HIGH REDUCTION RATIO TRANSMISSION

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a transmission having a ring gear in which a flexible gearwheel is arranged, where the flexible gearwheel is connected to a wave generator and the wave generator deforms the flexible gearwheel such that it is in engagement in some regions with the ring gear. The flexible gearwheel includes at least two toothed segments which are connected to one another by way of spring segments and at least one of the toothed segments includes a recess in which a pin element is arranged.

Claims

1. Transmission comprising: a ring gear in which a flexible gearwheel is arranged, where said flexible gearwheel is connected to a wave generator and said wave generator deforms said flexible gearwheel such that it is in engagement in some regions with said ring gear, and where said flexible gearwheel includes at least two toothed segments which are connected to one another by way of spring segments and at least one of said toothed segments includes a recess in which a pin element is arranged; and each of spring segments has a middle plane (M.sub.FS) which contains a central middle axis of said transmission and divides said respective spring segment into two regions of equal size and each recess has a middle plane which includes said central middle axis of said transmission and divides said recess into two regions of equal size, and said middle plane of each spring segment is at a different distance from said middle plane of said recess disposed on each side of said middle plane (M.sub.FS) of said spring segment, adjacent to said middle plane of said spring segment.

2. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said toothed segments comprises: a waisting in the radial direction of said flexible gearwheel and said spring segments engage in said toothed segment in the region of said waisting.

3. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein said spring segments are configured such that they exhibit elasticity in the radial direction and are rigid in a tangential direction.

4. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein said spring segments are formed integrally with said toothed segments.

5. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein said spring segments are formed as webs which connect adjacent toothed segments to one another.

6. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein said flexible gear wheel comprises: at least one first toothed segment which is provided with a recess; and at least one second toothed segment having no recess.

7. Transmission according to claim 6, wherein said spring segments engage in said at least one first toothed segment at a level of said recesses in said at least one first toothed segment.

8. Transmission according to claim 6, wherein said spring segments have a relief cut (25) in a region where they are in contact with said at least one first toothed segment.

9. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of toothed segments are provided.

10. Transmission according to claim 9, wherein half of said toothed segments comprise: a recess.

11. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein said recess in said first toothed segments is arranged in an interior of said respective toothed segment.

12. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein each toothed segment is supported on said wave generator at two support points.

13. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein said wave generator comprises: at least one cam which is in contact with said flexible gear wheel, and said cam is configured such that said toothed segments are deformed in a region where they are in engagement with said ring gear such that they form a section of an imaginary gear wheel having a constant radius and will rotate about an axis which is at a defined distance from said central middle axis of said transmission.

14. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein each pin element is configured as a bolt which is connected to an output shaft.

15. Transmission according to claim 14, wherein a sleeve is arranged on each bolt.

16. Transmission according to claim 2, wherein said spring segments are configured such that they exhibit elasticity in the radial direction and are rigid in a tangential direction.

17. Transmission according to claim 16, wherein said spring segments are formed integrally with said toothed segments.

18. Transmission according to claim 17, wherein said spring segments are formed as webs which connect adjacent toothed segments to one another.

19. Transmission according to claim 18, wherein said flexible gear wheel comprises: at least one first toothed segment which is provided with a recess; and at least one second toothed segment having no recess.

20. Transmission according to claim 1, wherein four toothed segments are provided.

Description

[0021] The invention shall be described below in more detail using the figures, where

[0022] FIG. 1: shows a perspective view of a transmission according to the invention,

[0023] FIG. 2: shows a front view of the transmission from FIG. 1,

[0024] FIG. 3: shows a cross section through the transmission from FIG. 2 along the line III-III,

[0025] FIG. 4: shows a flexible gearwheel of the transmission from FIG. 1,

[0026] FIG. 5: shows a detail of the flexible gearwheel from FIG. 4,

[0027] FIG. 6: shows a view of the region of engagement between the flexible gearwheel and the ring gear of the transmission from FIG. 1,

[0028] FIG. 7: shows a simplified view of the region of engagement between the flexible gearwheel and the ring gear shown in FIG. 6, and

[0029] FIG. 8: shows an enlarged view of the region of engagement between the flexible gearwheel and the ring gear.

[0030] It applies to the following explanations that like components are designated with like reference characters. Where a figure contains reference characters which are not explained in more detail in the associated figure description, then reference is made to preceding or subsequent figure descriptions.

[0031] An embodiment of a transmission 1 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. Transmission 1 comprises a housing 10 in which a wave generator 2, a flexible gearwheel 6, a stationary ring gear 9, and a pin element 11 are arranged. The cover of housing 10 has been removed in order to allow for a view into the interior of the transmission. Transmission 1 is substantially disk-shaped with a central middle axis M.

[0032] Wave generator 2 comprises a base body 3 which has an approximately elliptical cross section. As a result of the approximately elliptical cross section, base body 3 has two sections with elevations. The elevations on base body 3 create cams on wave generator 2. Flexible gearwheel 6 is made to contact ring gear 9 by the cams. Base body 3 can comprise a section having a constant radius, where center M.sub.S of this constant radius is offset from central middle axis M by distance e. Rolling elements 4, which are surrounded by a deformable sleeve 5, are arranged on base body 3. Flexible gearwheel 6 is arranged on wave generator 2. Flexible gearwheel 6 is therefore in contact with base body 3 by way of deformable sleeve 5 and rolling elements 4.

[0033] Flexible gearwheel 6 comprises several toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 which are connected to one another by way of flexible spring segments 8. Flexible gearwheel 6 is provided with an external toothing 14 which can be made to engage with internal toothing 15 of stationary ring gear 9. In the embodiment illustrated, flexible gearwheel 6 comprises twelve toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 which are divided into six first toothed segments 7.1 and six second toothed segments 7.2. First toothed segments 7.1 each comprise a recess 17 which is configured as an end-to-end opening in the interior of respective first toothed segment 7.1. A respective bolt 12 of pin element 11 is received in each recess 17. Each bolt 12 is surrounded by a sleeve 13 so that a sliding bearing is formed. The elliptical shape of base body 3 of wave generator 2 is transferred to flexible gearwheel 6 by rolling elements 4 and deformable sleeve 5. As a result, external toothing 14 of flexible gearwheel 6 is in engagement with internal toothing 15 of ring gear 9 at two mutually oppositely disposed points.

[0034] Wave generator 2 is preferably connected to a drive shaft. A rotation of the drive shaft causes wave generator 2 to rotate. This rotary motion is transmitted to flexible gearwheel 6. External toothing 14 of flexible gearwheel 6 therefore runs along internal toothing 15 of ring gear 9. Spring segments 8 arranged between toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 enable the flexible or elastic deformation of flexible gearwheel 6. The motion of flexible gearwheel 6 is transferred via bolts 12 to a uniform rotary motion of the output.

[0035] In FIG. 2, transmission 1 from FIG. 1 is shown in a front view. The elliptical cross-sectional shape of wave generator 2 and of base body 3 of wave generator 2 can be clearly seen there. The center of the ellipse is always on central middle axis M of transmission 1. In the case shown, main axis 16 of elliptical base body 3 is aligned exactly horizontally. Due to the elliptical shape of wave generator 2, flexible gearwheel 6 is deformed in two regions, in the case shown in FIG. 2 on the right-hand and left-hand side of transmission 1 respectively, in such a way that external toothing 14 of flexible gearwheel 6 engages with internal toothing 15 of stationary ring gear 9. Furthermore, in the other two regions, which are shown on the upper and lower side in FIG. 2, external toothing 14 of flexible gearwheel 6 is not in engagement with internal toothing 15 of ring gear 9.

[0036] FIG. 3 shows a cross section through transmission 1 along line III-III from FIG. 2. Transmission 1 comprises housing 10 which is closed by a housing cover 10.1. Ring gear 9 is fastened in housing 10. Ring gear 9 is in engagement in sections with flexible gearwheel 6, for which purpose ring gear 9 comprises internal toothing 15 and flexible gearwheel 6 comprises external toothing 14. Flexible gearwheel 6 comprises first toothed segments 7.1. Each of first toothed segments 7.1 comprises a recess 17. One of bolts 12 is arranged in each recess 17. One of sleeves 13 can be attached to each of bolts 12 so that a sliding bearing is formed. Recesses 17 are somewhat larger than sleeves 13. In the case shown, recesses 17 have an elliptical cross section. The cross section of bolts 12 and sleeves 13 is round. The diameter of recesses 17 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of sleeves 13. Flexible gearwheel wheel 6 rests on deformable sleeve 5. Deformable sleeve 5 is connected to base body 3 by way of rolling elements 4. Base body 3, rolling elements 4, and deformable sleeve 5 form wave generator 2. As can be clearly seen in FIG. 3, transmission 1 has a very short overall length L.sub.G and is therefore very short in relation to the diameter. High torsional stiffness is nevertheless given. A transmission as described above has a high reduction ratio.

[0037] An embodiment of flexible gearwheel 6 is shown in FIG. 4. As already described, flexible gearwheel 6 comprises first and second toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 which are connected to one another by way of spring segments 8. In the embodiment illustrated, flexible gearwheel 6 comprises twelve toothed segments 7.1, 7.2. Every second of the toothed segments, i.e. first toothed segments 7.1, comprises recess 17. First toothed segments 7.1 are all configured to be identical to one another. Second toothed segments 7.2 are arranged between first toothed segments 7.1. Second toothed segments 7.2 comprise no recess. Adjacent toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 are connected to one another by way of spring segments 8. Spring segments 8 are configured as arcuate webs which extend along a circular line, the center of which in this configuration is disposed on the center axis of transmission 1.

[0038] The shape of first toothed segments 7.1 and second toothed segments 7.2 shall be described in more detail hereafter:

[0039] Each first toothed segment 7.1 comprises a foot region 18 with which it comes into contact with wave generator 2. Starting out from foot region 18, a trunk region 19 adjoins radially outwardly in which recess 17 is arranged. Recess 17 therefore has a closed contour located in the interior of toothed segment 7.1. Bolt 12 or sleeve 13, respectively, rolls along this contour. As a result, the contact of bolt 12 or sleeve 13 with recess 17 is never discontinued, whereby the running smoothness of transmission 1 is increased. A head region 20 adjoins trunk region 19 in the radial direction. External toothing 14 is formed on the outwardly facing circumferential surface of head region 20 of each first toothed segment 7.1. Since recess 17 is arranged in the interior of first toothed segment 7.1, external toothing 14 extend over the entire outwardly facing circumferential surface of first toothed segment 7.1. If the width of first toothed segment 7.1 in circumferential direction U of flexible gearwheel 6 is now examined, then first toothed segment 7.1 has a first width in foot region 18 that tapers in the trunk region and increases again towards the outside so that first toothed segment 7.1 has the greatest width at the outer circumference.

[0040] Second toothed segments 7.2 also comprise a foot region 21 which comes into contact with wave generator 2. A trunk region 22, which transitions to a head region 23, adjoins this foot region 21 in the radial direction outwardly also in the case of second toothed segments 7.2. Second toothed segments 7.2 comprise no recess. Instead, second toothed segments 7.2 are strongly constricted in trunk region 22 and therefore have a waisting 24. External toothing 14 is also formed on the outwardly facing circumferential surface of head regions 23 of second toothed segments 7.2.

[0041] Each of toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 is connected to adjacently disposed toothed segments 7.2, 7.1 by way of spring segments 8. Spring segments 8 are configured as arcuate webs which extend on a circular line in the circumferential direction of flexible gearwheel 6. Spring segments 8 engage in first toothed segments 7.1 approximately at the level of the center of recess 17. The connection between spring segments 8 and second toothed segments 7.2 is at the level of waisting 24. As can be clearly seen in FIG. 4, flexible gearwheel 6 is formed integrally.

[0042] Second toothed segments 7.2, which comprise no recess, transmit the toothing forces by way of spring elements 8 to first toothed segments 7.1 with recess 17. This allows spring segments 8 to be configured to be larger, whereby the flexibility is increased and sufficient elastic deformation can still be obtained with a smaller diameter of transmission 1. The shape of spring elements 8 illustrated ensures that they have no elasticity in the tangential direction to the extent possible, but only in the radial direction.

[0043] Each of spring segments 8 has a middle plane M.sub.FS which contains the central middle axis of transmission 1 and divides respective spring segment 8 into two regions of equal length. Since spring segments 8 are formed by webs in the shape of a circular arc, this length corresponds to an arc length. Each of recesses 17 also has a middle plane M.sub.A which contains the central middle axis of transmission 1 and divides respective recess 17 into two equally large regions. Spring segments 8 between toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 are configured to be asymmetrical in such a way that middle plane M.sub.FS of each spring segment 8 is at a different distance from the two middle planes M.sub.A of recesses 17 each respectively adjacent thereto. Middle plane M.sub.FS of each spring segment 8 and middle plane M.sub.A of each recess 17 intersect at central middle axis M of transmission 1. The distance between middle plane M.sub.FS of each spring segment and two middle planes M.sub.A each respectively disposed adjacent thereto can therefore be expressed by angles that differ in size.

[0044] Detail V from FIG. 4 is shown enlarged in FIG. 5. A first toothed segment 7.1 and a second toothed segment 7.2 are shown. As already described, first toothed segment 7.1 comprises a foot region 18, a trunk region 19, and a head region 20. Recess 17 is located in trunk region 19 of first toothed segment 7.1. External toothing 14 is formed in head region 20. Second toothed segment 7.2 also comprises a foot region 21, a trunk region 22 comprising a waisting 24, and a head region 23. External toothing 14 is formed on the outer circumferential surface of head region 23. Foot region 21 of second toothed segment 7.2 as well as foot region 18 of first toothed segment 7.1 comprise a concave recess so that each of toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 is supported on wave generator 2 at two points of support. The alignment of toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 normal to the outer contour of wave generator 2 is thus improved. This concave depression has an opening angle β of approximately 170°.

[0045] Spring segments 8 engage in first toothed segments 7.1 approximately at the level of recesses 17. Spring segments 8 have a relief cut 25 in the region where spring segments 8 transition to first toothed segments 7.1. This relief cut 25 can increase the flexibility of flexible gearwheel 6 in the transition region from spring segments 8 to first toothed segments 7.1.

[0046] Spring segments 8 engage in second toothed segments 7.2 at the level of waisting 24. Since second toothed segments 7.2 have a very small width in this region, there is sufficient flexibility given there. Adjacently disposed toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 are arranged at a distance from one another both in the head region as well as in the foot region.

[0047] As can be seen in FIG. 5, first toothed segments 7.1 can have a different number of teeth than second toothed segments 7.2. The number of teeth of flexible gearwheel 6 is therefore no integer multiple of the number of toothed segments 7.1, 7.2. The number of toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 is therefore not determined by the number of teeth of entire flexible gearwheel 6. The number and/or the arrangement of the teeth on toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 is therefore not necessarily uniform. In order for every tooth on toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 to have the same shape, the geometry of wave generator 2, i.e. the elliptical cross-sectional shape with two oppositely disposed cams, can be selected such that a constant radius R extends in the region of the upper high point (elevation) over the angle α within which the toothed engagement takes place. In this embodiment, angle α is 72°. This is illustrated in FIGS. 6-8. All toothed segments 7.1, 7.2 located within this section, i.e. of angle α, result in an imaginary gearwheel having radius R which rotates about an axis M.sub.S. This axis M.sub.S is at a certain distance e from central middle axis M of transmission 1. Distance e there has a length ratio of less than 10% to the radius of the ring gear. The only boundary condition is that the distance between the two outer teeth, which are located on adjacent transmission elements 7.1, 7.2, be an integer multiple of tooth width S within this region. Tooth width S is presently defined as twice the distance between two adjacently disposed teeth of external toothing 14. This is illustrated in FIG. 8.

[0048] The advantage of the transmission according to the invention with a high reduction ratio is that the length of the transmission is very short and the torsional rigidity is high.

LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS

[0049] 1 transmission [0050] 2 wave generator [0051] 3 base body [0052] 4 rolling element [0053] 5 deformable sleeve [0054] 6 flexible gearwheel [0055] 7.1 first toothed segment [0056] 7.2 second toothed segment [0057] 8 spring segments [0058] 9 ring gear [0059] 10 housing [0060] 10.1 housing cover [0061] 11 pin element [0062] 12 bolt [0063] 13 sleeve [0064] 14 external toothing [0065] 15 internal toothing [0066] 16 main axis base body [0067] 17 recess [0068] 18 foot region first toothed segment [0069] 19 trunk region first toothed segment [0070] 20 head region first toothed segment [0071] 21 foot region second toothed segment [0072] 22 trunk region second toothed segment [0073] 23 head region second toothed segment [0074] 24 waisting [0075] 25 relief cut [0076] M central middle axis transmission [0077] L.sub.G overall length transmission [0078] U circumferential direction [0079] M.sub.FS middle plane spring segment [0080] M.sub.A middle plane recess [0081] M.sub.S axis imaginary gearwheel [0082] R radius imaginary gearwheel [0083] e distance imaginary gearwheel [0084] α angle [0085] β opening angle [0086] S tooth width