Vaporizer for an Electronic Cigarette

Abstract

A vaporizer for an electronic cigarette comprises an absorbing structure and a plurality of heating elements. The heating elements are connectable to a power supply unit in the electronic cigarette. The absorbing structure is divided into segments, and each segment is thermally coupled to a respective heating element.

Claims

1. A vaporizer for an electronic cigarette, comprising an absorbing structure and a plurality of heating elements, each of the plurality of heating elements being connectable to a power supply unit in the electronic cigarette, wherein the absorbing structure is divided into a plurality of segments, and wherein each segment of the plurality of segments is thermally coupled to a respective heating element of the plurality of heating elements.

2. The vaporizer according to claim 1, wherein the absorbing structure comprises at least one channel configured to conduct liquid to at least one heating element of the plurality of heating elements.

3. The vaporizer according to claim 2, wherein each segment of the plurality of segments comprises a respective channel of the at least one channel.

4. The vaporizer according to claim 2, wherein each of the at least one channel is open in a direction perpendicular to a capillary flow direction within the respective at least one channel.

5. The vaporizer according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the at least one channel follows a serpentine path.

6. The vaporizer according to claim 2, wherein power is supplied from the power supply unit to any of the plurality of heating elements only when the liquid is present in a corresponding one of the at least one channel, such that each one of the plurality of segments is individually activated upon the liquid being present in said one of the plurality of segments.

7. The vaporizer according to claim 2, further comprising a pair of electrical contacts, each electrical contact of the pair of electrical contacts being arranged adjacent to a respective side of the at least one channel and being configured as an open loop of an electrical control circuit, wherein the electrical control circuit is configured to close when liquid is present in the at least one channel, such that supply of power to one of the plurality of heating elements is only enabled when the liquid is present in a corresponding one of the at least one channel.

8. The vaporizer according to claim 7, wherein the electrical contacts of the pair of electrical contacts are positioned at an end of the at least one channel.

9. The vaporizer according to claim 2, further comprising a supply conduit configured to draw the liquid from a liquid store and conduct said liquid into the at least one channel.

10. The vaporizer according to claim 9, wherein the supply conduit is connectable to a liquid transfer element.

11. The vaporizer according to claim 2, wherein each of the at least one channel comprises microfluidic channels defined by a network of channel structures.

12. The vaporizer according to claim 11, wherein separations are positioned between each of the channel structures, the separations having a linear shape in a longitudinal direction of the at least one channel.

13. The vaporizer according to claim 2, wherein the absorbing structure has a first layer in which the at least one channel is arranged and a second layer which comprises at least one heating element of the plurality of heating elements.

14. An electronic cigarette comprising: the vaporizer according to claim 1, a power supply unit, and control circuitry, wherein at least one heating element of the plurality of heating elements is controllable by the control circuitry, and wherein the control circuitry is configured such that power is supplied from the power supply unit to the at least one heating element only when there is liquid present in at least one channel to which the at least one heating element is thermally coupled.

15. The electronic cigarette according to claim 14, wherein the absorbing structure comprises a plurality of segments, each segment of the plurality of segments being connected to a respective heating element of the plurality of heating elements, and wherein each of the plurality of heating elements is individually controllable by the control circuitry.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0120] The invention will be explained in greater detail with reference to exemplary embodiments depicted in the drawings as appended.

[0121] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Other embodiments of the present invention and many of the intended advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. Like reference numerals designate corresponding similar parts.

[0122] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an electronic cigarette according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0123] FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0124] FIG. 3 control circuitry of an electronic cigarette according to an embodiment of the present invention or of, or for use with, a vaporizer according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0125] FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a vaporizer according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0126] FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a vaporizer according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0127] FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a vaporizer according to still another embodiment of the present invention;

[0128] FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a vaporizer according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0129] FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a cartridge according to yet another embodiment of the present invention; and

[0130] FIG. 9 schematically illustrates an electronic cigarette in combination with the cartridge according to FIG. 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0131] Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. Generally, this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein.

[0132] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an electronic cigarette 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic cigarette 1000 comprises a main body portion 1001 and a mouthpiece portion 1002. The main body portion 1001 comprises a power supply unit 70 and control circuitry 60 configured for controlling the supply of electrical power from the power supply unit 70. The electronic cigarette 1000 further comprises a vaporizer 50, a liquid store 20 and a mouthpiece 30, through which a user can inhale the generated vapor 90.

[0133] In an embodiment, the main body portion 1001 and the mouthpiece portion 1002 may be removably connected to each other to provide access to a refillable liquid store 20 in the mouthpiece portion 1002. In such a case, the main body portion 1001 of the electronic cigarette 1000 may comprise a vaporizer seating for a removable vaporizer.

[0134] In another embodiment, the main body portion 1001 can be provided with a cartridge seating configured to receive a liquid cartridge with an integrated vaporizer.

[0135] Hence, depending on the specific configuration of the electronic cigarette 1000, the liquid store 20 may be part of or configured as a separate from the vaporizer 50; 150. FIGS. 1 and 2a show an example of a liquid cartridge with an integrated liquid store 20 and vaporizer 50, a structure often referred to as a “cartomizer”.

[0136] Depending on the specific variant of the vaporizer 50, the electronic cigarette 1000 and the vaporizer 50 may be configured for use with electrically conductive liquid or for use with electrically non-conductive liquid.

[0137] As illustrated in FIG. 2a to c, the vaporizer 50 comprises an absorbing structure 10 and at least one heating element 12-1. The absorbing structure 10 is configured to receive the liquid from the liquid store 20 and transport it towards the at least one heating element 12-1.

[0138] The absorbing structure 10 can advantageously be of a planar substrate, and provided with a first side and a second side. In the electronic cigarette 1000, the first side is positioned towards a mouthpiece 30 and the second side is positioned opposite the mouthpiece outlet.

[0139] The absorbing structure 10 can advantageously comprise a ceramic material, such as a porous ceramic material. Other possible material may comprise, or consist of, Graphene, Titanium, oxide-coated copper, or any other suitable material. The absorbing surface 10 comprises at least one channel 13-i and at least one supply conduit 13-S connected thereto. The supply conduit 13-S is thus configured to receive liquid from the liquid store 20 and transfer the liquid into the at least one channel 13-i. The at least one channel 13-i is configured such that the liquid is drawn into the at least one channel 13-i by capillary action.

[0140] As best seen in FIG. 2a, the absorbing structure 10, i.e. the first side of the substrate may be open to a vaporization cavity 35 in a direction perpendicular to the at least one channel 13-i.

[0141] Optionally, as illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 2a, a liquid transfer element 40 (for example a wick such as a cotton wick) may be fluidically connected to the liquid store 20, for example by immerging the liquid transfer element 40 partially in the e-liquid in the liquid store 20. The liquid transfer element 40 transfers liquid from the liquid store 20, for example by capillary action, to the absorbing structure 10 of the vaporizer 50. The absorbing structure 10 interfaces with the liquid transfer element 40 (e.g. a wick) in such a way that liquid absorbed by the liquid transfer element 40 may be transferred onto the absorbing structure 10. Preferably, the liquid transfer element 40 is in direct physical contact with the absorbing structure 10.

[0142] FIG. 2b) shows a top view of the absorbing surface structure 10 in FIG. 2a from the direction of the mouthpiece 30. The first side of the absorbing surface structure 10 comprises a plurality of segments 11-1, 11-2 . . . to 11-i. The segments 11-i may be formed as equally-formed segments 11-i and have a joined shape corresponding to an atomizer seating in the main body portion 1001 of the electronic cigarette 1000. Each segment 11-i may be provided with at least one corresponding dedicated heating element 12-i (only the heating element 12-1 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2c)), i.e. the corresponding heating element 12-i is arranged and configured to heat at least part of the corresponding segment 11-i. In the origin of the radii of the segments 11-i, a supply conduit 13-S fluidically connected to an opening 15 is arranged (see FIG. 2a) through which the liquid from the liquid store 20 is received and transferred to the at least one channel 13-i. Thus, the liquid from the liquid store 20 enters the vaporizer 50 through the opening 15.

[0143] The at least one channel 13-i is arranged, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, such that one channel is arranged in each individual segments 11-i of the absorbing surface structure 10.

[0144] The channels 13-i can be provided with a microfluidic shape, where at least one channel 13-i is formed in the proximity of a heating element 12-i which enables an efficient vaporization and can therefore avoid heating when there is either insufficient or an excessive amount liquid present in the proximity of the heating element 12-i.

[0145] To this effect, the effective cross-section of the at least one channel 13-i is preferably provided with a dimension at a submillimeter scale. In an embodiment, the at least one channel has a width and/or depth of smaller than 1 micrometers, preferably between 10 nanometers and 850 nanometers.

[0146] In one particular embodiment, if there is a single channel, the effective cross-sectional area is the cross section of the individual channel. The channel can thus alone be formed as a microfluidic channel.

[0147] As schematically illustrated in FIG. 2c, the effective cross-sectional flow area is achieved by microscale structures 16-i provided within each channel 13-i such as to form microfluidic channels within each channel 13-i. Preferably these structures are on the nanoscale level. As illustrated in FIG. 2c, the microscale structures can be formed from microscale or nanoscale pegs or nanoscale columns 16-1. In another embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 2d, the microscale structures are formed from longitudinal channel partitions 131, whereby a main channel 13-i is separated into a group of side-by-side (preferably parallel) microscale or nanoscale channels 132.

[0148] In one and the same embodiment, when there is a plurality of channels 13-i, different types of microscale structures may be formed in different channels 13-i, for example in one channel 13-i there may be pegs or columns 16-1 and in another one there may be longitudinal channel partitions 131. This may be advantageous if the electronic cigarette 1000 is usable with a variety of different types of liquids that may have different viscosity, surface tension and the like, so that different microscale structures are adapted for different types of liquids.

[0149] The at least one heating element 12-i is configured to vaporize the liquid to generate vapor. The heating elements 12-i may, for example, be realized as an Ohmic resistance heater.

[0150] The absorbing structure 10 may have a first side in which the at least one channel 13-i is arranged and a second side which comprises the at least one heating element 12-i. The substrate may comprise a single and uniform material and whereby the first side and the second side may refer to different positions or planes in the substrate.

[0151] Optionally, the absorbing structure 10 may comprise a plurality of layers, wherein the at least one channel is arranged in a first layer and the heater in a second layer.

[0152] The at least one heating element 12-i is preferably embedded in the second side or the second layer of the substrate. Thus, for example, the first layer may form walls of the channels 13-i; and the second layer, which is heatable by the at least one heating element 12-i, may form a floor of the channels 13-i. Preferably, for each channel 13-i at least one heating element 12-i is provided. There may also be a plurality of heating elements 12-i provided for each channel 13-i.

[0153] The at least one heating element 12-i may be disposed within the channels 13-i and/or embedded within a wall or a floor (or, in some variants, in a ceiling) of the respective channel 13-i so that, when the respective heating element is activated the liquid contained within the channel 13-i (or within a part of the channel 13-i) is vaporized.

[0154] Alternatively or additionally, the absorbing structure 10 may be thermally conductive such that they can dissipate heat from the at least one heating element 12-i. In such variants, the segments 11-i may comprise, or consist of, a thermally conductive material such as graphene or oxide-coated copper which is able to transmit the heat generated by the respective heating element 12-i to the respective channel 13-i.

[0155] In another preferred embodiment, the heating element 12-i is positioned on the second side of the planar substrate. The channel 13-i is provided on the first side of the planar substrate (top side) and the at least one heating element 12-i is provided on the opposite second side of the planar substrate. The at least one heating element 12-i can be shaped as a track and is aligned with the channel 13-I present in the same segment. This enables a maximum amount of heat to be transferred to the liquid in the conduit.

[0156] In order to control the at least one heating element 12-i to be individually active or inactive, control circuitry 60 is provided for individually controlling the heating elements 12-i. The control circuitry 60 may be arranged at least partially in the vaporizer 50; 150. Such control circuitry 60 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 3. The control circuitry 60 comprises a plurality of sensing circuits, connected to a plurality of heating elements 12-1, a main power switch 62 and electrical contacts 14-1 to 14-8.

[0157] In particular, the control circuitry 60 may be arranged and configured to selectively open and close individual electrical circuits connecting each of the heating elements 12-i to a power supply unit 70 of the electronic cigarette 1000, as will be described in the following.

[0158] As seen in FIG. 3, each individual heating element 12-i (of which only 12-1, 12-2 and 12-8 are shown for reasons of conciseness) is provided with its on switch 14-1a, 14-2a, 14-8a (or: 14-ia in general) by which the respective heating element 12-i may be switched on or off (i.e. provided with electrical power or cut off from electrical power) individually.

[0159] The control circuitry 60 may comprise, or be connected or connectable to, a user interface 64 with which a user may input control signals into the electronic cigarette 1000 and/or receive output signals from the electronic cigarette 1000. For example, the user interface 64 may in a simple case comprise only a main switch (on/off switch). It may also comprise one or more further control elements (buttons, sliders, switches), visual indicators (LEDs, displays), acoustic indicators (loudspeakers) and/or the like.

[0160] The main switch 62 (or: general on/off switch) may be provided for cutting the electric power by the power supply unit 70 off completely from all of the heating elements 12-i. Said main switch 62 may be coupled to an on/off button e.g. in a user interface 64 of the electronic cigarette 1000 and/or to a microcontroller or other controlling circuit.

[0161] In other words, in preferable variants and embodiments, as long as the main switch 62 is closed, each heating element 12-i that is currently thermally connected to a liquid to generate vapor will be active, and each heating element 12-i that is currently not thermally connected to any liquid will be inactive, wherein “thermally connected to a liquid” herein means that a sufficient amount of the heat generated by the heating element 12-i can reach a liquid to vaporize it.

[0162] Hence, one of the main ideas of the present disclosure is that only those switches 14-ia are closed only when liquid is present in the at least one channel 13-i. The control circuitry can thus be configured to only enable the supply of power to the heating element when liquid is present in the channel to which the heater is thermally connected.

[0163] Control signals for controlling the switches 14-ia may originate from a large number of diverse sources such as microcontrollers, sensors and so on which may be part of the electronic cigarette 1000 or of the vaporizer 50 in particular.

[0164] The presence of liquid in the channel is detected by separate sensing circuits 15-i. As schematically shown with respect to FIG. 2c, the electronic cigarette 1000 further comprises at least one sensing circuit 15-i. In the embodiment where the vaporizer comprises a plurality of channels 13-i and a plurality of heating elements 12-i, a plurality of sensing circuits 15-i is formed. The sensing circuit 15-i comprises a first part which is located in the vaporizer (or consumable) and a second part that is located in the main circuitry of the main body of the electronic cigarette.

[0165] The switches 14-ia (illustrated with switch 14-1a of the first segment 11-1) comprise a pair of electrodes or electrical contacts 14-1b, 14-1c which are arranged at two opposed walls of the respective channel 13-i. The volume of the respective channel 13-i between the electrical contacts 14-1b, 14-1c may thus be designated as a detecting portion 17-i of the channel 13-1. The detecting portions 17-i may span the whole channel 13-i, i.e. the whole of the respective channel 13-i may be configured as a detecting portion 17-i, e.g. by the electrical contacts 14-ib, 14-ic spanning the whole channel 13-i.

[0166] Preferably, the nanoscale structures 16-i are present at least in the detecting portion 17-i of the respective channel 13-i, more preferably at least from the opening 15 throughout at least the detecting portion 17-i, most preferably from the opening 15 throughout the complete channel 13-i until its outer radial end. Thus, the capillary effect created by the nanoscale structure 16-i acts to draw liquid from the liquid transfer element 40 at least into the detection portion 17-i.

[0167] The detecting portion 17-i is preferably arranged at least halfway along the channel 13-i starting from the opening 15, more preferably at least 60% along that way, even more preferably at least 80% along that way. The heating elements 12-i may be arranged to heat the liquid at least in a portion of a respective channel 13-i starting from the opening 15 and extending at least up to the detecting portion 17-i. In this way, the arrangement of the detecting portion 17-i (by the arrangement of the respective electrodes 14-1b, 14-1c) corresponds to a desired triggering amount (corresponding to a length along the channel 13-i) of liquid to be present in the channel 13-i before the switches 14-i shall be triggered to close and thus the heating elements 12-i be activated.

[0168] The triggering of the switches 14-i by the liquid may be performed by electric conductivity sensing or by capacitive sensing. In the case of electric conductivity sensing, the liquid used with the vaporizer 50 and electronic cigarette 1000 is a conductive liquid and the segments 11-i themselves are electrically non-conductive. Thus, an electrical connection between the electrical contacts 14-ib, 14-ic of each switch 14-ia is only created when the electrically conductive liquid is present between them and acts as a conductive bridge. Thus, the switch 14-ia acts as both a sensor and a switch at the same time.

[0169] Alternatively, the electrical connection between two electrical contacts 14-ib, 14-ic may be detected, e.g. by a microcontroller, and the switch 14-ia itself, which may be digitally controllable switch separate from the electrical contacts 14-ib, 14-ic, may be controlled by the microcontroller to close or open accordingly, i.e. to close when (and as long as) the electrical connection between the two electrical contacts 14-ib, 14-ic is detected and to open when (and as long as) the electrical connection between the two electrical contacts 14-ib, 14-ic is not detected.

[0170] In the variants with electric conductivity sensing, it is preferred if the detecting portion 17-i is only a minor portion of the entire channel 13-i, for example less than 30% of its length, less than 20% of its length, less than 10% of its length or the like. Moreover, it is preferred that said detecting portion 17-i is arranged towards the outer radial end of the channels 13-i, for example at least 50% along its length starting from the opening 15, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% or the like. Then, due to the capillary effect created by the nanoscale structures 16-i, the closing of the switch 14-ia by the liquid (or because of the presence of the liquid in the detecting portion 17-i) indicates that the liquid is present in a corresponding percentage of the channel 13-i. The detecting portions 17-i may advantageously provide a decentralized sensing capability of the vaporizer 50.

[0171] In other variants, the vaporizer 50 and electronic cigarette 1000 may be configured for use with an electrically non-conductive liquid. The electrical contacts 14-ib, 14-ic then act as capacitor plates and the liquid in between as a dielectric. The presence/absence of liquid between the electrical contacts 14-ib, 14-ic thus affects the capacitance of the capacitor, which may be used to trigger the corresponding switch 14-ia.

[0172] For example, a microcontroller of the electronic cigarette 1000 or of the vaporizer 50 in particular may monitor the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the electrical contacts 14-ib, 14-ic and may cause the switches 14-i to open/close, respectively, when capacitance values to a specific side of a capacitance threshold value are detected. Preferably, the respective switches 14-i are closed (and stay closed) when, and as long as, a capacitance value larger than a threshold value is detected and opened (and stay open) when, and as long as, a capacitance value smaller than a threshold value is detected, with the case for a capacitance value being equal to the threshold value being put to either side.

[0173] Other forms of capacity sensing of the presence/absence of liquid within the channels 13-i are possible, as will be described later.

[0174] FIG. 4 schematically show details of an absorbing surface structure 110 according to vaporizer 150 according to another embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the vaporizer 150 may be used in an electronic cigarette 1000 that may otherwise be the same as described with respect to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and/or FIG. 3.

[0175] FIG. 4a schematically illustrates a top view of the absorbing surface structure from the direction of the mouthpiece 30 of an electronic cigarette 1000, in analogy to the illustration in FIG. 2b).

[0176] In the absorbing surface structure 110 in the embodiment of FIG. 3, four segments 111-1, 111-2, 111-3, 111-4 (hereafter also sometimes collectively designated as 111-i) are provided, each with at least one heating element, and each with a single channel 113-i. The segments 111-i are equally-sized and in the shape of a quarter of disk (circle sector with 90° angle). In the embodiment of FIG. 3, each channel 113-i is formed with a winding structure:

[0177] the liquid changes direction multiple times along each respective channel 113-i and multiple sections of each channel 113-i are arranged essentially (or completely) in parallel to one another (and essentially perpendicular to the radial direction), and preferably the majority of the channel 113-i is comprised of sections that are arranged essentially (or completely) in parallel to one another.

[0178] Advantageously, the channel 113-i is tightly packed in each respective segment 111-i, for example such that at least 50% of the absorbing surface structure 110 covered by the channels 113-i, preferably more than 60%, more preferably more than 70%, even more preferably more than 80%. In this way, a maximum amount of liquid can be held within each channel 113-i, and when each segment 111-i is heated, e.g. by a respective heating element having essentially (or exactly) the same form as the segment 111-i, a maximum amount of liquid is heated simultaneously.

[0179] FIG. 4b) shows the structure of the channel 113-1 of the absorbing surface structure 110 in more detail. The detecting portion 117-1 of the channel 113-1 may be configured in any of the ways as has been described in the foregoing for the detecting portions 17-i of the channels 13-i, in particular in any of the variants for use with electrically conductive liquid (electrical conductivity sensing) or with non-conducting liquid (capacitive sensing). Again, it is preferred each detecting portion 117-i is arranged towards the outer radial end of the respective channel 113-i, for example at least 50% along its length starting from the opening 15, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% or the like. Then, due to the capillary effect created by the nanoscale structures 16-i, the closing of the switch 14-ia by the liquid (or because of the presence of the liquid in the detecting portion 117-i) means that the liquid is present in a corresponding percentage of the channel 113-i.

[0180] Additionally or alternatively, the absorbing surface structure 110 may be configured such that the detecting portions 117-i of the absorbing surface structure 110 are arranged in the respectively outermost branch of each channel 113-i, or, in other words, in a portion of the channel 113-i closest to the outer radial end of the absorbing surface structure 110. It should be understood that the detecting portions 117-i may also extend over multiple branches of the respective channel 113-i or may even extend over the whole length of the channel 113-i. In any case, it is preferred (although not necessary) that the segments 111-i of the absorbing surface structure 110 are arranged with rotational symmetry, in the present case with a rotational symmetry of C4 about a rotational axis located in the center of the absorbing surface structure 110, within the opening, and perpendicular to the disk of the absorbing surface structure 110. Of course, any other number n of segments 111-i may be provided, and thus a corresponding Cn symmetry may apply.

[0181] FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a detail of a vaporizer according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5a) shows the same view as FIG. 4b), i.e. a detail of one segment 211-1 out of a plurality of segments 211-i of an absorbing surface structure 210, wherein the segments 211-i are equally-sized and equally-structured and arranged with rotational symmetry. In FIG. 5a), again n=4 segments with a C4 symmetry have been chosen as an example, with only one segment 211-1 being shown.

[0182] In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the absorbing surface structure 210 of the vaporizer is formed with the same heating elements and the same channels 113-i of winding structure as shown in, and discussed with respect to, FIG. 4. The difference in the embodiment of FIG. 5 is that there is no detecting portion 117-i arranged within the channel 113-i, but that the respective detecting portion comprises the respective entire segment 211-i. This is achieved by providing mesh-like and/or fan-like electrical contacts 214-1b, 214-1c which sandwich between them the layer of the absorbing surface structure 210 comprising the channel 113-1.

[0183] The fence-like and/or fan-like and/or mesh-like electrical contacts 214-1b, 214-1c allow generated vapor to escape through the gaps between the bars, grids or braces of the fence-like and/or fan-like and/or mesh-like electrical contacts 214-1b, 214-c while also obtaining sufficient information about the presence of liquid throughout the segment 211-i by capacitive sensing.

[0184] In this context, “fan-like” may mean that bars are arranged as connected at a central point (e.g. the radial origin of a segment 211-1 as shown in FIG. 5) and extend radially outward from there.

[0185] “Fence-like” may indicate the presence of bars alternating with gaps, wherein the bars may be parallel to one another or arranged at an angle of less than 180° to one another, preferably of less than 90°, e.g. as shown in FIG. 5a). The distances and/or gaps between each two neighboring bars are preferably identical.

[0186] “Mesh-like” may indicate at least some braces crossing other braces such as to form T-shaped junctions (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5a) at the outer radial end of the segment 211-1) or cross-shaped junctions, for example a plurality of braces forming a chess pattern.

[0187] The use of the electronic cigarette 1000 according to any of the herein described embodiments or variants, comprising any of the herein described embodiments of variants of the vaporizer 50; 150, may proceed as follow:

[0188] The liquid transfer element 40 is brought into contact with liquid stored in the liquid store 20. This may be performed during manufacture of the electronic cigarette 1000, or during assembly of the electronic cigarette 1000 by the user, for example when replacing a vaporizer 50; 150 and/or when replacing a liquid store 20. For example, the liquid store 20 may be comprised in a removable and disposable capsule, or the vaporizer 50; 150 may be a removable and disposable unit, whereas the liquid store 20 may be a refillable tank in the housing 80 of the electronic cigarette 1000.

[0189] A user may turn on the electronic cigarette 1000, e.g. by manipulating a button of the user interface 64 that operates the main switch 62. In variants with a passive liquid transfer element 40 (such as a wick), the liquid transfer element 40 may already be saturated with liquid at the point. Alternatively, turning on the electronic cigarette 1000 may also activate an active liquid transfer element 40 (such as a micropump) to start transferring liquid from the liquid store 20 to the vaporizer 50; 150.

[0190] By capillary action (due to the specific structure of the channels 13-i; 113-i of the absorbing surface structure 10; 110; 210), the liquid is then distributed by the channels 13-i; 113-i throughout the segments 11-i; 111-i. It may happen that the liquid is at times distributed unevenly between the segments 11-i; 111-i such that some segments 11-i; 111-i receive more liquid than others. The liquid enters the detecting portions 17-i; 117-i in the channels 13-i; 113-i and triggers, if the amount of liquid in a particular detecting portion 17-i; 117-i is sufficient, a corresponding switch 14-ia so as to control (or: actuate, or: activate) a corresponding heating element 12-i to start heating the corresponding segment 11-i; 111-i to generate vapor from the liquid by vaporizing it.

[0191] The amount being “sufficient” is determined by the design of the detecting portions 17-i; 117-i and/or by the design of the control circuitry 60, for example by triggering threshold values for electrical conductivity and/or capacitance, by digital thresholds programmed into a microcontroller and/or the like. The sufficient amount may, for instance, be determined based on the amount per time that can be vaporized by the heating elements 12-i continuously.

[0192] If during this process at any point the amount of liquid in any of the detecting portions 17-i; 117-i becomes too small, the corresponding switch 14-ia are opened and heating by the corresponding heating element 12-i ceases, just as in any of the detecting portions 17-i; 117-i in which the amount of liquid becomes sufficiently large, heating is (re-)started.

[0193] In the case that at any time in none of the detecting portions 17-i; 117-i a sufficient amount of the liquid is present, a signal may be provided to a user of the electronic cigarette 1000, for example via the user interface 64. For example, a sound, a melody, or a spoken message may be played to the user, or an indicator LED may be active, or a text message may be displayed by a display of the user interface 64.

[0194] Thus, the electronic cigarette 1000 has improved liquid flow and increased device component lifespan because of the targeted and precise activation/deactivation of heating elements 12-i. In particular, wick and battery lifespan are extended. Moreover, user satisfaction is improved as the overall generation of vapor is more consistent and the occurrence of “dry hits” is eliminated or at least reduced without the need for an increased device size.

[0195] FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a detail of a vaporizer according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 shows the same view as FIG. 2b), i.e. a top view of an absorbing structure 310 of a vaporizer. The absorbing structure 310 comprises a single segment 311 with a single (preferably microfluidic) channel 313. Along the sides of the channel 313, electrical contacts 14-1b and 14-1c are disposed as has been described in the foregoing. In this variant, the channel 313 is formed as a straight line or track running through the center of the absorbing structure 310, where the opening 15 is arranged, and beginning and ending at the radial outer ends of the absorbing structure 310.

[0196] The electrical contacts 14-1b and 14-1c correspond to a detecting portion 17-1 and are preferably arranged at one of the radial outer ends of the channel 313. As has been described in the foregoing, only when the presence of liquid is detected in the detecting portion 17-1, is electrical power supplied to at least one heating element. In this variant, heating elements may be arranged at/in both branches of the channel 313 extending to both sides from the opening 15.

[0197] Optionally, two pairs of electrical contacts 14-1b and 14-1c may be arranged, one at each opposite end of the channel 313, and each may be configured to detect the presence of liquid in a corresponding detecting portion for activating or deactivating a corresponding one of the two heating elements.

[0198] FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a detail of a vaporizer according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows the same view as FIG. 6, i.e. a top view of an absorbing structure 410 of a vaporizer. The absorbing structure 410 comprises is different from the absorbing structure 310 of FIG. 6 in that a single channel 413 in the absorbing structure 410 is formed not as a straight line but as a winding or multiply-turning curve. As has been described in the foregoing with respect to FIG. 6, at least one pair of electrical contacts or two pairs of electrical contacts, at least one heating element or two heating elements and so on may be provided.

[0199] Compared to the channel 313 in FIG. 6, the channel 413 of FIG. 7 is larger even when the absorbing structure 410 of FIG. 7 has the same size as the absorbing structure 310 of FIG. 6. Thus, more liquid can be present within the absorbing structure 410 at the same time, and the amount of liquid that can be vaporized per time unit is increased.

[0200] FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a cartridge 55 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. The cartridge 55 comprises a vaporizer 50; 150 configured in any of the ways as described in the foregoing. The cartridge 55 also comprises a liquid store 20 for storing a liquid to be vaporized by the vaporizer 50. The liquid from the liquid store 20 is transported, by a liquid transport element 40, to at least one channel in the absorbing surface of the vaporizer 50; 150. The liquid transport element 40 may be an active or a passive element. One example for a passive element is an element which uses capillary force to transport the liquid, e.g. a wick.

[0201] The vaporized liquid escapes from the one or more channels into a cavity 35 into which outside air can enter via an air inlet 36. The cavity 35 is connected or connectable to a mouthpiece 30 (not necessarily part of the cartridge 55) via at least one vapor flow tube 52. The at least one vapor flow tube 52 preferable traverses—in a fluidically isolated manner—the liquid store 20 so that a very compact design is achieved.

[0202] FIG. 9 schematically illustrates an electronic cigarette 1000 in combination with the cartridge 55 of FIG. 8 inserted therein. It is shown how the cavity 35 is, compared to the mouthpiece 30, at the distal end of the cartridge 55. Apart from the vaporizer being part of the cartridge 55, the electronic cigarette may have the same features as has been described in the foregoing, in particular with respect to FIG. 1.

[0203] The cartridge 55 comprises electrical contacts for connecting to the circuitry within the electronic cigarette 1000, in particular to the power supply unit 70. Electrical terminals arranged at the cartridge 55 are configured to be connected to corresponding electrical terminals at a cartridge seating of the electronic cigarette 1000.

[0204] The cartridge seating may comprise a first pair of electrical terminals configured to power at least one heating element of the cartridge 55 and a second pair of electrical terminals configured to establish at least one control circuit.

[0205] The control circuitry 60 of the electronic cigarette 1000 comprises the controller configured to detect an electrical parameter (such as capacitance or resistance) of the at least one control circuit and control the supply of power to the at least one heating element such that power is supplied to the at least one heating element only when the detected electrical parameter is within a predefined parameter range. For example, detecting an electrical parameter may comprise measuring a value of the electrical parameter or otherwise determining whether the electrical parameter is in a predefined range. In some variants, if an electrical current flows through the at least one control circuit, this can be considered a detecting that the resistance of the at least one control circuit is in a predefined value range, i.e. a range that allows the conduction of electrical current.

[0206] Although specific embodiments of the invention are illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations exist. It should be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are examples only and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration in any way. Rather, the foregoing summary and detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing at least one exemplary embodiment, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents. Generally, this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein.

[0207] It will also be appreciated that in this document the terms “comprise”, “comprising”, “include”, “including”, “contain”, “containing”, “have”, “having”, and any variations thereof, are intended to be understood in an inclusive (i.e. non-exclusive) sense, such that the process, method, device, apparatus or system described herein is not limited to those features or parts or elements or steps recited but may include other elements, features, parts or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Furthermore, the terms “a” and “an” used herein are intended to be understood as meaning one or more unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on or to establish a certain ranking of importance of their objects.

LIST OF DRAWING SIGNS

[0208] 10 absorbing structure [0209] 11-i segments [0210] 12 heating element [0211] 13-S supply conduit [0212] 13-i channel [0213] 14-ia switch [0214] 14-ib electrical contacts [0215] 14-ic electrical contacts [0216] 15 opening or liquid conduit [0217] 15-i sensing circuit [0218] 16-i microscale structures [0219] 17-i detecting portions [0220] 20 liquid store [0221] 30 mouthpiece [0222] 35 cavity [0223] 36 air inlet [0224] 40 liquid transfer element [0225] 50 vaporizer [0226] 52 vapor flow tube [0227] 55 cartridge 60 control circuitry [0228] 62 main switch [0229] 64 user interface [0230] 70 power supply unit [0231] 80 housing [0232] 90 vapor [0233] 110 absorbing structure [0234] 111-1 segment [0235] 113-i channel [0236] 117-1 detecting portion [0237] 150 vaporizer [0238] 210 absorbing structure [0239] 211-1 segment [0240] 214-1b electrical contact [0241] 214-1c electrical contact [0242] 310 absorbing structure [0243] 313 channel [0244] 410 absorbing structure [0245] 413 channel [0246] 1000 electronic cigarette [0247] 1001 body portion [0248] 1002 mouthpiece portion