CONDENSED CYCLIC COMPOUND, ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS INCLUDING THE ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE

Abstract

Provided are a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1, an organic light-emitting device including the same, and an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.

##STR00001##

The detailed description of Formula 1 is the same as described in the present specification.

Claims

1. A condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1: ##STR03431## wherein, in Formula 1, X.sub.1 is B, N, P, or P(═O), Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 are each independently O, S, N, N(R.sub.3), or C(R.sub.4), wherein at least two of Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 are each independently O, S, N, or N(R.sub.3), the ring including Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are each independently N[(L.sub.11).sub.b11-(R.sub.5).sub.a5], O, S, Se, B(R.sub.6), or C(═O), Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are identical to or different from each other, A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are each independently a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, L.sub.11 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, b11 is 0, 1, or 2, R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9), a1, a2, and a5 are each independently an integer from 1 to 10, a substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17), —P(═O)(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), or any combination thereof; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27), —P(═O)(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), or any combination thereof; —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39); or any combination thereof, wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.9, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.19, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.29, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.39 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or any combination thereof, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or any combination thereof, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

2. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the ring including Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 is an imidazole group, an oxazole group, a thiazole group, a pyrazole group, an isoxazole group, an isothiazole group, a triazole group, an oxadiazole group, or a thiadiazole group.

3. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the ring including Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 is one of the groups represented by Formulae A3-1 to A3-27: ##STR03432## ##STR03433## ##STR03434## wherein, in Formulae A3-1 to A3-27, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each the same as described in connection with claim 1, * indicates a binding site to X.sub.1, and *′ indicates a binding site to Y.sub.1.

4. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 3, wherein R.sub.3 is a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof, R.sub.4 is hydrogen, deuterium, —F, or a cyano group; or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof; or a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof.

5. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 1, wherein X.sub.1 is B, and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are each independently N[(L.sub.11).sub.b11-(R.sub.5).sub.a5], O, S, Se, or C(═O), X.sub.1 is P or P(═O), and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are each independently N[(L.sub.11).sub.b11-(R.sub.5).sub.a5], or X.sub.1 is N, and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are each independently N[(L.sub.11).sub.b11-(R.sub.5).sub.a5], B(R.sub.6), or C(═O).

6. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 1, wherein A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are each independently a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a fluorene group, a carbazole group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a dibenzosilole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, an imidazole group, an oxazole group, a thiazole group, a pyrazole group, an isoxazole group, an isothiazole group, a triazole group, an oxadiazole, or a thiadiazole group.

7. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the condensed cyclic compound is represented by Formula 1A or 1B: ##STR03435## wherein, in Formulae 1A and 1B, Z.sub.11 is C(R.sub.11) or N, Z.sub.12 is C(R.sub.12) or N, Z.sub.13 is C(R.sub.13) or N, Z.sub.14 is C(R.sub.14) or N, Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 are each independently O, S, N, N(R.sub.11), or C(R.sub.12), wherein at least two of Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 are each independently O, S, N, or N(R.sub.11), the ring including Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are each the same as described in connection with R.sub.1 in claim 1, and X.sub.1, Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, A.sub.2, R.sub.2, and a2 are each the same as described in connection with claim 1.

8. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 7, wherein the ring including Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 in Formula 1-2 is a group represented by Formula A1-1 to A1-27: ##STR03436## ##STR03437## ##STR03438## wherein, in Formulae A1-1 to A1-27, R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 are each the same as described in claim 7, * indicates a binding site to X.sub.1, and *′ indicates a binding site to Y.sub.2.

9. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 1, wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 are each independently: hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, —N(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), or any combination thereof; a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an indazolyl group, a carbazolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a furanyl group, a thiophenyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, a silolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or a dibenzosilolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an indazolyl group, a carbazolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a furanyl group, a thiophenyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, a silolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, —N(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), or any combination thereof; or —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), wherein Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.34, and Q.sub.35 are each independently: a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group; a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

10. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of R.sub.1(s) in the number of a1 and R.sub.2(s) in the number of a2 is a group represented by Formula 2A or 2B: ##STR03439## wherein, in Formulae 2A and 2B, L.sub.1 to L.sub.3, Ar.sub.10 and Ar.sub.20 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, b1 to b3 are each independently 0, 1, or 2, c1 and c2 are each independently an integer from 1 to 5, Z.sub.10 and Z.sub.20 are each independently a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, or a carbazolyl group, d1 and d2 are each independently an integer from 0 to 4, n1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

11. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the condensed cyclic compound is represented by Formula 1A-1 or 1B-1: ##STR03440## wherein, in Formula 1A-1, Z.sub.11 is C(R.sub.11) or N, Z.sub.12 is C(R.sub.12) or N, Z.sub.13 is C(R.sub.13) or N, Z.sub.14 is C(R.sub.14) or N, Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 are each independently O, S, N, N(R.sub.11), or C(R.sub.12), wherein at least two of Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 are each independently O, S, N, or N(R.sub.11), the ring including Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are each the same as described in connection with R.sub.1 in claim 1, R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 are each the same as described in connection with R.sub.2 in claim 1, and X.sub.1, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, and Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 are each the same as described in claim 1.

12. The condensed cyclic compound of claim 1, wherein the condensed cyclic compound is one of Compounds 1 to 2363: ##STR03441## ##STR03442## ##STR03443## ##STR03444## ##STR03445## ##STR03446## ##STR03447## ##STR03448## ##STR03449## ##STR03450## ##STR03451## ##STR03452## ##STR03453## ##STR03454## ##STR03455## ##STR03456## ##STR03457## ##STR03458## ##STR03459## ##STR03460## ##STR03461## ##STR03462## ##STR03463## ##STR03464## ##STR03465## ##STR03466## ##STR03467## ##STR03468## ##STR03469## ##STR03470## ##STR03471## ##STR03472## ##STR03473## ##STR03474## ##STR03475## ##STR03476## ##STR03477## ##STR03478## ##STR03479## ##STR03480## ##STR03481## ##STR03482## ##STR03483## ##STR03484## ##STR03485## ##STR03486## ##STR03487## ##STR03488## ##STR03489## ##STR03490## ##STR03491## ##STR03492## ##STR03493## ##STR03494## ##STR03495## ##STR03496## ##STR03497## ##STR03498## ##STR03499## ##STR03500## ##STR03501## ##STR03502## ##STR03503## ##STR03504## ##STR03505## ##STR03506## ##STR03507## ##STR03508## ##STR03509## ##STR03510## ##STR03511## ##STR03512## ##STR03513## ##STR03514## ##STR03515## ##STR03516## ##STR03517## ##STR03518## ##STR03519## ##STR03520## ##STR03521## ##STR03522## ##STR03523## ##STR03524## ##STR03525## ##STR03526## ##STR03527## ##STR03528## ##STR03529## ##STR03530## ##STR03531## ##STR03532## ##STR03533## ##STR03534## ##STR03535## ##STR03536## ##STR03537## ##STR03538## ##STR03539## ##STR03540## ##STR03541## ##STR03542## ##STR03543## ##STR03544## ##STR03545## ##STR03546## ##STR03547## ##STR03548## ##STR03549## ##STR03550## ##STR03551## ##STR03552## ##STR03553## ##STR03554## ##STR03555## ##STR03556## ##STR03557## ##STR03558## ##STR03559## ##STR03560## ##STR03561## ##STR03562## ##STR03563## ##STR03564## ##STR03565## ##STR03566## ##STR03567## ##STR03568## ##STR03569## ##STR03570## ##STR03571## ##STR03572## ##STR03573## ##STR03574## ##STR03575## ##STR03576## ##STR03577## ##STR03578## ##STR03579## ##STR03580## ##STR03581## ##STR03582## ##STR03583## ##STR03584## ##STR03585## ##STR03586## ##STR03587## ##STR03588## ##STR03589## ##STR03590## ##STR03591## ##STR03592## ##STR03593## ##STR03594## ##STR03595## ##STR03596## ##STR03597## ##STR03598## ##STR03599## ##STR03600## ##STR03601## ##STR03602## ##STR03603## ##STR03604## ##STR03605## ##STR03606## ##STR03607## ##STR03608## ##STR03609## ##STR03610## ##STR03611## ##STR03612## ##STR03613## ##STR03614## ##STR03615## ##STR03616## ##STR03617## ##STR03618## ##STR03619## ##STR03620## ##STR03621## ##STR03622## ##STR03623## ##STR03624## ##STR03625## ##STR03626## ##STR03627## ##STR03628## ##STR03629## ##STR03630## ##STR03631## ##STR03632## ##STR03633## ##STR03634## ##STR03635## ##STR03636## ##STR03637## ##STR03638## ##STR03639## ##STR03640## ##STR03641## ##STR03642## ##STR03643## ##STR03644## ##STR03645## ##STR03646## ##STR03647## ##STR03648## ##STR03649## ##STR03650## ##STR03651## ##STR03652## ##STR03653## ##STR03654## ##STR03655## ##STR03656## ##STR03657## ##STR03658## ##STR03659## ##STR03660## ##STR03661## ##STR03662## ##STR03663## ##STR03664## ##STR03665## ##STR03666## ##STR03667## ##STR03668## ##STR03669## ##STR03670## ##STR03671## ##STR03672## ##STR03673## ##STR03674## ##STR03675## ##STR03676## ##STR03677## ##STR03678## ##STR03679## ##STR03680## ##STR03681## ##STR03682## ##STR03683## ##STR03684## ##STR03685## ##STR03686## ##STR03687## ##STR03688## ##STR03689## ##STR03690## ##STR03691## ##STR03692## ##STR03693## ##STR03694## ##STR03695## ##STR03696## ##STR03697## ##STR03698## ##STR03699## ##STR03700## ##STR03701## ##STR03702## ##STR03703## ##STR03704## ##STR03705## ##STR03706## ##STR03707## ##STR03708## ##STR03709## ##STR03710## ##STR03711## ##STR03712## ##STR03713## ##STR03714## ##STR03715## ##STR03716## ##STR03717## ##STR03718## ##STR03719## ##STR03720## ##STR03721## ##STR03722## ##STR03723## ##STR03724## ##STR03725## ##STR03726## ##STR03727## ##STR03728## ##STR03729## ##STR03730## ##STR03731## ##STR03732## ##STR03733## ##STR03734## ##STR03735## ##STR03736## ##STR03737## ##STR03738## ##STR03739## ##STR03740## ##STR03741## ##STR03742## ##STR03743## ##STR03744## ##STR03745## ##STR03746## ##STR03747## ##STR03748## ##STR03749## ##STR03750## ##STR03751## ##STR03752## ##STR03753## ##STR03754## ##STR03755## ##STR03756## ##STR03757## ##STR03758## ##STR03759## ##STR03760## ##STR03761## ##STR03762## ##STR03763## ##STR03764## ##STR03765## ##STR03766## ##STR03767## ##STR03768## ##STR03769## ##STR03770## ##STR03771## ##STR03772## ##STR03773## ##STR03774## ##STR03775## ##STR03776## ##STR03777## ##STR03778## ##STR03779## ##STR03780## ##STR03781## ##STR03782## ##STR03783## ##STR03784## ##STR03785## ##STR03786## ##STR03787## ##STR03788## ##STR03789## ##STR03790## ##STR03791## ##STR03792## ##STR03793## ##STR03794## ##STR03795## ##STR03796## ##STR03797## ##STR03798## ##STR03799## ##STR03800## ##STR03801## ##STR03802## ##STR03803## ##STR03804## ##STR03805## ##STR03806## ##STR03807## ##STR03808## ##STR03809## ##STR03810## ##STR03811## ##STR03812## ##STR03813## ##STR03814## ##STR03815## ##STR03816## ##STR03817## ##STR03818## ##STR03819## ##STR03820## ##STR03821## ##STR03822## ##STR03823## ##STR03824## ##STR03825## ##STR03826## ##STR03827## ##STR03828## ##STR03829## ##STR03830## ##STR03831## ##STR03832## ##STR03833## ##STR03834## ##STR03835## ##STR03836## ##STR03837## ##STR03838## ##STR03839## ##STR03840## ##STR03841## ##STR03842## ##STR03843## ##STR03844## ##STR03845## ##STR03846## ##STR03847## ##STR03848## ##STR03849## ##STR03850## ##STR03851## ##STR03852## ##STR03853## ##STR03854## ##STR03855## ##STR03856## ##STR03857## ##STR03858## ##STR03859## ##STR03860## ##STR03861## ##STR03862## ##STR03863## ##STR03864## ##STR03865## ##STR03866## ##STR03867## ##STR03868## ##STR03869## ##STR03870## ##STR03871## ##STR03872## ##STR03873## ##STR03874## ##STR03875## ##STR03876## ##STR03877## ##STR03878## ##STR03879## ##STR03880## ##STR03881## ##STR03882## ##STR03883## ##STR03884## ##STR03885## ##STR03886## ##STR03887## ##STR03888## ##STR03889## ##STR03890## ##STR03891## ##STR03892## ##STR03893## ##STR03894## ##STR03895## ##STR03896## ##STR03897## ##STR03898## ##STR03899## ##STR03900## ##STR03901## ##STR03902## ##STR03903## ##STR03904## ##STR03905## ##STR03906## ##STR03907## ##STR03908## ##STR03909## ##STR03910## ##STR03911## ##STR03912## ##STR03913## ##STR03914## ##STR03915## ##STR03916## ##STR03917## ##STR03918## ##STR03919## ##STR03920## ##STR03921## ##STR03922## ##STR03923## ##STR03924## ##STR03925## ##STR03926## ##STR03927## ##STR03928## ##STR03929## ##STR03930## ##STR03931## ##STR03932## ##STR03933## ##STR03934## ##STR03935## ##STR03936## ##STR03937## ##STR03938## ##STR03939## ##STR03940## ##STR03941## ##STR03942## ##STR03943## ##STR03944## ##STR03945## ##STR03946## ##STR03947## ##STR03948## ##STR03949## ##STR03950## ##STR03951## ##STR03952## ##STR03953## ##STR03954## ##STR03955## ##STR03956## ##STR03957## ##STR03958## ##STR03959## ##STR03960## ##STR03961## ##STR03962## ##STR03963## ##STR03964## ##STR03965## ##STR03966## ##STR03967## ##STR03968## ##STR03969## ##STR03970## ##STR03971## ##STR03972## ##STR03973## ##STR03974## ##STR03975## ##STR03976## ##STR03977## ##STR03978## ##STR03979## ##STR03980## ##STR03981## ##STR03982## ##STR03983## ##STR03984## ##STR03985## ##STR03986## ##STR03987## ##STR03988## ##STR03989## ##STR03990## ##STR03991## ##STR03992## ##STR03993## ##STR03994## ##STR03995## ##STR03996## ##STR03997## ##STR03998## ##STR03999## ##STR04000## ##STR04001## ##STR04002## ##STR04003## ##STR04004## ##STR04005## ##STR04006## ##STR04007## ##STR04008## ##STR04009## ##STR04010## ##STR04011## ##STR04012## ##STR04013## ##STR04014## ##STR04015## ##STR04016## ##STR04017## ##STR04018## ##STR04019## ##STR04020## ##STR04021## ##STR04022## ##STR04023## ##STR04024## ##STR04025## ##STR04026## ##STR04027## ##STR04028## ##STR04029## ##STR04030## ##STR04031## ##STR04032## ##STR04033## ##STR04034## ##STR04035## ##STR04036## ##STR04037## ##STR04038## ##STR04039## ##STR04040## ##STR04041## ##STR04042## ##STR04043## ##STR04044## ##STR04045## ##STR04046## ##STR04047## ##STR04048## ##STR04049## ##STR04050## ##STR04051## ##STR04052## ##STR04053## ##STR04054## ##STR04055## ##STR04056## ##STR04057## ##STR04058## ##STR04059## ##STR04060## ##STR04061## ##STR04062## ##STR04063## ##STR04064## ##STR04065## ##STR04066## ##STR04067## ##STR04068## ##STR04069## ##STR04070## ##STR04071## ##STR04072## ##STR04073## ##STR04074## ##STR04075## ##STR04076## ##STR04077## ##STR04078## ##STR04079## ##STR04080## ##STR04081## ##STR04082## ##STR04083## ##STR04084## ##STR04085## ##STR04086## ##STR04087## ##STR04088## ##STR04089## ##STR04090## ##STR04091## ##STR04092## ##STR04093## ##STR04094## ##STR04095## ##STR04096## ##STR04097## ##STR04098## ##STR04099## ##STR04100## ##STR04101## ##STR04102## ##STR04103## ##STR04104## ##STR04105## ##STR04106## ##STR04107## ##STR04108## ##STR04109## ##STR04110## ##STR04111## ##STR04112## ##STR04113## ##STR04114## ##STR04115## ##STR04116## ##STR04117## ##STR04118## ##STR04119## ##STR04120## ##STR04121## ##STR04122## ##STR04123## ##STR04124## ##STR04125## ##STR04126## ##STR04127## ##STR04128## ##STR04129## ##STR04130## ##STR04131## ##STR04132## ##STR04133## ##STR04134## ##STR04135## ##STR04136## ##STR04137## ##STR04138## ##STR04139## ##STR04140## ##STR04141## ##STR04142## ##STR04143## ##STR04144## ##STR04145## ##STR04146## ##STR04147## ##STR04148## ##STR04149## ##STR04150## ##STR04151## ##STR04152## ##STR04153## ##STR04154## ##STR04155## ##STR04156## ##STR04157## ##STR04158## ##STR04159## ##STR04160## ##STR04161## ##STR04162## ##STR04163## ##STR04164## ##STR04165## ##STR04166## ##STR04167## ##STR04168## ##STR04169## ##STR04170## ##STR04171## ##STR04172## ##STR04173## ##STR04174## ##STR04175## ##STR04176## ##STR04177## ##STR04178##

13. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer comprises at least one of the condensed cyclic compound.

14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 13, wherein the at least one of the condensed cyclic compound is included in the emission layer.

15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 13, wherein the emission layer comprises a host and a dopant, and the dopant comprises at least one of the condensed cyclic compound.

16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein delayed fluorescence is emitted from the emission layer.

17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 15, wherein blue light is emitted from the emission layer.

18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 13, wherein the emission layer comprises a host, an emitter, and a sensitizer, wherein the host, the emitter, and the sensitizer are different from each other, and the at least one condensed cyclic compound is included in the emitter.

19. The organic light-emitting device of claim 18, wherein the sensitizer and the condensed cyclic compound further satisfy Condition 5:
0 μs<T.sub.decay(HC)<5 μs  Condition 5 wherein, in Condition 5, T.sub.decay(HC) indicates a decay time of the condensed cyclic compound.

20. An electronic apparatus comprising the organic light-emitting device of claim 13.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device according to an exemplary embodiment; and

[0029] FIGS. 2A to 2E show diagrams schematically illustrating an energy transfer process according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

[0031] It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present

[0032] It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” “third” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section. Thus, “a first element,” “component,” “region,” “layer” or “section” discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings herein.

[0033] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, “a,” “an,” “the,” and “at least one” do not denote a limitation of quantity, and are intended to cover both the singular and plural, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, “an element” has the same meaning as “at least one element,” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0034] “Or” means “and/or.” As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

[0035] Furthermore, relative terms, such as “lower” or “bottom” and “upper” or “top,” may be used herein to describe one element's relationship to another element as illustrated in the Figures. It will be understood that relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures. For example, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as being on the “lower” side of other elements would then be oriented on “upper” sides of the other elements. The exemplary term “lower,” can therefore, encompasses both an orientation of “lower” and “upper,” depending on the particular orientation of the figure. Similarly, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements would then be oriented “above” the other elements. The exemplary terms “below” or “beneath” can, therefore, encompass both an orientation of above and below.

[0036] “About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10% or 5% of the stated value.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

[0038] Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.

[0039] An aspect of the present disclosure provides a condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1:

##STR00003##

[0040] X.sub.1 in Formula 1 may be B, N, P, or P(═O).

[0041] Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 in Formula 1 may each independently be O, S, N, N(R.sub.3), or C(R.sub.4), and at least two of Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 may be O, S, N, or N(R.sub.3).

[0042] A ring including Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 may be a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring.

[0043] In an embodiment, the ring including Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 may be an imidazole group, an oxazole group, a thiazole group, a pyrazole group, an isoxazole group, an isothiazole group, a triazole group, an oxadiazole group, or a thiadiazole group.

[0044] In an embodiment, the ring including Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 may be one of the groups represented by Formulae A3-1 to A3-27:

##STR00004## ##STR00005##

[0045] wherein, in Formulae A3-1 to A3-27,

[0046] R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each the same as described in the present specification,

[0047] * indicates a binding site to X.sub.1,

[0048] *′ indicates a binding site to Y.sub.1.

[0049] For example, R.sub.3 in Formulae A3-1 to A3-17 may be a cyclopentyl, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof,

[0050] R.sub.4 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, or a cyano group;

[0051] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof; or

[0052] a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0053] Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 in Formula 1 may each independently be N[(L.sub.11).sub.b11-(R.sub.5).sub.a5], O, S, Se, B(R.sub.6), or C(═O), and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may be identical to or different from each other.

[0054] In an embodiment, X.sub.1 may be B, and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may each independently be N[(L.sub.11).sub.b11-(R.sub.5).sub.a5], O, S, Se, or C(═O). In an embodiment, X.sub.1 may be P or P(═O), and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may each independently be N[(L.sub.11).sub.b11-(R.sub.5).sub.a5]. In an embodiment, X.sub.1 may be N, and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may each independently be N[(L.sub.11).sub.b11-(R.sub.5).sub.a5], B(R.sub.6) or C(═O).

[0055] A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 in Formula 1 may each independently be a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group.

[0056] In an embodiment, A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 in Formula 1 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a fluorene group, a carbazole group, a benzofuran group, a dibenzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a dibenzosilole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, an imidazole group, an oxazole group, a thiazole group, a pyrazole group, an isoxazole group, an isothiazole group, a triazole group, an oxadiazole, or a thiadiazole group.

[0057] For example, A.sub.1 in Formula 1 may be a benzene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, an imidazole group, an oxazole group, a thiazole group, a pyrazole group, an isoxazole group, an isothiazole group, a triazole group, an oxadiazole, or a thiadiazole group, and A.sub.2 may be a benzene group.

[0058] L.sub.11 in Formula 1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group.

[0059] In an embodiment, L.sub.11 in Formula 1 may be a phenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, a acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, or a chrysenylene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0060] For example, L.sub.11 may be of Formulae 3-1 or 3-32, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00006## ##STR00007## ##STR00008##

[0061] wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-32,

[0062] Z.sub.31 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group,

[0063] e4 may be an integer from 1 to 4,

[0064] e6 may be an integer from 1 to 6,

[0065] e8 may be an integer from 1 to 8, and

[0066] * and *′ each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0067] b11 in Formula 1 may be 0, 1, or 2.

[0068] In an embodiment, the condensed cyclic compound may be represented by Formula 1A or 1B:

##STR00009##

[0069] wherein, in Formulae 1A and 1B,

[0070] Z.sub.11 may be C(R.sub.11) or N, Z.sub.12 may be C(R.sub.12) or N, Z.sub.13 may be C(R.sub.13) or N, Z.sub.14 may be C(R.sub.14) or N,

[0071] Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 may each independently be O, S, N, N(R.sub.11), or C(R.sub.12), wherein at least two of Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 may each independently be O, S, N, or N(R.sub.11),

[0072] a ring including Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 may be a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring,

[0073] R.sub.11 to R.sub.14 are each the same as described in connection with R.sub.1, and

[0074] X.sub.1, Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, A.sub.2, R.sub.2, and a2 are each the same as described in the present specification.

[0075] In an embodiment, the ring including Z.sub.4 to Z.sub.6 in Formula 1B may be one of the groups represented by Formulae A1-1 to A1-27:

##STR00010## ##STR00011##

[0076] wherein, in Formulae A1-1 to A1-27,

[0077] R.sub.11 and R.sub.12 are the same as described in connection with R.sub.1,

[0078] * indicates a binding site to X.sub.1, and

[0079] *′ indicates a binding site to Y.sub.2.

[0080] R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 in Formula 1 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9).

[0081] In an embodiment, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0082] In an embodiment, R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 may each independently be:

[0083] hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof;

[0084] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, —N(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), or any combination thereof.

[0085] a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an indazolyl group, a carbazolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a furanyl group, a thiophenyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, a silolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or a dibenzosilolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an indazolyl group, a carbazolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a furanyl group, a thiophenyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, a silolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzosilolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, —N(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), or any combination thereof; or

[0086] —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2),

[0087] wherein Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.34, and Q.sub.35 may each independently be: a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group; a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0088] In an embodiment, R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 may each independently be:

[0089] hydrogen, deuterium, —F, or a cyano group;

[0090] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof;

[0091] a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof; or

[0092] —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2),

[0093] wherein Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 may each independently be: a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group; a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0094] In an embodiment, R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 in Formula 1 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-19, or a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-215:

##STR00012## ##STR00013## ##STR00014## ##STR00015## ##STR00016## ##STR00017## ##STR00018## ##STR00019## ##STR00020## ##STR00021## ##STR00022## ##STR00023## ##STR00024## ##STR00025## ##STR00026## ##STR00027## ##STR00028## ##STR00029## ##STR00030## ##STR00031## ##STR00032## ##STR00033## ##STR00034## ##STR00035## ##STR00036##

wherein, in Formulae 9-1 to 9-19 and 10-1 to 10-215, * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom, “Ph” represents a phenyl group “TMS” represents a trimethylsilyl group, and Cz represents a carbazolyl group.

[0095] a1, a2, and a5 in Formula 1 may each independently be an integer of 1 to 10. When a1 is an integer of 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.1(s) may be identical to or different from each other; when a2 is an integer of 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.2(s) may be identical to or different from each other; and when a5 is an integer of 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.5(s) may be identical to or different from each other.

[0096] In an embodiment, in Formula 1, at least one of R.sub.1(s) in the number of a1 and R.sub.2(s) in the number of a2 may be an electron donating group connected via (L.sub.1).sub.b1, L.sub.1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, and b1 may be 0, 1, or 2.

[0097] For example, at least one of R.sub.1(s) in the number of a1 and R.sub.2(s) in the number of a2 in Formula 1 may be a group represented by Formula 2A or 2B:

##STR00037##

[0098] wherein, in Formulae 2A and 2B,

[0099] L.sub.1 to L.sub.3, Ar.sub.10 and Ar.sub.20 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group,

[0100] b1 to b3 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

[0101] c1 and c2 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5,

[0102] Z.sub.10 and Z.sub.20 may each independently be a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, or a carbazolyl group,

[0103] d1 and d2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4,

[0104] n1 may be an integer from 1 to 3, and

[0105] * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0106] In an embodiment, L.sub.1 to L.sub.3 in Formulae 2A and 2B may each independently be a phenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, or a chrysenylene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylenyl, or any combination thereof.

[0107] For example, L.sub.1 to L.sub.3 may each independently be Formulae 3-1 to 3-32, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00038## ##STR00039## ##STR00040##

[0108] wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-32,

[0109] Z.sub.31 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.0 heteroaryl group,

[0110] e4 may be an integer from 1 to 4,

[0111] e6 may be an integer from 1 to 6,

[0112] e8 may be an integer from 1 to 8, and

[0113] * and *′ each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0114] In an embodiment, b1 to b3 in Formulae 2A and 2B may each independently be 0 or 1.

[0115] In an embodiment, Ar.sub.10 and Ar.sub.20 may each independently be a cyclopentyl, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0116] In an embodiment, one or two of R.sub.1(s) in the number of a1 and R.sub.2(s) in the number of a2 may be a group represented by Formula 2A or 2B, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0117] A substituent of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:

[0118] deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, or a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,

[0119] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17), —P(═O)(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), or any combination thereof;

[0120] a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27), —P(═O)(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), or any combination thereof;

[0121] —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39); or

[0122] any combination thereof,

[0123] wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.9, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.19, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.29, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.39 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or any combination thereof, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or any combination thereof, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0124] In an embodiment, the condensed cyclic compound may be represented by Formula 1A-1 or 1B-1:

##STR00041##

[0125] In regard to Formulae 1A-1 and 1B-1, X.sub.1, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, Z.sub.11 to Z.sub.14, and Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.6 are each the same as described in the present specification, and R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 are each the same as described in connection with R.sub.2.

[0126] In an embodiment, at least one of R.sub.13 and R.sub.22 in Formula 1A-1 or R.sub.22 in Formula 1B-1 may be a group represented by Formula 2A or 2B. For example, R.sub.13 or R.sub.22 in Formula 1A-1 may be a group represented by Formula 2A or 2B. In an embodiment, R.sub.13 and R.sub.22 in Formula 1A-1 may each be a group represented by Formula 2A or 2B.

[0127] For example, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be one of Compounds 1 to 2363, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00042## ##STR00043## ##STR00044## ##STR00045## ##STR00046## ##STR00047## ##STR00048## ##STR00049## ##STR00050## ##STR00051## ##STR00052## ##STR00053## ##STR00054## ##STR00055## ##STR00056## ##STR00057## ##STR00058## ##STR00059## ##STR00060## ##STR00061## ##STR00062## ##STR00063## ##STR00064## ##STR00065## ##STR00066## ##STR00067## ##STR00068## ##STR00069## ##STR00070## ##STR00071## ##STR00072## ##STR00073## ##STR00074## ##STR00075## ##STR00076## ##STR00077## ##STR00078## ##STR00079## ##STR00080## ##STR00081## ##STR00082## ##STR00083## ##STR00084## ##STR00085## ##STR00086## ##STR00087## ##STR00088## ##STR00089## ##STR00090## ##STR00091## ##STR00092## ##STR00093## ##STR00094## ##STR00095## ##STR00096## ##STR00097## ##STR00098## ##STR00099## ##STR00100## ##STR00101## ##STR00102## ##STR00103## ##STR00104## ##STR00105## ##STR00106## ##STR00107## ##STR00108## ##STR00109## ##STR00110## ##STR00111## ##STR00112## ##STR00113## ##STR00114## ##STR00115## ##STR00116## ##STR00117## ##STR00118## ##STR00119## ##STR00120## ##STR00121## ##STR00122## ##STR00123## ##STR00124## ##STR00125##

##STR00126## ##STR00127## ##STR00128## ##STR00129## ##STR00130## ##STR00131## ##STR00132## ##STR00133## ##STR00134## ##STR00135## ##STR00136## ##STR00137## ##STR00138## ##STR00139## ##STR00140## ##STR00141## ##STR00142## ##STR00143## ##STR00144## ##STR00145## ##STR00146## ##STR00147## ##STR00148## ##STR00149## ##STR00150## ##STR00151## ##STR00152## ##STR00153## ##STR00154## ##STR00155## ##STR00156## ##STR00157## ##STR00158## ##STR00159## ##STR00160## ##STR00161## ##STR00162## ##STR00163## ##STR00164## ##STR00165## ##STR00166## ##STR00167## ##STR00168## ##STR00169## ##STR00170## ##STR00171## ##STR00172## ##STR00173## ##STR00174## ##STR00175## ##STR00176## ##STR00177## ##STR00178## ##STR00179## ##STR00180## ##STR00181## ##STR00182## ##STR00183## ##STR00184## ##STR00185## ##STR00186## ##STR00187## ##STR00188## ##STR00189## ##STR00190## ##STR00191## ##STR00192## ##STR00193## ##STR00194## ##STR00195## ##STR00196## ##STR00197## ##STR00198## ##STR00199## ##STR00200## ##STR00201## ##STR00202## ##STR00203## ##STR00204## ##STR00205## ##STR00206## ##STR00207## ##STR00208## ##STR00209## ##STR00210## ##STR00211## ##STR00212## ##STR00213## ##STR00214## ##STR00215## ##STR00216## ##STR00217## ##STR00218## ##STR00219## ##STR00220## ##STR00221## ##STR00222## ##STR00223## ##STR00224## ##STR00225## ##STR00226## ##STR00227## ##STR00228## ##STR00229## ##STR00230## ##STR00231## ##STR00232## ##STR00233## ##STR00234## ##STR00235## ##STR00236##

##STR00237## ##STR00238## ##STR00239## ##STR00240## ##STR00241## ##STR00242## ##STR00243## ##STR00244## ##STR00245## ##STR00246## ##STR00247## ##STR00248## ##STR00249## ##STR00250## ##STR00251## ##STR00252## ##STR00253## ##STR00254## ##STR00255## ##STR00256## ##STR00257## ##STR00258## ##STR00259## ##STR00260## ##STR00261## ##STR00262## ##STR00263## ##STR00264## ##STR00265## ##STR00266## ##STR00267## ##STR00268## ##STR00269## ##STR00270## ##STR00271## ##STR00272## ##STR00273## ##STR00274## ##STR00275## ##STR00276## ##STR00277## ##STR00278## ##STR00279## ##STR00280## ##STR00281## ##STR00282## ##STR00283## ##STR00284## ##STR00285## ##STR00286## ##STR00287## ##STR00288## ##STR00289## ##STR00290## ##STR00291## ##STR00292## ##STR00293## ##STR00294## ##STR00295## ##STR00296## ##STR00297## ##STR00298## ##STR00299## ##STR00300## ##STR00301## ##STR00302## ##STR00303## ##STR00304## ##STR00305## ##STR00306## ##STR00307## ##STR00308## ##STR00309## ##STR00310## ##STR00311## ##STR00312## ##STR00313## ##STR00314## ##STR00315## ##STR00316## ##STR00317## ##STR00318## ##STR00319## ##STR00320## ##STR00321## ##STR00322## ##STR00323## ##STR00324## ##STR00325## ##STR00326## ##STR00327##

##STR00328## ##STR00329## ##STR00330## ##STR00331## ##STR00332## ##STR00333## ##STR00334## ##STR00335## ##STR00336## ##STR00337## ##STR00338## ##STR00339## ##STR00340## ##STR00341## ##STR00342## ##STR00343## ##STR00344## ##STR00345## ##STR00346## ##STR00347## ##STR00348## ##STR00349## ##STR00350## ##STR00351## ##STR00352## ##STR00353## ##STR00354## ##STR00355## ##STR00356## ##STR00357## ##STR00358## ##STR00359## ##STR00360## ##STR00361## ##STR00362## ##STR00363## ##STR00364## ##STR00365## ##STR00366## ##STR00367## ##STR00368## ##STR00369## ##STR00370## ##STR00371## ##STR00372## ##STR00373## ##STR00374## ##STR00375## ##STR00376## ##STR00377## ##STR00378## ##STR00379## ##STR00380## ##STR00381## ##STR00382## ##STR00383## ##STR00384## ##STR00385## ##STR00386## ##STR00387## ##STR00388## ##STR00389## ##STR00390## ##STR00391## ##STR00392## ##STR00393## ##STR00394## ##STR00395## ##STR00396## ##STR00397## ##STR00398## ##STR00399## ##STR00400## ##STR00401## ##STR00402## ##STR00403## ##STR00404## ##STR00405## ##STR00406## ##STR00407## ##STR00408## ##STR00409## ##STR00410## ##STR00411## ##STR00412## ##STR00413## ##STR00414## ##STR00415## ##STR00416## ##STR00417## ##STR00418## ##STR00419## ##STR00420## ##STR00421## ##STR00422## ##STR00423## ##STR00424## ##STR00425## ##STR00426## ##STR00427## ##STR00428## ##STR00429## ##STR00430## ##STR00431## ##STR00432## ##STR00433## ##STR00434## ##STR00435## ##STR00436## ##STR00437## ##STR00438## ##STR00439## ##STR00440## ##STR00441## ##STR00442## ##STR00443## ##STR00444## ##STR00445## ##STR00446## ##STR00447## ##STR00448## ##STR00449## ##STR00450## ##STR00451## ##STR00452## ##STR00453## ##STR00454## ##STR00455## ##STR00456## ##STR00457##

##STR00458## ##STR00459## ##STR00460## ##STR00461## ##STR00462## ##STR00463## ##STR00464## ##STR00465## ##STR00466## ##STR00467## ##STR00468## ##STR00469## ##STR00470## ##STR00471## ##STR00472## ##STR00473## ##STR00474## ##STR00475## ##STR00476## ##STR00477## ##STR00478## ##STR00479## ##STR00480## ##STR00481## ##STR00482## ##STR00483## ##STR00484## ##STR00485## ##STR00486## ##STR00487## ##STR00488## ##STR00489## ##STR00490## ##STR00491## ##STR00492## ##STR00493## ##STR00494## ##STR00495## ##STR00496## ##STR00497## ##STR00498## ##STR00499## ##STR00500## ##STR00501## ##STR00502## ##STR00503## ##STR00504## ##STR00505## ##STR00506## ##STR00507## ##STR00508## ##STR00509## ##STR00510## ##STR00511## ##STR00512## ##STR00513## ##STR00514## ##STR00515## ##STR00516## ##STR00517## ##STR00518## ##STR00519## ##STR00520## ##STR00521## ##STR00522## ##STR00523## ##STR00524## ##STR00525## ##STR00526## ##STR00527## ##STR00528## ##STR00529## ##STR00530## ##STR00531## ##STR00532## ##STR00533## ##STR00534## ##STR00535## ##STR00536## ##STR00537## ##STR00538## ##STR00539## ##STR00540## ##STR00541## ##STR00542## ##STR00543## ##STR00544## ##STR00545## ##STR00546## ##STR00547##

##STR00548## ##STR00549## ##STR00550## ##STR00551## ##STR00552## ##STR00553## ##STR00554## ##STR00555## ##STR00556## ##STR00557## ##STR00558## ##STR00559## ##STR00560## ##STR00561## ##STR00562## ##STR00563## ##STR00564## ##STR00565## ##STR00566## ##STR00567## ##STR00568## ##STR00569## ##STR00570## ##STR00571## ##STR00572## ##STR00573## ##STR00574## ##STR00575## ##STR00576## ##STR00577## ##STR00578## ##STR00579## ##STR00580## ##STR00581## ##STR00582## ##STR00583## ##STR00584## ##STR00585## ##STR00586## ##STR00587## ##STR00588## ##STR00589## ##STR00590## ##STR00591## ##STR00592## ##STR00593## ##STR00594## ##STR00595## ##STR00596## ##STR00597## ##STR00598## ##STR00599## ##STR00600## ##STR00601## ##STR00602## ##STR00603## ##STR00604## ##STR00605## ##STR00606## ##STR00607## ##STR00608## ##STR00609## ##STR00610## ##STR00611## ##STR00612## ##STR00613## ##STR00614## ##STR00615## ##STR00616## ##STR00617## ##STR00618## ##STR00619## ##STR00620## ##STR00621## ##STR00622## ##STR00623## ##STR00624## ##STR00625## ##STR00626## ##STR00627## ##STR00628## ##STR00629## ##STR00630## ##STR00631## ##STR00632## ##STR00633## ##STR00634##

##STR00635## ##STR00636## ##STR00637## ##STR00638## ##STR00639## ##STR00640## ##STR00641## ##STR00642## ##STR00643## ##STR00644## ##STR00645## ##STR00646## ##STR00647## ##STR00648## ##STR00649## ##STR00650## ##STR00651## ##STR00652## ##STR00653## ##STR00654## ##STR00655## ##STR00656## ##STR00657## ##STR00658## ##STR00659## ##STR00660## ##STR00661## ##STR00662## ##STR00663## ##STR00664## ##STR00665## ##STR00666## ##STR00667## ##STR00668## ##STR00669## ##STR00670## ##STR00671## ##STR00672## ##STR00673## ##STR00674## ##STR00675## ##STR00676## ##STR00677## ##STR00678## ##STR00679## ##STR00680## ##STR00681## ##STR00682## ##STR00683## ##STR00684## ##STR00685## ##STR00686## ##STR00687## ##STR00688## ##STR00689## ##STR00690## ##STR00691## ##STR00692## ##STR00693## ##STR00694## ##STR00695## ##STR00696## ##STR00697## ##STR00698## ##STR00699## ##STR00700## ##STR00701## ##STR00702## ##STR00703## ##STR00704## ##STR00705## ##STR00706## ##STR00707## ##STR00708## ##STR00709## ##STR00710## ##STR00711## ##STR00712## ##STR00713## ##STR00714## ##STR00715## ##STR00716## ##STR00717## ##STR00718## ##STR00719## ##STR00720## ##STR00721## ##STR00722## ##STR00723## ##STR00724## ##STR00725##

##STR00726## ##STR00727## ##STR00728## ##STR00729## ##STR00730## ##STR00731## ##STR00732## ##STR00733## ##STR00734## ##STR00735## ##STR00736## ##STR00737## ##STR00738## ##STR00739## ##STR00740## ##STR00741## ##STR00742## ##STR00743## ##STR00744## ##STR00745## ##STR00746## ##STR00747## ##STR00748## ##STR00749## ##STR00750## ##STR00751## ##STR00752##

[0128] The condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 includes a condensed polycyclic ring structure in which a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring including Z.sub.1 to Z.sub.3 is condensed. The 5-membered heteroaromatic ring includes two or more hetero atoms, so that the singlet (S.sub.1) energy level is increased and thus short-wavelength light can be emitted. In addition, the oscillator strength of the condensed cyclic compound is increased, so that energy transfer is effectively performed in the emission layer, and thus, luminescence efficiency can be increased.

[0129] In an embodiment, the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one of the groups represented by Formula 2A or 2B as a substituent. As a result, an increase in the singlet energy level of the condensed cyclic compound is induced, and thus, the emission wavelength may be blue-shifted to a shorter wavelength.

[0130] The condensed cyclic compound may emit delayed fluorescence with high efficiency. For example, the condensed cyclic compound may emit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).

[0131] In the condensed cyclic compound, up-conversion of energy from a triplet state to a singlet state may be effectively performed, and thus, high efficiency delayed fluorescence can be emitted.

[0132] The triplet energy level and the singlet energy level of the condensed cyclic compound may be evaluated using the structure-optimized DFT method (for example, the DFT method of the Gaussian program) at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level.

[0133] The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and T.sub.1 and S.sub.1 energy levels of some of the condensed cyclic compounds represented by Formula 1 and comparative compounds were measured using the DFT method of the Gaussian program (structure optimization at the B3LYP, 6-31 G(d,p) level). Results thereof are shown in Table 1. S.sub.1 in Table 1 is the energy value calculated when a compound molecule is excited from the ground state to the singlet (S.sub.1) state. T.sub.1 in Table 1 is the energy value calculated when a compound molecule is excited from the ground state to the triplet (T.sub.1) state.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Compound HOMO LUMO S.sub.1 T.sub.1 Oscillator No. (eV) (eV) (eV) (eV) strength 37 −4.864 −1.368 3.078 2.582 0.718 948 −4.866 −1.339 3.075 2.564 0.484 956 −4.995 −1.457 3.088 2.572 0.614 1411 −4.905 −1.184 3.299 2.825 0.439 1417 −5.068 −1.270 3.325 2.861 0.612 1868 −4.979 −1.258 3.328 2.818 0.483 1888 −5.014 −1.659 2.949 2.480 0.543 1968 −4.900 −1.556 2.999 2.520 0.728 2008 −5.011 −1.484 3.091 2.562 0.471 2028 −5.130 −1.280 3.371 2.861 0.424 2068 −5.065 −1.634 2.980 2.463 0.393 2088 −5.024 −1.639 2.932 2.430 0.503 2168 −5.175 −1.814 2.954 2.403 0.58 2361 −4.657 −1.023 3.095 2.445 0.675 2362 −4.923 −1.421 3.072 2.623 0.561 2363 −5.018 −1.508 3.053 2.533 0.397 CE1 −5.263 −2.749 2.144 1.607 0.257 CE2 −5.436 −2.602 2.537 1.788 0.216

##STR00753##

[0134] From Table 1, it can be confirmed that the compounds according to the present disclosure have a high S.sub.1 energy level and oscillator strength and exhibit excellent electric characteristics.

[0135] The condensed cyclic compound may be suitable for use as an organic layer of an organic light-emitting device, for example, as a material for an emission layer, a hole transport region, and/or an electron transport region in the organic layer.

[0136] Accordingly, according to an aspect of another embodiment, an organic light-emitting device may include: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer and at least one of the condensed cyclic compounds described above.

[0137] Since the organic light-emitting device has an organic layer including the condensed cyclic compound, the organic light-emitting device may have a low driving voltage, high efficiency, high luminance, high quantum efficiency, and a long lifespan.

[0138] In an embodiment, in the organic light-emitting device,

[0139] the first electrode may be an anode and the second electrode may be a cathode,

[0140] the organic layer includes a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode,

[0141] the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron-blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and

[0142] the electron transport region may include a hole-blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0143] For example, the condensed cyclic compound may be included in an emission layer of the organic light-emitting device.

[0144] In an embodiment, an emission layer of the organic light-emitting device may include a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include at least one of the condensed cyclic compounds.

[0145] For example, the emission layer may emit delayed fluorescence. The delayed fluorescence may be fluorescence emitted from the condensed cyclic compound as a dopant.

[0146] The emission layer may emit red light, green light, or blue light. For example, the emission layer may emit blue light. The maximum emission wavelength of the blue light may be about 420 nm to about 500 nm, for example, about 430 nm to about 490 nm, about 440 nm to about 480 nm, or about 450 nm to about 470 nm.

[0147] In an embodiment, the condensed cyclic compound may be included in at least one of the hole transport region, the electron transport region, or a combination thereof.

Description of FIG. 1

[0148] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, the structure and manufacturing method of the organic light-emitting device 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in connection with FIG. 1.

[0149] The organic light-emitting device 10 of FIG. 1 may include a first electrode 11, an organic layer 15, and a second electrode 19, which may be sequentially layered in this stated order.

[0150] A substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 11 or on the second electrode 19. The substrate may be a conventional substrate used in organic light-emitting devices, e.g., a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water repellency.

[0151] The first electrode 11 may be produced by depositing or sputtering, onto the substrate, a material for forming the first electrode 11. The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be materials with a high work function for easy hole injection.

First Electrode 11

[0152] The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO.sub.2), or zinc oxide (ZnO). In one or more embodiments, the material for forming the first electrode 11 may be metal, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag).

[0153] The first electrode 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode 11 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 11 is not limited thereto.

Organic Layer 15

[0154] The organic layer 15 is located on the first electrode 11.

[0155] The organic layer 15 may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, and an electron transport region.

Hole Transport Region in Organic Layer 15

[0156] The hole transport region may be between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer.

[0157] The hole transport region may include at least one a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron-blocking layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof.

[0158] The hole transport region may include only either a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may have a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron-blocking layer structure, wherein, for each structure, respective layers are sequentially stacked in this stated order from the first electrode 11.

[0159] When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 11 by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition.

[0160] When a hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, the deposition conditions may vary according to a material that is used to form the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal characteristics of the hole injection layer. For example, the deposition conditions may include a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a vacuum pressure of about 10.sup.−8 torr to about 10-3 torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 Å/sec to about 100 Å/sec. However, the deposition conditions are not limited thereto.

[0161] When a hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a rate in a range of about 2,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) to about 5,000 rpm and at a temperature in a range of about 80° C. to 200° C. to facilitate removal of a solvent after the spin coating, though the conditions may vary depending on a compound used as a hole injection material and a structure and thermal properties of a desired hole injection layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0162] The conditions for forming the hole transport layer and the electron-blocking layer may be the same as the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

[0163] The hole transport region may include at least one of m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (PANI/CSA), (polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, a compound represented by Formula 202, or a combination thereof:

##STR00754## ##STR00755## ##STR00756##

[0164] Ar.sub.101 and Ar.sub.102 in Formula 201 may each independently be:

[0165] a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, or a pentacenylene group; or

[0166] a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, or a pentacenylene group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, or a combination thereof.

[0167] xa and xb in Formula 201 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, or 0, 1, or 2. For example, xa may be 1 and xb may be 0, but xa and xb are not limited thereto.

[0168] R.sub.101 to R.sub.108, R.sub.111 to R.sub.119 and R.sub.121 to R.sub.124 in Formulae 201 and 202 may each independently be:

[0169] hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, pentyl group, a hexyl group, etc.), or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group (for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, etc.);

[0170] a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, or any combination thereof;

[0171] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, or a pyrenyl group; or

[0172] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluorenyl group, or a pyrenyl group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, or any combination thereof,

[0173] but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0174] R.sub.109 in Formula 201 may be:

[0175] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, or a pyridinyl group; or

[0176] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, or a pyridinyl group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyridinyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0177] According to an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A below, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00757##

[0178] R.sub.101, R.sub.111, R.sub.112, and R.sub.109 in Formula 201A are each the same as described in the present specification.

[0179] For example, the compound represented by Formula 201, and the compound represented by Formula 202 may each include compounds HT1 to HT20 illustrated below, but are not limited thereto:

##STR00758## ##STR00759## ##STR00760## ##STR00761## ##STR00762## ##STR00763##

[0180] A thickness of the hole transport region may be in the range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer are within these ranges, satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0181] The hole transport region may further include, in addition to these materials, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

[0182] The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one of a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant are a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenum oxide; and a cyano group-containing compound, such as Compound HT-D1 or Compound HT-D2 below, but are not limited thereto.

##STR00764##

[0183] The hole transport region may include a buffer layer.

[0184] Also, the buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer, and thus, efficiency of a formed organic light-emitting device may be improved.

[0185] The emission layer may be formed on the hole transport region by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, or LB deposition. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition or coating conditions may be similar to those applied in forming the hole injection layer although the deposition or coating conditions may vary according to a material that is used to form the hole transport layer.

[0186] The hole transport region may further include an electron-blocking layer. The electron-blocking layer may include a material available in the art, for example, mCP, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

##STR00765##

[0187] A thickness of the electron-blocking layer may be about 50 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example about 70 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron-blocking layer is within the range described above, the electron-blocking layer may have satisfactory electron blocking characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Emission Layer in Organic Layer 15

[0188] When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full-color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. In one or more embodiments, due to a stacked structure including a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer, the emission layer may emit white light.

[0189] The emission layer may include the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

[0190] In an embodiment, the emission layer may include the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1 alone.

[0191] In an embodiment, the emission layer includes a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

[0192] When the emission layer includes a host and a dopant, the amount of the dopant may be in the range of about 0.01 part by weight to about 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer. However, the amount of the dopant included in the emission layer is not limited thereto. When the amount of the dopant satisfies the above range, it may be possible to realize emission without extinction phenomenon.

[0193] A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within these ranges, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

FIRST EMBODIMENT—DESCRIPTION OF FIG. 2A

[0194] In the First Embodiment, the condensed cyclic compound may be a fluorescence emitter. According to the First Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Host A’, and Host A may not be identical to the condensed cyclic compound). Host A may be understood by referring to the description of the host material provided herein, but embodiments are not limited thereto. Host A may be a fluorescent host.

[0195] The general energy transfer of the First Embodiment will be described according to FIG. 2A.

[0196] Singlet excitons may be produced from Host A in the emission layer, and singlet excitons produced from Host A may be transferred to a fluorescence emitter through Förster energy transfer (FRET).

[0197] A ratio of singlet excitons produced from Host A may be 25%, and thus, 75% of triplet excitons produced from Host A may be fused to one another to be converted into singlet excitons. Thus, the efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may be further improved. That is, the efficiency of an organic light-emitting device may be further improved by using a triplet-triplet fusion mechanism.

[0198] According to the First Embodiment, a ratio of emission components emitted from the condensed cyclic compound to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer may be 80% or greater, for example, 90% or greater. In some embodiments, a ratio of emission components emitted from the condensed cyclic compound may be 95% or greater to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer.

[0199] The condensed cyclic compound may emit fluorescence, and the host may not emit light.

[0200] In the First Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host A, in addition to the condensed cyclic compound, an amount of the condensed cyclic compound may be about 50 parts by weight or less, e.g., about 30 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, and an amount of Host A in the emission layer may be about 50 parts by weight or greater, e.g., about 70 parts by weight or greater, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0201] In the First Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host A, in addition to the condensed cyclic compound, Host A and the condensed cyclic compound may satisfy Condition A:

E(H.sub.A).sub.S1>E.sub.S1  Condition A

[0202] wherein, in Condition A,

[0203] E(H.sub.A).sub.S1 indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host A, and

[0204] E.sub.S1 indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the condensed cyclic compound.

[0205] Here, E(H.sub.A).sub.S1 and E.sub.S1 may be evaluated using the density functional theory (DFT) method of the Gaussian program, which is structure-optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level.

SECOND EMBODIMENT—DESCRIPTIONS OF FIG. 2B

[0206] In the Second Embodiment, the condensed cyclic compound may be a delayed fluorescence emitter. According to the Second Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Host B’, and Host B may not be identical to the condensed cyclic compound). Host B may be understood by referring to the description of the host material provided herein, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0207] The general energy transfer of the Second Embodiment will be described according to FIG. 2B.

[0208] 25% of singlet excitons produced from Host B in the emission layer may be transferred to a delayed fluorescence emitter through FRET. In addition, 75% of triplet excitons produced from Host B in the emission layer may be transferred to a delayed fluorescence emitter through Dexter energy transfer. Energy transferred to a triplet state of a delayed fluorescence emitter may undergo reverse intersystem crossing to a singlet state. Accordingly, by transferring all the singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the emission layer to the condensed cyclic compound, an organic light-emitting device having improved efficiency can be obtained.

[0209] According to the Second Embodiment, a ratio of emission components emitted from the condensed cyclic compound to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer may be 80% or greater, for example, 90% or greater. In some embodiments, a ratio of emission components emitted from the condensed cyclic compound may be 95% or greater to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer.

[0210] Here, the condensed cyclic compound may emit fluorescence and/or delayed fluorescence, and the emission components of the condensed cyclic compound may be a total of prompt emission components of the condensed cyclic compound and delayed fluorescence components by reverse intersystem crossing of the condensed cyclic compound. In addition, Host B may not emit light.

[0211] In the Second Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host B, in addition to the condensed cyclic compound, an amount of the condensed cyclic compound may be about 50 parts by weight or less, e.g., about 30 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, and an amount of Host B in the emission layer may be about 50 parts by weight or greater, e.g., about 70 parts by weight or greater, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0212] In the Second Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host B, in addition to the condensed cyclic compound, Host B and the condensed cyclic compound may satisfy Condition B:

E(H.sub.B).sub.S1>E.sub.S1  Condition B

[0213] wherein, in Condition B,

[0214] E(H.sub.B).sub.S1 indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host B, and

[0215] E.sub.S1 indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the condensed cyclic compound.

[0216] Here, E(H.sub.B).sub.S1 and E.sub.S1 may be evaluated using the DFT method of the Gaussian program, which is structure-optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level.

THIRD EMBODIMENT—DESCRIPTIONS OF FIG. 2C

[0217] In the Third Embodiment, the condensed cyclic compound may be used as a fluorescence emitter, and the emission layer may include a sensitizer, e.g., a delayed fluorescence sensitizer. In the Third Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, the host may be referred to as ‘Host C’, and Host C may not be identical to the condensed cyclic compound and the sensitizer) and a sensitizer (hereinafter, the sensitizer may be referred to as ‘Sensitizer A’, and Sensitizer A may not be identical to Host C and the condensed cyclic compound). Host C and Sensitizer A may respectively be understood by referring to the description of the host material and the sensitizer material provided herein, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0218] In the Third Embodiment, a ratio of emission components of the condensed cyclic compound may be about 80% or greater, for example, 90% or greater (or for example, 95% or greater) to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. For example, the condensed cyclic compound may emit fluorescence. In addition, each of Host C and Sensitizer A may not emit light.

[0219] The general energy transfer of the Third Embodiment will be described according to FIG. 2C.

[0220] Singlet and triplet excitons may be produced from Host C in the emission layer, and singlet and triplet excitons produced from Host C may be transferred to Sensitizer A and then to the condensed cyclic compound through FRET. 25% of singlet excitons produced from Host C may be transferred to Sensitizer A through FRET, and energy of 75% of triplet excitons produced from Host C may be transferred to singlet and triplet states of Sensitizer A. Energy transferred to a triplet state of Sensitizer A may undergo reverse intersystem crossing to a singlet state, and then, singlet energy of Sensitizer A may be transferred to the condensed cyclic compound through FRET.

[0221] Accordingly, by transferring all the singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the emission layer to the dopant, an organic light-emitting device having improved efficiency can be obtained. In addition, since an organic light-emitting device can be obtained with significantly reduced energy loss, the lifespan characteristics of the organic light-emitting device can be improved.

[0222] In the Third Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host C and Sensitizer A, in addition to the condensed cyclic compound, Host C and Sensitizer A may satisfy Condition C-1 and/or C-2:

S.sub.1(H.sub.C)≥S.sub.1(S.sub.A)  Condition C-1

S.sub.1(S.sub.A)≥S.sub.1(H.sub.C)  Condition C-2

wherein, in Conditions C-1 and C-2,
S.sub.1(H.sub.C) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host C,
S.sub.1(S.sub.A) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Sensitizer A, and

[0223] S.sub.1(HC) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the condensed cyclic compound.

[0224] S.sub.1(H.sub.C), S.sub.1(S.sub.A), and S.sub.1(HC) may be evaluated using the DFT method of the Gaussian program, which is structure-optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level.

[0225] When Host C, Sensitizer A, and the condensed cyclic compound satisfy Condition C-1 and/or C-2, FRET from Sensitizer A to the condensed cyclic compound may be facilitated, and accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have improved luminescence efficiency.

FOURTH EMBODIMENT—DESCRIPTION OF FIG. 2D

[0226] In the Fourth Embodiment, the condensed cyclic compound may be used as a fluorescence emitter, and the emission layer may include a sensitizer, e.g., a phosphorescence sensitizer. In the Fourth Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, the host may be referred to as ‘Host D’, and Host D may not be identical to the condensed cyclic compound and the sensitizer) and a sensitizer (hereinafter, the sensitizer may be referred to as ‘Sensitizer B’, and Sensitizer B may not be identical to Host D and the condensed cyclic compound). Host D and Sensitizer B may respectively be understood by referring to the description of the host material and the sensitizer material provided herein, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0227] In the Fourth Embodiment, a ratio of emission components of the condensed cyclic compound may be about 80% or greater, for example, 90% or greater (or for example, 95% or greater) to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. For example, the condensed cyclic compound may emit fluorescence. In addition, Host D and Sensitizer B may not each emit light.

[0228] The general energy transfer of the Fourth Embodiment will be described according to FIG. 2D.

[0229] 75% of triplet excitons produced from Host D in the emission layer may be transferred to Sensitizer B through Dexter energy transfer, and energy of 25% of singlet excitons produced from Host D may be transferred to singlet and triplet states of Sensitizer B. Energy transferred to a singlet state of Sensitizer B may undergo ISC to a triplet state, and then, triplet energy of Sensitizer B may be transferred to the condensed cyclic compound through FRET.

[0230] Accordingly, by transferring all the singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the emission layer to the dopant, an organic light-emitting device having improved efficiency can be obtained. In addition, since an organic light-emitting device can be obtained with significantly reduced energy loss, the lifespan characteristics of the organic light-emitting device can be improved.

[0231] In the Fourth Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host D and Sensitizer B, in addition to the condensed cyclic compound, Host D and Sensitizer B may satisfy Condition D-1 and/or D-2:

T.sub.1(H.sub.D)≥T.sub.1(S.sub.B)  Condition D-1

T.sub.1(S.sub.B)≥S.sub.1(H.sub.C)  Condition D-2

[0232] wherein, in Conditions D-1 and D-2,

[0233] T.sub.1(H.sub.D) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of Host D,

[0234] T.sub.1(S.sub.B) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of Sensitizer B, and

[0235] S.sub.1(HC) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the condensed cyclic compound.

[0236] T.sub.1(H.sub.D), T.sub.1(S.sub.B), and S.sub.1(HC) may be evaluated using the DFT method of the Gaussian program, which is structure-optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level.

[0237] When Host D, Sensitizer B, and the condensed cyclic compound satisfy Condition D-1 and/or D-2, FRET from Sensitizer B to the condensed cyclic compound may be facilitated, and accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have improved luminescence efficiency.

[0238] In the Third Embodiment and the Fourth Embodiment, an amount of the sensitizer in the emission layer may be in a range of about 5 percent by weight (wt %) to about 50 wt %, or for example, about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %. When the amount is within this range, energy transfer in the emission layer may effectively occur. Thus, the organic light-emitting device may have high efficiency and long lifespan.

[0239] In the Third Embodiment and the Fourth Embodiment, an amount of the condensed cyclic compound in the emission layer may be in a range of about 0.01 wt % to about 15 wt %, or for example, about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt %, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0240] In the Third Embodiment and the Fourth Embodiment, the sensitizer and the condensed cyclic compound may further satisfy Condition 5:

0 μs<T.sub.decay(HC)<5 μs  Condition 5

[0241] wherein, in Condition 5,

[0242] T.sub.decay(HC) indicates a decay time of the condensed cyclic compound.

[0243] The decay time of the condensed cyclic compound was measured from a time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectrum at room temperature of a film (hereinafter, referred to as “Film (HC)”) having a thickness of 40 nm formed by vacuum-depositing the host and the condensed cyclic compound included in the emission layer on a quartz substrate at a weight ratio of 90:10 at a vacuum degree of 10-7 torr.

FIFTH EMBODIMENT—DESCRIPTION OF FIG. 2E

[0244] In the Fifth Embodiment, the condensed cyclic compound may be used as a delayed fluorescence emitter, and the emission layer may include a sensitizer, e.g., a delayed fluorescence sensitizer. In the Fifth Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, the host may be referred to as ‘Host E’, and Host E may not be identical to the condensed cyclic compound and the sensitizer) and a sensitizer (hereinafter, the sensitizer may be referred to as ‘Sensitizer C’, and Sensitizer C may not be identical to Host E and the condensed cyclic compound). Host E and Sensitizer C may respectively be understood by referring to the description of the host material and the sensitizer material provided herein, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0245] In the Fifth Embodiment, a ratio of emission components of the condensed cyclic compound may be about 80% or greater, for example, about 90% or greater (or for example, 95% or greater) to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. In some embodiments, the condensed cyclic compound may emit fluorescence and/or delayed fluorescence. In addition, Host E and Sensitizer C may not each emit light.

[0246] Here, the condensed cyclic compound may emit fluorescence and/or delayed fluorescence, and the emission components of the condensed cyclic compound may be a total of prompt emission components of the condensed cyclic compound and delayed fluorescence components by reverse intersystem crossing of the condensed cyclic compound.

[0247] The general energy transfer of the Fifth Embodiment will be described according to FIG. 2E.

[0248] 25% of singlet excitons produced from Host E in the emission layer may be transferred to a singlet state of Sensitizer C through FRET, and energy of 75% of triplet excitons produced from Host E may be transferred to a triplet state of Sensitizer C, and then singlet energy of Sensitizer C may be transferred to the condensed cyclic compound through FRET. Subsequently, the triplet energy of Sensitizer C may be transferred to the condensed cyclic compound through Dexter energy transfer. Energy transferred to a triplet state of Sensitizer C may undergo reverse intersystem crossing to a singlet state. Further, in a case of Sensitizer C, energy of triplet excitons produced from Sensitizer C may undergo reverse transfer to Host E and then to the condensed cyclic compound, thus emitting by reverse intersystem transfer.

[0249] Accordingly, by transferring all the singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the emission layer to the dopant, an organic light-emitting device having improved efficiency can be obtained. In addition, since an organic light-emitting device can be obtained with significantly reduced energy loss, the lifespan characteristics of the organic light-emitting device can be improved.

[0250] In the Fifth Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host E and Sensitizer C, in addition to the condensed cyclic compound, Host E and Sensitizer C may satisfy Condition E-1, E-2, E-3, or a combination thereof:

S.sub.1(H.sub.E)≥S.sub.1(S.sub.C)  Condition E-1

S.sub.1(S.sub.C)≥S.sub.1(HC)  Condition E-2

T.sub.1(S.sub.C)≥T.sub.1(HC)  Condition E-3

[0251] wherein, in Conditions E-1, E-2, and E-3,

[0252] S.sub.1(H.sub.E) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host E,

[0253] S.sub.1(S.sub.C) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Sensitizer C,

[0254] S.sub.1(HC) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the condensed cyclic compound,

[0255] T.sub.1(S.sub.C) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of Sensitizer C, and

[0256] T.sub.1(HC) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of the condensed cyclic compound.

[0257] S.sub.1(H.sub.E), S.sub.1(S.sub.C), S.sub.1(HC), T.sub.1(S.sub.C), and T.sub.1(HC) may be evaluated using the DFT method of the Gaussian program, which is structure-optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level.

[0258] When Host E, Sensitizer C, and the condensed cyclic compound satisfy Condition E-1, E-2, and/or E-3, Dexter transfer FRET from Sensitizer C to the condensed cyclic compound may be facilitated, and accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have improved luminescence efficiency.

[0259] In the Fifth Embodiment, an amount of Sensitizer C in the emission layer may be in a range of about 5 wt % to about 50 wt %, or for example, about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %. When the amount is within this range, energy transfer in the emission layer may be effectively occurred. Thus, the organic light-emitting device may have high efficiency and long lifespan.

[0260] In the Fifth Embodiment, an amount of the condensed cyclic compound in the emission layer may be in a range of about 0.01 wt % to about 15 wt %, or for example, about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt %, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

Host

[0261] The host may not include a metal atom.

[0262] In one or more embodiments, the host may include one kind of host. When the host includes one host, the one host may be a bipolar host, an electron-transporting host, a hole-transporting host, or a combination thereof, which will be described later.

[0263] In one or more embodiments, the host may include a mixture of two or more different hosts. For example, the host may be a mixture of an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, a mixture of two types of electron-transporting hosts different from each other, or a mixture of two types of hole-transporting hosts different from each other. The electron-transporting host and the hole-transporting host may be understood by referring to the related description to be presented later.

[0264] In one or more embodiments, the host may include an electron-transporting host including at least one electron-transporting moiety and a hole-transporting host that is free of an electron-transporting moiety.

[0265] The electron-transporting moiety used herein may be a cyano group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, a group represented by one of the following chemical structures, or a combination thereof:

##STR00766##

[0266] wherein, in Formulae ET-moiety, *, *′, and *″ may each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0267] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host of the emission layer 15 may include at least one of a cyano group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or a combination thereof.

[0268] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host in the emission layer 15 may include at least one cyano group.

[0269] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host in the emission layer 15 may include at least one cyano group, at least one π electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or a combination thereof.

[0270] In one or more embodiments, the host may include an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, wherein the electron-transporting host may include at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group and at least one electron-transporting moiety, and the hole-transporting host may include at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group and may not include an electron-transporting moiety.

[0271] The term “π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group” used herein refers to a cyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety, and for example, may be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; or a condensed cyclic group in of two or more π electron-efficient nitrogen-containing cyclic groups.

[0272] Meanwhile, the π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group may be a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, or a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic groups, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0273] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host may be one of the compounds represented by Formula E-1, and

[0274] the hole-transporting host may be compounds represented by Formula H-1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[Ar.sub.301].sub.xb11-[(L.sub.301).sub.xb1-R.sub.301].sub.xb21  Formula E-1

[0275] wherein, in Formula E-1,

[0276] Ar.sub.301 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group,

[0277] xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0278] L.sub.301 may each independently be a single bond, groups represented by one of following chemical structures, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group, wherein in the following chemical structures, *, *′, and *″ may each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom,

##STR00767##

[0279] xb1 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

[0280] R.sub.301 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302)(Q.sub.303), —N(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), —B(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), —C(═O)(Q.sub.301), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.301), —S(═O)(Q.sub.301), —P(═O)(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), —P(═S)(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), or a combination thereof,

[0281] xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

[0282] Q.sub.301 to Q.sub.303 may each independently be a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and

[0283] at least one of Condition 1 to Condition 3 is satisfied:

[0284] Condition H-1: At least one of Ar.sub.301, L.sub.301, and R.sub.301 in Formula E-1 each independently includes a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

[0285] Condition H-2: L.sub.301 in Formula E-1 is a group represented by one of the following chemical structures.

##STR00768##

[0286] Condition H-3: R.sub.301 in Formula E-1 is a cyano group, —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.301), —S(═O)(Q.sub.301), —P(═O)(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302), or —P(═S)(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302).

##STR00769##

[0287] wherein, in Formulae H-1, 11, and 12,

[0288] L.sub.401 may be:

[0289] a single bond; or

[0290] a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, or a triindolobenzene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, —Si(Q.sub.401)(Q.sub.402)(Q.sub.403), or a combination thereof,

[0291] xd1 may be an integer from 1 to 10; and when xd1 is 2 or greater, at least two L.sub.401 groups may be identical to or different from each other,

[0292] Ar.sub.401 may be a group represented by Formulae 11 or 12,

[0293] Ar.sub.402 may be:

[0294] a group represented by Formula 11 or 12, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group; or

[0295] a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, or any combination thereof,

[0296] CY.sub.401 and CY.sub.402 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzosilole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonapthothiophene group, or a benzonaphthosilole group,

[0297] A.sub.21 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.51), C(R.sub.51)(R.sub.52), or Si(R.sub.51)(R.sub.52),

[0298] A.sub.22 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R.sub.53), C(R.sub.53)(R.sub.54), or Si(R.sub.53)(R.sub.54),

[0299] at least one of A.sub.21, A.sub.22, or a combination thereof in Formula 12 may not be a single bond,

[0300] R.sub.51 to R.sub.54, R.sub.60, and R.sub.70 may each independently be:

[0301] hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group;

[0302] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof;

[0303] a π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group (e.g., a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group);

[0304] a π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group (e.g., a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group) substituted with at least one deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof,

[0305] —Si(Q.sub.404)(Q.sub.405)(Q.sub.406),

[0306] e1 and e2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10,

[0307] wherein Q.sub.401 to Q.sub.406 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group, and

[0308] * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0309] In some embodiments, in Formula E-1, Ar.sub.301 and L.sub.301 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, a cyano group-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32),

[0310] at least one of L.sub.301(s) in the number of xb1 may each independently be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), or any combination thereof, and

[0311] R.sub.301 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, a cyano group-containing tetraphenyl group, a cyano group-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32),

[0312] wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0313] In one or more embodiments, Ar.sub.301 may be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), or any combination thereof; or

[0314] a group represented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and 6-1 to 6-33, and

[0315] L.sub.301 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and 6-1 to 6-33:

##STR00770## ##STR00771## ##STR00772## ##STR00773## ##STR00774##

[0316] wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and 6-1 to 6-33,

[0317] Z.sub.1 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, a cyano group-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —B(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —C(═O)(Q.sub.31), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32),

[0318] d4 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4,

[0319] d3 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3,

[0320] d2 may be 0, 1, or 2, and

[0321] * and *′ each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0322] Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 provided herein.

[0323] In one or more embodiments, L.sub.301 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 5-2, 5-3 and 6-8 to 6-33.

[0324] In one or more embodiments, R.sub.301 may be a cyano group or a group represented by one of Formula 7-1 to 7-18, and at least one of Ar.sub.402(s) in the number of xd11 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 7-1 to 7-18, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR00775## ##STR00776## ##STR00777##

[0325] wherein, in Formulae 7-1 to 7-18,

[0326] xb41 to xb44 may each be 0, 1, or 2, provided that xb41 in Formula 7-10 may not be 0, xb41+xb42 in Formulae 7-11 to 7-13 may not be 0, xb41+xb42+xb43 in Formulae 7-14 to 7-16 may not be 0, xb41+xb42+xb43+xb44 in Formulae 7-17 and 7-18 may not be 0, and * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0327] In Formula E-1, at least two Ar.sub.301(S) may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two L.sub.301(s) may be identical to or different from each other. In Formula H-1, at least two L.sub.401(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Ar.sub.402(S) may be identical to or different from each other.

[0328] In an embodiment, the electron-transporting host includes i) at least one of a cyano group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a triazine group, or any combination thereof, and ii) a triphenylene group, and the hole-transporting host may include a carbazole group.

[0329] In one or more embodiments, the electron-transporting host may include at least one cyano group.

[0330] The electron transporting host may be, for example, a compound of Groups HE1 to HE7, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR00778## ##STR00779## ##STR00780## ##STR00781## ##STR00782## ##STR00783## ##STR00784## ##STR00785## ##STR00786## ##STR00787## ##STR00788## ##STR00789## ##STR00790## ##STR00791## ##STR00792## ##STR00793## ##STR00794## ##STR00795## ##STR00796## ##STR00797## ##STR00798## ##STR00799## ##STR00800## ##STR00801## ##STR00802## ##STR00803## ##STR00804## ##STR00805## ##STR00806## ##STR00807## ##STR00808## ##STR00809## ##STR00810## ##STR00811## ##STR00812## ##STR00813## ##STR00814## ##STR00815## ##STR00816## ##STR00817## ##STR00818## ##STR00819## ##STR00820## ##STR00821## ##STR00822## ##STR00823## ##STR00824## ##STR00825## ##STR00826## ##STR00827## ##STR00828## ##STR00829## ##STR00830## ##STR00831## ##STR00832## ##STR00833##

##STR00834## ##STR00835## ##STR00836## ##STR00837## ##STR00838## ##STR00839## ##STR00840## ##STR00841## ##STR00842## ##STR00843## ##STR00844## ##STR00845## ##STR00846## ##STR00847## ##STR00848## ##STR00849## ##STR00850## ##STR00851## ##STR00852## ##STR00853## ##STR00854## ##STR00855## ##STR00856## ##STR00857## ##STR00858## ##STR00859## ##STR00860## ##STR00861## ##STR00862## ##STR00863## ##STR00864## ##STR00865## ##STR00866## ##STR00867## ##STR00868## ##STR00869## ##STR00870## ##STR00871## ##STR00872## ##STR00873## ##STR00874## ##STR00875## ##STR00876## ##STR00877## ##STR00878## ##STR00879## ##STR00880## ##STR00881## ##STR00882## ##STR00883## ##STR00884## ##STR00885## ##STR00886## ##STR00887## ##STR00888## ##STR00889## ##STR00890## ##STR00891## ##STR00892## ##STR00893## ##STR00894## ##STR00895## ##STR00896## ##STR00897##

##STR00898## ##STR00899## ##STR00900## ##STR00901## ##STR00902## ##STR00903## ##STR00904## ##STR00905## ##STR00906## ##STR00907## ##STR00908## ##STR00909## ##STR00910## ##STR00911## ##STR00912## ##STR00913## ##STR00914## ##STR00915## ##STR00916## ##STR00917## ##STR00918## ##STR00919## ##STR00920## ##STR00921## ##STR00922## ##STR00923## ##STR00924## ##STR00925## ##STR00926## ##STR00927## ##STR00928## ##STR00929## ##STR00930## ##STR00931## ##STR00932## ##STR00933## ##STR00934## ##STR00935## ##STR00936## ##STR00937## ##STR00938## ##STR00939## ##STR00940## ##STR00941## ##STR00942## ##STR00943## ##STR00944## ##STR00945## ##STR00946## ##STR00947## ##STR00948## ##STR00949## ##STR00950## ##STR00951## ##STR00952## ##STR00953## ##STR00954## ##STR00955## ##STR00956## ##STR00957## ##STR00958## ##STR00959## ##STR00960## ##STR00961## ##STR00962## ##STR00963## ##STR00964## ##STR00965## ##STR00966## ##STR00967## ##STR00968## ##STR00969## ##STR00970## ##STR00971## ##STR00972##

##STR00973## ##STR00974## ##STR00975## ##STR00976## ##STR00977## ##STR00978## ##STR00979## ##STR00980## ##STR00981## ##STR00982## ##STR00983## ##STR00984## ##STR00985## ##STR00986## ##STR00987## ##STR00988## ##STR00989## ##STR00990## ##STR00991## ##STR00992## ##STR00993## ##STR00994## ##STR00995## ##STR00996## ##STR00997## ##STR00998## ##STR00999## ##STR01000## ##STR01001## ##STR01002## ##STR01003## ##STR01004## ##STR01005## ##STR01006## ##STR01007## ##STR01008## ##STR01009## ##STR01010## ##STR01011## ##STR01012## ##STR01013## ##STR01014## ##STR01015## ##STR01016## ##STR01017## ##STR01018## ##STR01019## ##STR01020## ##STR01021## ##STR01022## ##STR01023## ##STR01024## ##STR01025## ##STR01026## ##STR01027## ##STR01028## ##STR01029## ##STR01030## ##STR01031## ##STR01032## ##STR01033## ##STR01034## ##STR01035## ##STR01036## ##STR01037## ##STR01038## ##STR01039## ##STR01040## ##STR01041## ##STR01042## ##STR01043## ##STR01044##

##STR01045## ##STR01046## ##STR01047## ##STR01048## ##STR01049## ##STR01050## ##STR01051## ##STR01052## ##STR01053## ##STR01054## ##STR01055## ##STR01056## ##STR01057## ##STR01058## ##STR01059## ##STR01060## ##STR01061## ##STR01062## ##STR01063## ##STR01064## ##STR01065## ##STR01066## ##STR01067## ##STR01068## ##STR01069## ##STR01070## ##STR01071## ##STR01072## ##STR01073## ##STR01074## ##STR01075## ##STR01076## ##STR01077## ##STR01078## ##STR01079## ##STR01080## ##STR01081## ##STR01082## ##STR01083## ##STR01084## ##STR01085## ##STR01086## ##STR01087## ##STR01088## ##STR01089## ##STR01090## ##STR01091## ##STR01092## ##STR01093## ##STR01094## ##STR01095## ##STR01096## ##STR01097## ##STR01098## ##STR01099## ##STR01100## ##STR01101## ##STR01102## ##STR01103## ##STR01104## ##STR01105## ##STR01106## ##STR01107##

##STR01108## ##STR01109## ##STR01110## ##STR01111## ##STR01112## ##STR01113## ##STR01114## ##STR01115## ##STR01116## ##STR01117## ##STR01118## ##STR01119## ##STR01120## ##STR01121## ##STR01122## ##STR01123## ##STR01124## ##STR01125## ##STR01126## ##STR01127## ##STR01128## ##STR01129## ##STR01130## ##STR01131## ##STR01132## ##STR01133## ##STR01134## ##STR01135## ##STR01136## ##STR01137## ##STR01138## ##STR01139## ##STR01140## ##STR01141## ##STR01142## ##STR01143## ##STR01144## ##STR01145## ##STR01146## ##STR01147## ##STR01148## ##STR01149## ##STR01150## ##STR01151## ##STR01152## ##STR01153## ##STR01154## ##STR01155## ##STR01156## ##STR01157## ##STR01158## ##STR01159## ##STR01160## ##STR01161## ##STR01162## ##STR01163## ##STR01164## ##STR01165## ##STR01166## ##STR01167## ##STR01168## ##STR01169## ##STR01170## ##STR01171## ##STR01172## ##STR01173## ##STR01174## ##STR01175## ##STR01176##

##STR01177## ##STR01178## ##STR01179## ##STR01180## ##STR01181## ##STR01182## ##STR01183## ##STR01184## ##STR01185## ##STR01186## ##STR01187## ##STR01188## ##STR01189## ##STR01190## ##STR01191## ##STR01192## ##STR01193## ##STR01194## ##STR01195## ##STR01196## ##STR01197## ##STR01198## ##STR01199## ##STR01200## ##STR01201## ##STR01202## ##STR01203## ##STR01204## ##STR01205## ##STR01206## ##STR01207## ##STR01208## ##STR01209## ##STR01210## ##STR01211## ##STR01212## ##STR01213## ##STR01214## ##STR01215## ##STR01216## ##STR01217## ##STR01218## ##STR01219## ##STR01220## ##STR01221## ##STR01222## ##STR01223## ##STR01224## ##STR01225## ##STR01226## ##STR01227## ##STR01228## ##STR01229## ##STR01230## ##STR01231## ##STR01232## ##STR01233## ##STR01234## ##STR01235## ##STR01236## ##STR01237##

##STR01238## ##STR01239## ##STR01240## ##STR01241## ##STR01242## ##STR01243## ##STR01244## ##STR01245## ##STR01246## ##STR01247## ##STR01248## ##STR01249## ##STR01250## ##STR01251## ##STR01252## ##STR01253## ##STR01254## ##STR01255## ##STR01256## ##STR01257## ##STR01258## ##STR01259## ##STR01260## ##STR01261## ##STR01262## ##STR01263## ##STR01264## ##STR01265## ##STR01266## ##STR01267## ##STR01268## ##STR01269## ##STR01270## ##STR01271## ##STR01272## ##STR01273## ##STR01274## ##STR01275## ##STR01276## ##STR01277## ##STR01278## ##STR01279## ##STR01280## ##STR01281## ##STR01282## ##STR01283## ##STR01284## ##STR01285## ##STR01286## ##STR01287## ##STR01288## ##STR01289## ##STR01290## ##STR01291## ##STR01292## ##STR01293## ##STR01294## ##STR01295## ##STR01296## ##STR01297## ##STR01298##

##STR01299## ##STR01300## ##STR01301## ##STR01302## ##STR01303## ##STR01304## ##STR01305## ##STR01306## ##STR01307## ##STR01308## ##STR01309## ##STR01310## ##STR01311## ##STR01312## ##STR01313## ##STR01314## ##STR01315## ##STR01316## ##STR01317## ##STR01318## ##STR01319## ##STR01320## ##STR01321## ##STR01322## ##STR01323## ##STR01324## ##STR01325## ##STR01326## ##STR01327## ##STR01328## ##STR01329## ##STR01330## ##STR01331## ##STR01332## ##STR01333## ##STR01334## ##STR01335## ##STR01336## ##STR01337## ##STR01338## ##STR01339## ##STR01340## ##STR01341## ##STR01342## ##STR01343## ##STR01344## ##STR01345## ##STR01346## ##STR01347## ##STR01348## ##STR01349## ##STR01350## ##STR01351## ##STR01352## ##STR01353## ##STR01354## ##STR01355## ##STR01356## ##STR01357## ##STR01358## ##STR01359## ##STR01360## ##STR01361## ##STR01362## ##STR01363## ##STR01364## ##STR01365## ##STR01366## ##STR01367##

##STR01368## ##STR01369## ##STR01370## ##STR01371## ##STR01372## ##STR01373## ##STR01374## ##STR01375## ##STR01376## ##STR01377## ##STR01378## ##STR01379## ##STR01380## ##STR01381## ##STR01382## ##STR01383## ##STR01384## ##STR01385## ##STR01386## ##STR01387## ##STR01388## ##STR01389## ##STR01390## ##STR01391## ##STR01392## ##STR01393## ##STR01394## ##STR01395## ##STR01396## ##STR01397## ##STR01398## ##STR01399## ##STR01400## ##STR01401## ##STR01402## ##STR01403## ##STR01404## ##STR01405## ##STR01406## ##STR01407## ##STR01408## ##STR01409## ##STR01410## ##STR01411## ##STR01412## ##STR01413## ##STR01414## ##STR01415## ##STR01416## ##STR01417## ##STR01418## ##STR01419## ##STR01420## ##STR01421## ##STR01422## ##STR01423## ##STR01424## ##STR01425## ##STR01426## ##STR01427## ##STR01428## ##STR01429## ##STR01430## ##STR01431## ##STR01432## ##STR01433## ##STR01434##

[0331] In an embodiment, the electron-transporting host may include DPEPO and TSPO1:

##STR01435##

[0332] In some embodiments, the hole transporting host may be a compound of Group HH1, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR01436## ##STR01437## ##STR01438## ##STR01439## ##STR01440## ##STR01441## ##STR01442## ##STR01443## ##STR01444## ##STR01445## ##STR01446## ##STR01447## ##STR01448## ##STR01449## ##STR01450## ##STR01451## ##STR01452## ##STR01453## ##STR01454## ##STR01455## ##STR01456## ##STR01457## ##STR01458## ##STR01459## ##STR01460## ##STR01461## ##STR01462## ##STR01463## ##STR01464##

[0333] In some embodiments, the bipolar host may be a compound of Group HEH1, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

##STR01465## ##STR01466## ##STR01467## ##STR01468## ##STR01469## ##STR01470## ##STR01471## ##STR01472## ##STR01473## ##STR01474## ##STR01475## ##STR01476## ##STR01477## ##STR01478## ##STR01479## ##STR01480## ##STR01481## ##STR01482## ##STR01483## ##STR01484## ##STR01485## ##STR01486## ##STR01487## ##STR01488## ##STR01489## ##STR01490## ##STR01491## ##STR01492## ##STR01493## ##STR01494## ##STR01495## ##STR01496## ##STR01497## ##STR01498## ##STR01499## ##STR01500## ##STR01501## ##STR01502## ##STR01503## ##STR01504## ##STR01505## ##STR01506## ##STR01507## ##STR01508## ##STR01509## ##STR01510## ##STR01511## ##STR01512## ##STR01513## ##STR01514## ##STR01515## ##STR01516## ##STR01517## ##STR01518## ##STR01519## ##STR01520## ##STR01521## ##STR01522## ##STR01523## ##STR01524## ##STR01525## ##STR01526## ##STR01527## ##STR01528##

##STR01529## ##STR01530## ##STR01531## ##STR01532## ##STR01533## ##STR01534## ##STR01535## ##STR01536## ##STR01537## ##STR01538## ##STR01539## ##STR01540## ##STR01541## ##STR01542## ##STR01543## ##STR01544## ##STR01545## ##STR01546## ##STR01547## ##STR01548## ##STR01549## ##STR01550## ##STR01551##

[0334] Ph in Compounds 1 to 432 is a phenyl group.

[0335] In an embodiment, the hole-transporting host may include o-CBP, or mCP:

##STR01552##

[0336] In an embodiment, the host may be a fluorescent host, and the fluorescent host may be represented by, for example, any one of Formulae FH-1 to FH-4.

[0337] In an embodiment, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-1:

##STR01553##

[0338] In Formula FH-1,

[0339] Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.3 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9),

[0340] at least one of Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.3 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

[0341] L.sub.10 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group,

[0342] a10 is an integer from 0 to 3, and when a10 is 2 or more, two or more of L.sub.10(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

[0343] R.sub.10 and R.sub.20 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9),

[0344] b10 and b20 may each independently an integer from 1 to 8,

[0345] wherein, when b10 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.10(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b20 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.20(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

[0346] c10 may be an integer from 1 to 9, and

[0347] when c10 is 2 or more, two or more of -[(L.sub.10).sub.a10-(R.sub.10).sub.b10](s) may be identical to each other or different from each other.

[0348] In an embodiment, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-1 may be Group FH1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR01554## ##STR01555## ##STR01556## ##STR01557## ##STR01558## ##STR01559## ##STR01560## ##STR01561## ##STR01562## ##STR01563## ##STR01564## ##STR01565## ##STR01566## ##STR01567## ##STR01568## ##STR01569## ##STR01570## ##STR01571## ##STR01572## ##STR01573## ##STR01574## ##STR01575## ##STR01576## ##STR01577## ##STR01578## ##STR01579## ##STR01580## ##STR01581## ##STR01582## ##STR01583## ##STR01584## ##STR01585##

[0349] In an embodiment, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-2:

##STR01586##

[0350] wherein, in Formula FH-2,

[0351] X.sub.1 may be O or S,

[0352] A.sub.1 may be a C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group,

[0353] L.sub.11 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group,

[0354] a11 may be an integer from 0 to 3,

[0355] Ar.sub.11 and Ar.sub.12 may each independently be a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.a,

[0356] b11 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

[0357] R.sub.11, R.sub.12, and Ra may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —N(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), or —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7),

[0358] c11 may be an integer from 1 to 20,

[0359] c12 may be an integer of 1 to 4,

[0360] when c11 is 2 or more, adjacent two of R.sub.11(s) may optionally be bonded to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group,

[0361] when c12 is 2 or more, adjacent two of R.sub.12(s) may optionally be bonded to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group,

[0362] A.sub.1 and Ar.sub.12 may optionally be bonded to each other via a single bond or a first linking group including *—Ar.sub.31—*′, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—[C(R.sub.31)(R.sub.32)].sub.k11—*′, *—C(R.sub.31)═*′, *═C(R.sub.31)—*′, *—C(R.sub.31)═C(R.sub.32)—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, *—N(R.sub.31)—*′, *—P(R.sub.31)—*′, *—[Si(R.sub.31)(R.sub.32)].sub.k11—*′, or *—P(R.sub.31)(R.sub.32)—*′ to form a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group,

[0363] Ar.sub.31 is a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group,

[0364] R.sub.31 and R.sub.32 are each the same as described in connection with R.sub.11, and

[0365] k11 is 1, 2, 3, and 4.

[0366] In an embodiment, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-2 may be Group FH2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR01587## ##STR01588## ##STR01589## ##STR01590## ##STR01591## ##STR01592## ##STR01593## ##STR01594## ##STR01595## ##STR01596## ##STR01597## ##STR01598## ##STR01599## ##STR01600## ##STR01601## ##STR01602## ##STR01603## ##STR01604## ##STR01605## ##STR01606## ##STR01607## ##STR01608## ##STR01609## ##STR01610## ##STR01611## ##STR01612## ##STR01613## ##STR01614## ##STR01615## ##STR01616## ##STR01617## ##STR01618## ##STR01619## ##STR01620## ##STR01621## ##STR01622## ##STR01623## ##STR01624## ##STR01625## ##STR01626## ##STR01627## ##STR01628## ##STR01629## ##STR01630## ##STR01631## ##STR01632## ##STR01633## ##STR01634## ##STR01635## ##STR01636## ##STR01637## ##STR01638## ##STR01639## ##STR01640## ##STR01641## ##STR01642## ##STR01643##

##STR01644## ##STR01645## ##STR01646## ##STR01647## ##STR01648## ##STR01649## ##STR01650## ##STR01651## ##STR01652## ##STR01653## ##STR01654## ##STR01655## ##STR01656## ##STR01657## ##STR01658## ##STR01659## ##STR01660## ##STR01661## ##STR01662## ##STR01663## ##STR01664## ##STR01665## ##STR01666## ##STR01667## ##STR01668## ##STR01669## ##STR01670## ##STR01671## ##STR01672## ##STR01673## ##STR01674## ##STR01675## ##STR01676## ##STR01677## ##STR01678## ##STR01679## ##STR01680## ##STR01681## ##STR01682## ##STR01683## ##STR01684## ##STR01685## ##STR01686## ##STR01687## ##STR01688## ##STR01689## ##STR01690## ##STR01691## ##STR01692## ##STR01693## ##STR01694## ##STR01695## ##STR01696## ##STR01697## ##STR01698## ##STR01699## ##STR01700##

##STR01701## ##STR01702## ##STR01703## ##STR01704## ##STR01705## ##STR01706## ##STR01707## ##STR01708## ##STR01709## ##STR01710## ##STR01711## ##STR01712## ##STR01713## ##STR01714## ##STR01715## ##STR01716## ##STR01717## ##STR01718## ##STR01719## ##STR01720## ##STR01721## ##STR01722## ##STR01723## ##STR01724## ##STR01725## ##STR01726## ##STR01727## ##STR01728## ##STR01729## ##STR01730## ##STR01731## ##STR01732## ##STR01733## ##STR01734## ##STR01735## ##STR01736## ##STR01737## ##STR01738## ##STR01739## ##STR01740## ##STR01741## ##STR01742## ##STR01743## ##STR01744## ##STR01745## ##STR01746## ##STR01747## ##STR01748## ##STR01749## ##STR01750## ##STR01751##

[0367] In an embodiment, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-3:

##STR01752##

[0368] wherein, in Formula FH-3,

[0369] Ar.sub.1 is group represented by Formula 2,

##STR01753##

[0370] Ar.sub.1 may include at least one cyano group,

[0371] A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 may each independently be a C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group,

[0372] L.sub.1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group,

[0373] a1 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3,

[0374] when a1 is 2 or more, two or more of L.sub.1(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

[0375] m1 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3,

[0376] Ar.sub.11 may be a group represented by Formula 4, Ar.sub.12 may be a group represented by Formula 5, and Ar.sub.13 may be a group represented by Formula 6,

##STR01754##

[0377] wherein, in the formulae shown above,

[0378] R.sub.1, R.sub.10, R.sub.20, R.sub.30, R.sub.40, R.sub.50, and R.sub.60 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9),

[0379] b1 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

[0380] when b1 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.10(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

[0381] b10 may be an integer from 1 to 8,

[0382] when b10 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.10(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

[0383] b20 and b30 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 4,

[0384] when b20 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.20 may be identical to or different from each other, and when b30 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.30 may be identical to or different from each other,

[0385] b40, b50, and b60 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 4,

[0386] when b40 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.40(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b50 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.50(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b60 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.60(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and

[0387] * and *′ each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

[0388] In an embodiment, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-3 may be Group FH3, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR01755## ##STR01756## ##STR01757## ##STR01758## ##STR01759## ##STR01760## ##STR01761## ##STR01762## ##STR01763## ##STR01764## ##STR01765## ##STR01766## ##STR01767## ##STR01768## ##STR01769## ##STR01770## ##STR01771## ##STR01772## ##STR01773## ##STR01774## ##STR01775## ##STR01776## ##STR01777## ##STR01778## ##STR01779## ##STR01780## ##STR01781## ##STR01782## ##STR01783## ##STR01784## ##STR01785## ##STR01786## ##STR01787## ##STR01788## ##STR01789## ##STR01790## ##STR01791## ##STR01792## ##STR01793## ##STR01794## ##STR01795## ##STR01796## ##STR01797## ##STR01798## ##STR01799## ##STR01800## ##STR01801## ##STR01802## ##STR01803## ##STR01804## ##STR01805## ##STR01806## ##STR01807## ##STR01808## ##STR01809## ##STR01810## ##STR01811## ##STR01812## ##STR01813## ##STR01814## ##STR01815## ##STR01816## ##STR01817## ##STR01818## ##STR01819## ##STR01820## ##STR01821## ##STR01822## ##STR01823## ##STR01824## ##STR01825## ##STR01826##

##STR01827## ##STR01828## ##STR01829## ##STR01830## ##STR01831## ##STR01832## ##STR01833## ##STR01834## ##STR01835## ##STR01836## ##STR01837## ##STR01838## ##STR01839## ##STR01840## ##STR01841## ##STR01842## ##STR01843## ##STR01844## ##STR01845## ##STR01846## ##STR01847## ##STR01848## ##STR01849## ##STR01850## ##STR01851## ##STR01852## ##STR01853## ##STR01854## ##STR01855##

[0389] In an embodiment, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-4:

##STR01856##

[0390] wherein, in Formula FH-4,

[0391] X.sub.1 may be O or Se, and

[0392] Ar.sub.1 is a group represented by Formula 1A, and Ar.sub.2 is a group represented by Formula 1B,

##STR01857##

[0393] wherein, in the formulae shown above,

[0394] L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 may each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group,

[0395] a1 and a2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 3, wherein when a1 is 2 or more, two or more of L.sub.1(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when a2 is 2 or more, two or more of L.sub.2(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

[0396] R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.10, R.sub.20, R.sub.30, and R.sub.40 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5), —B(Q.sub.6)(Q.sub.7), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.8)(Q.sub.9),

[0397] b1 and b2 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5,

[0398] when b1 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.1(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b2 is 2 or more, two or more of R.sub.2 may be identical to or different from each other,

[0399] b10 and b20 may each independently an integer from 1 to 8,

[0400] b30 and b40 may each independently an integer from 1 to 3,

[0401] c1 and c2 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 8, and

[0402] the sum of b10 and c1 may be 9 and the sum of b20 and c2 may be 9.

[0403] In an embodiment, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-4 may be Group FH4, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR01858## ##STR01859## ##STR01860## ##STR01861## ##STR01862## ##STR01863## ##STR01864## ##STR01865## ##STR01866## ##STR01867## ##STR01868## ##STR01869## ##STR01870## ##STR01871## ##STR01872## ##STR01873## ##STR01874## ##STR01875## ##STR01876## ##STR01877## ##STR01878## ##STR01879## ##STR01880## ##STR01881## ##STR01882## ##STR01883## ##STR01884## ##STR01885## ##STR01886## ##STR01887## ##STR01888## ##STR01889## ##STR01890## ##STR01891## ##STR01892## ##STR01893## ##STR01894## ##STR01895## ##STR01896## ##STR01897## ##STR01898## ##STR01899## ##STR01900## ##STR01901## ##STR01902## ##STR01903## ##STR01904## ##STR01905## ##STR01906## ##STR01907## ##STR01908## ##STR01909## ##STR01910## ##STR01911## ##STR01912## ##STR01913## ##STR01914## ##STR01915## ##STR01916## ##STR01917## ##STR01918## ##STR01919## ##STR01920## ##STR01921## ##STR01922##

##STR01923## ##STR01924## ##STR01925## ##STR01926## ##STR01927## ##STR01928## ##STR01929## ##STR01930## ##STR01931## ##STR01932## ##STR01933## ##STR01934## ##STR01935## ##STR01936## ##STR01937## ##STR01938## ##STR01939## ##STR01940## ##STR01941## ##STR01942## ##STR01943## ##STR01944## ##STR01945## ##STR01946## ##STR01947## ##STR01948## ##STR01949## ##STR01950## ##STR01951## ##STR01952## ##STR01953## ##STR01954## ##STR01955## ##STR01956## ##STR01957## ##STR01958## ##STR01959## ##STR01960## ##STR01961## ##STR01962## ##STR01963## ##STR01964## ##STR01965## ##STR01966## ##STR01967## ##STR01968## ##STR01969## ##STR01970## ##STR01971## ##STR01972## ##STR01973## ##STR01974## ##STR01975## ##STR01976## ##STR01977## ##STR01978## ##STR01979## ##STR01980## ##STR01981## ##STR01982## ##STR01983## ##STR01984## ##STR01985## ##STR01986## ##STR01987## ##STR01988## ##STR01989## ##STR01990## ##STR01991## ##STR01992## ##STR01993## ##STR01994## ##STR01995## ##STR01996## ##STR01997## ##STR01998## ##STR01999## ##STR02000## ##STR02001## ##STR02002## ##STR02003## ##STR02004## ##STR02005## ##STR02006## ##STR02007##

##STR02008## ##STR02009## ##STR02010## ##STR02011## ##STR02012## ##STR02013## ##STR02014## ##STR02015## ##STR02016## ##STR02017## ##STR02018## ##STR02019## ##STR02020## ##STR02021## ##STR02022## ##STR02023## ##STR02024## ##STR02025## ##STR02026## ##STR02027## ##STR02028## ##STR02029## ##STR02030## ##STR02031## ##STR02032## ##STR02033## ##STR02034## ##STR02035## ##STR02036## ##STR02037## ##STR02038## ##STR02039## ##STR02040## ##STR02041## ##STR02042## ##STR02043## ##STR02044## ##STR02045## ##STR02046## ##STR02047## ##STR02048## ##STR02049## ##STR02050## ##STR02051## ##STR02052## ##STR02053## ##STR02054## ##STR02055##

##STR02056## ##STR02057## ##STR02058## ##STR02059## ##STR02060## ##STR02061## ##STR02062## ##STR02063## ##STR02064## ##STR02065## ##STR02066## ##STR02067## ##STR02068## ##STR02069## ##STR02070## ##STR02071## ##STR02072## ##STR02073## ##STR02074## ##STR02075## ##STR02076## ##STR02077## ##STR02078## ##STR02079## ##STR02080## ##STR02081## ##STR02082## ##STR02083## ##STR02084## ##STR02085## ##STR02086## ##STR02087##

##STR02088## ##STR02089## ##STR02090## ##STR02091## ##STR02092## ##STR02093## ##STR02094## ##STR02095## ##STR02096## ##STR02097## ##STR02098## ##STR02099## ##STR02100## ##STR02101## ##STR02102## ##STR02103## ##STR02104## ##STR02105## ##STR02106## ##STR02107## ##STR02108## ##STR02109## ##STR02110## ##STR02111## ##STR02112## ##STR02113## ##STR02114## ##STR02115## ##STR02116## ##STR02117## ##STR02118## ##STR02119## ##STR02120## ##STR02121## ##STR02122## ##STR02123## ##STR02124## ##STR02125## ##STR02126## ##STR02127## ##STR02128## ##STR02129## ##STR02130## ##STR02131## ##STR02132## ##STR02133## ##STR02134## ##STR02135## ##STR02136## ##STR02137## ##STR02138## ##STR02139## ##STR02140## ##STR02141## ##STR02142## ##STR02143## ##STR02144## ##STR02145## ##STR02146## ##STR02147## ##STR02148## ##STR02149## ##STR02150## ##STR02151## ##STR02152## ##STR02153## ##STR02154## ##STR02155## ##STR02156## ##STR02157## ##STR02158## ##STR02159## ##STR02160## ##STR02161## ##STR02162## ##STR02163## ##STR02164##

##STR02165## ##STR02166## ##STR02167## ##STR02168## ##STR02169## ##STR02170## ##STR02171## ##STR02172## ##STR02173## ##STR02174## ##STR02175## ##STR02176## ##STR02177## ##STR02178## ##STR02179## ##STR02180## ##STR02181## ##STR02182## ##STR02183## ##STR02184## ##STR02185## ##STR02186## ##STR02187## ##STR02188## ##STR02189## ##STR02190## ##STR02191## ##STR02192## ##STR02193## ##STR02194## ##STR02195## ##STR02196## ##STR02197## ##STR02198## ##STR02199## ##STR02200## ##STR02201## ##STR02202## ##STR02203## ##STR02204## ##STR02205## ##STR02206## ##STR02207## ##STR02208## ##STR02209## ##STR02210## ##STR02211## ##STR02212## ##STR02213## ##STR02214## ##STR02215## ##STR02216## ##STR02217## ##STR02218## ##STR02219## ##STR02220## ##STR02221## ##STR02222## ##STR02223## ##STR02224## ##STR02225## ##STR02226## ##STR02227## ##STR02228## ##STR02229## ##STR02230## ##STR02231## ##STR02232## ##STR02233## ##STR02234## ##STR02235## ##STR02236## ##STR02237## ##STR02238## ##STR02239## ##STR02240## ##STR02241## ##STR02242## ##STR02243## ##STR02244## ##STR02245## ##STR02246## ##STR02247## ##STR02248## ##STR02249## ##STR02250## ##STR02251## ##STR02252##

##STR02253## ##STR02254## ##STR02255## ##STR02256## ##STR02257## ##STR02258## ##STR02259## ##STR02260## ##STR02261## ##STR02262## ##STR02263## ##STR02264## ##STR02265## ##STR02266## ##STR02267## ##STR02268## ##STR02269## ##STR02270## ##STR02271## ##STR02272## ##STR02273## ##STR02274## ##STR02275## ##STR02276## ##STR02277## ##STR02278## ##STR02279## ##STR02280## ##STR02281## ##STR02282## ##STR02283## ##STR02284## ##STR02285## ##STR02286## ##STR02287## ##STR02288## ##STR02289## ##STR02290## ##STR02291## ##STR02292## ##STR02293## ##STR02294## ##STR02295## ##STR02296## ##STR02297## ##STR02298## ##STR02299## ##STR02300## ##STR02301## ##STR02302##

[0404] When the host is a mixture of an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, the weight ratio of the electron-transporting host and the hole-transporting host may be about 1:9 to 9:1, for example, about 2:8 to 8:2, for example, about 4:6 to 6:4, for example, about 5:5. When the weight ratio of the electron-transporting host and the hole-transporting host satisfies the above-described ranges, the hole-and-electron-transporting balance in the emission layer 15 may be made.

[0405] Dopant

[0406] The dopant includes the condensed cyclic compound.

[0407] Sensitizer

[0408] In an embodiment, the sensitizer may be a phosphorescent sensitizer including at least one metal Period 1 transition metal, Period 2 transition metal, Period 3 transition metal, or any combination thereof.

[0409] In an embodiment, the sensitizer may include metal (M.sub.11) of at least one a first-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, a second-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, a third-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, or any combination thereof, and an organic ligand (L.sub.1), and L.sub.11 and M.sub.11 may form 1, 2, 3, or 4 cyclometallated rings.

[0410] In an embodiment, the sensitizer may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 101:

M.sub.11(L.sub.11).sub.n11(L.sub.12).sub.n12  Formula 101

[0411] wherein, in Formula 101,

[0412] M.sub.11 may be a first-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, a second-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, or a third-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements;

[0413] L.sub.11 is a ligand represented by one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-4;

[0414] L.sub.12 is a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand;

[0415] n11 is 1,

[0416] n12 is 0, 1, or 2;

##STR02303##

[0417] wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-4,

[0418] A.sub.1 to A.sub.4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, or a non-cyclic group,

[0419] Y.sub.11 to Y.sub.14 may each independently be a chemical bond, O, S, N(R.sub.91), B(R.sub.91), P(R.sub.91), or C(R.sub.91)(R.sub.92),

[0420] T.sub.1 to T.sub.4 may each independently be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R.sub.93)—*′, *—B(R.sub.93)—*′, *—P(R.sub.93)—*′, *—C(R.sub.93)(R.sub.94)—*′, *—Si(R.sub.93)(R.sub.94)—*′, *—Ge(R.sub.93)(R.sub.94)—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O).sub.2—*, *—C(R.sub.93)═*′, *═C(R.sub.93)—*′, *—C(R.sub.93)═C(R.sub.94)—*, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′, and

[0421] a substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group, a substituent of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, and R.sub.91 to R.sub.94 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —Ge(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —B(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —P(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —C(═O)(Q.sub.1), —S(═O)(Q.sub.1), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.1), —P(═O)(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), or —P(═S)(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), wherein a substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group and a substituent of the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group may not be hydrogen.

[0422] *.sub.1, *.sub.2, *.sub.3, and *.sub.4 each indicate a binding site to M.sub.11, and

[0423] Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 may each independently be: hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkylaryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkylheteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group which is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof; or a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group which is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or a combination thereof.

[0424] In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may be a compound of Groups I to VIII, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR02304## ##STR02305## ##STR02306## ##STR02307## ##STR02308## ##STR02309## ##STR02310## ##STR02311## ##STR02312## ##STR02313## ##STR02314## ##STR02315## ##STR02316## ##STR02317## ##STR02318## ##STR02319## ##STR02320## ##STR02321## ##STR02322## ##STR02323## ##STR02324## ##STR02325## ##STR02326## ##STR02327## ##STR02328## ##STR02329## ##STR02330## ##STR02331## ##STR02332## ##STR02333## ##STR02334## ##STR02335## ##STR02336## ##STR02337## ##STR02338## ##STR02339## ##STR02340## ##STR02341## ##STR02342## ##STR02343## ##STR02344## ##STR02345## ##STR02346## ##STR02347## ##STR02348## ##STR02349## ##STR02350## ##STR02351## ##STR02352## ##STR02353## ##STR02354## ##STR02355## ##STR02356## ##STR02357## ##STR02358## ##STR02359## ##STR02360## ##STR02361## ##STR02362## ##STR02363## ##STR02364## ##STR02365## ##STR02366## ##STR02367## ##STR02368## ##STR02369## ##STR02370##

##STR02371## ##STR02372## ##STR02373## ##STR02374## ##STR02375## ##STR02376## ##STR02377## ##STR02378## ##STR02379## ##STR02380## ##STR02381## ##STR02382## ##STR02383## ##STR02384## ##STR02385## ##STR02386## ##STR02387## ##STR02388## ##STR02389## ##STR02390## ##STR02391## ##STR02392## ##STR02393## ##STR02394## ##STR02395## ##STR02396## ##STR02397## ##STR02398## ##STR02399## ##STR02400## ##STR02401## ##STR02402## ##STR02403## ##STR02404## ##STR02405## ##STR02406## ##STR02407## ##STR02408## ##STR02409## ##STR02410## ##STR02411## ##STR02412## ##STR02413## ##STR02414## ##STR02415## ##STR02416## ##STR02417## ##STR02418## ##STR02419## ##STR02420## ##STR02421## ##STR02422## ##STR02423## ##STR02424## ##STR02425## ##STR02426## ##STR02427## ##STR02428## ##STR02429## ##STR02430## ##STR02431## ##STR02432##

##STR02433## ##STR02434## ##STR02435## ##STR02436## ##STR02437## ##STR02438## ##STR02439## ##STR02440## ##STR02441## ##STR02442## ##STR02443## ##STR02444## ##STR02445## ##STR02446## ##STR02447## ##STR02448## ##STR02449## ##STR02450## ##STR02451## ##STR02452## ##STR02453## ##STR02454## ##STR02455## ##STR02456## ##STR02457## ##STR02458## ##STR02459## ##STR02460## ##STR02461## ##STR02462## ##STR02463## ##STR02464## ##STR02465## ##STR02466## ##STR02467## ##STR02468## ##STR02469## ##STR02470## ##STR02471## ##STR02472## ##STR02473## ##STR02474## ##STR02475## ##STR02476## ##STR02477## ##STR02478## ##STR02479## ##STR02480## ##STR02481## ##STR02482## ##STR02483## ##STR02484## ##STR02485## ##STR02486## ##STR02487## ##STR02488## ##STR02489## ##STR02490## ##STR02491## ##STR02492## ##STR02493## ##STR02494##

[0425] Compounds of Group V include a compound represented by Formula A below:

(L.sub.101).sub.n101-M.sub.101-(L.sub.102)m.sub.101  Formula A

[0426] L.sub.101, n101, M.sub.101, L.sub.102, and M.sub.101 in Formula A are the same as described in connection with Tables 2 to 4:

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Name of compound L.sub.101 n101 M.sub.101 L.sub.102 m101 BD001 LM1 3 Ir — 0 BD002 LM2 3 Ir — 0 BD003 LM3 3 Ir — 0 BD004 LM4 3 Ir — 0 BD005 LM5 3 Ir — 0 BD006 LM6 3 Ir — 0 BD007 LM7 3 Ir — 0 BD008 LM8 3 Ir — 0 BD009 LM9 3 Ir — 0 BD010 LM10 3 Ir — 0 BD011 LM11 3 Ir — 0 BD012 LM12 3 Ir — 0 BD013 LM13 3 Ir — 0 BD014 LM14 3 Ir — 0 BD015 LM15 3 Ir — 0 BD016 LM16 3 Ir — 0 BD017 LM17 3 Ir — 0 BD018 LM18 3 Ir — 0 BD019 LM19 3 Ir — 0 BD020 LM20 3 Ir — 0 BD021 LM21 3 Ir — 0 BD022 LM22 3 Ir — 0 BD023 LM23 3 Ir — 0 BD024 LM24 3 Ir — 0 BD025 LM25 3 Ir — 0 BD026 LM26 3 Ir — 0 BD027 LM27 3 Ir — 0 BD028 LM28 3 Ir — 0 BD029 LM29 3 Ir — 0 BD030 LM30 3 Ir — 0 BD031 LM31 3 Ir — 0 BD032 LM32 3 Ir — 0 BD033 LM33 3 Ir — 0 BD034 LM34 3 Ir — 0 BD035 LM35 3 Ir — 0 BD036 LM36 3 Ir — 0 BD037 LM37 3 Ir — 0 BD038 LM38 3 Ir — 0 BD039 LM39 3 Ir — 0 BD040 LM40 3 Ir — 0 BD041 LM41 3 Ir — 0 BD042 LM42 3 Ir — 0 BD043 LM43 3 Ir — 0 BD044 LM44 3 Ir — 0 BD045 LM45 3 Ir — 0 BD046 LM46 3 Ir — 0 BD047 LM47 3 Ir — 0 BD048 LM48 3 Ir — 0 BD049 LM49 3 Ir — 0 BD050 LM50 3 Ir — 0 BD051 LM51 3 Ir — 0 BD052 LM52 3 Ir — 0 BD053 LM53 3 Ir — 0 BD054 LM54 3 Ir — 0 BD055 LM55 3 Ir — 0 BD056 LM56 3 Ir — 0 BD057 LM57 3 Ir — 0 BD058 LM58 3 Ir — 0 BD059 LM59 3 Ir — 0 BD060 LM60 3 Ir — 0 BD061 LM61 3 Ir — 0 BD062 LM62 3 Ir — 0 BD063 LM63 3 Ir — 0 BD064 LM64 3 Ir — 0 BD065 LM65 3 Ir — 0 BD066 LM66 3 Ir — 0 BD067 LM67 3 Ir — 0 BD068 LM68 3 Ir — 0 BD069 LM69 3 Ir — 0 BD070 LM70 3 Ir — 0 BD071 LM71 3 Ir — 0 BD072 LM72 3 Ir — 0 BD073 LM73 3 Ir — 0 BD074 LM74 3 Ir — 0 BD075 LM75 3 Ir — 0 BD076 LM76 3 Ir — 0 BD077 LM77 3 Ir — 0 BD078 LM78 3 Ir — 0 BD079 LM79 3 Ir — 0 BD080 LM80 3 Ir — 0 BD081 LM81 3 Ir — 0 BD082 LM82 3 Ir — 0 BD083 LM83 3 Ir — 0 BD084 LM84 3 Ir — 0 BD085 LM85 3 Ir — 0 BD086 LM86 3 Ir — 0 BD087 LM87 3 Ir — 0 BD088 LM88 3 Ir — 0 BD089 LM89 3 Ir — 0 BD090 LM90 3 Ir — 0 BD091 LM91 3 Ir — 0 BD092 LM92 3 Ir — 0 BD093 LM93 3 Ir — 0 BD094 LM94 3 Ir — 0 BD095 LM95 3 Ir — 0 BD096 LM96 3 Ir — 0 BD097 LM97 3 Ir — 0 BD098 LM98 3 Ir — 0 BD099 LM99 3 Ir — 0 BD100 LM100 3 Ir — 0

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Name of compound L.sub.101 n101 M.sub.101 L.sub.102 m101 BD101 LM101 3 Ir — 0 BD102 LM102 3 Ir — 0 BD103 LM103 3 Ir — 0 BD104 LM104 3 Ir — 0 BD105 LM105 3 Ir — 0 BD106 LM106 3 Ir — 0 BD107 LM107 3 Ir — 0 BD108 LM108 3 Ir — 0 BD109 LM109 3 Ir — 0 BD110 LM110 3 Ir — 0 BD111 LM111 3 Ir — 0 BD112 LM112 3 Ir — 0 BD113 LM113 3 Ir — 0 BD114 LM114 3 Ir — 0 BD115 LM115 3 Ir — 0 BD116 LM116 3 Ir — 0 BD117 LM117 3 Ir — 0 BD118 LM118 3 Ir — 0 BD119 LM119 3 Ir — 0 BD120 LM120 3 Ir — 0 BD121 LM121 3 Ir — 0 BD122 LM122 3 Ir — 0 BD123 LM123 3 Ir — 0 BD124 LM124 3 Ir — 0 BD125 LM125 3 Ir — 0 BD126 LM126 3 Ir — 0 BD127 LM127 3 Ir — 0 BD128 LM128 3 Ir — 0 BD129 LM129 3 Ir — 0 BD130 LM130 3 lr — 0 BD131 LM131 3 Ir — 0 BD132 LM132 3 lr — 0 BD133 LM133 3 Ir — 0 BD134 LM134 3 Ir — 0 BD135 LM135 3 Ir — 0 BD136 LM136 3 Ir — 0 BD137 LM137 3 Ir — 0 BD138 LM138 3 Ir — 0 BD139 LM139 3 Ir — 0 BD140 LM140 3 Ir — 0 BD141 LM141 3 Ir — 0 BD142 LM142 3 Ir — 0 BD143 LM143 3 Ir — 0 BD144 LM144 3 Ir — 0 BD145 LM145 3 Ir — 0 BD146 LM146 3 Ir — 0 BD147 LM147 3 Ir — 0 BD148 LM148 3 Ir — 0 BD149 LM149 3 Ir — 0 BD150 LM150 3 Ir — 0 BD151 LM151 3 Ir — 0 BD152 LM152 3 Ir — 0 BD153 LM153 3 Ir — 0 BD154 LM154 3 Ir — 0 BD155 LM155 3 Ir — 0 BD156 LM156 3 Ir — 0 BD157 LM157 3 Ir — 0 BD158 LM158 3 Ir — 0 BD159 LM159 3 Ir — 0 BD160 LM160 3 Ir — 0 BD161 LM161 3 Ir — 0 BD162 LM162 3 Ir — 0 BD163 LM163 3 Ir — 0 BD164 LM164 3 Ir — 0 BD165 LM165 3 Ir — 0 BD166 LM166 3 Ir — 0 BD167 LM167 3 Ir — 0 BD168 LM168 3 Ir — 0 BD169 LM169 3 Ir — 0 BD170 LM170 3 Ir — 0 BD171 LM171 3 Ir — 0 BD172 LM172 3 Ir — 0 BD173 LM173 3 Ir — 0 BD174 LM174 3 Ir — 0 BD175 LM175 3 Ir — 0 BD176 LM176 3 Ir — 0 BD177 LM177 3 Ir — 0 BD178 LM178 3 Ir — 0 BD179 LM179 3 Ir — 0 BD180 LM180 3 Ir — 0 BD181 LM181 3 Ir — 0 BD182 LM182 3 Ir — 0 BD183 LM183 3 Ir — 0 BD184 LM184 3 Ir — 0 BD185 LM185 3 Ir — 0 BD186 LM186 3 Ir — 0 BD187 LM187 3 Ir — 0 BD188 LM188 3 Ir — 0 BD189 LM189 3 Ir — 0 BD190 LM190 3 Ir — 0 BD191 LM191 3 Ir — 0 BD192 LM192 3 Ir — 0 BD193 LM193 3 Ir — 0 BD194 LM194 3 Ir — 0 BD195 LM195 3 Ir — 0 BD196 LM196 3 Ir — 0 BD197 LM197 3 Ir — 0 BD198 LM198 3 Ir — 0 BD199 LM199 3 Ir — 0 BD200 LM200 3 Ir — 0

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Name of compound L.sub.101 n101 M.sub.101 L.sub.102 m101 BD201 LM201 3 Ir — 0 BD202 LM202 3 Ir — 0 BD203 LM203 3 Ir — 0 BD204 LM204 3 Ir — 0 BD205 LM205 3 Ir — 0 BD206 LM206 3 Ir — 0 BD207 LM207 3 Ir — 0 BD208 LM208 3 Ir — 0 BD209 LM209 3 Ir — 0 BD210 LM210 3 Ir — 0 BD211 LM211 3 Ir — 0 BD212 LM212 3 Ir — 0 BD213 LM213 3 lr — 0 BD214 LM214 3 Ir — 0 BD215 LM215 3 lr — 0 BD216 LM216 3 Ir — 0 BD217 LM217 3 Ir — 0 BD218 LM218 3 Ir — 0 BD219 LM219 3 Ir — 0 BD220 LM220 3 Ir — 0 BD221 LM221 3 Ir — 0 BD222 LM222 3 Ir — 0 BD223 LM223 3 Ir — 0 BD224 LM224 3 Ir — 0 BD225 LM225 3 Ir — 0 BD226 LM226 3 Ir — 0 BD227 LM227 3 Ir — 0 BD228 LM228 3 Ir — 0 BD229 LM229 3 Ir — 0 BD230 LM230 3 Ir — 0 BD231 LM231 3 Ir — 0 BD232 LM232 3 Ir — 0 BD233 LM233 3 Ir — 0 BD234 LM234 3 Ir — 0 BD235 LM235 3 Ir — 0 BD236 LM236 3 Ir — 0 BD237 LM237 3 Ir — 0 BD238 LM238 3 Ir — 0 BD239 LM239 3 Ir — 0 BD240 LM240 3 Ir — 0 BD241 LM241 3 Ir — 0 BD242 LM242 3 Ir — 0 BD243 LM243 3 Ir — 0 BD244 LFM1 3 Ir — 0 BD245 LFM2 3 Ir — 0 BD246 LFM3 3 Ir — 0 BD247 LFM4 3 Ir — 0 BD248 LFM5 3 Ir — 0 BD249 LFM6 3 Ir — 0 BD250 LFM7 3 Ir — 0 BD251 LFP1 3 Ir — 0 BD252 LFP2 3 Ir — 0 BD253 LFP3 3 Ir — 0 BD254 LFP4 3 Ir — 0 BD255 LFP5 3 Ir — 0 BD256 LFP6 3 Ir — 0 BD257 LFP7 3 Ir — 0 BD258 LM47 2 Ir AN1 1 BD259 LM47 2 Ir AN2 1 BD260 LM47 2 Ir AN3 1 BD261 LM47 2 Ir AN4 1 BD262 LM47 2 Ir AN5 1 BD263 LM11 2 Pt — 0 BD264 LM13 2 Pt — 0 BD265 LM15 2 Pt — 0 BD266 LM45 2 Pt — 0 BD267 LM47 2 Pt — 0 BD268 LM49 2 Pt — 0 BD269 LM98 2 Pt — 0 BD270 LM100 2 Pt — 0 BD271 LM102 2 Pt — 0 BD272 LM132 2 Pt — 0 BD273 LM134 2 Pt — 0 BD274 LM136 2 Pt — 0 BD275 LM151 2 Pt — 0 BD276 LM153 2 Pt — 0 BD277 LM158 2 Pt — 0 BD278 LM180 2 Pt — 0 BD279 LM182 2 Pt — 0 BD280 LM187 2 Pt — 0 BD281 LM201 2 Pt — 0 BD282 LM206 2 Pt — 0 BD283 LM211 2 Pt — 0 BD284 LM233 2 Pt — 0 BD285 LM235 2 Pt — 0 BD286 LM240 2 Pt — 0 BD287 LFM5 2 Pt — 0 BD288 LFM6 2 Pt — 0 BD289 LFM7 2 Pt — 0 BD290 LFP5 2 Pt — 0 BD291 LFP6 2 Pt — 0 BD292 LFP7 2 Pt — 0 BD293 LM47 1 Pt AN1 1 BD294 LM47 1 Pt AN2 1 BD295 LM47 1 Pt AN3 1 BD296 LM47 1 Pt AN4 1 BD297 LM47 1 Pt AN5 1
Regarding Tables 2 to 4, LM1 to LM243, LFM1 to LFM7 and LFP1 to LFP8 may be understood with reference to Formulae 1-1 to 1-3 and Tables 5 to 7:

##STR02495##

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Formula 1-1 Name of ligand R.sub.11 R.sub.12 R.sub.13 R.sub.14 R.sub.15 R.sub.16 R.sub.17 R.sub.18 R.sub.19 R.sub.20 LM1 X1 H X3 H X1 H H H H D LM2 X1 H X3 H X1 H H H D H LM3 X1 H X3 H X1 H H H D D LM4 Y1 H X3 H Y1 H H H D D LM5 Y2 H X3 H Y2 H H H D D LM6 Y3 H X3 H Y3 H H H D D LM7 Y3 D X3 D Y3 H H H D D LM8 Y3 D X3 D Y3 D H H D D LM9 Y3 D X3 D Y3 D D H D D LM10 Y3 D X3 D Y3 D D D D D LM11 Y3 D Y11 D Y3 D D D D D LM12 Y3 D Y11 D Y3 H X1 H D D LM13 Y3 D Y11 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM14 Y3 D Y11 D Y3 H X4 H D D LM15 Y3 D Y11 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM16 X2 H X3 H X2 H H H H D LM17 X2 H X3 H X2 H H H D H LM18 X2 H X3 H X2 H H H D D LM19 Y4 H X3 H Y4 H H H D D LM20 Y5 H X3 H Y5 H H H D D LM21 Y6 H X3 H Y6 H H H D D LM22 Y7 H X3 H Y7 H H H D D LM23 Y8 H X3 H Y8 H H H D D LM24 Y9 H X3 H Y9 H H H D D LM25 Y10 H X3 H Y10 H H H D D LM26 Y10 D X3 D Y10 H H H D D LM27 Y10 D X3 D Y10 D H H D D LM28 Y10 D X3 D Y10 D D H D D LM29 Y10 D X3 D Y10 D D D D D LM30 Y10 D Y11 D Y10 D D D D D LM31 Y10 D Y11 D Y10 H X1 H D D LM32 Y10 D Y11 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM33 Y10 D Y11 D Y10 H X4 H D D LM34 Y10 D Y11 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM35 X1 H X4 H X1 H H H H D LM36 X1 H X4 H X1 H H H D H LM37 X1 H X4 H X1 H H H D D LM38 Y1 H X4 H Y1 H H H D D LM39 Y2 H X4 H Y2 H H H D D LM40 Y3 H X4 H Y3 H H H D D LM41 Y3 D X4 D Y3 H H H D D LM42 Y3 D X4 D Y3 D H H D D LM43 Y3 D X4 D Y3 D D H D D LM44 Y3 D X4 D Y3 D D D D D LM45 Y3 D Y12 D Y3 D D D D D LM46 Y3 D Y12 D Y3 H X1 H D D LM47 Y3 D Y12 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM48 Y3 D Y12 D Y3 H X4 H D D LM49 Y3 D Y12 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM50 X2 H X4 H X2 H H H H D LM51 X2 H X4 H X2 H H H D H LM52 X2 H X4 H X2 H H H D D LM53 Y4 H X4 H Y4 H H H D D LM54 Y5 H X4 H Y5 H H H D D LM55 Y6 H X4 H Y6 H H H D D LM56 Y7 H X4 H Y7 H H H D D LM57 Y8 H X4 H Y8 H H H D D LM58 Y9 H X4 H Y9 H H H D D LM59 Y10 H X4 H Y10 H H H D D LM60 Y10 D X4 D Y10 H H H D D LM61 Y10 D X4 D Y10 D H H D D LM62 Y10 D X4 D Y10 D D H D D LM63 Y10 D X4 D Y10 D D D D D LM64 Y10 D Y12 D Y10 D D D D D LM65 Y10 D Y12 D Y10 H X1 H D D LM66 Y10 D Y12 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM67 Y10 D Y12 D Y10 H X4 H D D LM68 Y10 D Y12 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM69 X1 H X5 H X1 H H H H D LM70 X1 H X5 H X1 H H H D H LM71 X1 H X5 H X1 H H H D D LM72 Y1 H X5 H Y1 H H H D D LM73 Y2 H X5 H Y2 H H H D D LM74 Y3 H X5 H Y3 H H H D D LM75 Y3 D X5 D Y3 H H H D D LM76 Y3 D X5 D Y3 D H H D D LM77 Y3 D X5 D Y3 D D H D D LM78 Y3 D X5 D Y3 D D D D D LM79 Y3 D Y13 D Y3 D D D D D LM80 Y3 D Y13 D Y3 H X1 H D D LM81 Y3 D Y13 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM82 Y3 D Y13 D Y3 H X4 H D D LM83 Y3 D Y13 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM84 X2 H X5 H X2 H H H H D LM85 X2 H X5 H X2 H H H D H LM86 X2 H X5 H X2 H H H D D LM87 Y4 H X5 H Y4 H H H D D LM88 Y5 H X5 H Y5 H H H D D LM89 Y6 H X5 H Y6 H H H D D LM90 Y7 H X5 H Y7 H H H D D LM91 Y8 H X5 H Y8 H H H D D LM92 Y9 H X5 H Y9 H H H D D LM93 Y10 H X5 H Y10 H H H D D LM94 Y10 D X5 D Y10 H H H D D LM95 Y10 D X5 D Y10 D H H D D LM96 Y10 D X5 D Y10 D D H D D LM97 Y10 D X5 D Y10 D D D D D LM98 Y10 D Y13 D Y10 D D D D D LM99 Y10 D Y13 D Y10 H X1 H D D LM100 Y10 D Y13 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM101 Y10 D Y13 D Y10 H X4 H D D LM102 Y10 D Y13 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM103 X1 H X6 H X1 H H H H D LM104 X1 H X6 H X1 H H H D H LM105 X1 H X6 H X1 H H H D D LM106 Y1 H X6 H Y1 H H H D D LM107 Y2 H X6 H Y2 H H H D D LM108 Y3 H X6 H Y3 H H H D D LM109 Y3 D X6 D Y3 H H H D D LM110 Y3 D X6 D Y3 D H H D D LM111 Y3 D X6 D Y3 D D H D D LM112 Y3 D X6 D Y3 D D D D D LM113 Y3 D Y14 D Y3 D D D D D LM114 Y3 D Y14 D Y3 H X1 H D D LM115 Y3 D Y14 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM116 Y3 D Y14 D Y3 H X4 H D D LM117 Y3 D Y14 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM118 X2 H X6 H X2 H H H H D LM119 X2 H X6 H X2 H H H D H LM120 X2 H X6 H X2 H H H D D LM121 Y4 H X6 H Y4 H H H D D LM122 Y5 H X6 H Y5 H H H D D LM123 Y6 H X6 H Y6 H H H D D LM124 Y7 H X6 H Y7 H H H D D LM125 Y8 H X6 H Y8 H H H D D LM126 Y9 H X6 H Y9 H H H D D LM127 Y10 H X6 H Y10 H H H D D LM128 Y10 D X6 D Y10 H H H D D LM129 Y10 D X6 D Y10 D H H D D LM130 Y10 D X6 D Y10 D D H D D LM131 Y10 D X6 D Y10 D D D D D LM132 Y10 D Y14 D Y10 D D D D D LM133 Y10 D Y14 D Y10 H X1 H D D LM134 Y10 D Y14 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM135 Y10 D Y14 D Y10 H X4 H D D LM136 Y10 D Y14 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM137 X1 H X7 H X1 H H H H D LM138 X1 H X7 H X1 H H H D H LM139 X1 H X7 H X1 H H H D D LM140 Y1 H X7 H Y1 H H H D D LM141 Y2 H X7 H Y2 H H H D D LM142 Y3 H X7 H Y3 H H H D D LM143 Y3 D X7 D Y3 H H H D D LM144 Y3 D X7 D Y3 D H H D D LM145 Y3 D X7 D Y3 D D H D D LM146 Y3 D X7 D Y3 D D D D D LM147 Y3 D X8 D Y3 D D D D D LM148 Y3 D Y16 D Y3 D D D D D LM149 Y3 D Y17 D Y3 D D D D D LM150 Y3 D Y18 D Y3 D D D D D LM151 Y3 D Y15 D Y3 D D D D D LM152 Y3 D Y15 D Y3 H X1 H D D LM153 Y3 D Y15 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM154 Y3 D Y16 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM155 Y3 D Y17 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM156 Y3 D Y18 D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM157 Y3 D Y15 D Y3 H X4 H D D LM158 Y3 D Y15 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM159 Y3 D Y16 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM160 Y3 D Y17 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM161 Y3 D Y18 D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM162 X2 H X7 H X2 H H H H D LM163 X2 H X7 H X2 H H H D H LM164 X2 H X7 H X2 H H H D D LM165 Y4 H X7 H Y4 H H H D D LM166 Y5 H X7 H Y5 H H H D D LM167 Y6 H X7 H Y6 H H H D D LM168 Y7 H X7 H Y7 H H H D D LM169 Y8 H X7 H Y8 H H H D D LM170 Y9 H X7 H Y9 H H H D D LM171 Y10 H X7 H Y10 H H H D D LM172 Y10 D X7 D Y10 H H H D D LM173 Y10 D X7 D Y10 D H H D D LM174 Y10 D X7 D Y10 D D H D D LM175 Y10 D X7 D Y10 D D D D D LM176 Y10 D X8 D Y10 D D D D D LM177 Y10 D Y16 D Y10 D D D D D LM178 Y10 D Y17 D Y10 D D D D D LM179 Y10 D Y18 D Y10 D D D D D LM180 Y10 D Y15 D Y10 D D D D D LM181 Y10 D Y15 D Y10 H X1 H D D LM182 Y10 D Y15 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM183 Y10 D Y16 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM184 Y10 D Y17 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM185 Y10 D Y18 D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM186 Y10 D Y15 D Y10 H X4 H D D LM187 Y10 D Y15 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM188 Y10 D Y16 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM189 Y10 D Y17 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM190 Y10 D Y18 D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM191 X1 X7 H H X1 H H H H D LM192 X1 X7 H H X1 H H H D H LM193 X1 X7 H H X1 H H H D D LM194 Y1 X7 H H Y1 H H H D D LM195 Y2 X7 H H Y2 H H H D D LM196 Y3 X7 H H Y3 H H H D D LM197 Y3 X7 D D Y3 H H H D D LM198 Y3 X7 D D Y3 D H H D D LM199 Y3 X7 D D Y3 D D H D D LM200 Y3 X7 D D Y3 D D D D D LM201 Y3 Y15 D D Y3 D D D D D LM202 Y3 Y16 D D Y3 D D D D D LM203 Y3 Y17 D D Y3 D D D D D LM204 Y3 Y18 D D Y3 D D D D D LM205 Y3 Y15 D D Y3 H X1 H D D LM206 Y3 Y15 D D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM207 Y3 Y16 D D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM208 Y3 Y17 D D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM209 Y3 Y18 D D Y3 D Y3 D D D LM210 Y3 Y15 D D Y3 H X4 H D D LM211 Y3 Y15 D D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM212 Y3 Y16 D D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM213 Y3 Y17 D D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM214 Y3 Y18 D D Y3 D Y12 D D D LM215 X2 X7 H H X2 H H H H D LM216 X2 X7 H H X2 H H H D H LM217 X2 X7 H H X2 H H H D D LM218 Y4 X7 H H Y4 H H H D D LM219 Y5 X7 H H Y5 H H H D D LM220 Y6 X7 H H Y6 H H H D D LM221 Y7 X7 H H Y7 H H H D D LM222 Y8 X7 H H Y8 H H H D D LM223 Y9 X7 H H Y9 H H H D D LM224 Y10 X7 H H Y10 H H H D D LM225 Y10 X7 D D Y10 H H H D D LM226 Y10 X7 D D Y10 D H H D D LM227 Y10 X7 D D Y10 D D H D D LM228 Y10 X7 D D Y10 D D D D D LM229 Y10 X8 D D Y10 D D D D D LM230 Y10 Y16 D D Y10 D D D D D LM231 Y10 Y17 D D Y10 D D D D D LM232 Y10 Y18 D D Y10 D D D D D LM233 Y10 Y15 D D Y10 D D D D D LM234 Y10 Y15 D D Y10 H X1 H D D LM235 Y10 Y15 D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM236 Y10 Y16 D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM237 Y10 Y17 D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM238 Y10 Y18 D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LM239 Y10 Y15 D D Y10 H X4 H D D LM240 Y10 Y15 D D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM241 Y10 Y16 D D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM242 Y10 Y17 D D Y10 D Y12 D D D LM243 Y10 Y18 D D Y10 D Y12 D D D

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Formula 1-2 Name of ligand R.sub.11 X.sub.11 R.sub.101 R.sub.102 R.sub.103 R.sub.104 R.sub.14 R.sub.15 R.sub.16 R.sub.17 R.sub.18 R.sub.19 R.sub.20 LFM1 Y10 N—Ph D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFM2 Y10 S D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFM3 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFM4 Y3 O D D D D D Y3 D D D D D LFM5 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFM6 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D Y3 D D D LFM7 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D Y12 D D D

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Formula 1-3 Name of ligand R.sub.11 X.sub.11 R.sub.101 R.sub.102 R.sub.103 R.sub.104 R.sub.14 R.sub.15 R.sub.16 R.sub.17 R.sub.18 R.sub.19 R.sub.20 LFP1 Y10 N—Ph D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFP2 Y10 S D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFP3 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFP4 Y3 O D D D D D Y3 D D D D D LFP5 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D D D D D LFP6 Y10 O D D D D D Y10 D Y3 D D D

[0427] X1 to X10 and Y1 to Y18 in Tables 5-7 are the same as described below, and Ph in the tables refers to a phenyl group:

##STR02496## ##STR02497## ##STR02498## ##STR02499## ##STR02500## ##STR02501## ##STR02502## ##STR02503## ##STR02504## ##STR02505## ##STR02506## ##STR02507## ##STR02508## ##STR02509## ##STR02510## ##STR02511## ##STR02512## ##STR02513## ##STR02514## ##STR02515## ##STR02516## ##STR02517## ##STR02518## ##STR02519## ##STR02520## ##STR02521## ##STR02522## ##STR02523## ##STR02524## ##STR02525##

##STR02526## ##STR02527## ##STR02528## ##STR02529## ##STR02530## ##STR02531## ##STR02532## ##STR02533## ##STR02534## ##STR02535## ##STR02536## ##STR02537## ##STR02538## ##STR02539## ##STR02540## ##STR02541## ##STR02542## ##STR02543## ##STR02544## ##STR02545## ##STR02546## ##STR02547## ##STR02548## ##STR02549## ##STR02550## ##STR02551## ##STR02552## ##STR02553## ##STR02554## ##STR02555## ##STR02556## ##STR02557## ##STR02558## ##STR02559## ##STR02560## ##STR02561## ##STR02562## ##STR02563## ##STR02564## ##STR02565## ##STR02566## ##STR02567## ##STR02568## ##STR02569## ##STR02570## ##STR02571## ##STR02572## ##STR02573## ##STR02574## ##STR02575## ##STR02576## ##STR02577## ##STR02578## ##STR02579## ##STR02580## ##STR02581## ##STR02582## ##STR02583## ##STR02584## ##STR02585## ##STR02586## ##STR02587## ##STR02588## ##STR02589## ##STR02590## ##STR02591## ##STR02592## ##STR02593## ##STR02594## ##STR02595## ##STR02596## ##STR02597## ##STR02598## ##STR02599## ##STR02600## ##STR02601## ##STR02602## ##STR02603## ##STR02604## ##STR02605## ##STR02606## ##STR02607##

##STR02608## ##STR02609## ##STR02610## ##STR02611## ##STR02612## ##STR02613## ##STR02614## ##STR02615## ##STR02616## ##STR02617## ##STR02618## ##STR02619## ##STR02620## ##STR02621## ##STR02622## ##STR02623## ##STR02624## ##STR02625## ##STR02626## ##STR02627## ##STR02628## ##STR02629## ##STR02630## ##STR02631## ##STR02632## ##STR02633## ##STR02634## ##STR02635## ##STR02636## ##STR02637## ##STR02638## ##STR02639## ##STR02640## ##STR02641## ##STR02642## ##STR02643## ##STR02644## ##STR02645## ##STR02646## ##STR02647## ##STR02648## ##STR02649## ##STR02650## ##STR02651## ##STR02652## ##STR02653## ##STR02654## ##STR02655## ##STR02656## ##STR02657## ##STR02658## ##STR02659## ##STR02660## ##STR02661## ##STR02662## ##STR02663## ##STR02664##

##STR02665## ##STR02666## ##STR02667## ##STR02668## ##STR02669## ##STR02670## ##STR02671## ##STR02672## ##STR02673## ##STR02674## ##STR02675## ##STR02676## ##STR02677## ##STR02678## ##STR02679## ##STR02680## ##STR02681## ##STR02682## ##STR02683## ##STR02684## ##STR02685## ##STR02686## ##STR02687## ##STR02688## ##STR02689## ##STR02690## ##STR02691## ##STR02692## ##STR02693## ##STR02694## ##STR02695## ##STR02696## ##STR02697## ##STR02698## ##STR02699## ##STR02700## ##STR02701## ##STR02702## ##STR02703## ##STR02704## ##STR02705## ##STR02706## ##STR02707## ##STR02708## ##STR02709## ##STR02710## ##STR02711## ##STR02712## ##STR02713## ##STR02714## ##STR02715## ##STR02716## ##STR02717## ##STR02718## ##STR02719## ##STR02720## ##STR02721## ##STR02722## ##STR02723## ##STR02724## ##STR02725## ##STR02726## ##STR02727## ##STR02728## ##STR02729## ##STR02730##

##STR02731## ##STR02732## ##STR02733## ##STR02734## ##STR02735## ##STR02736## ##STR02737## ##STR02738## ##STR02739## ##STR02740## ##STR02741## ##STR02742## ##STR02743## ##STR02744## ##STR02745## ##STR02746## ##STR02747## ##STR02748## ##STR02749## ##STR02750## ##STR02751## ##STR02752## ##STR02753## ##STR02754## ##STR02755## ##STR02756## ##STR02757## ##STR02758## ##STR02759## ##STR02760## ##STR02761## ##STR02762## ##STR02763## ##STR02764## ##STR02765## ##STR02766## ##STR02767## ##STR02768## ##STR02769## ##STR02770## ##STR02771##

[0428] In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may be represented by Formula 101 or 102, and in this case, the sensitizer may be called a delayed fluorescence sensitizer:

##STR02772##

[0429] wherein, in Formulae 101 and 102,

[0430] A.sub.21 is an acceptor group,

[0431] D.sub.21 is a donor group,

[0432] m21 may be 1, 2, or 3, and n21 may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0433] the sum of n21 and m21 in Formula 101 may be 6 or less, and the sum of n21 and m21 in Formula 102 may be 5 or less,

[0434] R.sub.21 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, SF.sub.5, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —Ge(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —C(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), —B(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —N(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —P(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), —C(═O)(Q.sub.1), —S(═O)(Q.sub.1), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.1), —P(═O)(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), or —P(═S)(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2), and a plurality of R.sub.21(s) may optionally be bonded to form a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, and

[0435] Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 may each independently be: hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.7-C.sub.60 alkylaryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkylheteroaryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group which is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or any combination thereof; or a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group which is substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, cyano group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or any combination thereof.

[0436] For example, A.sub.21 in Formula 101 and 102 may be a substituted or unsubstituted π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group.

[0437] In an embodiment, the π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group may be a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group; or a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic groups, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0438] For example, D.sub.21 in Formulae 101 and 102 may be: —F, a cyano group, an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or any combination thereof;

[0439] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or an π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, each substituted with at least one —F a cyano group, or any combination thereof; or a π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, or any combination thereof.

[0440] In an embodiment, the π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group is the same as described above.

[0441] The term “π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group” used herein refers to a cyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety, and, for example, may be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, a benzimidazolobenzimidazole group, or a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic groups.

[0442] In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may be a compound of Groups VII to XI, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

##STR02773## ##STR02774## ##STR02775## ##STR02776## ##STR02777## ##STR02778## ##STR02779## ##STR02780## ##STR02781## ##STR02782## ##STR02783## ##STR02784## ##STR02785## ##STR02786## ##STR02787## ##STR02788## ##STR02789## ##STR02790## ##STR02791## ##STR02792## ##STR02793## ##STR02794## ##STR02795## ##STR02796## ##STR02797## ##STR02798## ##STR02799## ##STR02800## ##STR02801## ##STR02802## ##STR02803## ##STR02804## ##STR02805## ##STR02806## ##STR02807## ##STR02808## ##STR02809## ##STR02810## ##STR02811## ##STR02812## ##STR02813## ##STR02814## ##STR02815## ##STR02816## ##STR02817## ##STR02818## ##STR02819## ##STR02820## ##STR02821## ##STR02822## ##STR02823## ##STR02824## ##STR02825## ##STR02826## ##STR02827## ##STR02828## ##STR02829## ##STR02830## ##STR02831## ##STR02832## ##STR02833## ##STR02834## ##STR02835## ##STR02836## ##STR02837## ##STR02838## ##STR02839## ##STR02840## ##STR02841## ##STR02842## ##STR02843## ##STR02844## ##STR02845## ##STR02846## ##STR02847## ##STR02848##

##STR02849## ##STR02850## ##STR02851## ##STR02852## ##STR02853## ##STR02854## ##STR02855## ##STR02856## ##STR02857## ##STR02858## ##STR02859## ##STR02860## ##STR02861## ##STR02862## ##STR02863## ##STR02864## ##STR02865## ##STR02866## ##STR02867## ##STR02868## ##STR02869## ##STR02870## ##STR02871## ##STR02872## ##STR02873## ##STR02874## ##STR02875## ##STR02876## ##STR02877## ##STR02878## ##STR02879## ##STR02880##

##STR02881## ##STR02882## ##STR02883## ##STR02884## ##STR02885## ##STR02886## ##STR02887## ##STR02888## ##STR02889## ##STR02890## ##STR02891## ##STR02892## ##STR02893## ##STR02894## ##STR02895## ##STR02896## ##STR02897## ##STR02898## ##STR02899## ##STR02900## ##STR02901## ##STR02902## ##STR02903## ##STR02904## ##STR02905## ##STR02906## ##STR02907## ##STR02908## ##STR02909## ##STR02910## ##STR02911## ##STR02912## ##STR02913## ##STR02914## ##STR02915## ##STR02916## ##STR02917## ##STR02918## ##STR02919## ##STR02920## ##STR02921## ##STR02922## ##STR02923## ##STR02924## ##STR02925## ##STR02926## ##STR02927## ##STR02928## ##STR02929## ##STR02930## ##STR02931## ##STR02932## ##STR02933## ##STR02934## ##STR02935## ##STR02936## ##STR02937## ##STR02938## ##STR02939## ##STR02940## ##STR02941## ##STR02942## ##STR02943## ##STR02944## ##STR02945## ##STR02946## ##STR02947## ##STR02948## ##STR02949## ##STR02950## ##STR02951##

##STR02952## ##STR02953## ##STR02954## ##STR02955## ##STR02956## ##STR02957## ##STR02958## ##STR02959## ##STR02960## ##STR02961## ##STR02962## ##STR02963## ##STR02964## ##STR02965## ##STR02966## ##STR02967## ##STR02968## ##STR02969## ##STR02970## ##STR02971## ##STR02972## ##STR02973## ##STR02974## ##STR02975## ##STR02976## ##STR02977## ##STR02978## ##STR02979## ##STR02980## ##STR02981## ##STR02982## ##STR02983## ##STR02984## ##STR02985## ##STR02986## ##STR02987## ##STR02988## ##STR02989## ##STR02990## ##STR02991## ##STR02992## ##STR02993## ##STR02994## ##STR02995## ##STR02996## ##STR02997## ##STR02998## ##STR02999## ##STR03000## ##STR03001## ##STR03002## ##STR03003## ##STR03004## ##STR03005## ##STR03006## ##STR03007## ##STR03008## ##STR03009## ##STR03010## ##STR03011## ##STR03012## ##STR03013## ##STR03014## ##STR03015## ##STR03016## ##STR03017## ##STR03018## ##STR03019## ##STR03020## ##STR03021## ##STR03022## ##STR03023## ##STR03024## ##STR03025## ##STR03026## ##STR03027## ##STR03028## ##STR03029## ##STR03030## ##STR03031## ##STR03032## ##STR03033## ##STR03034##

##STR03035## ##STR03036## ##STR03037## ##STR03038## ##STR03039## ##STR03040## ##STR03041## ##STR03042## ##STR03043## ##STR03044## ##STR03045## ##STR03046## ##STR03047## ##STR03048## ##STR03049## ##STR03050## ##STR03051## ##STR03052## ##STR03053## ##STR03054## ##STR03055## ##STR03056## ##STR03057## ##STR03058## ##STR03059## ##STR03060## ##STR03061## ##STR03062## ##STR03063## ##STR03064## ##STR03065## ##STR03066## ##STR03067## ##STR03068## ##STR03069## ##STR03070## ##STR03071## ##STR03072## ##STR03073## ##STR03074## ##STR03075## ##STR03076## ##STR03077## ##STR03078## ##STR03079## ##STR03080## ##STR03081## ##STR03082## ##STR03083## ##STR03084## ##STR03085## ##STR03086## ##STR03087## ##STR03088## ##STR03089## ##STR03090## ##STR03091## ##STR03092## ##STR03093## ##STR03094## ##STR03095## ##STR03096## ##STR03097## ##STR03098## ##STR03099## ##STR03100## ##STR03101## ##STR03102## ##STR03103## ##STR03104## ##STR03105## ##STR03106## ##STR03107## ##STR03108## ##STR03109## ##STR03110## ##STR03111## ##STR03112## ##STR03113## ##STR03114## ##STR03115## ##STR03116## ##STR03117## ##STR03118## ##STR03119## ##STR03120## ##STR03121## ##STR03122## ##STR03123## ##STR03124## ##STR03125## ##STR03126## ##STR03127## ##STR03128## ##STR03129##

##STR03130## ##STR03131## ##STR03132## ##STR03133## ##STR03134## ##STR03135## ##STR03136## ##STR03137## ##STR03138## ##STR03139## ##STR03140## ##STR03141## ##STR03142## ##STR03143## ##STR03144## ##STR03145## ##STR03146## ##STR03147## ##STR03148## ##STR03149## ##STR03150## ##STR03151## ##STR03152## ##STR03153## ##STR03154## ##STR03155## ##STR03156## ##STR03157## ##STR03158## ##STR03159## ##STR03160## ##STR03161## ##STR03162## ##STR03163## ##STR03164## ##STR03165## ##STR03166## ##STR03167## ##STR03168## ##STR03169## ##STR03170## ##STR03171## ##STR03172## ##STR03173## ##STR03174## ##STR03175## ##STR03176## ##STR03177## ##STR03178## ##STR03179## ##STR03180## ##STR03181## ##STR03182## ##STR03183## ##STR03184## ##STR03185## ##STR03186## ##STR03187## ##STR03188## ##STR03189## ##STR03190## ##STR03191## ##STR03192## ##STR03193## ##STR03194## ##STR03195## ##STR03196## ##STR03197## ##STR03198## ##STR03199## ##STR03200## ##STR03201## ##STR03202## ##STR03203## ##STR03204## ##STR03205## ##STR03206## ##STR03207## ##STR03208## ##STR03209## ##STR03210## ##STR03211## ##STR03212## ##STR03213## ##STR03214## ##STR03215## ##STR03216## ##STR03217## ##STR03218## ##STR03219## ##STR03220## ##STR03221## ##STR03222## ##STR03223## ##STR03224## ##STR03225## ##STR03226## ##STR03227## ##STR03228## ##STR03229## ##STR03230##

##STR03231## ##STR03232## ##STR03233## ##STR03234## ##STR03235## ##STR03236## ##STR03237## ##STR03238## ##STR03239## ##STR03240## ##STR03241## ##STR03242## ##STR03243## ##STR03244## ##STR03245## ##STR03246## ##STR03247## ##STR03248## ##STR03249## ##STR03250## ##STR03251## ##STR03252## ##STR03253## ##STR03254## ##STR03255## ##STR03256## ##STR03257## ##STR03258## ##STR03259## ##STR03260## ##STR03261## ##STR03262## ##STR03263## ##STR03264## ##STR03265## ##STR03266## ##STR03267## ##STR03268## ##STR03269## ##STR03270## ##STR03271## ##STR03272## ##STR03273## ##STR03274## ##STR03275## ##STR03276## ##STR03277## ##STR03278## ##STR03279## ##STR03280## ##STR03281## ##STR03282## ##STR03283## ##STR03284## ##STR03285## ##STR03286## ##STR03287## ##STR03288## ##STR03289## ##STR03290## ##STR03291## ##STR03292## ##STR03293## ##STR03294## ##STR03295## ##STR03296## ##STR03297## ##STR03298## ##STR03299## ##STR03300## ##STR03301## ##STR03302## ##STR03303## ##STR03304## ##STR03305## ##STR03306## ##STR03307## ##STR03308## ##STR03309## ##STR03310## ##STR03311## ##STR03312## ##STR03313## ##STR03314## ##STR03315## ##STR03316## ##STR03317## ##STR03318## ##STR03319## ##STR03320## ##STR03321## ##STR03322## ##STR03323## ##STR03324## ##STR03325## ##STR03326## ##STR03327## ##STR03328## ##STR03329## ##STR03330## ##STR03331## ##STR03332## ##STR03333## ##STR03334## ##STR03335## ##STR03336## ##STR03337## ##STR03338## ##STR03339## ##STR03340## ##STR03341## ##STR03342## ##STR03343## ##STR03344## ##STR03345##

##STR03346## ##STR03347## ##STR03348## ##STR03349## ##STR03350## ##STR03351## ##STR03352## ##STR03353## ##STR03354## ##STR03355## ##STR03356## ##STR03357## ##STR03358## ##STR03359## ##STR03360## ##STR03361## ##STR03362## ##STR03363## ##STR03364## ##STR03365## ##STR03366## ##STR03367## ##STR03368## ##STR03369## ##STR03370## ##STR03371## ##STR03372## ##STR03373## ##STR03374## ##STR03375## ##STR03376## ##STR03377## ##STR03378## ##STR03379## ##STR03380## ##STR03381## ##STR03382## ##STR03383## ##STR03384## ##STR03385## ##STR03386## ##STR03387## ##STR03388## ##STR03389## ##STR03390## ##STR03391## ##STR03392## ##STR03393## ##STR03394## ##STR03395## ##STR03396## ##STR03397## ##STR03398## ##STR03399## ##STR03400## ##STR03401## ##STR03402## ##STR03403## ##STR03404## ##STR03405## ##STR03406## ##STR03407## ##STR03408##

Electron Transport Region in Organic Layer 15

[0443] An electron transport region may be located on the emission layer.

[0444] The electron transport region may include at least one a hole-blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0445] For example, the electron transport region may have the structure of electron transport layer, electron transport layer/electron injection layer, buffer layer/electron transport layer, hole-blocking layer/electron transport layer, buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer or hole-blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region may further include an electron control layer. The electron transport layer may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more different materials.

[0446] Conditions for forming the hole-blocking layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer which constitute the electron transport region may be understood by referring to the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

[0447] The electron transport region may include a known electron transport material.

[0448] The electron transport region (for example, a buffer layer, a hole-blocking layer, an electron control layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-free compound containing at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group. The π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group is the same as described above.

[0449] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601:

[Ar.sub.601].sub.xe11-[(L.sub.601).sub.xe1-R.sub.601].sub.xe21  Formula 601

[0450] wherein, in Formula 601,

[0451] Ar.sub.601 and L.sub.601 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group,

[0452] xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

[0453] xe1 is an integer from 0 to 5,

[0454] R.sub.601 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q.sub.601)(Q.sub.602)(Q.sub.603), —C(═O)(Q.sub.601), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.601), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.601)(Q.sub.602),

[0455] Q.sub.601 to Q.sub.603 may each independently be a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and

[0456] xe21 is an integer from 1 to 5.

[0457] In one embodiment, at least one of Ar.sub.601(s) in the number of xe11 and R.sub.601(s) in the number of xe21 may include the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

[0458] In one embodiment, ring Ar.sub.601 and L.sub.601 in Formula 601 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.31), —P(═O)(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), or any combination thereof, wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

[0459] When xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or more, two or more of Ar.sub.601(s) may be linked to each other via a single bond.

[0460] In one or more embodiments, Ar.sub.601 in Formula 601 may be an anthracene group.

[0461] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 may be represented by Formula 601-1:

##STR03409##

[0462] wherein, in Formula 601-1,

[0463] X.sub.614 may be N or C(R.sub.614), X.sub.615 may be N or C(R.sub.615), X.sub.616 may be N or C(R.sub.616), and at least one of X.sub.614 to X.sub.616 may be N,

[0464] L.sub.611 to L.sub.613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with L.sub.601,

[0465] xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with xe1,

[0466] R.sub.611 to R.sub.613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with R.sub.601, and

[0467] R.sub.614 to R.sub.616 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

[0468] In one or more embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

[0469] In one or more embodiments, R.sub.601 and R.sub.611 to R.sub.613 in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, or an azacarbazolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, or an azacarbazolyl group; or

[0470] —S(═O).sub.2(Q.sub.601) or —P(═O)(Q.sub.601)(Q.sub.602),

[0471] wherein Q.sub.601 and Q.sub.602 are the same as described above.

[0472] When the electron transport region includes a hole-blocking layer, the hole-blocking layer may include, for example, at least one of BCP, Bphen, or any combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

##STR03410##

[0473] A thickness of the hole-blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thickness of the hole-blocking layer is within any of these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0474] The electron transport layer may include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq.sub.3, BAlq, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi), and NTAZ.

##STR03411##

[0475] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport layer may include at least one of ET1 to ET25, but are not limited thereto:

##STR03412## ##STR03413## ##STR03414## ##STR03415## ##STR03416## ##STR03417## ##STR03418## ##STR03419##

[0476] A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in the range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the range described above, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron transporting characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0477] The electron transport layer may include a metal-containing material in addition to the material as described above.

[0478] The metal-containing material may include at least one alkali metal complex and alkaline earth-metal complex. The alkali metal complex may include a metal ion including a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, a Rb ion, or a Cs ion, and the alkaline earth-metal complex may include a metal ion including a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, or a Ba ion. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth-metal complex may be a hydroxy quinoline, a hydroxy isoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, a hydroxy acridine, a hydroxy phenanthridine, a hydroxy phenyloxazole, a hydroxy phenylthiazole, a hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxy diphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxy phenylpyridine, a hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0479] The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2:

##STR03420##

[0480] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 19.

[0481] The electron injection layer may include at least one LiQ, LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li.sub.2O, BaO, or any combination thereof.

[0482] A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the ranges described above, satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0483] The second electrode 19 is located on the organic layer 15. The second electrode 19 may be a cathode. A material for forming the second electrode 19 may be a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof, which have a relatively low work function. For example, lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be used as the material for forming the second electrode 19. In one or more embodiments, to manufacture a top-emission type light-emitting device, a transmissive electrode formed using ITO or IZO may be used as the second electrode 19.

[0484] Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to the figures, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

EXPLANATION OF TERMS

[0485] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isoamyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group.

[0486] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group” used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA.sub.101 (wherein A.sub.101 is the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group), and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropoxy group.

[0487] The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group.

[0488] The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group. The term “C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.2-C.sub.0 alkynyl group.

[0489] The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group.

[0490] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom of N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, Te, B, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group.

[0491] The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group.

[0492] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom of N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, Te, B, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group.

[0493] The term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

[0494] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom of N, O, P, S, Se, Ge, Te, B, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group and the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

[0495] The term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group” as used herein indicates —OA.sub.102 (wherein A.sub.102 is a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group), and the term “C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group” as used herein indicates —SA.sub.103 (wherein A.sub.103 is a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group).

[0496] The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group described above.

[0497] The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 2 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed with each other, a heteroatom of N, O, P, Si, S, Se, Ge, Te, B, or any combination thereof, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group described above.

[0498] The term “C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, 5 to 30 carbon atoms only. The C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.

[0499] The term “C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom of N, O, Si, P, S, Se, Ge, Te, B, or any combination thereof other than 1 to 30 carbon atoms. The C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.

[0500] As used herein, the number of carbons in each group that is substituted (e.g., C.sub.1-C.sub.60) excludes the number of carbons in the substituent. For example, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group can be substituted with a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group. The total number of carbons included in the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group substituted with the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group is not limited to 60 carbons. In addition, more than one C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl substituent may be present on the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group. This definition is not limited to the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group and applies to all substituted groups that recite a carbon range.

[0501] At least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.30 carbocyclic group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 heterocyclic group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylthio group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:

[0502] deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group;

[0503] a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12), —Si(Q.sub.13)(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15), —B(Q.sub.16)(Q.sub.17), —P(═O)(Q.sub.18)(Q.sub.19), or any combination thereof;

[0504] a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

[0505] a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD.sub.3, —CD.sub.2H, —CDH.sub.2, —CF.sub.3, —CF.sub.2H, —CFH.sub.2, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22), —Si(Q.sub.23)(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25), —B(Q.sub.26)(Q.sub.27), —P(═O)(Q.sub.28)(Q.sub.29), or any combination thereof; or

[0506] —N(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32), —Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), —B(Q.sub.36)(Q.sub.37), or —P(═O)(Q.sub.38)(Q.sub.39),

[0507] wherein Q.sub.1 to Q, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.19, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.29, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.39 may each independently be: hydrogen; deuterium; —F; —Cl; —Br; —I; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amidino group; a hydrazine group; a hydrazone group; a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or any combination thereof; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group; a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, or any combination thereof; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group; a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group; a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group; or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0508] Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to embodiments are described in detail with reference to Synthesis Example and Examples. However, the organic light-emitting device is not limited thereto. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of B used was identical to an amount of A used based on molar equivalence.

EXAMPLES

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 2362

[0509] ##STR03421## ##STR03422##

Synthesis of Intermediate (A)

[0510] 6.30 g (9.97 mmol) of N-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,3-dichlorophenyl)-N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine, 2.06 g (13.0 mmol) of 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine, 0.457 g (0.499 mmol) of Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3, 0.409 g (0.996 mmol) of SPhos, and 1.44 g (15.0 mmol) of tBuONa were dissolved in 300 mL of xylene, and then, stirred for 7 hours at a temperature of 135° C. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted by adding 500 mL of ethyl acetate. The mixed solution was washed with 200 mL of a saturated ammonium chloride (NH.sub.4Cl) aqueous solution and 200 mL of a saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO.sub.4) and the resultant product was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The product obtained was separated by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:n-hexane=1:4) to obtain the target compound, Intermediate (A), in an amount of 4.20 g (yield of 56%).

[0511] LC-Mass (calculated: 735.27 g/mol, found: M+1=736 g/mol)

Synthesis of Intermediate (B)

[0512] 2.70 g (3.58 mmol) of Intermediate (A), 1.00 g (4.30 mmol) of 4-bromo-1,1′-biphenyl, 0.206 g (0.358 mmol) of Pd(dba).sub.2, 0.147 g (0.358 mmol) of SPhos, and tBuONa 0.516 g (5.37 mmol) were dissolved in 120 mL of toluene, and then, stirred for 12 hours at a temperature of 100° C. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted by adding 200 mL of ethyl acetate. The mixed solution was washed with 150 mL of a saturated ammonium chloride (NH.sub.4Cl) aqueous solution and 150 mL of a saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution. The organic layer was dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO.sub.4) and the resultant product was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The product obtained was separated by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:n-hexane=1:6) to obtain the target compound, Intermediate (B), in an amount of 1.10 g (yield of 41%).

[0513] LC-Mass (calculated: 905.33 g/mol, found: M+1=906 g/mol)

Synthesis of Compound 2362

[0514] Intermediate (B) 0.896 g (0.988 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of t-butylbenzene and cooled to −78° C. 1.45 mL of t-BuLi (1.7 M solution in pentane, 2.47 mmol) was slowly added thereto and stirred at 40° C. for 1 hour. After cooling to −78° C. again, 0.190 mL (1.98 mmol) of BBr.sub.3 was slowly added thereto, and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After the mixture was cooled to −78° C., 0.337 mL (1.98 mmol) of DIPEA was added slowly and stirred at 120° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., and 10 mL of methanol was added thereto to terminate the reaction. The solvent was removed through distillation under reduced pressure, and the obtained product was separated by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate:n-hexane=1:4) to obtain 0.22 g (yield of 25%) of Compound 2362 as the target compound.

[0515] LC-Mass (calculated: 879.35 g/mol, found: M+1=880 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 2361

[0516] ##STR03423##

[0517] Compound 2361 was synthesized in the same manner as used to prepare Compound 2362, except that 4-(tert-butyl)aniline was used instead of 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine and 5-bromo-1,2-diphenyl-1H-imidazole was used instead of 4-bromo-1,1′-biphenyl.

[0518] LC-Mass (calculated: 935.42 g/mol, found: M+1=936 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 37

[0519] ##STR03424##

[0520] Compound was obtained in the same manner as used to obtain Compound 2361 in the same manner as used to synthesize Compound 2361, except that N-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,3-dichlorophenyl)-N-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine was used instead of N-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,3-dichlorophenyl)-N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine, and [1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine) was used instead of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

[0521] LC-Mass (calculated: 1044.41 g/mol, found: M+1=1045 g/mol)

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 1968

[0522] ##STR03425##

[0523] Compound 1968 was synthesized in the same manner as used to synthesize Compound 2362, except that [1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine was used instead of 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine, and 5-bromo-2-phenyloxazole was used instead of 4-bromo-1,1′-biphenyl.

[0524] LC-Mass (calculated: 880.34 g/mol, found: M+1=881 g/mol)

Example 1-1

[0525] An ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.5 mm and then, sonicated in acetone isopropyl alcohol and pure water, each for 15 minutes, and then, washed by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light ozone for 30 minutes.

[0526] Then, HAT-CN was deposited on the ITO electrode (anode) on the glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å, NPB was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 500 Å, TCTA was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 50 Å, and mCP was deposited on the second hole transport layer to form an electron-blocking layer having a thickness of 50 Å.

[0527] A first host (H1), a second host (H2) and an emitter (Compound 2362) were co-deposited on the electron-blocking layer to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å. In this regard, the first host and the second host were mixed in a ratio of 60:40, and the emitter was adjusted to be 3 wt % based on the total weight of the first host, the second host, and the emitter.

[0528] DBFPO was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole-blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å, and then DBFPO and Liq were co-deposited thereon at a weight ratio of 5:5 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and then, Liq was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

##STR03426## ##STR03427##

Examples 1-2 to 1-4, and Comparative Example 1-1

[0529] Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that, the compounds shown in Table 8 were used instead of Compound 2362.

Example 2-1

[0530] A glass substrate with an ITO electrode located thereon was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.5 mm and then, sonicated in acetone isopropyl alcohol and pure water, each for 15 minutes, and then, washed by exposure to UV ozone for 30 minutes.

[0531] Then, HAT-CN was deposited on the ITO electrode (anode) on the glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å, NPB was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 500 Å, TCTA was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 50 Å, and mCP was deposited on the second hole transport layer to form an electron-blocking layer having a thickness of 50 Å.

[0532] A first host (H1), a second host (H2), a sensitizer (S-1), and an emitter (Compound 2362) were co-deposited on the electron-blocking layer to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å. At this time, the first host and the second host were mixed at a ratio of 60:40, and the amounts of the sensitizer and the emitter were adjusted to be 15 wt % and 1 wt %, respectively, based on the total weight of the first host, the second host, the sensitizer, and the emitter.

[0533] DBFPO was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole-blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å, and then DBFPO and Liq were co-deposited thereon at a weight ratio of 5:5 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and then, Liq was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

##STR03428## ##STR03429##

Example 2-2 to 2-4 and Comparative Example 2-1

[0534] Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that, the compounds shown in Table 9 were used instead of Compound 2362.

Evaluation Example 1: Characterization of Organic Light-Emitting Device

[0535] The driving voltage, maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE), and lifespan of the organic light-emitting devices prepared according to Examples 1-1 to 1-4 and Comparative Example 1-1 and Examples 2-1 to 2-4 and Comparative Example 2-1 were measured by using a current-voltmeter (Keithley 2400) and a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A). Results thereof are shown in Table 8 and Table 9. The maximum external quantum efficiency and lifespan were described as relative values (%).

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Lifespan Driving Maximum external (LT.sub.95) Compound voltage quantum efficiency (Relative No. (V) (Relative value, %) value, %) Example 1-1 2362 4.87 146 231 Example 1-2 2361 4.98 157 172 Example 1-3 37 4.77 125 190 Example 1-4 1968 5.02 108 143 Comparative C1 5.56 100 100 Example 1-1

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Lifespan Driving Maximum external (LT.sub.95) Compound voltage quantum efficiency (Relative No. (V) (Relative value, %) value, %) Example 2-1 2362 4.32 115 157 Example 2-2 2361 4.44 118 124 Example 2-3 37 4.21 108 130 Example 2-4 1968 1968 103 111 Comparative C1 4.59 100 100 Example 2-1

##STR03430##

[0536] From Table 8, it can be confirmed that the organic light-emitting devices according to Examples 1-1 to 1-4 have better characteristics than the organic light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 1-1 in terms of a driving voltage, maximum external quantum efficiency, and lifespan characteristics.

[0537] From Table 9, it can be confirmed that the organic light-emitting devices according to Examples 2-1 to 2-4 have better characteristics than the organic light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 2-1 in terms of a driving voltage, maximum external quantum efficiency, and lifespan characteristics.

[0538] By using the condensed cyclic compound, an organic light-emitting device having high efficiency and high color purity and an electronic apparatus including the same can be provided.

[0539] It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.