down or decrease as the perimeter of such patches is approached. Such a configuration may offer enhanced weight concentration at the 12 o'clock (0) , 3 o'clock) (90), 6 o'clock) (180) and 9 o'clock (270) positions.

[0105] FIG. 11 is a side view illustrating portions of an example football 610. FIG. 11 illustrates football 610 without outer cover 242 and with further without liner 244, illustrating bladder 240 and weight 630. Football 610 is similar in all respects to football 510 described above except that football 610 comprises weight 630 in place of the distinct spaced individual weights 530. Weight 630 comprises a weighted band that is secured to bladder 240 and that encircles the longitudinal axis 18 proximate the outer surface of the body 12. Weight 630 is located on an interior side of liner 244. As shown by FIG. 11, weight 630 is centered between the first nose 14 and the second nose 16 of the body 12 partially formed by bladder 240.

[0106] In some implementations, the at least one band serving as weight 630 has an edge 631 closest to the first nose 14 and spaced from the first nose 14 by a distance D1 that is at least two thirds of the distance D2 separating axis 36 (equidistant between noses 14 and 16) and nose 14. Likewise, the at least one band forming weight 630 has an edge 633 closest to the second nose 16 and spaced from the second nose 16 by a distance that is at least two thirds of the distance separating axis 36 and nose 16. The location of edges 631 and 633 and their spacing from noses 14 and 16, respectively, increases the moment of inertia ratio. Although weight 630 is illustrated as a single continuous uninterrupted band providing edges 631 and 633, in other implementations, weight 630 may comprise multiple longitudinally spaced bands or multiple bands that at least partially overlap one another, wherein the particular band closest to nose 14 forms edge 631 and the particular band closest to nose 16 forms edge 633.

[0107] As described above, in some implementations, weights 630 and 630 may be formed by panels or patches of material secured to an inner or outer surface of bladder 240. FIG. 12 is a sectional view illustrating a portion of bladder 240 which is within individual weight 530, 630 secured to bladder 240. Such securement may be made by adhesive, fusing or stitching. In some implementations, weights 530 and 630 may alternatively be formed by selectively patterning and coating a material at the illustrated locations on the surface of bladder 240, wherein the weight 530, 630 shown in FIG. 12 is coated/painted/sprayed or otherwise deposited upon bladder 240. In still other implementations, weights 230 and 330 may alternatively be formed by providing different portions of bladder 240 with different material compositions or material thicknesses. For example, those portions of liner 244 having weights 230 or 330 may be formed from a heavier or denser composition of material or materials. Those portions of liner 244 with the heavier or denser composition of materials may be integrally formed as part of singing unitary body with the remainder of liner 244. FIG. 13 is a sectional view of bladder 240, wherein particular portions of bladder 240 are molded, extruded or otherwise formed with thicker regions 637 at locations and with dimensions corresponding to weights 530 in football 510 or weight 630 in football 610. In such an implementation, bladder 240 is integrally formed as a single unitary body with thicker regions providing the weight concentrations at the illustrated moment of inertia ratio increasing locations.

[0108] Although each of the above-described footballs is described in the context of a football configured for competitive, sanctioned adult flag football, wherein the American style football has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g, a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm, in other implementations, the above-described American style footballs may be modified for competitive sanctioned Youth, Junior or Pee Wee flag football. In such implementations, the location of the weight or weights and the means by which the weight is secured or provided as part of the football is similar to the above-described examples, but wherein the size of the footballs and the amount of added weight may vary from what is described above with respect to the adult sized footballs. For example, in some implementations, for Youth football, each of the above American style footballs may alternatively have a long circumference of at least 641 mm and no greater than 654 mm, a short circumference of at least 470 mm and no greater than 483 mm, a longitudinal length 257 mm and no greater than 267 mm, and a weight of at least 350 g and no greater than 370 g. For Junior flag football, each of the above American style footballs may alternatively have a long circumference of at least 600 mm and no greater than 615 mm, a short circumference of at least 440 mm and no greater than 455 mm, a longitudinal length of at least 240 mm and no greater than 255 mm, and a weight of at least 330 g and no greater than 350 g. For Pee Wee flag football, each of the above American style footballs may alternatively have a long circumference of at least 560 mm and no greater than 575 mm, a short circumference of at least 410 mm and no greater than 425 mm, a longitudinal length of at least 223 mm and no greater than 232 mm, and a weight of at least 300 g and no greater than 330 g.

[0109] FIGS. 14-28 illustrate portions of an example American style football 710 having stripes that assist with gripping of the football. In some implementations, football 710 may be similar to any of the footballs 10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 510 or 610, as described above, but wherein football 710 comprises the illustrated and described stripes 722 instead of stripes 22. In some implementations, football 710 may comprise a single layer body. For example, football 710 may be molded or formed from a single set of panels joined to one another. In some implementation football 710 may comprise a multilayer body having a bladder and a cover layer or having a bladder, an intermediate liner layer and a cover layer as described above. In the example illustrated, football 710 comprises an inflatable body 712 having an inflation port 724.

[0110] In some implementations, football 710 may have a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g, a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm. In other implementations, the football 710 may be modified for competitive sanctioned Youth, Junior or Pee Wee flag football. In such implementations, the location of the weight or weights and the means by which the weight is secured or provided as part of the football is similar to the above-described examples, but wherein the size of the footballs and the amount of added weight may vary from what is described above with respect to the adult sized footballs. For example, in some implementations, for Youth football, each of the above American style footballs may alternatively have a long circumference of at least 641 mm and no greater than 654 mm, a short circumference of at least 470 mm and no greater than 483 mm, a longitudinal length 257 mm and no greater than 267 mm, and a weight of at least 350 g and no greater than 370 g. For Junior flag football, football 710 may alternatively have a long circumference of at least 600 mm and no greater than 615 mm, a short circumference of at least 440 mm and no greater than 455 mm, a longitudinal length of at least 240 mm and no greater than 255 mm, and a weight of at least 330 g and no greater than 350 g. For Pee Wee flag football, football 710 may alternatively have a long circumference of at least 560 mm and no greater than 575 mm, a short circumference of at least 410 mm and no greater than 425 mm, a longitudinal length of at least 223 mm and no greater than 232 mm, and a weight of at least 300 g and no greater than 330 g. In each of such implementations, football 710 may alternatively have a weight falling within a traditional weight range for the size of the football such listed above. In some implementations, football 710 may omit the moment of inertia enhancing weights described above with respect to FIG. 1-13.

[0111] As shown by FIGS. 14-20, football 710 comprises a prolate spheroidal shaped body 712 having the corresponding prolate spheroidal shaped outer or outermost surface. Body 712 has a first nose 714 and a second nose 716 opposite the first nose 714. The first nose 714 and the second nose 716 are located along a longitudinal axis 718 of the football.

[0112] Football 710 further comprises lacing portion 720 and stripes 722-1, 722-2 (collectively referred to as stripes 722) Lacing portion 720 features a series or row 733 of laces 734, parallel projections that project from the exterior surface of the body 712 on one side, the upper half, of football 710, distant central axis 718 and generally centered between two noses 714, 716 of football 710. Lacing portion 720 extends parallel to axis 718 and is intersected by a transverse axis 736 which is perpendicular to transverse axis 738 (as shown in FIG. 15). Lacing portion 720 provides multiple spaced grooves in which a person's fingers may be located when gripping football 710. Lacing portion 720 further provides a sufficient protrusion by which a person throwing football 10 may impart spin to football 710.

[0113] In one implementation, lacing portion 720 is formed by a lacing (a band or a string) that is threaded through portions of the outermost layer of body 712. In one implementation, lacing portion 720 is formed along a seam of multiple panels which form the outermost layer of body 712. In yet other implementations, lacing portion 720 may be formed in other locations between seams. In still other implementations, such as where outermost of body 712 is a molded layer of rubber or a polymer rubber-like material, lacing portion 720 may itself be adhered or welded onto the outer surface of body 712 or may be molded as part of the outermost layer of body 712.

[0114] Stripes 722-1 and 722-2 extend along the surface of an upper half 723 of body 712 between lacing portion 720 between noses 714 and 716, respectively. The stripes 722 are generally continuous from a region between the row 733 of laces and the noses 14, 16 on the upper half 723 of the football 710 to an underside or the bottom half 725 of football 710. In other words, stripes 722 extend at least 180 degrees about the longitudinal axis 718. The upper half 723 of the body is separated from a lower half 725 of the body 712 by a plane containing the longitudinal axis 718, generally equidistant from the surface containing the lacing portion 720 and the directly opposite surface of the body 712. In some implementations, stripes 722 each extend 360 degrees about the longitudinal axis.

[0115] Each of stripes 722 is irregularly shaped in that each of stripes 722 has a nonuniform width along its length and/or does not extend along a purely circular path or centerline contained in a single plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 718 of the football 710. In some implementations, stripes 722 both have a non-uniform widths along their lengths. The stripes 722 are shaped so as to encompass recommended gripping locations for the index finger and the thumb.

[0116] In the example illustrated, as shown by FIG. 14, stripe 722-1 comprises a first portion 800-1 aligned with the row 733 between a first end 801 of the row 733 and nose 714. As shown by FIGS. 15 and 20, stripe 722-1 has a second portion 804-1 on the lower half 725 of the body 712, the second portion 804-1 being longitudinally closer to the second nose 716 than the first portion 800-1. Stripe 722-1 continuously extends, without interruption, from the first portion to the second portion.

[0117] In the example illustrated, stripe 722-1 bows about the first end 801-1 of the row 733 and wherein the second strip 722-2 bows about the second end 801-2 of the row. In some implementations, stripe 722-1 has a concave inner edge facing 810 facing the first end 801-1 of the row 733 and a convex outer edge 812 between the inner edge 810 and the first nose 714. In some implementations, stripe 722-1 has a concave outer edge 814 facing the first nose 714 and crossing a midline 815 between the upper half 723 and the lower half 725 of the body 712. In some implementations, the first portion 800-1 has a first width along the longitudinal axis and wherein the second portion 804-1 has a second width, greater than the first width, along the longitudinal axis. In some implementations, the second portion 804-1 has an outer edge 818 bowing outwardly towards the first nose 714. As shown by FIGS. 17, 18 and 20, stripe 722-1 has an inner edge 820 that faces nose 716 and that is substantially straight or linear as it crosses midline 815 and as it extends to and past midline 815 on the other side of football 710. The edge 820 is straight along its entire length until beginning to bow around the end 801-1 of row 733, forming portion 800-1.

[0118] In the example illustrated, the transitions between edges 812, 814 and 818 of stripe 722-1 are smooth or rounded curves. Likewise, the transitions between edges 810 and 820 of stripe 722-1 are smooth or rounded curves, forming the concave and convex shapes. In other implementations the transitions between each of such edges may alternatively formed by linear or straight segments (polygonal segments) joined to one another at particular angles and forming corners between such segments. For example, edge 812 may be linear and may be joined to the linear edge 814 by an intervening angled edge, wherein edge 818 is linear and joined to edge 814 by interconnecting linear edges. Likewise, the linear edge 820 and a linear edge 810 may be joined by an intervening angled linear edge rather than a smooth curve.

[0119] FIGS. 21 and 22 illustrate football 710 being gripped. As shown by such figures, the player's index finger lands upon portion 800-1 while the player's thumb lands upon portion 804-1. Due to its shape, stripe 722-1 may accommodate different hand sizes and slightly different gripping preferences. At the same time, stripe 722-1 clearly indicates to players where one's index finger and thumb should be properly located when gripping the football 710.

[0120] Wilson Sporting Goods Co. conducted a detailed examination of the hand size and grip placement on the football of the throwing hand of over 100 quarterbacks. The quarterbacks included high school level quarterbacks, college level quarterbacks and professional National Football League (NFL) quarterbacks. From this analysis, Wilson Sporting Goods Co. identified a significant majority of quarterbacks place their index fingers, middle fingers and ring fingers in locations on the football that previously lacked additional gripping structure other than the pebbled texture of the outer surface of the cover panels. Using their analysis of the quarterback grip locations, Wilson Sporting Goods placed structural grip zone elements in these three areas to provide the quarterbacks with additional structural for contact by the quarterback's index, middle and ring fingertips. The result is a football that is easier to grip, grasp, control and throw. Table 1 below illustrates a summary of the hand size data collected from measuring the hands of well over 100 quarterbacks. Table 2 below illustrates the fingertip and thumb tip grip locations of over 100 high school quarterbacks.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 QUARTERBACK HAND SIZE MEASUREMENT PROFESSIONAL COLLEGE HIGH SCHOOL Pinky Pinky Pinky Middle Finger Middle Finger Middle Finger Middle Finger to Middle Finger to Middle Finger to Finger to Thumb Finger to Thumb Finger to Thumb Length Wrist Span Length Wrist Span Length Wrist Span Avg 3.64 7.93 9.75 3.47 7.67 9.64 3.37 7.49 9.31 (in.) Std. 0.24 0.24 0.71 0.13 0.30 0.46 0.19 0.30 0.54 Dev

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 FINGERTIP GRIP LOCATIONS OF HIGH SCHOOL QUARTERBACKS Index Clocking Middle Clocking Ring Clocking Pinky Clocking Clocking Finger about Finger about Finger about Finger about Thumb about Z-Loc. Z-axis Z-Loc. Z-axis Z-Loc. Z-axis Z-Loc. Z-axis Z-Loc. Z-axis (in.) (deg.) (in.) (deg.) (in.) (deg.) (in.) (deg.) (in.) (deg.) 6.93 35.51 4.69 25.45 3.28 14.48 1.82 340 to 15 5.04 212.46 0.47 41.57 0.47 6.38 0.40 5.44 0.52 0.67 9.63

[0121] Table 1 above illustrates that the average hand size of quarterbacks increase in size from the high school level to the college level and then to the professional level. Table 2 above identifies the placement locations of the fingertips of high school quarterbacks on footballs having the Official size, a football having a long circumference of at least 695 millimeters and no greater than 710 mm, a short circumference of at least 520 mm and no greater than 528 mm, and a length of at least 279 mm and no greater than to 285 mm. Referring to FIG.17, the quarterback fingertip locations were taken with respect to a transverse plane 750 extending along the end 801-2 of row 733 of lacing portion 720 of the football 710. The Z dimensions were recorded from the transverse plane 750 in a direction extending parallel to a longitudinal axis, 718, of the football 710 toward nose 71 of the football 710. The quarterback tip locations were also recorded using a clocking measurement in degrees. The clocking measurements are taken with respect to or about the z-axis with the 0-degree position aligning with the longitudinal dimension of row 733. Accordingly, the index fingertip grip locations have the largest z-dimension value, followed by the thumb tip location, then the middle fingertip grip location, the ring fingertip grip location, and the pinky fingertip location. The clocking position of the index fingertip on the football 710 has a large amount of variability with the most common location being at 35.51 degrees. The middle fingertip and the ring fingertip grip locations were much more consistent with a relatively small amount of variability. The pinky fingertip location also had a large amount of variability, but generally also fall on or directly adjacent to the row 73. Accordingly, the pinky fingertip location generally includes the lacing portion 720 which provide structure for the quarterback to apply his or her pinky to in order to improve his ability to throw the football well.

[0122] For an Official sized football 710, the first portion 800-1 encompasses a location longitudinally spaced from the second end 801-2 of the row by a distance of at least 6 inches and angularly located or clocked about the longitudinal axis by 35 degrees, wherein a zero degree position aligns with the row. The second portion 804-1 encompasses a location longitudinally spaced from the second end of the row 801-2 by a distance of at least 4 inches and angularly located or clocked about the longitudinal axis by 212 degrees, wherein a zero degree position aligns with the row 733.

[0123] For a football 710 having a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm, the first portion 800-1 encompasses a location longitudinally spaced from the first end 801-1 of the row by a distance of at least 47 mm and angularly located or clocked (clockwise) about the longitudinal axis by 35 degrees, wherein a zero degree position aligns with the row 733 and is viewed from nose 716. The second portion 804-1 encompasses a location longitudinally spaced from the first end of the row 801-1 by a distance of at least 3 mm (between the end 801-1 and nose 716, closer to nose 716 than end 801-1 by at least 3 mm) and angularly located or clocked (clockwise) about the longitudinal axis by 227 degrees, wherein a zero degree position aligns with the row 733 and is viewed from nose 716. In such an implementation, the football may have a traditional weight of at least 340 and no greater than 380 g. Alternatively, such as when the ball is specifically carried for adult use in competitive or sanctioned flag football, such as the Olympics, the ball may have an enhanced weight, as described above with respect to any of the particular enhanced weight footballs described with respect to FIG. 1-13. For example, the football 710 with such dimensions may have a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g.

[0124] FIGS. 23-27 illustrate various dimensions of stripe 722-1. FIG. 23 illustrates the longitudinal width LW1 of portion 800-1 as well as the circumferential length CL1 of portion 800-1. In some implementations, the first portion 800-1 has a longitudinal width LW1 of at least 30 mm in a circumferential length CW1 of at least 60 mm in some implementations at least 65 mm. in some implementations, the second portion has a longitudinal width of at least 40 mm. As shown by FIG. 24, in some implementations, the first portion 800-1 is longitudinally spaced from the first end 801-of the row 733 by a spacing distance SD1 of at least 20 mm, in some implementations at least 30 mm, and yet other implementations at least 40 mm. As shown by FIGS. 23, 25 and 27, in some implementations, the first portion 800-1 has a first longitudinal width LW1, wherein the second portion 804-1 has a second longitudinal width LW2 greater than the first longitudinal width LW1 and wherein the first stripe 722-1 has a third portion 830 connecting the first portion 800-1 and the second portion 804-1, the third portion 830-1 having a third longitudinal width LW3 less than the first longitudinal width LW1. In some implementations, the longitudinal width LW2 is at least 40 mm in some implementations, the longitudinal width LW3 is at least 20 mm and no greater than 30 mm while being less than the longitudinal width LW1. In some implementations, the third portion eight earned 30-1 is substantially linear, having opposite linear edges, the third portion 830-1 having a circumferential length CL 2 of at least 50 mm and in the illustrated example 60 mm.

[0125] FIG. 26 illustrates the longitudinal positioning of the row end 801-1 with a broken line. As shown by FIG. 26, the inner edge 820 is longitudinally spaced (along axis 718 shown in FIG. 14) from the longitudinal positioning of the end 801-1 of row 733 by a longitudinal distance S of at least 8 mm and no greater than 12 mm, with one example being at 10 mm. As further shown by FIG. 25, portion 804-1 extends further towards nose 714. As result, portion 804-1 not only encompasses the contact point of the thumb during proper gripping of football 710 but is sized so as to completely underlie the surface of the thumb pressed against portion 804-1 during gripping of football 710.

[0126] As shown by FIG. 27, in some implementations, portion 804-1 has a circumferential length CL3 greater than the circumferential length CL 1. In some implementations, the circumferential length CL3 is at least 70 mm. As shown by FIG. 15, in some implementations, this the portion 804-1 extends by an angle A of at least 30 angularly about axis 718 on the bottom half or lower half 725 of football 710, at least 15 from each side of axis 736 (shown in FIG. 15). In some implementations, the angle A is at least 40 in some implementations, at least 50. As shown by FIG. 23, in some implementations, the first portion 800-1 has an inner edge 810 proximate the first end 801-1 of the row 733 and an outer edge 812 proximate the first nose 714, wherein the inner edge 810 is spaced from the first end 801-1 of the row 733 by a first distance D1 and wherein the outer edge 812 is spaced from the first nose 714 by a second distance D2 less than the first distance.

[0127] Stripe 722-2 is identical to stripe 722-1, but mirrors stripe 722-1 (relative to a plane containing axis 736 and perpendicular to axis 718) on an opposite end of football 710, proximate to nose 716. As shown by FIG. 16, the second stripe 722-2 comprises third portion 800-2 aligned with the row 733 and between a second end 801-2 of the row 73 and the second nose 716 and a fourth portion 804-2 on the lower half 725 of the body 712, the fourth portion 804-2 being longitudinally closer to the first nose 714 than the third portion 800-2. Portions 800-2 and 804-2 have similar spacings with respect to row 733 and similar dimensions as compared to portions 800-1 and 804-1, respectively. Portions 800-2 and 804-2 are connected by portion 830-2 which is identical to portion 830-1, located on an opposite and of football 710, towards nose 716 instead of nose 714. The mirroring stripes 722-1 and 722-2 are symmetrical with respect to plane containing axis 738 and extending perpendicular to axis 718.

[0128] Because the above-described recommended gripping locations are indicated using the pair of stripes 722, the recommended gripping location may be indicated on both ends of the ball to indicate recommended gripping points when either of the noses of the footballer facing forward for a throw. Because such recommended gripping locations are indicated using the pair stripes 722, football 710 has a visual appearance closer to that of traditional footballs (some college and high school footballs) to which players are accustomed. As with traditional stripes, stripes 722 make the ball easier to see and track and fast-paced plays. However, stripes 722, being irregularly shaped, provide the additional function of indicating proper gripping points on football 710. This additional function of stripes 722 may be achieved without adding additional markings on the surface of football and without adding additional pieces or components to the football 710, maintaining an uncluttered outer appearance of football 710 and maintaining manufacturing simplicity for football 710. Because such gripping locations are indicated using the pair of stripes that extend about or substantially about the longitudinal axis of the football 710, any resulting added weight or mass may be more uniformly or symmetrically distributed both along and about the longitudinal axis of the football 710.

[0129] In some implementations, each of the stripes 722 has a first tackiness and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the stripes have a second tackiness less than the first tackiness. Tackiness may be measured or quantified as a coefficient of friction when measured in accordance with the standard test method for static coefficient of friction of ASTM D1894-01. In some implementations, the adjacent portions of the outer surface of the body 712 have a static coefficient of friction that is less than 1.0 and wherein the stripes 722 have a static coefficient of friction greater than 1.0. In some implementations, the first portions 800 and the second portions 804 each have a static coefficient of friction greater than 2.0. In some implementations, the portions 800, 804 each have a static coefficient of friction greater than 3.0. In some implementations, the portions 800 each have a first static coefficient of friction and wherein the portions 804 each have a second static coefficient of friction different than the first static coefficient of friction. In some implementations, the first static coefficient of friction is less than the second static coefficient of friction.

[0130] In some implementations, each of the stripes 722 has a first compressibility and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the stripes 722 have a second compressibility less than the first compressibility. For example, stripes 722-1 and 722-2 may be formed by strips of material that are foamed or that have a compressible thickness. The stripes 722 may be bonded, stitched or fused or otherwise secured to underlying panels of the body. The resulting different or enhanced compressibility of the stripes may provide a player with a tactile sensation indicating when the player's index finger and thumb are appropriately positioned on such stripes and appropriately gripping football.

[0131] In some implementations, each of the stripes 722 has a first texture and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the stripes have a second texture different than the first texture. For example, in some implementations, the stripes 722 may each be rougher than adjacent portions of the body 712 alongside the stripe 722. In some implementations with stripes 722 may be pebbled, whereas adjacent portions of the body are not pebbled. In some implementations, the stripes 722 may have a first pebbled surface different than the peddling of surfaces adjacent to such stripes 722.

[0132] In some implementations, the stripes 722 may have a first height and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent such stripes have a second height different than the first height. The different height may provide a tactile indication to the player when his or her thumb and index finger are properly positioned on such stripes 722 and properly gripping the football. In some implementations, the first and second stripes 722 may both be overlaid upon an underlying panel so as to rise up above the surface of the adjacent portions. In some implementations, the first and second stripes 722 may be provided in channels or recesses.

[0133] In some implementations, the perimeter of the stripes 722 may outline the shape of the stripes and have a different height, texture or compressibility as compared to and those surface portions adjacent such stripes to tactically indicate to the player that his or her index finger and thumb are properly positioned on the stripe 722 and properly gripping of the football 710. For example, in some implementations, the edges of such stripes 722 may be stitched to an underlying panel forming the body of the football or may be stitched or fused edge-to-edge with other panels that form the body 712 of the football 710, wherein the stitching seam, fusing joint or the like have a distinct height, texture or compressibility, tactilely outlining the edges of the stripe 722.

[0134] FIGS. 28-35 illustrate various examples of how stripe 722-1 may be provided on the surface of body 712 of football 710. Stripe 722-2 may be performed in similar manners. Each of FIGS. 29-36 illustrate an example stripe with respect to the outermost layer of body 712. As discussed above, body 712 may be a single layer body, wherein the outermost layer is the only layer or may comprise multiple layers. For example, in each of the examples shown in FIG. 28-35, additional underlying or more internal layers may be provided such a body with an additional underlying bladder or a body with an additional underlying bladder and intermediate liner (one example being described above with respect to FIG. 5).

[0135] FIG. 28 illustrates an example where stripe 722-1 comprises a panel of one or more layers that overlies and is secured to the underlying outermost panel 900 by stitching 902. In other implementations, stripe 722-1 may be bonded or fused to the underlying panel 900.

[0136] FIG. 29 illustrates an example where stripe 722-1 comprises a panel of one or more layers secured edge-two-edge between different or distinct panels 906 within an opening formed in a single panel 906. Such securement may be made by stitches 902, adhesives and/or fusing. FIG. 30 illustrates an example similar to the example shown in FIG. 29, but wherein the panel forming stripe 722-1 has a thickness greater than the thickness of the panel or panels 906 such that stripe 722 has a height greater than the height of the panel or panels 906, projecting a rising above the outer more surface of the panel or panels 906. FIG. 31 illustrates an example similar to example 31, but wherein the panel forming stripe 722-1 has a thickness less than the thickness of the panel 906 or panels 906 such as the outer surface of stripe 722-1 is recessed.

[0137] FIG. 32 illustrates an example where stripe 722-1 comprises a film or coating applied to the underlying panel 900 forming the outermost surface of body 712. The film or coating may be painted arise applied to an outer surface of panel 900. In each of the example shown in FIGS. 28-34, the panel or coating forming stripe 722-1 may have a thickness and a material composition such that stripe 722-1 or those portions of the outer surface of football 710 provided with stripes 722-1 have a greater degree of compressibility as compared to surrounding portions.

[0138] FIG. 33 illustrate an example where a gap 912 is formed within a single panel 906 or a plurality of panels 906 that form the exterior body 712. Stripe 722-1 is formed by a panel extending across an overlying gap 9122 bridge gap 912. The panel forming stripe 722-1 may be secured to panel(S) 906 by stitching 902, fusing or adhesives. In some implementations, the panel forming stripe 722-1 may be resiliently bendable or flexible, permitting stripe 722 to be depressed inwards, into gap 912 as indicated by arrow 915. As result, stripe 722-1 have an enhanced degree of compressibility as compared to surrounding portions to provide a tactile indication to the player when his or her fingers are properly positioned on stripe 722-1.

[0139] FIG. 34 illustrates an example similar to the example shown in FIG. 34, but wherein the gap 912 is filled with a resiliently compressible filler material 918. The filler material 918 may be a foamed polymer. The panel forming stripes 722-1 is overlaid upon the filler material 918, wherein the filament on 918 permits steer stripe 722-1 to be resiliently depressed in the direction indicated by arrow 9152 provided tactile indication to the player when his or her fingers are properly positioned on stripe 722-1.

[0140] FIG. 35 is a top view of a surface of football 710 illustrating an example where stripe 722-1 has a first surface texture 924 different than that of the surface texture of adjacent surrounding portions of the outer surface of body 712, those portions having a surface texture 926. In some implementations, the surface texture 90 has a greater coefficient of friction as compared to the texture surface 926. In some implementations, texture 924 and 96 are both pebbled, but wherein texture 924 has higher individual pebbles, larger individual pebbles or greater density of individual pebbles as compared to texture 926. In some implementations, the edges 928 or the perimeter 928 of stripe 722-1 may have a height, texture, durometer, or other characteristic distinct from interior portions of stripe 722-1 and distinct from surrounding portions of stripe 722-1, wherein the perimeter 928 may be used to tactically indicate when a person has properly positioned his or her fingers on stripe 722-1.

[0141] In some implementations, stripes 722 have the illustrated shape, but have a construction similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,905,876 which issued on Dec. 9, 2014, to Guenther et al. and is entitled GAME BALL COVER WITH IMPROVED STRIPES, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0142] FIGS. 36-38 illustrate an example American style football 1010. Football 1010 is similar to football 710 described above except that football 1010 is specifically illustrated as having a multilayer body (having an internal bladder an intermediate liner) and additionally comprises visibility enhancements 1070 and weight 1030. Football 1010 may have the same dimensions as described above with respect to football 710. Those remaining components of football 1010 which correspond to components of football 710 are numbered similarly and/or are shown and described above with respect to football 710.

[0143] Visibility enhancements 1070 comprise distinct surface treatments or applications in the form of highly visible low pages light markings on the surface of body 12. In some implementations, visibility enhancements 1070 comprise highly reflective markings such as metal foils or silver or white colored markings. In such implementations, incident visible light is reflected in scattered. As a result, even lowlight conditions, such as 1070 may be more easily discerned to facilitate tracking of the ball during flight. In yet other implementations, visibility enhancements 1070 comprise glow-in-the-dark materials, such as materials having phosphors. As shown by FIGS. 36-38, visibility enhancements 1070 extend within or are tucked within a stripe concavity formed by the second concave edge 814. Because visibility enhancements 1070 are tucked within the cavities in close proximity to stripes 722, while extending parallel to the linear portions of such stripes 722, visibility enhancements 1070 do not interfere with the placement of one's fingers at the proper gripping points and may enhance the ability to additionally discern the rotation of stripe 722 during flight tracking football 1010.

[0144] As shown by FIG. 38, weight 1030 is located on an innermost layer, bladder 240 of body 712. Weight 1030 is similar to weight 630 described above. Weight 1030 comprises a weighted band that is secured to bladder 240 and that encircles the longitudinal axis 718 proximate the outer surface of the body 712. Weight 1030 is located on an interior side of bladder 240. As shown by FIG. 39, weight 1030 is centered between the first nose 714 and the second nose 716 of the body 712 partially formed by bladder 240.

[0145] In some implementations, the at least one band serving as weight 1030 has an edge 1031 closest to the first nose 714 and spaced from the first nose 714 by a distance D1 that is at least two thirds of the distance D2 separating axis 36 (equidistant between noses 714 and 716) and nose 714. Likewise, the at least band forming weight 630 has an edge 1033 closest to the second nose 16 and spaced from the second nose 716 by a distance that is at least two thirds of the distance separating axis 736 and nose 716. The location of edges 1031 and 1033 and their spacing from noses 714 and 716, respectively, increases the moment of inertia ratio. Although weight 1030 is illustrated as a single continuous uninterrupted band providing edges 1031 and 1033, in other implementations, weight 1030 may comprise multiple longitudinally spaced bands or multiple bands that at least partially overlap one another, wherein the particular band closest to nose 714 forms edge 1031 and the particular band closest to nose 716 forms edge 1033. In some implementations, weight 1030 may be secured to an exterior of bladder 240.

[0146] Although football 1010 is illustrated as comprising weight 1030, in other implementations, football 1010 may be weighted in a fashion similar to any of the above describe football 10, 110, 210, 310, 410 and 510. For example, in some implementations, in lieu of a single continuous uninterrupted band of weighting material, such as a band of rubber or synthetic rubber bonded or vulcanized to an interior or exterior surface of bladder 240, football 1010 may comprise for individual coin-shaped or other shape patches of rubber, synthetic rubber or other waiting material which are bonded to the exterior or interior surface of bladder 240 at a center point between noses 714 and 716, spaced 90 apart about axis 718 at the 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions (wherein row 733 is at the 12 o'clock position).

[0147] As described above, in some implementations, weight 1030 and may be formed by panels or patches of material secured to an inner or outer surface of bladder 240. Such securement may be made by adhesive, fusing or stitching. In some implementations, weight 1030 may alternatively be formed by selectively patterning and coating a material at the illustrated locations on the surface of bladder 240, wherein the weight 1030 is coated/painted/sprayed or otherwise deposited upon bladder 240. In still other implementations, weight 1030 may alternatively be formed by providing different portions of bladder 240 with different material compositions or material thicknesses. For example, those portions of bladder 240 having weight 1030 may be formed from a heavier or denser composition of material or materials. Those portions of bladder 240 with the heavier or denser composition of materials may be integrally formed as part of singing unitary body with the remainder of bladder 240.

[0148] Although football 1010 is described in the context of a football configured for competitive, sanctioned adult flag football, wherein the American style football has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g, a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm, in other implementations, football 1010 may be modified for competitive sanctioned Youth, Junior or Pee Wee flag football. In such implementations, the location of the weight or weights and the means by which the weight is secured or provided as part of the football is similar to the above-described examples, but wherein the size of football 1010 and the amount of added weight may vary from what is described above with respect to the adult sized footballs. For example, in some implementations, for Youth football, football 1010 may alternatively have a long circumference of at least 641 mm and no greater than 654 mm, a short circumference of at least 470 mm and no greater than 483 mm, a longitudinal length 257 mm and no greater than 267 mm, and a weight of at least 350 g and no greater than 370 g. For Junior flag football, football 1010 may alternatively have a long circumference of at least 600 mm and no greater than 615 mm, a short circumference of at least 440 mm and no greater than 455 mm, a longitudinal length of at least 240 mm and no greater than 255 mm, and a weight of at least 330 g and no greater than 350 g. For Pee Wee flag football, football 1010 may alternatively have a long circumference of at least 560 mm and no greater than 575 mm, a short circumference of at least 410 mm and no greater than 425 mm, a longitudinal length of at least 223 mm and no greater than 232 mm, and a weight of at least 300 g and no greater than 330 g.

[0149] Although the claims of the present disclosure are generally directed to various American style footballs, the present disclosure is additionally directed to the features set forth in the following definitions. [0150] 1. An American style football comprising: [0151] a prolate spheroidal shaped body having a first nose and a second nose opposite the first nose, the first nose and the second nose located along a longitudinal axis of the football, the body having an outer surface comprising: [0152] a lacing surface on an upper half of the body featuring a row of parallel projections, the row extending parallel to the longitudinal axis; [0153] a first stripe extending greater than 180 degrees about the longitudinal axis, the first stripe comprising: [0154] a first portion aligned with the row and between a first end of the row and the first nose; and [0155] a second portion on a lower half of the body, the second portion being longitudinally closer to the second nose than the first portion; and [0156] a second stripe extending greater than 180 degrees about the longitudinal axis, the second stripe comprising: [0157] a third portion aligned with the row and between a second end of the row and the second nose; and [0158] a fourth portion on the lower half of the body, the fourth portion being longitudinally closer to the first nose than the third portion. [0159] 2. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first stripe bows about the first end of the row and wherein the second stripe bows about the second end of the row. [0160] 3. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first stripe and the second stripe each have a non-uniform width along their lengths. [0161] 4. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first stripe and the second stripe each extend 360 degrees about the longitudinal axis. [0162] 5. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first stripe has a concave inner edge facing the first end of the row and a convex outer edge between the inner edge and the first nose. [0163] 6. The American style football of Definition 5, wherein the outer surface further comprises a foil within a stripe concavity. [0164] 7. The American style football of Definition 5, wherein the first stripe has a concave outer edge facing the first nose and crossing a midline between the upper half and the lower half of the body. [0165] 8. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first portion has a first width along the longitudinal axis and wherein the second portion has a second width, greater than the first width, along the longitudinal axis. [0166] 9. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the second portion has an outer edge bowing outwardly towards the first nose. [0167] 10. The American style football of any of Definitions 1-8, wherein the first stripe has a first tackiness and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the first stripe have a second tackiness less than the first tackiness. [0168] 11. The American style football of any of Definitions 1-8, wherein the first stripe has a first compressibility and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the first stripe have a second compressibility less than the first compressibility. [0169] 12. The American style football of any of Definitions 1-8, wherein the first stripe has a first texture and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the first stripe have a second texture different than the first texture. [0170] 13. The American style football of any of Definitions 1-8, wherein the first stripe has a first height and wherein portions of the outer surface adjacent the first stripe have a second height different than the first height. [0171] 14. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first stripe overlies an exterior panel of the football. [0172] 15. The American style football Definition 7, wherein the first stripe is stitched to an exterior panel of the body. [0173] 16. The Americans style football of Definition 7, in the first stripe is bonded to an exterior panel of the body. [0174] 17. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first stripe comprises a layer coated upon an exterior panel of the body. [0175] 18. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the lacing surface comprises a lace passing through openings in the outer surface, the lace forming the row of parallel projections. [0176] 19. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the row of parallel projections are molded projections. [0177] 20. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first portion has a longitudinal width of at least 30 mm. [0178] 21. The American style football of Definition 1, the second portion has a longitudinal width of at least 40 mm. [0179] 22. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first portion is longitudinally spaced from the first end of the row by at least 20 mm. [0180] 23. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first portion has a first longitudinal width, wherein the second portion has a second longitudinal width greater than the first longitudinal width and wherein the first stripe has a third portion connecting the first portion and the second portion, the third portion having a third longitudinal width less than the first longitudinal width. [0181] 24. The American style above Definition 1, wherein the first portion has an inner edge proximate the first end of the row and an outer edge proximate the first nose, wherein the inner edge is spaced from the first end of the row by a first distance and wherein the outer edge is spaced from the first nose by second distance less than the first distance. [0182] 25. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first portion encompasses a location longitudinally spaced from the first end of the row by a distance of at least 47 mm inches and angularly located or clocked about the longitudinal axis by 35 degrees, wherein a zero degree position aligns with the row and is viewed from the second nose. [0183] 26. The American style football of Definition 25 or Definition 1, wherein the second portion encompasses a location longitudinally spaced from the first end of the row by a distance of at least 3 mm and angularly located or clocked about the longitudinal axis by 227 degrees, wherein a zero degree position aligns with the row and is viewed from the second nose. [0184] 27. The American style football of any of Definitions 1-26, wherein football has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g, a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm. [0185] 28. The American style football of Definition 27, wherein the football has a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 70 oz-in.sup.2. [0186] 29. The American style football of Definition 27, wherein the football has a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 80 oz-in.sup.2. [0187] 30. The American style football of Definition 27, wherein the football has a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.58. [0188] 31. The American style football of any of Definitions 27-30 further comprising at least one weight extending along the outer surface at a location centered between the first nose and the second nose at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis. [0189] 32. The American style football of Definition 31, wherein the at least one weight comprises individual weights at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis. [0190] 33. The American style football Definition 32, wherein the individual weights comprise weighted patches. [0191] 34. The American style football of Definition 33 further comprising an inner bladder, wherein the weighted patches are secured to the inner bladder. [0192] 35. The American style football of Definition 33 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover, wherein the weighted patches are secured to the inner bladder. [0193] 36. The American style football of Definition 33 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the weighted patches are secured to the outer cover. [0194] 37. The American style football of Definition 31, wherein the at least one weight comprises at least one weighted band encircling the longitudinal axis proximate the outer surface and centered between the first nose and the second nose. [0195] 38. The American style football of Definition 37, wherein the football has a transverse axis centered between the first nose and the second nose, the transverse axis spaced from the first nose by a first distance and wherein the at least one weighted band has an edge closest to the first nose and spaced from the first nose by second distance that is at least two thirds the first distance. [0196] 39. The American style football of Definition 37 further comprising an inner bladder, wherein the at least one weighted band is secured to the inner bladder. [0197] 40. The American style football of Definition 37 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover, wherein the at least one weighted band is secured to the inner liner. [0198] 41. The American style football of Definition 37 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the at least one weighted band is secured to the outer cover. [0199] 42. The American style football of Definition 31, wherein the at least one weight comprises a sensor. [0200] 43. The American style football of any of Definitions 27-30 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein intermediate liner is nonuniform so as to have a first region centered between the first nose and the second nose, second region between the first region and the first nose and a third region between the first region and the second nose, wherein the first region has a first material density, wherein the second region has a second material density less than the first material density and wherein the third region has a third of material density less than the first material density. [0201] 44. The American style football of any of Definitions 27-30 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and a nonuniform layer between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the nonuniform layer has a non-uniform distribution of mass providing a first mass in a first region centered between the first nose and the second nose, a second mass in a second region between the first region and the first nose and a third mass in a third region between the first region and the second nose, wherein the first mass is greater than the second mass and is greater than the third mass. [0202] 45. The American style football of Definition 44, wherein the first region has a first thickness and wherein the second region and the third region each have respective second and third thicknesses less than the first thickness. [0203] 46. The American style football of Definition 44, wherein the first region has a first material composition and wherein the second region and the third region each have respective second and third material compositions different than the first material composition. [0204] 47. The American style football of Definition 44, wherein the first region has a first material density and wherein the second region and the third region each have respective second and third material densities less than the first material density. [0205] 48. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the outer surface comprises a recess and wherein the first portion comprises a panel having a tacky surface at least partially received within the recess. [0206] 49. The American style football Definition 48, wherein the panel projects outward from the recess. [0207] 50. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first portion and the second portion each have a static coefficient of friction greater than adjacent portions of the outer surface when measured in accordance with a standard test method for static coefficient of friction pursuant to ASTM D1894-01. [0208] 51. The American style football of Definition 50, wherein the adjacent portions of the outer surface have a static coefficient of friction that is less than 1.0 and wherein the first portion and the second portion each have a static coefficient of friction greater than 1.0. [0209] 52. The American style football Definition 1, wherein the first portion and the second portion each have a pebbled texture. [0210] 53. The American style football Definition 1, wherein the first portion and the second portion each have a static coefficient of friction greater than 2.0. [0211] 54. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first portion and the second portion each have a static coefficient of friction greater than 3.0. [0212] 55. The American style football of Definition 1, wherein the first portion has a first static coefficient of friction and wherein the second portion has a second static coefficient of friction different than the first static coefficient of friction. [0213] 56. The American style football of Definition 55, wherein the first static coefficient of friction is less than the second static coefficient of friction. [0214] 57. An American style football comprising: [0215] a prolate spheroidal shaped outer surface having a first nose and a second nose opposite the first nose, the first nose and the second nose located along a longitudinal axis of the football, [0216] wherein football has a weight of at least 390 g and no greater than 410 g, a longitudinal circumference of at least 660 mm and no greater than 673 mm, a short circumference of at least 486 mm and no greater than 495 mm and a length of at least 267 mm and no greater than 279 mm. [0217] 58. The American style football of Definition 57, wherein the football has a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 70 oz-in.sup.2. [0218] 59. The American style football of Definition 57, wherein the football has a longitudinal moment of inertia of at least 80 oz-in.sup.2. [0219] 60. The American style football of Definition 57, wherein the football has a moment of inertia ratio of at least 0.58. [0220] 61. The American style football of any of claims 57-60 further comprising at least one weight extending along the outer surface at a location centered between the first nose and the second nose at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis. [0221] 62. The American style football of Definition 61, wherein the at least one weight comprises individual weights at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis. [0222] 63. The American style football claim 62, wherein the individual weights comprise weighted patches. [0223] 64. The American style football of Definition 63 further comprising an inner bladder, wherein the weighted patches are secured to the inner bladder. [0224] 65. The American style football of Definition 63 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover, wherein the weighted patches are secured to the inner liner. [0225] 66. The American style football of Definition 63 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the weighted patches are secured to the outer cover. [0226] 67. The American style football of Definition 61, wherein the at least one weight comprises at least one weighted band encircling the longitudinal axis proximate the outer surface and centered between the first nose and the second nose. [0227] 68. The American style football of Definition 67, wherein the football has a transverse axis centered between the first nose and the second nose, the transverse axis spaced from the first nose by a first distance and wherein the at least one weighted band has an edge closest to the first nose and spaced from the first nose by second distance that is at least two thirds the first distance. [0228] 69. The American style football of Definition 67 further comprising an inner bladder, wherein the at least one weighted band is secured to the inner bladder. [0229] 70. The American style football of Definition 67 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover, wherein the at least one weighted band is secured to the inner liner. [0230] 71. The American style football of Definition 67 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the at least one weighted band is secured to the outer cover. [0231] 72. The American style football of Definition 61, wherein the at least one weight comprises a sensor. [0232] 73. The American style football of any of Definitions 57-60 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and an intermediate liner between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein intermediate liner is nonuniform so as to have a first region centered between the first nose and the second nose, second region between the first region and the first nose and a third region between the first region and the second nose, wherein the first region has a first material density, wherein the second region has a second material density less than the first material density and wherein the third region has a third of material density less than the first material density. [0233] 74. The American style football of any of Definitions 57-60 further comprising an inner bladder, an outer cover and a nonuniform layer between the inner bladder and the outer cover forming the outer surface, wherein the nonuniform layer has a non-uniform distribution of mass providing a first mass in a first region centered between the first nose and the second, a second mass in a second region between the first region and the first nose and a third mass between the first region and the second nose, wherein the first mass is greater than the second mass and is greater than the third mass. [0234] 75. The American style football of any of Definitions 57-60 further comprising an inner bladder and an outer covering, wherein the inner bladder has an enhanced weight region extending along the outer surface at a location centered between the first nose and the second nose at each of 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis. [0235] 76. The American style football of Definition 75, wherein the enhanced weight regions at each of the 0, 90, 180, and 270 about the longitudinal axis have a first thickness and wherein a remainder of the inner bladder has a second thickness less than the first thickness. [0236] 77. The American style football of Definition 75, wherein the enhanced weight regions of the bladder are provided by a thicker wall portion of the bladder encircling the longitudinal axis proximate the outer surface and centered between the first nose and the second nose. [0237] 78. The American style football of Definition 77, wherein the football has a transverse axis centered between the first nose and the second nose, the transverse axis spaced from the first nose by a first distance and wherein the thicker wall portion of the bladder has an edge closest to the first nose and spaced from the first nose by second distance that is at least two thirds the first distance. [0238] 79. An American style football comprising: [0239] a prolate spheroidal shaped outer surface having a first nose and a second nose opposite the first nose, the first nose and the second nose located along a longitudinal axis of the football, the outer surface comprising at least one foil.

[0240] Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to example implementations, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the claimed subject matter. For example, although different example implementations may have been described as including features providing benefits, it is contemplated that the described features may be interchanged with one another or alternatively be combined with one another in the described example implementations or in other alternative implementations. Because the technology of the present disclosure is relatively complex, not all changes in the technology are foreseeable. The present disclosure described with reference to the example implementations and set forth in the following claims is manifestly intended to be as broad as possible. For example, unless specifically otherwise noted, the claims reciting a single particular element also encompass a plurality of such particular elements. The terms first, second, third and so on in the claims merely distinguish different elements and, unless otherwise stated, are not to be specifically associated with a particular order or particular numbering of elements in the disclosure.