EXTRACORPOREAL BLOOD TREATMENT DEVICE

Abstract

The invention relates to an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus comprising a blood treatment unit 1 that is divided by a semipermeable membrane 2 into a first compartment 3, which is part of a fluid system II, and a second compartment 4, which is part of an extracorporeal blood circuit I. The invention also relates to a method for operating a blood treatment apparatus of this kind. The blood treatment apparatus according to the invention has a pressure-based checking device 32 which interacts with the control unit 31 for a valve device 21 and is designed such that a fluid connection between an upstream portion 20A and a downstream portion 20B of a flow path 20 for a special operating mode can only be established if the pressure-based checking device 32 detects an operating state in which it is ensured that fluid in the flow path 20 for a special operating mode flows towards a flow path 10 leading to a drain 11. This ensures that the fluid in question can only flow into the flow path 10 that leads to the drain 11, and cannot get into another flow path 8 in which fresh treatment fluid is located.

Claims

1-8. (canceled)

9. A method for operating an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus comprising that is divided by a semipermeable membrane into a first compartment which is part of a fluid system and a second compartment, which is part of an extracorporeal blood circuit comprising a first flow path that has at least one fluid line and is designed as a flow path for supplying a fresh treatment fluid from a fluid source to the first compartment of the blood treatment unit, and comprising a second flow path that has at least one fluid line and is designed as a flow path for discharging a used treatment fluid from the first compartment of the blood treatment unit to a drain, wherein before a flow connection is established between an upstream portion of an additional flow path for a special operating state and a downstream portion of the flow path for the special operating state which is in flow connection with the second flow path the upstream pressure in the upstream portion and the downstream pressure in the downstream portion of the additional flow path for the special operating state is measured, and the flow connection is only established if the upstream pressure is higher than the downstream pressure.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first flow path comprises a first filter which is divided into a first filter chamber and a second filter chamber by a semipermeable membrane an upstream portion of the first flow path connecting the fluid source to the first filter chamber of the filter and a downstream portion of the first flow path connecting the second filter chamber of the filter to an inlet of the first compartment of the blood treatment unit, of the first flow path to the second flow path via the additional flow path for the special operating mode only being established if the upstream pressure in the upstream portion is higher than the downstream pressure in the downstream portion of the additional flow path for the special operating mode.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the upstream pressure is measured by a pressure gauge arranged on the downstream portion of the first flow path and the downstream pressure is measured by a pressure gauge arranged on the second flow path.

12. The method according to any claim 9, wherein the extracorporeal blood circuit comprises an arterial blood line and a venous blood line, a fluid flow from the venous blood line to the second flow path via the additional flow path for the special operating state only being established if the upstream pressure in the upstream portion is higher than the downstream pressure in the downstream portion of the additional flow path for the special operating state.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the upstream pressure is measured by a pressure gauge arranged on the venous blood line, and the downstream pressure is measured by a pressure gauge arranged on the second flow path

14. The method according to claim 9, wherein the blood treatment unit is a dialyser which is divided into a dialysis fluid chamber and a blood chamber by the semipermeable membrane.

15. The method according to claim 9, wherein that the fluid which flows via the additional flow path for the special operating state is dialysis fluid or a flushing fluid.

Description

[0022] Two embodiments of the invention are explained in detail below with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0023] FIG. 1 is a highly simplified schematic view of an embodiment of the blood treatment apparatus according to the invention in which the flow direction of a fluid is monitored for controlling a first valve device; and

[0024] FIG. 2 is a highly simplified schematic view of an embodiment of the blood treatment apparatus according to the invention in which the flow direction of a fluid is monitored for controlling a second valve device.

[0025] The blood treatment apparatus, in particular a hemo(dia)filtration apparatus, is equipped for operation with a blood treatment unit 1, in particular a dialyser, which is divided into a first compartment 3, in particular a dialysis fluid chamber, and a second compartment 4, in particular a blood chamber, by a semipermeable membrane 2.

[0026] A blood supply line 5, into which a blood pump 6 is connected, leads to the inlet 4a of the blood chamber 4, while a blood return line 7 leads out from the outlet 4b of the blood chamber 4.

[0027] Together with the blood chamber 4, the blood supply line and blood discharge line 5, 7 form the extracorporeal blood circuit I of the blood treatment apparatus. The fluid system II of the blood treatment apparatus is described below. The blood supply and discharge line 5, 7 are part of a tube system that is connected to the blood treatment apparatus.

[0028] The fluid system II of the blood treatment apparatus, in particular the dialysis fluid system, comprises a dialysis fluid supply line 8 which leads from a dialysis fluid source 9 to an inlet 3a of the dialysis fluid chamber 3, and a dialysis fluid discharge line 10 which leads out from an outlet 3b of the dialysis fluid chamber 3 and leads to a drain 11. The dialysis fluid supply line 8 has a first portion 8A that leads from the dialysis fluid source 9 to the first filter chamber 12A of a first sterile filter 12, which is divided into the first filter chamber 12A and a second filter chamber 12B by a semipermeable membrane 12C. One chamber 13A of a balancing device 13 is connected into the first portion 8A of the dialysis fluid supply line 8. The second portion 8B of the dialysis fluid supply line 8, which leads to the dialysis fluid chamber 3, leads out from the second filter chamber 12B of the first sterile filter 12.

[0029] In order to obtain a substitute from the dialysis fluid, the hemo(dia)filtration apparatus can comprise a second sterile filter 14, which is divided into a first filter chamber 16 and a second filter chamber 17 by a semipermeable membrane 15. The first filter chamber 16 of the second sterile filter 14 is connected into the second portion 8B of the dialysis fluid supply line 8. The substitute line is not shown in FIG. 1.

[0030] The dialysis fluid discharge line 10 divides into two portions 10A and 10B which lead to the drain 11. A dialysis fluid pump 18 is connected into the first portion 10A, while an ultrafiltrate pump 19 is connected into the second portion 10B. In addition, the other chamber 13B of the balancing device 13 is connected into the second portion 10B.

[0031] During blood treatment, fresh dialysis fluid flows from the dialysis fluid source 9 into the dialysis fluid chamber 3 and used dialysis fluid flows out of the dialysis fluid chamber 3 into the drain 11. The dialysis fluid supply line represents a first flow path 8 in which fresh dialysis fluid flows from the dialysis fluid source 9 to the dialysis fluid chamber 3, while the dialysis fluid discharge line represents a second flow path 10 in which used dialysis fluid flows from the dialysis fluid chamber 3 to the drain 11. The flow paths form all the portions of the relevant lines, including the components connected into the lines.

[0032] A bypass line 20 which leads to the dialysis fluid discharge line 10 branches off the second portion 8B of the dialysis fluid supply line 8 downstream of the second filter chamber 12B of the first sterile filter 11. A first valve device 21, which has an electromagnetically activatable shut-off member 21A, is connected into the second bypass line 20. The bypass line represent a flow path 20 which is provided for a special operating mode. This operating mode can, for example, be a malfunction, e.g. detection of an incorrect composition of the dialysis fluid, which can be detected by measuring conductivity. If this malfunction occurs, the shut-off member 21A of the first valve device 21 is opened so that the dialysis fluid can be guided into the drain 11 while bypassing the dialyser 3. To isolate the dialyser 3, a shut-off member 22 is provided upstream and a shut-off member 23 is provided downstream of the dialysis fluid chamber 3.

[0033] The line portion of the bypass line 20 that is connected to the dialysis fluid supply line 8 will hereinafter be referred to as the upstream portion 20A, and the line portion of the bypass line 20 that is connected to the dialysis fluid discharge line 10 will be referred to as the downstream portion of the flow path 20 for a special operating mode.

[0034] The second filter chamber of the second sterile filter 14 is connected to the dialysis fluid discharge line 10 via a connecting line 24. A second valve device 25 which has an electromagnetically activatable shut-off member 25A is connected into the connecting line 10. A connection piece 26 (port) to which the venous blood line 7A (FIG. 2) can be connected in order to flush the venous blood line 7A is located upstream of this shut-off member 25A. A shut-off member 27 which is closed for the flushing process is provided upstream of the connection piece 26. Flushing the venous blood line 7A is another example of a special operating mode which will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 2.

[0035] Additional lines, shut-off members or connection pieces (ports) can also be provided, but are not important for understanding the invention: for example the line denoted by reference sign 28 and the shut-off members 29, 30 or the connection piece 35 (port).

[0036] The blood treatment apparatus has a control unit 31 which is configured such that the shut-off members 21A and 25A of the first and the second valve device 21, 25, respectively, can be opened or closed. The control lines for the electromagnetically activatable shut-off members 21A and 25A of the first and the second valve device 21, 25, respectively, are denoted by reference signs 21, 25 in FIGS. 1 and 2. The control unit 31 can also actuate the other shut-off members.

[0037] The blood treatment apparatus has a checking device 32 which comprises an evaluation unit 32A that receives the measurement signal from a first pressure gauge 33 and the measurement signal from a second pressure gauge 34.

[0038] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the first pressure gauge 33 is arranged on the downstream portion 8B of the dialysis fluid supply line 8 and measures the pressure P.sub.1 in this line portion, while the second pressure gauge 34 is arranged on the dialysis fluid discharge line 10 upstream of the dialysis fluid pump 18 and the ultrafiltrate pump 19 and measures the pressure P.sub.2 in this line portion. The two pressure gauges 33, 34 are connected to the checking device 32 via signal lines 33, 34.

[0039] The first and the second shut-off member 21A, 25B are closed during blood treatment. If a special operating mode is specified, the control unit 31 receives a control signal to open the first or second shut-off member 21A, 25B. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the control unit 31 receives a control signal to open the first or second shut-off member from a central control and arithmetic unit (not shown) of the blood treatment apparatus, which unit controls the preparation of the blood treatment apparatus for blood treatment and the blood treatment itself.

[0040] The evaluation unit 32A calculates the difference between the pressure P.sub.1 measured by the first pressure gauge 33 and the pressure P.sub.2 measured by the second pressure gauge 34 and generates an enabling signal received by the control unit 31 if the difference is greater than 0, i.e. P.sub.1>P.sub.2. The control unit 31 only opens the first or second shut-off member 21A or 25A if it receives both the corresponding control signal for the first or second shut-off member from the central control and arithmetic unit and the enabling signal from the evaluation unit 32A.

[0041] If the control unit 31 receives the corresponding control signal for the bypass operating mode, a flow connection is only established between the upstream and downstream portion 20A, 20B of the flow path 20 for this special operating mode if the pressure P.sub.1>P.sub.2, so that it is ensured that fresh dialysis fluid flows from the first flow path 8 into the second flow pad 10 and thus into the drain 11. If the pressure P.sub.1<P.sub.2, the enabling signal is not generated, so that there is no danger that used dialysis fluid from the second flow path 10 will get into the first flow path 8 for fresh dialysis fluid. In FIG. 1, the flow direction for the dialysis fluid when the shut-off member 21A of the first valve device 21 is open is indicated by arrows. Other operating states can also be taken into account for the bypass operation. For example, no unphysiological dialysis fluid may get into the dialyser 1. If P.sub.1<P.sub.2, suitable measures can be taken to increase the pressure P.sub.1 in the first flow path 8. These measures can involve closing the shut-off member 22 in the first flow path 8 upstream of the dialysis fluid chamber 3 of the dialyser 1. If the shut-off member 22 has been closed, so that P.sub.1>P.sub.2, the shut-off member 21 can be opened. The shut-off member 29 can also be opened instead of the shut-off member 21.

[0042] FIG. 2 shows the extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus from FIG. 1 with the venous tube line 7A connected to the connection piece 26, in order to prepare for the blood treatment, such that a flushing fluid can flow through the venous blood line 7A to the drain 11 when the shut-off member 25A of the second valve device 25 is open. To flush the venous blood line 7A, the shut-off member 27 upstream of the shut-off member 25A of the second valve device 25 is closed. In this embodiment, the first pressure gauge is a pressure gauge 33(2) which is arranged on the venous blood line 7A and measures the pressure P.sub.1 in this line upstream of the shut-off member 25A of the second valve device 25. The second pressure gauge, as in the first embodiment from FIG. 1, is a pressure gauge 34 which is arranged on the dialysis fluid discharge line 10 and measures the pressure P.sub.2 in this line.

[0043] If the venous blood line 7A is connected to the connection piece 26 and the control unit 31 receives the corresponding control signal for the special operating mode flushing the blood line, the shut-off member 25A of the second valve device 25 is only opened if the pressure P.sub.1>P.sub.2, so that it is ensured that flushing fluid can only flow towards the second flow path 10. In FIG. 2, the flow direction for the flushing fluid when the shut-off member 25A of the second valve device 25 is open is indicated by arrows.

[0044] Only one of the two embodiments may be implemented in a blood treatment apparatus.

[0045] However, it is also possible for both embodiments to be implemented. The flow direction can also be monitored in other critical flow paths by means of the checking device according to the invention. In this sense, the two operating modes described should be understood only as one embodiment for a critical flow path.