Abstract
A fuselage structure of an aircraft includes a first fuselage section and a second fuselage section connected to the first fuselage section, the second fuselage section including at least one first fuselage vessel extending the first fuselage section in a longitudinal direction, with the first fuselage section and the first fuselage vessels comprising circumferential flanges arranged at longitudinal ends of the first fuselage section and the first fuselage vessels extending radially in the first fuselage vessels and the first fuselage section wherein fasteners extend through abutting flanges of the first fuselage section and the fuselage vessel to establish a force-fit connection between the first fuselage section and the first fuselage vessels, when assembled, and wherein the first fuselage vessel provides a storage space for at least one tank structure. Also disclosed are a method for assembling the fuselage structure and an aircraft including the fuselage structure.
Claims
1. A fuselage structure of an aircraft, comprising: a first fuselage section and a second fuselage section connected to the first fuselage section, with the second fuselage section comprising at least one first fuselage vessel extending the first fuselage section in a longitudinal direction, with the first fuselage section and the first fuselage vessel comprising circumferential flanges arranged at longitudinal ends of the first fuselage section and the fuselage vessel and extending radially in the first fuselage vessel and the first fuselage section; a plurality of fasteners extending through abutting flanges of the first fuselage section and the fuselage vessel to establish a force-fit connection between the first fuselage section and the first fuselage vessel when assembled; and wherein the first fuselage vessel provides a storage space for at least one tank structure.
2. The fuselage structure according to claim 1, wherein the at least one tank structure is configured as a pressurized hydrogen storage tank.
3. The fuselage structure according to claim 1, wherein a circumferential surface of the first fuselage vessel forms a shell of the fuselage with the flanges attached to the shell in a form-fit manner.
4. The fuselage structure according to claim 1, wherein the first fuselage vessel has a circular or non-circular configuration aligned in an orbital plane with the first fuselage section.
5. The fuselage structure according to claim 1, wherein the fasteners are configured as a tension bolt or a conical shear bolt, wherein the fasteners are arrangeable alternating in a circumferential direction in the flanges.
6. The fuselage structure according to claim 1, wherein the first fuselage vessel defines an inner space, with the inner space having a shape essentially corresponding to a shape of the tank structure, wherein the tank structure comprises at least one of two storage tanks arranged side by side and one storage tank extending in a longitudinal direction of the first fuselage vessel and wherein the tank structure comprises feeding lines and venting lines guided along one of an inner or an outer surface of the aircraft fuselage.
7. The fuselage structure according to claim 1, wherein the first fuselage section is configured as a pressurized compartment and the second fuselage section is configured as an unpressurized compartment and wherein a pressure bulkhead is provided arrangeable in between the first fuselage section and the second fuselage section.
8. The fuselage structure according to claim 1, wherein the second fuselage section comprises at least one further fuselage vessel extending the first fuselage vessel in a longitudinal direction and being aligned in an orbital plane with the first fuselage vessel, with the at least one further fuselage vessel comprising circumferential flanges arranged at longitudinal ends of the further fuselage vessel and extending radially in the further fuselage vessel, with a plurality of fasteners extending through abutting flanges of the first fuselage vessel and the at least one the further fuselage vessel to establish a force-fit connection between the fuselage vessels when assembled.
9. The fuselage structure according to claim 1, further comprising a rear end section arranged at a longitudinal end of the second fuselage section, with the rear end section comprising a circumferential flange arranged at a longitudinal end of the rear end section facing the second fuselage section and extending radially in the rear end section, with a plurality of fasteners extending through abutting flanges of the rear end section and the second fuselage section to establish a force-fit connection between the second fuselage section and the rear end section when assembled.
10. A method for assembling the fuselage structure according to claim 1, comprising providing a first fuselage section, providing a first fuselage vessel of a second fuselage section, connecting the first fuselage vessel to the first fuselage section to extend the first fuselage section in a longitudinal direction of the aircraft fuselage aligning the first fuselage section and the first fuselage vessel in an orbital plane, connecting the first fuselage vessel to the first fuselage section by a plurality of fasteners configured as one of a tension bolt and a conical shear bolt arranged alternating in a circumferential direction of the flanges and extending through abutting flanges provided at longitudinal ends of the first fuselage vessel and the first fuselage section facing each other, and arranging a tank structure within the first fuselage vessel.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the tank structure comprises at least one of two storage tanks and one storage tank extending in a longitudinal direction of the second fuselage section, wherein arranging the tank structures comprises arranging the storage tanks side by side or one behind the other.
12. The method according to claim 10, further comprising connecting feeding lines and venting lines to the tank structure before installation of tank structure in the fuselage vessel and guiding the feeding lines and venting lines along one of an inner or an outer surface of the aircraft fuselage.
13. The method according to claim 10, further comprising providing at least one further fuselage vessel extending in the longitudinal direction of the first fuselage vessel before or after arranging a tank structure within the first fuselage vessel, aligning the fuselage vessels in an orbital plane and connecting the fuselage vessels by a plurality of fasteners extending through abutting flanges provided at longitudinal ends of the fuselage vessels facing each other.
14. The method according to claim 10, further comprising providing a fuselage rear section and connecting the fuselage rear section to the second fuselage section by a plurality of fasteners extending through abutting flanges provided at longitudinal ends of the second fuselage section and the fuselage rear section facing each other.
15. An aircraft comprising the fuselage structure according to claim 1, wherein the first fuselage section is configured as a pressurized cargo or passenger compartment and the second fuselage section is configured as an unpressurized storage tank compartment, with a pressure bulkhead being arranged between the first fuselage section and the second fuselage section.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] The disclosure herein will be explained in greater detail with reference to example embodiments depicted in the drawings as appended.
[0026] FIGS. 1a, 1b schematically depict views of a fuselage structure according to an embodiment of the disclosure herein;
[0027] FIGS. 2a, 2b schematically depict sectional views of fuselage structures according to embodiments of the disclosure herein with alternative arrangements of tank structures within the fuselage structures,
[0028] FIG. 3 schematically depicts a further embodiment of a of a fuselage structure according to the disclosure herein;
[0029] FIGS. 4a, 4b depict a detailed view of a section of a fuselage structure according to a further embodiment of the disclosure herein;
[0030] FIG. 5 depicts a fuselage structure according to a further embodiment of the disclosure herein; and
[0031] FIG. 6 schematically depicts the steps of a method for assembling a fuselage structure of an aircraft according to an embodiment of the disclosure herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure herein and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the embodiments of the disclosure herein and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure herein. Other embodiments of the disclosure herein and many of the intended advantages of the disclosure herein will be readily appreciated as they become better understood by reference to the detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. In the figures, like reference numerals denote like or functionally like components, unless indicated otherwise.
[0033] Although specific embodiments are illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the disclosure herein. Generally, this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein.
[0034] In the figures of the drawings, identical elements, features, and components that have the same function, and the same effect are each given the same reference signs, unless otherwise specified.
[0035] FIGS. 1a, 1b schematically depict views of a fuselage structure 100 according to an embodiment of the disclosure herein. The fuselage structure 100 comprises a first fuselage section 101 and a second fuselage section 102 connected therewith, with the second fuselage section 102 extending the first fuselage section 101 in a longitudinal direction towards a rear end section 103 of the aircraft fuselage 104. The second fuselage sections 102 in FIG. 1a the second fuselage section 102 comprises one fuselage vessel 105a joint to the first fuselage section 101 and the rear end section 103, whereas in FIG. 1b the second fuselage section comprises two fuselage vessels 105a, b joint to each other and interposed between the first fuselage section 101 and the rear end section 103. The fuselage vessels 105a, b define a compartment 106 for arranging tank structures 107a, b, in particular hydrogen storage tanks. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1a, two tank structures 107a, b are arrange side by side, wherein the second tank structure 107b not visible. In FIG. 1a, a tank system 108 is positioned adjacent to each of the storage tanks 109 of the tank structure 107a, b and arranged in an area of the second fuselage section 102 facing the first fuselage section 101. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1b, storage tanks 109 are arranged one after the other in the second fuselage section 102 with an additional storage tank 109 placed in the rear end section 103 of the aircraft fuselage 104. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1a the tank structures 107a, b were introduced whereas in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1b, a first fuselage vessel 105a was connected with the first fuselage section 101 with a tank structure 107a being arranged therein before the second fuselage vessel 105b was orbitally joint thereto.
[0036] The fuselage structure 100 allows to reduce empty space inside the aircraft fuselage, which unavoidably needs to be accessed for installation, deinstallation and maintenance operation of the tank structures 107a, b inside the aircraft fuselage 104 by enabling access to the installation through the open fuselage vessels. The assembly allows to quickly remove and reinstall a fuselage vessel 105a, b without modifying it, so that the downtime for maintenance or replacement of a tank structure 107a, b in airline operations is reduced as the second fuselage section 102 does not need to be modified but removed, only. The fuselage structures 100 depicted in FIGS. 1a and b avoids hidden installation of storage tanks 109 and tank systems 108. In case more than one storage tank 109 is required by the system architecture an installation does not need to be unnecessarily removed to enable removal of a e.g. defect installations. During assembly of the fuselage structure 100 and installation of the tank structures 107a, b empty space inside the aircraft fuselage 104 effectively allows for parallel execution of installation work for tank structures 107a, b and tank systems 108. The fuselage structure 100 also provides improved accessibility to each tank structure 107a, b and related tank systems 108 due to the open fuselage vessel 105a, b. Working through the fuselage vessel 105a, b open during assembly furthermore allows for much better lighting and logistics conditions and better ergonomic working positions of operating staff in manufacturing.
[0037] FIGS. 2a and 2b schematically depict sectional views of fuselage structures 100 of the disclosure herein with alternative arrangements of tank structures 107a, b within the fuselage structure 100. Therein FIG. 2a depicts a sectional view of the fuselage structure 100 according to FIG. 1a whereas FIG. 2b corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 1b. In FIG. 1a, a side-by-side arrangement of two tank structures 107a, b is shown with the fuselage vessels 105a, b having a non-circular cross section. The fuselage vessel of FIG. 2b has a circular cross section and houses a single tank structure 107a, b. A further tank structure 107a, b can be positioned in a longitudinal direction of the fuselage structure 100 behind the tank structure 107a shown in FIG. 2b. The tank structures 107a, b in both embodiments are placed on flooring structures 110 extending horizontally in the fuselage vessels 105a, b and ensuring a safe and balanced positioning of the tank structures 107a, b within the fuselage vessels 105a, b.
[0038] FIG. 3 schematically depicts a further embodiment of a fuselage structure 100 according to the disclosure herein. The fuselage structure 100 comprises a pressurized first fuselage section 101 serving as a cargo or passenger compartment and separated from the second fuselage section 102 by a pressure bulkhead 121. Orbitally joined to the first fuselage section 101 a second fuselage section 102 is arranged. The second fuselage section 102 consists of two fuselage vessels 105a, b joined via flanges 111 extending radially into the fuselage vessels 105a, b and abutting in the assembled state. Connection of fuselage vessels 105a, b is established using tension bolts 112 and conical shear bolts 113 inserted in the flanges 111. Tension bolts 112 and conical shear bolts 113 will be described in more detail in connection with FIGS. 4a and 4b. Inside the second fuselage section 102 a total of two tank structures 107a, b, each comprising a pressurized hydrogen storage tank 109 and a hydrogen tank system 108 attached thereto are implemented and positioned with the hydrogen tank systems 108 of each tank structure 107a, b facing each other. The hydrogen tank system 108 is connected to a plurality of lines 114a, b such as fuel distribution lines, fuel venting lines, electric harnesses, fluid carrying lines for heat and cooling systems. The lines 114a, b are guided in the second fuselage section 102 and extend in a vertical direction with respect to the aircraft fuselage 104 longitudinal extension. The lines 114a, b are guided through the outer shell 115 of the aircraft fuselage 104 with the fuselage vessels 105a, b providing a primary structure of the aircraft fuselage 104. The lines 114a, b exiting the aircraft fuselage 104 are further guided along the fuselage 104 outer shell 115 and extend horizontally in a longitudinal direction of the aircraft to supply the aircraft propulsion system with hydrogen. Since the lines 114a, b are guided outside the second fuselage section 102, usage of internal space is optimized and accessibility to the lines 114a, b improved. The modular configuration of the second fuselage section 102 allows for efficient and ergonomically handling during assembly, disassembly and maintenance of the lines 114a, b through the open fuselage vessel 105a, b.
[0039] FIGS. 4a and 4b depict a detailed view of a section of a fuselage structure 100 according to a further embodiment of the disclosure herein. FIG. 4a shows a conical shear bolt 113 used in the assembly of the fuselage structure 100. The conical shear bolt 113 comprises a conical pin 116 extending through holes 117 provided in flanges 111 attached to the fuselage vessel 105a, b and a shear bolt nut 118 to secure and tighten the conical shear bolt 113. Conical shear bolts 113 are distributed equally around the full perimeter of the fuselage vessel 105a, b and provide for a self-centering function to compensate for elastic deformation of the fuselage vessel 105a, b in shape that can arise due to different loading conditions, e. g. different hoisting of the fuselage vessels 105a, b, fuselage vessels 105a, b with or without tank structures 107a, b being installed, in joined or disassembled condition. The self-centering function allows the two fuselage vessels 105a, b to adapt their shape to each other during the joining operation, without any measurements, adjustments or modifications to the fuselage vessels 105a, b themselves being required. The conical shear bolts 113 can equally serve to transfer shear loads that occur in operation of the aircraft from one fuselage vessel 105a, b to the other, once the fuselage vessels 105a, b are joined. The shear transfer can also take place by friction between flanges 111 due to the tension bolts 112 tightening the assembly. In this condition conical shear bolts 113 can contribute to shear transfer, while still providing the self-centering function for alignment of fuselage vessels 105a, b and fuselage sections 101, 102 as shown e.g. in FIGS. 1a and 1b.
[0040] FIG. 4b depicts a tension bolt 112 extending through the aforementioned flanges 111. Tightening the tension bolt nuts 119 after the fuselage vessels 105a, b or fuselages sections 101, 102 have been centered ensures a force-fit connection of the fuselage vessels 105a, b or fuselages sections 101, 102 and enables transfer of axial loads between the fuselage vessels 105a, b and fuselages sections 101, 102.
[0041] FIG. 5 depicts a fuselage structure 100 according to a further embodiment of the disclosure herein and represents a section of the orbital joining between two fuselage vessels 105a, b. The fuselage vessels 105a, b are provided with a flanges 111 extending radially inward into the fuselage vessels 105a, b with the flanges 111 comprising a plurality of holes 117 aligned during assembly. The holes 117 serve to receive conical shear bolts 113 and tension bolts 112 described in connection with FIGS. 4a and 4b in an alternating arrangement. The flanges 111 are connected to the longitudinal ends 120a, b of each fuselage vessel 105a, b or fuselage section 101, 102 and affixed to the outer circumferential structure of the fuselage vessel 105a, b in a force-fit connection, e.g. by riveting. Flanges 111 can also be configured to house the conical shear bolts 113 and tension bolts 112 as may be gathered from FIGS. 4a, and 4b. During assembly the conical pins 116 of the conical shear bolts 112 are inserted in the flanges 111 extending through holes 117 provided therein in a first assembly step. By tightening the shear bolt nuts 118 fuselage vessels 105a, b are self-centering and pulled together via the conical pin 116. In a second assembly step, tension bolts 112 are inserted in the remaining holes 117 of the flanges 111 in an alternating arrangement with the conical shear bolts 113. Subsequent tightening of the tension bolt nuts 119 after the fuselage vessels 105a, b or fuselage sections 101, 102 have been centered ensures a force-fit connection of the fuselage vessels 105a, b or fuselage sections 101, 102 able to transfer axial loads.
[0042] FIG. 6 schematically depicts the steps of a method for assembling a fuselage structure 100 of an aircraft according to an embodiment of the disclosure herein. In a first step 201 a first fuselage section 101 and a first fuselage vessel 105a of a second fuselage section 102 is provided whereas in a further step 202 the first fuselage vessel 105a is connected to the first fuselage section 101 to extend the first fuselage section 101 in a longitudinal direction of the aircraft fuselage 104. A tank structure 107a, b is arranged in step 203 within the first fuselage vessel 105a and at least one second fuselage vessel 105b of the second fuselage section 102 is provided in step 204. First fuselage vessel 105a and second fuselage vessel 105b are aligned in an orbital plane and a connection of the at least one second fuselage vessel 105b to the first fuselage vessel 105a is established by a plurality of fasteners extending through abutting flanges 111 provided at longitudinal ends 120a, b of the first and second fuselage vessel 105a, b facing each other. In a further step 205 of the assembly, conical pins 116 of conical shear bolts 113 are inserted in the flanges 111 extending through holes 117 provided therein, wherein by tightening the shear bolt nuts 118 of the conical shear bolts 113 fuselage vessels 105a, b are self-centering and pulled together. In a further step 206 tension bolts 112 are inserted in the remaining holes 117 of the flanges 111 and in an alternating arrangement with the conical shear bolts 113 and tension bolt nuts 119 tightened after the fuselage vessels 105a, b or fuselage section 101, 102 have been centered, to ensure a force-fit connection of the fuselage vessels 105a, b or fuselage sections 101, 102 thus enabling transfer of axial loads. After assembly of the fuselage vessels 105a, b of the second fuselage section 102, a rear end section 103 of the aircraft fuselage 104 is connected to the longitudinal end 120a, b of the second fuselage section 102 in a further step 207 by a plurality of fasteners extending through abutting flanges 111 provided at longitudinal ends 102a, b of the second fuselage section 102 and the rear end section 103 facing each other in an assembly as described before using conical shear bolts 113 and tension bolts 112.
[0043] In the foregoing detailed description, various features are grouped together in one or more examples or examples with the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. It is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents. Many other examples will be apparent to one skilled in the art upon reviewing the above specification. The embodiments were chosen and described to best explain the principles of the disclosure herein and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosure herein and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
[0044] While at least one example embodiment of the invention(s) is disclosed herein, it should be understood that modifications, substitutions, and alternatives may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the example embodiment(s). In addition, in this disclosure, the terms comprise or comprising do not exclude other elements or steps, the terms a, an or one do not exclude a plural number, and the term or means either or both. Furthermore, characteristics or steps which have been described may also be used in combination with other characteristics or steps and in any order unless the disclosure or context suggests otherwise. This disclosure hereby incorporates by reference the complete disclosure of any patent or application from which it claims benefit or priority.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
[0045] 100 fuselage structure [0046] 101 first fuselage section [0047] 102 second fuselage section [0048] 103 rear end section [0049] 104 aircraft fuselage [0050] 105a, b fuselage vessel [0051] 106 compartment [0052] 107a, b tank structure [0053] 108 tank system [0054] 109 storage tank [0055] 110 flooring structures [0056] 111 flange [0057] 112 tension bolt [0058] 113 conical shear bolt [0059] 114a, b line [0060] 115 shell [0061] 116 conical pin [0062] 117 hole [0063] 118 shear bolt nut [0064] 119 tension bolt nuts [0065] 120a, b longitudinal end [0066] 121 pressure bulkhead [0067] 202 step [0068] 203 step [0069] 204 step [0070] 205 step [0071] 206 step [0072] 207 step
