AIR PERMEABLE ARTIFICIAL FINGERNAILS WITH REMOVABLE AND REUSABLE ADHESIVE COATING

Abstract

This disclosure introduces an innovative cosmetic nail enhancement system comprising air permeable artificial nails with a removable and reusable adhesive coating. Designed to mimic the look and feel of professionally enhanced nails, these artificial nails offer users a versatile range of customization options in size, shape, color, and design, accommodating various personal styles and occasions. The invention's cornerstone is its unique adhesive technology, formulated to ensure a strong yet non-damaging bond with the natural nail, allowing for easy, gentle removal and multiple reapplications, as well as strategically placed micro-perforations to ensure natural nail health. These features not only enhances the product's economic and environmental appeal by promoting reuse but also bridges the gap between traditional permanent enhancements and the demand for flexible, temporary nail decoration solutions. Through this invention, users gain the ability to frequently and conveniently change their nail aesthetics without compromising natural nail health.

Claims

1. An air permeable artificial nail apparatus, comprising: an artificial nail body comprising a top surface and an underside surface; a plurality of micro-perforations extending through the artificial nail body from the top surface to the underside surface; a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer affixed to the underside surface of the artificial nail body; and a release liner removably affixed to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; wherein the micro-perforations extend through the adhesive layer and the release liner to maintain air permeability to the natural nail.

2. The air permeable artificial nail apparatus of claim 1, wherein the artificial nail body is constructed from a material selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), styrene acrylonitrile (SAN), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyamide (PA), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and copolymers or blends thereof.

3. The air permeable artificial nail apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of micro-perforations are configured to have a diameter ranging from 10 microns to 100 microns and a density ranging from 10 to 250 holes per 0.5-inch by 0.5-inch square.

4. The air permeable artificial nail apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer comprises a solvent-free pressure-sensitive adhesive, wherein the adhesive layer is formulated to provide a peel adhesion ranging from 2 pounds per inch to 60 pounds per inch as measured by ASTM D3330 and a loop tack ranging from 2 pounds per inch to 75 pounds per inch as measured by ASTM D6195.

5. The air permeable artificial nail apparatus of claim 1, wherein the artificial nail body has a thickness ranging from 0.25 mm to 5 mm.

6. The air permeable artificial nail apparatus of claim 1, wherein the artificial nail body comprises a flexible peel-and-stick film constructed from a polymer blend comprising polyurethane, acrylates copolymer, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, and one or more oxides as colorants, with a thickness ranging from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

7. The air permeable artificial nail apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer further comprises one or more soothing agents selected from the group consisting of Aloe Barbadensis leaf juice, Ormenis Multicaulis, Enteromorpha Compressa Extract, and Vitamin E, configured to reduce irritation upon application and removal.

8. The air permeable artificial nail apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer further comprises one or more colorants selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, configured to provide an opaque appearance.

9. The air permeable artificial nail apparatus of claim 1, wherein the artificial nail body is customizable with decorative elements selected from the group consisting of solid colors, patterns, textures, and pre-applied nail art.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings illustrate various aspects and embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein but should not be construed as restricting the scope of the invention in any manner. The disclosed embodiments have other advantages and features which will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the claims, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or components.

[0016] FIG. 1 is a perspective top view of an air permeable artificial nail having a staggered air hole pattern.

[0017] FIG. 2 is a perspective bottom view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 1 showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0018] FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 1 that depicts air holes having a first diameter.

[0019] FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 1 that depicts air holes having a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter of the air holes in FIG. 3 and showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0020] FIG. 5 is a left-side plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 1.

[0021] FIG. 6 is a right-side plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 1.

[0022] FIG. 7 is a front side plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 1 showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0023] FIG. 8 is a back side plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 1 showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0024] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 1 depicting the diameter of the air holes decreasing from back to front and showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0025] FIG. 10 is a perspective top view of a second embodiment of an air permeable artificial nail having a staggered air hole pattern with a reduced density of air holes in the nail from that shown in FIG. 1.

[0026] FIG. 11 is a perspective bottom view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 10 showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0027] FIG. 12 is a top plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 10 that depicts air holes having a first diameter.

[0028] FIG. 13 is a bottom plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 10 that depicts air holes having a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter of the air holes in FIG. 12 and showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0029] FIG. 14 is a perspective top view of a third embodiment of an air permeable artificial nail having a straight air hole pattern.

[0030] FIG. 15 is a perspective bottom view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 14 showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0031] FIG. 16 is a top plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 14 that depicts air holes having a first diameter.

[0032] FIG. 17 is a bottom plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 14 that depicts air holes having a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter of the air holes in FIG. 16 and showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0033] FIG. 18 is a perspective top view of a fourth embodiment of an air permeable artificial nail having a straight air hole pattern with a reduced density of air holes in the nail from that shown in FIG. 14.

[0034] FIG. 19 is a perspective bottom view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 18 showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0035] FIG. 20 is a top plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 18 that depicts air holes having a first diameter.

[0036] FIG. 21 is a bottom plan view of the air permeable artificial nail of FIG. 18 that depicts air holes having a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter of the air holes in FIG. 20 and showing an affixed adhesive layer and a release liner layer with the air holes permeating thereto.

[0037] FIG. 22 depicts an exploded view of a human hand with five fingers in reference to air permeable artificial fingernails with removable and reusable adhesive coating according to the present invention.

[0038] FIG. 23 depicts an exploded view of an air permeable artificial fingernail with removable and reusable adhesive coating and a release liner in reference to a natural fingernail according to the present invention.

[0039] FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of an air permeable artificial fingernail with removable and reusable adhesive coating and a release liner according to the present invention depicted in FIGS. 22-23.

[0040] Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0041] Various aspects and embodiments of the apparatus and methods of the present invention are now described in detail. In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, wherein like numerals designate like parts throughout, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, embodiments that may be practiced.

[0042] The present invention relates to novel air permeable artificial nail apparatuses, systems, and methods that employ an innovative adhesive formulation. This formulation is distinctively designed to accommodate a diverse range of fingernail contours, offering an unparalleled combination of user-friendly application, efficiency, rapidity of use, and compatibility with nail and skin physiology. The invention's unique adhesive technology represents a significant advancement over existing solutions, providing enhanced adhesion performance tailored to the specific needs and variations of human anatomy. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of embodiments is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0043] Aspects of the disclosure are disclosed in the accompanying description. Alternate embodiments of the present disclosure and their equivalents may be devised without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. It should be noted that any discussion herein regarding one embodiment, an embodiment, an exemplary embodiment, and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, and that such particular feature, structure, or characteristic may not necessarily be included in every embodiment. In addition, references to the foregoing do not necessarily comprise a reference to the same embodiment. Finally, irrespective of whether it is explicitly described, one of ordinary skill in the art would readily appreciate that each of the particular features, structures, or characteristics of the given embodiments may be utilized in connection or combination with those of any other embodiment discussed herein.

[0044] Various steps, operations, or actions may be described as multiple discrete steps, operations, or actions in turn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the claimed subject matter. However, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these steps, operations, or actions are necessarily order dependent. In particular, these steps, operations, or actions may not be performed in the order of presentation. Steps, operations, or actions described may be performed in a different order than the described embodiment. Various additional steps, operations, or actions may be performed and/or described steps, operations, or actions may be omitted in additional embodiments.

[0045] The present invention pertains to a novel system and method for enhancing and decorating fingernails through a set of air permeable artificial nails equipped with a unique, removable, and reusable adhesive coating on the underside. This detailed description provides an in-depth look at the construction, composition, and application process of the artificial fingernails, highlighting the innovation behind the adhesive technology and the benefits it offers to users.

[0046] The air permeable artificial fingernails, as depicted by reference numeral 103 (as shown in FIG. 22), are constructed from high-quality materials such as advanced polymers, biodegradable plastics, or composite materials, ensuring durability, flexibility, and a natural appearance. These materials are selected for their ability to mimic the look and feel of natural nails while also providing a robust canvas for a variety of designs, from simple color applications to intricate art. Most commonly, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, or ABS, an opaque thermoplastic, is selected for use in the manufacturing of artificial nails. ABS is an amorphous polymer comprised of three monomers, acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. Alternatives such as Polylactic Acid, or PLA, an opaque bio-derived thermoplastic, is slowly gaining popularity in use for manufacturing artificial nails due to its plant-derived material story which resonates with today's consumers due to the material's environmental benefits. Each set of artificial nails includes multiple sizes and shapes to accommodate the diverse nail bed sizes and preferences of users, as depicted by reference numeral 101 (as shown in FIG. 22), ensuring a personalized fit and aesthetic.

[0047] A key feature of the air permeable artificial fingernails is the underside coating of a specially formulated adhesive that allows for easy, damage-free attachment and removal from the natural nail. The adhesive is composed of a blend of preferably medical-grade components known for their gentle yet effective adhesive properties, ensuring a strong bond that can withstand normal hand movements, hand washing, and other activities. The air permeable artificial fingernail adhesive of mention functions without causing damage to the underlying natural nail and without the accidental dislodging of the artificial nail from the natural nail during regular use. In certain embodiments, the adhesive layer and release liner may be applied separately from the air-permeable artificial nails to the natural nail. Specifically, the adhesive layer, along with its affixed release liner, can be pre-formed using techniques such as die-cutting, laser-cutting, or other methods familiar to those skilled in the art. These pre-formed adhesive and release liner cut-outs can then be peeled away and pre-applied to the natural nail. Subsequently, the air-permeable artificial nail is applied over the pre-applied adhesive layer. In a preferred embodiment, the adhesive and release liner cut-outs are first subjected to air permeation before the air-permeable artificial nails are separately air-permeated.

[0048] The adhesive formulation of the air permeable artificial nail is designed to be easily peeled off from the natural nail, enabling users to reuse the artificial fingernails multiple times. This reusability aspect is not only cost-effective but also environmentally friendly, reducing waste associated with traditional single-use artificial nails.

[0049] Applying the artificial fingernails is a straightforward process that can easily be accomplished at home, eliminating the need for professional help. To start, users should first prepare their natural nails by thoroughly cleaning and drying them to ensure optimal adhesion. In some instances, users are recommended to prep their natural nails with alcohol to improve the optimal adhesive bonding. The next step involves selecting the air permeable artificial nail that best fits each finger, which is crucial for achieving a natural look and comfortable fit. Once the right size is determined, the user can then proceed by peeling off the protective layer with pull tab, as depicted by reference numeral 205 (as shown in FIG. 23), otherwise known as a release liner, as utilized with the artificial nails as depicted by reference numeral 201 (as shown in FIG. 23), to expose the adhesive on the artificial nail as depicted by reference numeral 203 (as shown in FIG. 23). The artificial nail is then pressed onto the natural nail bed as depicted by reference numeral 207 (as shown in FIG. 23), ensuring it is firmly in place for a secure attachment. The adhesive used for these artificial nails is specially formulated to maintain a strong hold throughout use but is designed to allow for easy removal. To remove the nails, the user simply needs to gently peel the nail off from the side or base, a method that helps minimize any potential damage to the natural nail. This balance of strong adhesion and easy removal provides users with both durability during wear and the gentleness needed to preserve the health of their natural nails.

[0050] For reuse, users can store the removed artificial nails in a carry case or pack specifically designed for their transport and safekeeping. When they wish to reapply them, users should simply remove each nail from the case or pack and align it with the corresponding finger. Then, they press down on the adhesive to the natural nail, which remains exposed after the initial use, to secure it to the natural nail bed. This method allows for the artificial fingernails to be reapplied multiple times, granting users the flexibility to change their nail designs as often as they like.

[0051] The invention encompasses a wide variety of artificial fingernail designs, including solid colors, patterns, textures, and pre-applied nail art, allowing users to select nails that best fit their personal style or occasion. Additionally, the artificial fingernails can be further customized after application, with users able to apply their nail polish, stickers, or other decorative elements to create a truly unique look.

[0052] This detailed description showcases the innovative aspects and user-centered design of the artificial fingernails, emphasizing the removable and reusable adhesive coating's role in providing a versatile, safe, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional nail enhancement methods. Through this invention, users gain the ability to effortlessly customize their manicure, enjoying the benefits of durable, aesthetically pleasing nail enhancements without compromising the health or integrity of their natural nails.

[0053] The innovative adhesive used in the air permeable artificial fingernails is formulated with pressure-sensitive adhesive blend, designed to provide a durable yet gentle bond with the natural nail. This unique adhesive allows for easy application, secure wear, and damage-free removal, making it ideal for artificial fingernail applications.

[0054] In addition to the innovative adhesive technology, the present invention further explores advanced methods for enhancing the breathability and comfort of artificial nails through micro-perforation techniques and additional material options. In another aspect of the present invention, one or more near-infrared (NIR) or ultraviolet (UV) lasers are employed to create micro-perforations through the artificial nails, the adhesive, and the release liner applied thereto. These micro-perforations are typically made perpendicular to the broad surface of the artificial nails. For instance, and as a non-limiting example, a 10-Watt 1030-nanometer fiber laser, delivered via a high-speed 2-axis scanner equipped with an F-theta lens and a 50 mm field-of-view, is utilized to produce the micro-perforations. The preferred embodiment of this invention involves using either NIR lasers or UV lasers for creating the micro-perforations due to the cold ablation process they offer, as opposed to the thermal process typically used by CO2 lasers. This cold ablation process results in a significantly smaller heat-affected zone, producing a higher quality cut that results in micro-perforations that are invisible or nearly invisible to the naked eye, which is a desirable feature of the invention hereto.

[0055] An unexpected advantage of the NIR laser or UV laser use in creating the micro-perforations of mention is that the cold ablation process creates a wider hole on the underside of the artificial nailthe side that the laser first contactsand a narrower hole on the exterior face of the artificial nail where the laser exits. The result is a nearly invisible hole to the naked eye on the exterior surface of the artificial nail. This ensures that whatever color or stylized design the user has selected for their artificial nails remains the focus while minimizing any visual distractions that the micro-perforations might otherwise produce. A non-limiting example of the preferred micro-perforation hole size ranges from 10 microns to 100 microns in diameter, with a more preferred range of about 20 microns to 60 microns in diameter. Similarly, the preferred density of micro-perforations on the artificial nails' ranges from 10 to 250 holes per 0.5-inch by 0.5-inch square, with a more preferred range of 20 to 75 micro-perforations per 0.5-inch by 0.5-inch square. The dimensions of 0.5-inch by 0.5-inch square are chosen as a reference only to the estimated average dimensional size of a user's natural nail. The estimated processing time for producing these micro-perforations ranges from 10 seconds to 1.5 minutes.

[0056] An additional embodiment of the present invention includes the optional use of a pressure-sensitive adhesive affixed to the underside of the artificial nails. Furthermore, a release liner may also be affixed to the underside of the pressure-sensitive adhesive. In both configurations, the micro-perforations are made perpendicular to the broad surface of the artificial nails. This configuration allows air to permeate through the artificial nail, pressure-sensitive adhesive, and release liner, reaching the wearer's natural nail bed. This creates an optimal environment for the natural nails, ensuring comfort and allowing the artificial nails to be worn for extended periods without causing pain, irritation, discomfort, or discoloration-issues commonly associated with conventional artificial nails that lack air permeability.

[0057] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, micro-perforations can be created using either hot or cold needles that puncture the artificial nails in a manner similar to that previously described. The artificial nails can be made from any type of material and thickness, regardless of the method selected for creating the micro-perforations. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, semi-rigid or rigid thermoplastics such as ABS, PMMA, SAN, PETG, PET, PP, PE, PC, PU, PVB, PA, PP, EVA, PVC, TPE and co-polymers or blends of these materials. Additionally, bioplastics such as PLA, PBAT, PBSA, and PHA, as well as their co-polymers or blends, may be used. The artificial nails can be adorned with any design or decoration. The preferred thickness of the artificial nails range from 0.25 mm to 5 mm, with a more preferred range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, die-cut or laser-cut peel-and-stick flexible plastic films may be used instead of the semi-rigid or rigid thermoplastics mentioned earlier. These flexible films can also be micro-perforated using the methods described in this invention. The peel-and-stick films can be decorated with any design, offering additional customization options for the artificial nails. A non-limiting example of the materials selected for manufacturing the peel-and-stick flexible air permeable artificial nails are a polymer blend comprising polyurethane, acrylates copolymer, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, and one or more oxides used as colorants, as well as aluminum hydroxide or the like used as a filler and potential flame retardant. The peel-and-stick flexible air permeable artificial nails may be of varying thicknesses ranging between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, and more preferably between 0.1 mm and 0.25 mm in thickness.

[0058] Furthermore, the present invention contemplates the use of various types of lasers beyond NIR lasers and UV lasers for creating micro-perforations. These include, but are not limited to, non-ultraviolet lasers, femtosecond lasers, picosecond lasers, and nanosecond lasers. Each of these laser types offers unique advantages in terms of precision, speed, and minimal thermal damage to the material. For example, femtosecond lasers provide ultrafast pulses that can create extremely precise micro-perforations with minimal heat affected zones, similar to the benefits of an NIR laser or UV laser. Picosecond and nanosecond lasers, while slightly slower, also offer high precision and can be suitable for various applications depending on the material properties and desired outcomes. The use of these different laser types ensures versatility in the manufacturing process, allowing for the optimization of micro-perforation quality and processing efficiency across a range of artificial nail materials and designs.

Exemplary Adhesive Formulations

[0059] The complete air-permeable artificial nail composite preferably comprises a tri-laminate structure, as illustrated by reference numeral 300 in FIG. 24. This tri-laminate includes the artificial nail (reference numeral 301), adhesive (reference numeral 303), and release liner (reference numeral 305). Air permeation through all three layers is depicted by reference numeral 307 in FIG. 24 with the air hole aperture being wider towards the base of the release liner and narrower towards the outward facing surface of the artificial nail. It is contemplated that the adhesive layer comprises a blend of advanced adhesives, optionally including medical-grade ingredients, to ensure safety and effectiveness. The adhesive layer is developed to provide optimal peel strength, ensuring that it grips hair firmly for efficient removal while being easy to peel off the skin. Preferably, the adhesive layer complies with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 10993 for skin sensitization.

[0060] In preferred embodiments, the artificial nail adhesive is formed with one or more highly specialized Pressure Sensitive Adhesives (PSAs). PSAs are a type of adhesive which forms a bond when pressure is applied to marry the adhesive with the surface to which the adhesive is applied, in this case, natural nail beds. No solvent, water, or heat is needed to activate the adhesive. The one or more pressure-sensitive adhesives can be manufactured from one or more of a group of rubbers, elastomers, acrylic polymers, or the like. Several non-limiting examples of the one or more rubbers, elastomers, and acrylic polymers for use in the adhesive layer of the present invention include solvent-acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, emulsion-acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, solvent-rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, solvent-free rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, emulsion-rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, 100-percent solids hot melt rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, polyisobutylene-based hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive, and UV curable pressure-sensitive adhesive.

[0061] A common form of rubber finding exemplary use in the PSA of the artificial nail adhesive of the present invention is synthetic rubber made form styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or Styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS). Although typically more expensive than naturally occurring rubber, such as latex derived from the Hevea brasiliensis rubberwood tree, SBR or SIS are exceptionally versatile and stable across a wide range of temperatures. Further, SBR and SIS have far superior aging properties and improved oil, grease, and abrasion resistance properties when compared to natural rubber. An additional form of rubber finding exemplary use in the PSA of the adhesive layer is carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (XSBR). XSBR is a type of synthetic rubber that has been modified by incorporating carboxylic acid groups into the styrene-butadiene copolymer chain. This modification enhances several properties of the rubber, making it more useful for specific applications compared to non-carboxylated SBR. For example, the incorporation of carboxyl groups into the polymer chain improves the rubber's adhesion properties, abrasion resistance, and mechanical strength. And yet another form of rubber finding exemplary use in the PSA of the adhesive layer is styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), as well as Styrenic block copolymers (SBCs). It is conceivable that a blend of two or more rubber types may be used in formulating the pressure-sensitive adhesive for the present invention's artificial nail adhesive.

[0062] It is contemplated that the pressure-sensitive adhesive used in the artificial nail adhesive can optionally consist of a blend containing one or more tackifying agents. Further, it is contemplated that the tackifying agents can be manufactured from one or more rosin resins such as those derived from either aged tree stumps (wood rosin), pine trees (methyl ester rosin), sap (gum rosin), or by-products of the paper making process (tall oil rosin). Still further, it is also contemplated that the tackifying agents can be manufactured from one or more hydrocarbon resins such as those made from petroleum-based feedstocks either aliphatic, aromatic, or aliphatic/aromatic, such as liquid C5, liquid C9, polybutene, polyisobutene, DCPD (dicyclopentadiene), aromatic-modified cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resin, or mixtures of these. Further still, it is contemplated that the tackifying agents can be manufactured from one or more terpene resins such as those made from terpene feedstocks either from wood sources or from citrus fruit. Alternatively, special plastomers such as polyphenyl ether or linear homopolymers such as Amoco Resin 18 may be selected as potential tackifying agents in certain instances. Yet another contemplated tackifier is liquid rubber, e.g., Isolene 40S. Any number of tackifier agents may be selected or blended depending on the desired properties of the air permeable artificial nail adhesive. The one or more optional tackifying agents can be blended or otherwise mixed with the one or more pressure-sensitive adhesives.

[0063] In the development of the pressure-sensitive adhesive for the artificial nail adhesive in the present invention, it is a preferred embodiment to select aromatic-modified cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resin flakes, which are chosen for their optimal tackifying properties. The ideal number-average molecular weight range for these flakes is between 300 to 900 grams per mole. Additionally, for producing the pressure-sensitive adhesive of the present invention's adhesive layer, polyisobutene tackifier has been identified as another preferred choice. Polyisobutene is selected for its viscosity-average molecular weight ranging from 40,000 to 55,000, with a more specific preference for a range between 40,000 and 47,000. The chosen tackifiers should be non-toxic and non-allergenic, ensuring they are safe for use while providing the necessary tackiness or peel strength. This ensures the adhesive can effectively grip or attach to hair, regardless of its size or length.

[0064] The pressure-sensitive adhesive for use in the artificial nail adhesive of the present invention can also optionally consist of a blend containing one or more plasticizers or oils. Several non-limiting examples for use in the present invention of preferred plasticizers or oils is mineral oil or naphthenic process oil, preferably medical grade. The preferred viscosity of the plasticizers or oils is in the range of 150 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) and 700 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) according to the ASTM D7042 standard, and more preferably between 500 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) and 650 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS). The one or more optional plasticizers or oils can be blended or otherwise mixed with the one or more pressure-sensitive adhesives.

[0065] Additionally, the artificial nail adhesive may incorporate colorants, dyes, or pigments. These can be applied to the artificial nail adhesive, the release liner, or the artificial nails, or a combination of these components. Several non-limiting examples of colorants are titanium dioxide or zinc oxide which can optionally be used to convert the color of the artificial nail adhesive to fully opaque white.

[0066] The artificial nail adhesive of the air permeable artificial nails may optionally be infused with one or more soothing agents such as Aloe Barbadensis leaf juice, Ormenis Multicaulis, Enteromorpha Compressa Extract, Vitamin E, or the like, for providing a soothing effect on the nail upon application and removal, reducing the likelihood of irritation or redness. Still further, fragrances such as essential oil may be added or infused into the artificial nail adhesive or the artificial nails themselves for adding a pleasant aroma to the artificial nails.

[0067] Further still, one or more antioxidants may be incorporated into the pressure-sensitive adhesive compound or blend of the artificial nail adhesive according to the present invention to help maintain the properties and performance when exposed to air, light, or heat. Antioxidants are also occasionally referred to as stabilizers and the two terminologies can be understood to convey the same meaning. Preferred antioxidants for the pressure-sensitive adhesive of the present invention include, but are not limited to, pentaerythrityl tetra-di-t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate, sterically hindered phenols, phosphites, and thioethers. Several non-limiting examples of suitable hindered phenols include: 1,3,5-trimethyl 2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-benzene; pentaerythritol tetrakis-3(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate; n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenol)-propionate; 4,4-methylenebis (2,6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-thiobis (6-tert-butyl-o-cresol); 2,6-di-tertbutylphenol; 6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2,4-bis(n-octyl-thio)-1,3,5-triazine; di-n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate; 2-(n-octylthio)-ethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoate; and sorbitol hexa[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate]. The optimal concentration of these antioxidant is 0.5 weight percent of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive. However, effective antioxidant use can be achieved with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5 weight percent of the total rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive composition.

[0068] It is further contemplated that suitable antioxidants for use in the pressure-sensitive adhesive can include a blend of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate] and tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl)phosphite wherein the optimal weight percent is between 0.1 and 5 weight percent of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, and preferably no more than 1 weight percent of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive.

[0069] As contemplated herein, in one variant, the artificial nail adhesive comprises a rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive that comprises a blend of: (i) 100-percent solids, solvent-free, hot-melt rubber of between 5 to 20 weight percent of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, (ii) mineral oil or naphthenic oil of between 10 to 40 weight percent of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, (iii) C5 aliphatic liquid tackifying resin of between 30 to 60 weight percent of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, (iv) aromatic-modified, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resin flakes of between 10 to 30 weight percent of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, (v) polyisobutene of between 0.25 to 2 weight percent of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, and (vi) antioxidant of between 0.25 to 2 weight percent of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive.

[0070] In another variant, it is contemplated that the adhesive layer comprises the following components as depicted according to the weight percentage of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive: [0071] 10 to 35 weight percent: 100-percent Solids, Solvent-Free, Hot-Melt Rubber [0072] 10 to 20 weight percent: Mineral Oil or Naphthenic Oil [0073] 40 to 60 weight percent: C5 Aliphatic Liquid Tackifying Resin [0074] 0 to 25 weight percent: Aromatic Modified, Cycloaliphatic Hydrocarbon Resin Flakes [0075] 0 to 2 weight percent: Polyisobutene [0076] 0.25 to 1 weight percent: Antioxidant

[0077] In still another variant, it is contemplated that the adhesive layer more preferably comprises the following components as depicted according to the weight percentage of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive: [0078] 10.30 weight percent: 100-percent Solids, Solvent-Free, Hot-Melt Rubber [0079] 16.17 weight percent: Mineral Oil or Naphthenic Oil [0080] 49.95 weight percent: C5 Aliphatic Liquid Tackifying Resin [0081] 22.43 weight percent: Aromatic Modified, Cycloaliphatic Hydrocarbon Resin Flakes [0082] 0.65 weight percent: Polyisobutene [0083] 0.5 weight percent: Antioxidant

[0084] And in yet another variant, it is contemplated that the adhesive layer more preferably comprises the following components as depicted according to the weight percentage of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive: [0085] 27.62 weight percent: 100-percent Solids, Solvent-Free, Hot-Melt Rubber [0086] 19.05 weight percent: Naphthenic Oil [0087] 52.38 weight percent: C5 Aliphatic Liquid Tackifying Resin [0088] 0.95 weight percent: Antioxidant

[0089] The artificial nail adhesive of the present invention can be said to be a custom 100-percent solids hot-melt rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive that is solvent-free. Additional formulation modifications are possible and contemplated based on a given need.

[0090] The artificial nail adhesive of the present invention preferably demonstrates a loop tack value as discussed below, which is a measure of the tack force and/or strength of the artificial nail adhesive when tested using the international standard test method ASTM D6195, or the like. In one variant, it is contemplated that the loop tack is between 2 pounds per inch and 75 pounds per inch. Further, the artificial nail adhesive of the present invention preferably demonstrates a peel adhesion, which is a measure of the force required to remove the artificial nail adhesive from a testing plate using the international standard test method ASTM D3330, or the like. In one variant, it is contemplated that the peel adhesion is between 2 pounds per inch and 60 pounds per inch. The custom-made, 100-percent solids hot-melt rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive of the adhesive layer preferably has a minimum shelf life of one to two years from the date of manufacture when stored at 70 degrees Fahrenheit and 50 percent relative humidity.

Environmental Considerations

[0091] Responding to the rising demand for eco-friendly grooming solutions, the artificial nails of the present invention are crafted with an emphasis on minimizing environmental impact. Carefully chosen materials and adhesives are not just effective and safe, but also environmentally sustainable, and vegan whenever possible. This approach includes the use of a tailor-made, solvent-free hot-melt rubber adhesive that consists entirely of solids, specifically designed for affixing to natural nails. The contemplated adhesive is notable for being completely free from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pollutants. Moreover, the solid rubber used is of such purity that it leaves no residual monomers or inhibitors, thereby preventing out-gassing and migration. Additionally, the manufacturing process of this adhesive is environmentally considerate, requiring minimal energy and no water. By way of example, compared to solvent-based adhesives, 100% solids hot-melt rubber manufacturing can reduce energy requirements by up to 95%. In a continued effort to be eco-conscious, the invention aims to eliminate the use of non-recycled and non-biodegradable plastics in the air permeable artificial nail components as much as possible.

Optional Adhesive Formulation Adjustments and Performance Adjustments

[0092] Adjustments to the adhesive formulation can be made to enhance performance. For example, modifying the weight percent of certain tackifiers as a percentage of the total weight of the rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive can optimize the adhesive strength and flexibility, resulting in a material that is highly effective yet gentle on the natural nail.

[0093] The artificial nail adhesive is designed to exhibit a high loop tack value, as measured by standard tests like ASTM D6195, indicating strong tack force and strength. Similarly, its peel adhesion, measured by tests such as ASTM D3330, is maintained at a high level, ensuring effective natural nail bonding. The chosen rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive demonstrates low-to-moderate surface energy performance, contributing to a long shelf life, a critical factor in maintaining the efficacy of the product. Further, for natural nail bonding, it's crucial to strike a balance between adhesion to natural nail with the ability to easy remove and reapply. Low-to-moderate surface energy performance in a rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive means it is engineered to effectively stick to the natural nail and remain functional with a strong bond after repeated use. Further still, an adhesive with low-to-moderate surface energy performance is more likely to be removed from the natural nail cleanly, without leaving behind sticky residues that can irritate the nail or require harsh cleaning to remove. Although a few embodiments have been described in detail above, other modifications are possible.

Exemplary Methods

[0094] The application of the air permeable artificial nails of the present invention is designed to be user-friendly and efficient. Users can select the appropriate air permeable artificial nail size based on their specific natural nails. The air permeable artificial nail is then pressed firmly onto the natural nail. This quick and easy process makes the air permeable artificial nails an ideal choice for repeated use. Of particular interest is that the air permeable artificial nails work very effectively even when applied onto hot and wet shower skin and nails. That is, the air permeable artificial nail adhesive of the present invention, which comprises a custom 100-percent solids, solvent-free, hot-melt rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, works quite effectively even when mildly wet. This attribute is attributable to the hydrophobic nature of the 100-percent solids rubber, which repels water. Further, due to the absence of solvents in the 100-percent solids hot-melt rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, there is an absence of compounds that would otherwise become compromised by the presence of water. An additional benefit of the custom hot-melt rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive for use with the air permeable artificial nails is their ability to adhere effectively across a wide temperature range, from about 65 F. to 150 F. While these extreme temperatures are likely beyond the recommended conditions for typical use, it indicates that the air permeable artificial nails are versatile enough to perform well in virtually any environment an end user might encounter, within practical limits.

[0095] The artificial nail adhesive of the present invention can be deposited on the underside of the air permeable artificial nail by a deposition machine. In other implementations, the artificial fingernail adhesive can be sprayed onto the underside of the air permeable artificial nail. In still other implementations, the artificial nail adhesive can be coated onto the underside of the air permeable artificial nail by methods known by those skilled in the art.

[0096] The air permeable artificial nail with removable and reusable adhesive coating can be enclosed in a packaging enclosure, such as a clam shell encasement or housing or the like. In some implementations, the encasement, enclosure, or housing includes a bridge or ridge to keep the artificial fingernails spaced apart from an inner wall of the encasement, enclosure, or housing, yet allow a user to grasp the artificial fingernails for reuse. In some further implementations, the packaging enclosure may contain an ultraviolet light inhibitor to prevent loss of properties or performance of the artificial fingernail adhesive when exposed to light at the point of sale. In still other implementations, the packaging enclosure may contain a silicone release agent to prevent the artificial fingernail adhesive from becoming stuck to the packaging material.

[0097] In addition to its primary application for air permeable artificial nails, the innovative adhesive technology disclosed herein also finds utility in the domain of artificial peel-and-stick body jewelry. This extension of the invention's application demonstrates the versatility and adaptability of the adhesive formulation, making it suitable for use on various parts of the body, including the face.

[0098] The removable and reusable adhesive technology can be employed to secure decorative body jewelry items temporarily to the skin. These items can range from decorative studs and gems to intricate designs that mimic traditional jewelry, offering a non-permanent, skin-safe, and aesthetic enhancement suitable for any occasion. The adhesive's unique formulation ensures that it is gentle on the skin, easy to apply and remove, and capable of multiple reapplications without loss of adherence quality.

[0099] This application allows users to experiment with body jewelry in various designs and locations, catering to individual preferences and styles without the commitment or risks associated with permanent piercings.

[0100] The adhesive is formulated to minimize the risk of skin irritation, ensuring a safe and comfortable experience even for users with sensitive skin.

[0101] Similar to the application process for air permeable artificial nails, the body jewelry is designed for easy application and removal by the user. This feature facilitates spontaneous changes in aesthetics and personal expression, allowing for versatility in appearance with minimal effort.

[0102] The adhesive's ability to maintain its tackiness after removal promotes the sustainable and economical use of the body jewelry, aligning with environmentally conscious consumption patterns.

[0103] Applying artificial peel-and-stick body jewelry is a simple process. It begins with selecting the desired piece of jewelry, then properly cleaning and drying the skin area where the jewelry will be applied. The next step involves removing any protective layer, otherwise known as a release liner, from the adhesive backing of the jewelry, followed by firmly pressing the jewelry onto the skin. Removal is just as straightforward, requiring only a gentle peel-off action that leaves no residue behind. This ease of removal not only maintains the skin's integrity but also preserves the adhesive's effectiveness for future reapplications, should the user wish to reuse the jewelry.

[0104] By extending the application of the removable and reusable adhesive technology to include artificial peel-and-stick body jewelry, this invention offers a comprehensive solution for users seeking to enhance their personal style through both nail and body decoration. This innovative approach to cosmetic enhancement showcases the broad potential of the adhesive technology, promising to revolutionize how individuals express themselves through artificial adornments.

Additional Configuration Considerations

[0105] Thus, specific embodiments of apparatus, systems, and methods for the artificial nails that utilize a new and improved removable and reusable adhesive formulation have been disclosed.

[0106] It should be apparent, however, to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein, including additional alternative structural and functional designs as disclosed from the principles herein. Thus, while embodiments and applications have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to the precise construction and components disclosed herein. Various modifications, changes, and variations, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art, may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the apparatus and methods disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure covers the modifications and variations of the embodiments disclosed above provided that the modifications and variations come within the scope of any claims and their equivalents.

[0107] The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. Throughout this specification, some embodiments have used the expressions comprises, comprising, includes, including, has, having, or any other variation thereof, all of which are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In addition, use of the a or an are employed to describe elements and components of the embodiments herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the invention. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise. Where the specification or claims refer to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, . . . and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.

[0108] As used herein any reference to any of one embodiment or an embodiment, one variant or a variant, and one implementation or an implementation means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment, variant or implementation is included in at least one embodiment, variant or implementation. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, variant or implementation.

[0109] It will be recognized that while certain aspects of the technology are described in terms of a specific sequence of steps of a method, these descriptions are only illustrative of the broader methods of the disclosure and may be modified as required by the particular application. Certain steps may be rendered unnecessary or optional under certain circumstances. Additionally, certain steps or functionality may be added to the disclosed implementations, or the order of performance of two or more steps permuted. All such variations are considered to be encompassed within the disclosure disclosed and claimed herein.

[0110] While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features of the disclosure as applied to various implementations, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the apparatus, article, method, or process illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the disclosure. The foregoing description is of the best mode presently contemplated of carrying out the principles of the disclosure. This description is in no way meant to be limiting, but rather should be taken as illustrative of the general principles of the technology. The scope of the disclosure should be determined with reference to the claims.