WATER RESCUE FLOTATION SYSTEMS

Abstract

Rescue flotation systems for use in near-shore and offshore environments to assist with rescue of individuals in dangerous aquatic conditions are disclosed. The rescue flotation systems include a flotation body having a grabbable ring positioned around an outer perimeter, an internal storage compartment, an emergency call actuator configured to trigger a distress response upon activation by a person in distress, a location tracker, a communications system configured to transmit a wireless distress signal including the location to responders upon activation, a distress indicator configured to emit a local visual and/or audible distress signal upon activation, and a power supply (e.g., solar panel) configured to power the location tracker, the communications system, and the distress indicator. Some of the rescue flotation systems further include life-sustaining and first-aid supplies stored in the internal storage compartment.

Claims

1. A near-shore rescue flotation system, comprising: a flotation body having a grabbable ring positioned around an outer perimeter of the flotation body above a water line when the near-shore rescue flotation system is floating, wherein the flotation body comprises: an internal storage compartment within the flotation body; an emergency call actuator positioned on an outer surface of the flotation body, wherein the emergency call actuator is configured to trigger a distress response upon activation by a person in distress; a location tracker housed in the internal storage compartment, wherein the location tracker is configured to provide location data of the near-shore rescue flotation system; a communications system housed in the internal storage compartment, wherein the communications system is configured to transmit a wireless distress signal to a remote electronic device as part of the distress response upon activation of the emergency call actuator, wherein the wireless distress signal includes the location data of the near-shore rescue flotation system; a distress indicator configured to emit a local distress signal as part of the distress response upon activation of the emergency call actuator; and a power supply configured to power the location tracker, the communications system, and the distress indicator.

2. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the emergency call actuator comprises a call button.

3. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the emergency call actuator comprises a switch.

4. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the location tracker comprises a global-positioning system (GPS).

5. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the communications system comprises an emergency position-indicating radio beacon (EPIRB).

6. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, further comprising an anchor configured to maintain a position of the near-shore rescue flotation system.

7. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the internal storage compartment is accessible via an access panel.

8. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the flotation body further comprises a hollow core portion.

9. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 8, wherein the hollow core portion comprises the internal storage compartment.

10. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 8, wherein the hollow core portion comprises a ballast weight.

11. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, further comprising an anchor attached to a bottom portion of the flotation body.

12. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the power supply comprises a solar panel positioned on the outer surface of the flotation body and electrically coupled to a rechargeable battery.

13. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein a first outer perimeter of the flotation body below the water line is larger than a second outer perimeter of the flotation body above the water line.

14. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the flotation body further comprises a tow point positioned on the outer surface of the flotation body.

15. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the flotation body is made of a rigid, non-inflatable material.

16. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the flotation body further comprises internal buoyant material.

17. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 1, wherein the distress indicator includes a visual indicator comprising a light, a signal beacon, a strobe, or an infrared (IR) beacon.

18. A near-shore rescue flotation system, comprising: a flotation body having a grabbable ring positioned around an outer perimeter of the flotation body above a water line when the near-shore rescue flotation system is floating, wherein the flotation body comprises: a removable access panel, wherein the removable access panel is removably attached to the flotation body; a tow point positioned on an outer surface of the flotation body, wherein the tow point is configured to receive a towline to tow the near-shore rescue flotation system by a watercraft; an internal storage compartment within the flotation base, wherein the internal storage compartment is configured to house a portable handheld communications system, and wherein the internal storage compartment is accessible when the removable access panel is detached from the flotation body; and a plurality of handholds positioned on the outer surface of the base.

19. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 18, further comprising an emergency call actuator positioned on the outer surface of the flotation body, wherein the emergency call actuator is electrically connected to the portable handheld communications system.

20. The near-shore rescue flotation system of claim 18, further comprising a distress indicator configured to emit a local distress signal as part of the distress response upon activation of distress indicator.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The embodiments illustrated, described, and discussed herein are illustrative of the present disclosure. As these embodiments are described with reference to illustrations, various modifications or adaptations of the methods and or specific structures described may become apparent to those skilled in the art. It will be appreciated that modifications and variations are covered by the above teachings and within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and intended scope thereof. All such modifications, adaptations, or variations that rely upon the teachings of the subject matter described herein, and through which these teachings have advanced the art, are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Hence, these descriptions and drawings should not be considered in a limiting sense, as it is understood that the present disclosure is in no way limited to only the embodiments illustrated.

[0014] FIG. 1A depicts a near-shore rescue flotation system according to a first embodiment of the subject matter disclosed herein.

[0015] FIG. 1B depicts a component view of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 1A.

[0016] FIG. 1C depicts a top view of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 1A.

[0017] FIG. 1D depicts an example schematic diagram of the internal storage compartment of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 1A.

[0018] FIG. 2A depicts a near-shore rescue flotation system according to a second embodiment of the subject matter disclosed herein.

[0019] FIG. 2B depicts a top view of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 2A.

[0020] FIG. 3A depicts a near-shore rescue flotation system according to a third embodiment of the subject matter disclosed herein.

[0021] FIG. 3B depicts an open view of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 3A.

[0022] FIG. 3C depicts a schematic diagram of the electronics of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 3A.

[0023] FIG. 3D depicts a top view of the rescue flotation system shown in FIGS. 3A-3C.

[0024] FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary positioning of a near-shore rescue flotation system positioned near a shore or beach front according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein.

[0025] FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary positioning of a plurality of near-shore rescue flotation systems near an inlet or channel according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein.

[0026] FIG. 6A depicts a top view of an offshore rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein.

[0027] FIG. 6B depicts a side view of the offshore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 6A.

[0028] FIG. 6C depicts a side view of the offshore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 6A, including a person positioned underneath the shelter.

[0029] FIG. 6D depicts a rear view of the offshore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 6A.

[0030] FIG. 6E depicts a component view of the offshore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 6A.

[0031] FIG. 7 depicts a system block diagram of a communications system of a rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein.

[0032] FIG. 8 depicts a block diagram of a remote server of a rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein.

[0033] FIG. 9 depicts a block diagram of a personal computer of a rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein.

[0034] FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of a mobile device of a rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein.

[0035] FIG. 11 depicts a block diagram of an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device of a rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] These descriptions are presented with sufficient details to provide an understanding of one or more particular embodiments of broader inventive subject matters. These descriptions expound upon and exemplify particular features of those particular embodiments without limiting the inventive subject matters to the explicitly described embodiments and features. Considerations in view of these descriptions will likely give rise to additional and similar embodiments and features without departing from the scope of the inventive subject matters. Although the term step may be expressly used or implied relating to features of processes or methods, no implication is made of any particular order or sequence among such expressed or implied steps unless an order or sequence is explicitly stated.

[0037] Any dimensions expressed or implied in the drawings and these descriptions are provided for exemplary purposes. Thus, not all embodiments within the scope of the drawings and these descriptions are made according to such exemplary dimensions. The drawings are not made necessarily to scale. Thus, not all embodiments within the scope of the drawings and these descriptions are made according to the apparent scale of the drawings with regard to relative dimensions in the drawings.

[0038] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which the presently disclosed subject matter pertains. Although any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the presently disclosed subject matter, representative methods, devices, and materials are now described.

[0039] Following long-standing patent law convention, the terms a, an, and the refer to one or more when used in the subject specification, including the claims. Thus, for example, reference to a device can include a plurality of such devices, and so forth.

[0040] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of components, conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term about. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the instant specification and attached claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the presently disclosed subject matter.

[0041] FIG. 1A depicts a near-shore rescue flotation system according to a first embodiment of the subject matter disclosed herein. The embodiment shown in FIG. 1A is configured for near-shore operation in manned or unmanned areas in the water. The near-shore rescue flotation system 100 includes flotation body 102, grabbable ring 104, emergency call actuator 106, access panel 108, antenna 110, audible indicator 111, visual indicator 112, tow point 113, solar panel 114, and one or more grabbable portions 115.

[0042] Flotation body 102 may be a shell made of a rigid, non-inflatable material such as rotomolded polyethylene or carbon fiber. The rigid material of flotation body 102 is selected to withstand the elements of sea water, waves, sea air, storms, and the like. In various embodiments, flotation body 102 may be filled with or otherwise comprise an internal buoyant material, such as foam or other type of insulating material.

[0043] Grabbable ring 104 is positioned around an outer perimeter of the flotation body 102 above the water line when the near-shore rescue flotation system is floating. In various embodiments, grabbable ring 104 may be made of a rigid material, such as stainless steel, rotomolded polyethylene, or carbon fiber. In various embodiments, grabbable ring 104 may be made of a flexible material, such as rope or nylon webbing.

[0044] Emergency call actuator 106 is configured to trigger a distress response upon activation by a person in distress. The distress response includes activating the communications system to transmit a wireless distress signal. The distress response further includes activating a distress indicator to emit a local distress signal. The local distress signal may be a visual distress signal emitted by visual indicator 112 and/or an audible distress signal emitted by audible indicator 111. In various embodiments, emergency call actuator 106 may be a pressure-sensitive call button or a mechanical lever or other type of switch, such as a toggle switch or a rocker switch, that requires activation. Emergency call actuator 106, in whatever form is selected, may include an anti-tamper device such as a lid, cover, or latch to prevent inadvertent activation of the emergency response system. The mechanical lever or switch may be used, for example, to prevent birds from accidentally triggering the distress response by landing on a call button or pecking at a call button with their beaks.

[0045] Access panel 108 may be a lid or other type of cover mechanism in flotation body 102. Access panel 108 may be removable, such as by a threaded connection. Access panel 108 may be in a hinged configuration relative to flotation body 102. Access panel 108 may include antenna 110, audible indicator 111, visual indicator 112, and solar panel 114.

[0046] Antenna 110 is positioned on the outside of flotation body 102 near the top for maximum effectiveness in sending and receiving data, and is electrically coupled to communications systems 124 (not shown in FIG. 1A; see FIG. 1D), which, in some embodiments is stored within flotation body 102 (as described in more detail below).

[0047] Audible indicator 111 may be a speaker, a siren, or a horn, or any other type of audible signal that can be heard by rescuers. The audible indicator 111, upon activation by emergency call actuator 106, generates an audible signal that improves the ability to locate the near-shore rescue flotation system.

[0048] Visual indicator 112 may be a light, a signal beacon, a strobe, an infrared (IR) beacon, or any other type of visual signal that can be seen by rescuers. The visual indicator 112, upon activation by emergency call actuator 106, generates a visual signal that improves the visibility of the near-shore rescue flotation system.

[0049] Grabbable portions 115 enable individuals, such as lifeguards, the Coast Goard, or other boaters to grab the near-shore rescue flotation system from a watercraft, such as a jet-ski or boat. In at least one embodiment, one or more of the grabbable portions is recessed in flotation body 102.

[0050] In at least one embodiment, the near-shore rescue flotation system further includes tow point 113, which may include an anchor point such as an eye bolt or other anchor point to which a tow line can be attached. Tow point 113 may be recessed inwardly toward the interior of the flotation body 102 such that the anchor point is flush with the outer shell of flotation body 102, making it so that tow point 113 does not protrude beyond flotation body 102. This enables individuals, for example, lifeguards, to tow the near-shore rescue flotation system while traveling using a watercraft (e.g., boat, jet ski) and/or to attach a tow rope to the near-shore rescue flotation system to drag it to a new location.

[0051] The near-shore rescue flotation system 100 may be towed by a jet ski or other watercraft (e.g., operated by a local lifeguard) to periodically reposition it in a manned or unmanned area. This may be performed using a hook ring or eye that allows the near-shore rescue flotation system to be attached to a tow vehicle. This allows the near-shore rescue flotation system to be beneficially positioned where needed. Similarly, it may be positioned in open water during sporting events, such as swimming races, triathlons, surfing competitions, and the like, or military training.

[0052] FIG. 1B depicts a component view of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 1A. Referring to FIG. 1B, access panel 108 includes threading 116 for creating a removable connection to flotation body 102. The threading 116 of access panel 108 is configured to engage a threaded opening 118 near the top of flotation body 102. As mentioned above, interior 120 of flotation body 102 can include an internal buoyant or insulating material (e.g., foam). As shown in FIG. 1B, flotation body 102 includes a hollow core 122 that forms a watertight internal storage compartment. The internal storage compartment houses communications system 124. Hollow core 122 further includes a ballast weight 126, and an attachment mechanism 128 (e.g., wing nut) for attaching a plate 130 (e.g., aluminum, ballast) to the ballast weight 126. The near-shore rescue flotation system further includes an anchor eye bolt 132 for attaching an anchor or other mechanism to keep the near-shore rescue flotation system at its desired location, such as a drift sock or a tie-off to a fixed cable. The near-shore rescue flotation system may further include a series of eye bolts 134 around the perimeter of flotation body 102 for attaching grabbable ring 104, a corresponding steel plate 136, and a corresponding fastener 138 (e.g., nut).

[0053] FIG. 1C depicts a top view of the near-shore rescue flotation system as shown in FIG. 1A.

[0054] FIG. 1D depicts an example schematic diagram of the internal storage compartment of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 1A. As discussed above, the internal storage compartment is configured to house communications system 124. The communications system 124 may include a cellular communications system 146, a satellite communications system 148, a location tracker 150, such as global positioning system (GPS), and/or EPIRB system 152 for wireless communications with emergency responders. The wireless communications include, but are not limited to, VHF, radio-frequency (RF), 3G, 4G, and/or 5G cellular, satellite telemetry, and other similar communication methods.

[0055] Power supply 140 (e.g., battery) is configured to power communications system 124. Emergency call actuator 106 is electrically coupled to and configured to activate communications system 124, and antenna 110 is electrically coupled to and configured to send and/or receive signals to/from communications system 124. Power supply 140 and emergency call actuator 106 are electrically coupled to audible indicator 111 (e.g., speaker) and visual indicator 112 (e.g., strobe light, signal beacon), both of which are configured to alert rescuers. Solar panel 114 is electrically coupled to and configured to provide power to power supply 140, communications system 124, audible indicator 111, and/or visual indicator 112. In at least one aspect, the power supply 140 includes a removable battery. The removable battery may include a renewable (i.e., rechargeable) or a non-renewable battery. The removable aspect enables individuals to transport the power supply or battery as needed.

[0056] Communications system 124 is discussed in more detail below.

[0057] FIG. 2A depicts a near-shore rescue flotation system according to a second embodiment of the subject matter disclosed herein. The embodiment shown in FIG. 2A is configured for near-shore operation in manned or unmanned areas in the water. The near-shore rescue flotation system 200 includes flotation body 202, grabbable ring 204, anchor 206, emergency call actuator 208, power supply 210 (e.g., battery), alert indicator 212 (e.g., audible indicator, visual indicator), solar panel 214, and communications system 124. The grabbable ring 204 runs along a perimeter of the flotation body 202. Communications system 124 is configured to send data to and/or receive data from emergency responder remote devices, as described in more detail below.

[0058] Flotation body 202 may be a shell made of a rigid, non-inflatable material such as rotomolded polyethylene or carbon fiber. The rigid material of flotation body 202 is selected to withstand the elements of sea water, waves, sea air, storms, and the like. In various embodiments, flotation body 202 may be filled with or otherwise comprise an internal buoyant material, such as foam or other type of insulating material.

[0059] Grabbable ring 204 is positioned around an outer perimeter of flotation body 202 above the water line when the near-shore rescue flotation system is floating. In various embodiments, grabbable ring 204 may be made of a rigid material, such as stainless steel, rotomolded polyethylene, or carbon fiber. In various embodiments, grabbable ring 204 may be made of a flexible material, such as rope or nylon webbing.

[0060] Anchor 206 is attached to flotation body 202 and is configured to keep near-shore rescue flotation system 200 stationary.

[0061] Emergency call actuator 208 is configured to trigger a distress response upon activation by a person in distress. The distress response includes activating the communications system to transmit a wireless distress signal. The distress response further includes activating a distress indicator to emit a local distress signal. The local distress signal may be a visual distress signal and/or an audible distress signal emitted by alert indicator 212. In various embodiments, emergency call actuator 208 may be a pressure-sensitive call button or a mechanical lever or other type of switch, such as a toggle switch or a rocker switch, that requires activation. Emergency call actuator 208, in whatever form is selected, may include an anti-tamper device such as a lid, cover, or latch to prevent inadvertent activation of the emergency response system. The mechanical lever or switch may be used, for example, to prevent birds from accidentally triggering the distress response by landing on a call button or pecking at a call button with their beaks.

[0062] Power supply 210 (e.g., battery) is configured to power communications system 124. Emergency call actuator 208 is electrically coupled to and configured to activate communications system 124. Power supply 210 and emergency call actuator 208 are electrically coupled to alert indicator 212 (e.g., audible indicator, visual indicator), which is configured to alert rescuers. Solar panel 214 is electrically coupled to and configured to provide power to power supply 210, communications system 124, and/or alert indicator 212. In at least one aspect, power supply 210 includes a removable battery. The removable battery may include a renewable (i.e., rechargeable) or a non-renewable battery. The removable aspect enables individuals to transport the power supply or battery as needed.

[0063] Alert indicator 212 may include an audible indicator such as a speaker, a siren, or a horn, or any other type of audible signal that can be heard by rescuers. Alert indicator 212 may further include a visual indicator such as a light, a signal beacon, a strobe, an infrared (IR) beacon, or any other type of visual signal that can be seen by rescuers. Alert indicator 212, upon activation by emergency call actuator 208, generates a signal that improves the ability to locate the near-shore rescue flotation system.

[0064] Communications system 124 is discussed in more detail below.

[0065] FIG. 2B depicts a top view of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 2A. Referring to FIG. 2B, flotation body 202, grabbable ring 204, alert indicator 212, solar panel 214, and communications system 124 are shown (from the top view). Grabbable ring runs 204 along a perimeter of the flotation body 202.

[0066] FIG. 3A depicts a near-shore rescue flotation system according to a third embodiment of the subject matter disclosed herein. The embodiment shown in FIG. 3A is configured for near-shore operation in manned or unmanned areas in the water. The near-shore rescue flotation system 300 includes flotation body 302, grabbable ring 304, emergency call actuator 306, top receiving portion 308 (not shown in FIG. 3A; see FIG. 3B), removable top 310, a plurality of footholds 312, and a detachable anchor 324.

[0067] Flotation body 302 may be a shell made of a rigid, non-inflatable material such as rotomolded polyethylene or carbon fiber. The rigid material of flotation body 302 is selected to withstand the elements of sea water, waves, sea air, storms, and the like. In various embodiments, flotation body 302 may be filled with or otherwise comprise an internal buoyant material, such as foam or other type of insulating material.

[0068] Grabbable ring 304 is positioned around an outer perimeter of flotation body 302 above the water line when the near-shore rescue flotation system is floating. In various embodiments, grabbable ring 304 may be made of a rigid material, such as stainless steel, rotomolded polyethylene, or carbon fiber. In various embodiments, grabbable ring 304 may be made of a flexible material, such as rope or nylon webbing.

[0069] Top receiving portion 308 is operable to receive removable top 310. Removable top 310 includes antenna 320, alert indicator 321, and solar panel 322. Alert indicator 321 may include an audible indicator such as a speaker, a siren, or a horn, or any other type of audible signal that can be heard by rescuers. Alert indicator 321 may further include a visual indicator such as a light, a signal beacon, a strobe, an infrared (IR) beacon, or any other type of visual signal that can be seen by rescuers. Alert indicator 321, upon activation by emergency call actuator 306, generates a signal that improves the ability to locate the near-shore rescue flotation system.

[0070] Emergency call actuator 306 is electrically connected to and configured to activate communications system 124 (not shown in FIG. 3A; see FIG. 3C) and/or alert indicator 321. Communications system 124 and antenna 320 are configured to send data to and/or receive data from emergency responder remote devices, as described in more detail below. Emergency call actuator 306 is configured to trigger a distress response upon activation by a person in distress. The distress response includes activating the communications system to transmit a wireless distress signal. The distress response further includes activating a distress indicator to emit a local distress signal. The local distress signal may be a visual distress signal and/or an audible distress signal emitted by alert indicator 321. In various embodiments, emergency call actuator 306 may be a pressure-sensitive call button or a mechanical lever or other type of switch, such as a toggle switch or a rocker switch, that requires activation. Emergency call actuator 306, in whatever form is selected, may include an anti-tamper device such as a lid, cover, or latch to prevent inadvertent activation of the emergency response system. The mechanical lever or switch may be used, for example, to prevent birds from accidentally triggering the distress response by landing on a call button or pecking at a call button with their beaks.

[0071] The plurality of footholds 312 are each configured to receive a foot of an individual, which improves the ability of an individual to hold on to flotation body 302.

[0072] FIG. 3B depicts an open view of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 3A.

[0073] FIG. 3C depicts a schematic diagram of the electronics of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 3A. Power supply 314 (e.g., battery) is electrically coupled to and configured to power communications system 124. Communications system 124 is electrically coupled to antenna 320. Emergency call actuator 306 is electrically coupled to and configured to activate communications system 124. Power supply 314 and emergency call actuator 306 are electrically coupled to alert indicator 321 (e.g., audible indicator, visual indicator), which is configured to alert rescuers. Solar panel 322 is electrically coupled to and configured to provide power to power supply 314, communications system 124, and/or alert indicator 321. In at least one aspect, power supply 314 includes a removable battery. The removable battery may include a renewable (i.e., rechargeable) or a non-renewable battery. The removable aspect enables individuals to transport the power supply or battery as needed.

[0074] Communications system 124 is discussed in more detail below.

[0075] FIG. 3D depicts a top view of the near-shore rescue flotation system shown in FIGS. 3A-3C.

[0076] FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary positioning of a near-shore rescue flotation system positioned near a shore or beach front according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein. The near-shore rescue flotation system 400 is positioned in washout zone 402 of a riptide (shown by arrow 404) in a surf zone 406 that runs from shore 408 (e.g., beachfront). Near-shore rescue flotation system 400 may be near-shore rescue flotation system 100 described in the context of FIGS. 1A-1D, near-shore rescue flotation system 200 described in the context of FIGS. 2A-2B, or near-shore rescue flotation system 300 described in the context of FIGS. 3A-3D.

[0077] FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary positioning of a plurality of near-shore rescue flotation systems near an inlet or channel according one or more embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein. Referring to FIG. 5, channel 504 is positioned between two land strips 506 and has a current shown by arrows 508. The plurality of near-shore rescue flotation systems 500 are positioned near an outlet 502 of a channel 504. Advantageously, the plurality of near-shore rescue flotation systems 500 are positioned to receive individuals that are caught in the current of the channel 504. Near-shore rescue flotation systems 500 may be near-shore rescue flotation system 100 described in the context of FIGS. 1A-1D, near-shore rescue flotation system 200 described in the context of FIG. 2A-2B, or near-shore rescue flotation system 300 described in the context of FIGS. 3A-3D.

[0078] FIG. 6A depicts a top view of an offshore rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein. The offshore rescue flotation system is designed to be positioned near offshore facilities (e.g., oil rig, commercial fishing) to improve the survival and rescue of facility personnel during emergency situations. The offshore rescue flotation system 600 includes grabbable ring 602, flotation base 604 with recessed grab holds 605, stanchion 606, and shelter 608 with one or more drainage ports 610.

[0079] Grabbable ring 602 runs around the perimeter of flotation base 604 and is easily grabbed by swimmers. In various embodiments, grabbable ring 602 may be made of a rigid material, such as stainless steel or hard polyethylene, or grabbable ring 602 may be a flexible material, such as rope or nylon webbing.

[0080] Flotation base 604 is constructed of a non-inflatable material, such as polyethylene, wood, steel, fiberglass, or the like, and is configured to be buoyant.

[0081] Stanchion 606 may be a pylon, mast, post, or the like. Flotation base 604 and/or stanchion 606 may be hollow to provide one or more internal storage compartments to house survival materials and electronic equipment, such as a communications system.

[0082] Shelter 608 is connected at a distal end of flotation base 604 to create a lean-to or tent-like structure under which people can sit or lie to get out of the elements (e.g., wind, rain, waves, sun). Shelter 608 may be made of a waterproof or water-resistant material, such as polyethylene, aluminum, tarpaulin, or nylon. The offshore rescue flotation system further includes an open section for individuals to climb onto the flotation base 604 and also serves as a rescue platform for helicopter extraction.

[0083] The offshore rescue flotation system is modular and scalable, designed to survive adverse sea conditions, provide life sustainment, and support emergency communications.

[0084] FIG. 6B depicts a side view of the offshore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 6A. Referring to FIG. 6B, the offshore rescue flotation system 600 includes at least one solar panel 612, internal storage compartment 614 that houses communications system 124 (as described in more detail below), life-sustaining supplies and first-aid supplies, a plurality of fins 616, anchor 618, and at least one antenna 620.

[0085] In some embodiments, stanchion 606 includes antenna 620 and solar panel 612 positioned at the distal end. Internal storage compartment 614 is inside stanchion 606, which allows for people on the offshore rescue flotation system to access communications system 124 (not shown in FIG. 6B; see FIG. 6E), life-sustaining supplies, and first-aid supplies from within shelter 608.

[0086] Fins 616 are positioned underneath flotation base 604 opposite shelter 608, and they are positioned such that they cause the offshore rescue flotation system to turn itself into the current to provide protection of the people onboard from, for example, waves and/or wind.

[0087] FIG. 6C depicts a side view of the offshore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 6A, including a person positioned underneath the shelter.

[0088] FIG. 6D depicts a rear view of the offshore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 6A.

[0089] FIG. 6E depicts a component view of the offshore rescue flotation system shown in FIG. 6A. Referring to FIG. 6E, stanchion 606 comprises solar panel 612, antenna 620, alert indicator 625 at the distal end of stanchion 606, internal storage compartment 614 that houses communications system 124, emergency call actuator 630, and power supply 626.

[0090] Solar panel 612 is electrically coupled to and configured to provide power to power supply 626, communications system 124, and/or alert indicator 625. In at least one aspect, power supply 626 includes a removable battery. The removable battery may include a renewable (i.e., rechargeable) or a non-renewable battery. The removable aspect enables individuals to transport the power supply or battery as needed.

[0091] Alert indicator 625 may include an audible indicator such as a speaker, a siren, or a horn, or any other type of audible signal that can be heard by rescuers. Alert indicator 625 may further include a visual indicator such as a light, a signal beacon, a strobe, an infrared (IR) beacon, or any other type of visual signal that can be seen by rescuers. Alert indicator 625, upon activation by emergency call actuator 630, generates a signal that improves the ability to locate the offshore rescue flotation system.

[0092] Emergency call actuator 630 is positioned on stanchion 606, such that it is easily accessible to people on the offshore rescue flotation system. Emergency call actuator 630 is configured to trigger a distress response upon activation by a person in distress. The distress response includes activating the communications system to transmit a wireless distress signal. The distress response further includes activating a distress indicator to emit a local distress signal. The local distress signal may be a visual distress signal and/or an audible distress signal emitted by alert indicator 625. In various embodiments, emergency call actuator 630 may be a pressure-sensitive call button or a mechanical lever or other type of switch, such as a toggle switch or a rocker switch, that requires activation. Emergency call actuator 630, in whatever form is selected, may include an anti-tamper device such as a lid, cover, or latch to prevent inadvertent activation of the emergency response system. The mechanical lever or switch may be used, for example, to prevent birds from accidentally triggering the distress response by landing on a call button or pecking at a call button with their beaks.

[0093] Internal storage compartment 614 is inside stanchion 606 for housing the communications system 124, as well as life-sustaining supplies (e.g., water, food, and blankets), and first-aid supplies.

[0094] Power supply 626 (e.g., battery) is configured to power communications system 124. Emergency call actuator 630 is electrically coupled to and configured to activate communications system 124, and antenna 620 is electrically coupled to and configured to send and/or receive signals to/from communications system 124. Power supply 626 and emergency call actuator 630 are electrically coupled to alert indicator 625, which is configured to alert rescuers.

[0095] Communications system 124 is discussed in more detail below.

[0096] In some embodiments, the offshore rescue flotation system further includes first-aid supplies including blankets, bandages, and other survival items. The first-aid supplies are stored inside the internal storage compartment 614 of stanchion 606 such that they stay dry and can be accessed by people on the offshore rescue flotation system. The offshore rescue flotation system can further include life-sustaining supplies including food, water, life vests with tracking components, visual indicator components (e.g., strobes), and other survival essentials. The life-sustaining supplies may be stored inside the internal storage compartment 614 of stanchion 606 such that they stay dry and can be accessed by people on the offshore rescue flotation system.

[0097] In some embodiments, the offshore rescue flotation system is modular and/or scalable. The offshore rescue flotation systems may be of any size and still fall within the scope of this disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the diameter of the flotation base platform is approximately 16 feet, which allows for eight feet of radius that is underneath shelter 608, which allows one or more people to comfortably lie on the flotation base platform underneath shelter 608. In other embodiments, where the offshore rescue flotation system supports a larger offshore rig, the platform may be 40 feet or more in diameter. Similarly, multiple smaller platforms may be used, and multiple platforms may be connected together through a coupling means to allow formation of a larger platform.

[0098] As described in the context of the embodiments above, the rescue flotation systems include a battery electrically coupled to one or more solar panels. The battery is configured to receive electrical energy generated by the solar panel for the purposes of recharging the battery and storing the power via solar cells. The solar cells are electrically coupled to the battery. In addition, the solar cells may be electrically coupled to the communications system and any other electronic components of the rescue flotation system. The solar cells may be configured to power the communications system while simultaneously recharging the battery.

[0099] As further described in the context of the embodiments above, the rescue flotation systems include communications system 124. Communications system 124 may include a processor, at least one antenna, receiver, and/or transmitter, as well as a power supply and/or an alert indicator. The communications system may include a global positioning system (GPS) antenna, a radiofrequency (RF) receiver, and/or transmitter for sending and receiving information using wireless communication. The wireless communication includes but is not limited to radiofrequency (RF), 3G, 4G, and/or 5G cellular, satellite telemetry systems, and other similar communication methods.

[0100] Communications system 124 and its corresponding antenna enable communication by the communications system 124 to at least one remote electronic device. Communications system 124 and its corresponding antenna are configured to send data to and/or receive data from emergency responder remote devices. For example, upon activation by the emergency call actuator, communications system 124 transmits a distress or activation signal, location data of the rescue flotation system, as well as other types of alerts to emergency responders. In some embodiments, communications system 124 is configured to provide real-time two-way communication between the rescue flotation system and rescuers using a speaker and microphone positioned on the flotation body (for near-shore applications) or the stanchion (for offshore applications).

[0101] Communications system 124 may include an emergency position-indicating radio beacon (EPIRB). The EPIRB may include a COSPAS-SARSAT system, an INMARSAT-E system, or a VHF CH 70 system. Communications system 124 may be configured for wireless communication via 406 MHz, 306.025 MHz, 121.5 MHz, 1.6 GHz, and/or 156.525 MHz bands. Communications system 124 may include one or more radio transmitters configured to work at a designated frequency for signaling distress (e.g., 406 MHz). Communications system 124 may be configured to communicate via satellite. The communications may include an encrypted identification number that identifies the rescue flotation system, an emergency date, nature of distress, emergency contacts, and/or position from the location tracker.

[0102] In some embodiments, communications system 124 may include at least one off-the-shelf portable handheld radio communication system, such as a portable handheld VHF radio or other portable communication device. In embodiments in which communications system 124 includes a portable handheld radio, the antenna, the power supply, and the emergency call actuator are integrated into the portable handheld radio. Additionally, the portable handheld radio may further include an integrated location tracker (such as a GPS) and/or an integrated EPIRB. The portable handheld radio may be stored in the internal storage compartment, either mounted or loose. Advantageously, an individual can access the internal storage compartment of the near-shore rescue flotation system using the removable access panel (located, for example, on top or on the side of the flotation body) and use the portable handheld radio as needed. The portable handheld radio may be permanently attached or mounted to the rescue flotation system, either within the internal storage compartment or on the outer surface of the flotation body (for near-shore applications) or stanchion (for offshore applications). The portable handle radio is configured for two-way communication, such that it can send messages to and receive messages from a remote device. The remote device may correspond to emergency responders (e.g., Coast Guard). The portability of the handheld radio is advantageous because it allows for easy changing or swapping of radios before or after deployment of the near-shore rescue flotation system. It further allows people in distress to keep the portable handheld radio on their person while maintaining contact with emergency responders. The portable handheld radio may communicate using ultra-high frequency (UHF) or very high frequency (VHF) communication. The UHF portable radio is configured to communicate at frequencies between about 300 MHz and about 3 GHz. The VHF portable radio is configured to communicate at frequencies between about 30 MHz and about 300 MHz. In other embodiments, the portable handheld radio may be connected to the emergency call actuator via a push-to-talk adapter.

[0103] Communications system 124 may include one or more processors that manage the overall operations of the near-shore rescue flotation system. The processor is any controller, microcontroller, or microprocessor that is capable of processing program instructions. In some embodiments, as explained above, the near-shore rescue flotation system includes at least one antenna, which enables the near-shore rescue flotation system to send information (e.g., location, battery level) through the communications system to at least one remote device (e.g., emergency responder remote device) and/or receive information from at least one remote device.

[0104] In some embodiments, communications system 124 may be further configured to periodically transmit current battery life and/or current wireless communication signal strength to allow for tracking and maintenance of the rescue flotation systems.

[0105] In some embodiments, the rescue flotation systems described herein, for both near-shore and offshore applications, may further include one or more environmental sensors to collect environmental data about the water where the rescue flotation systems are located/positioned and transmit that environmental data to rescuers as necessary. These environmental sensors may include water temperature sensors, wave data sensors, and ambient air temperature sensors. This environmental data provides rescuers with additional data they can use when planning a rescue, such as data that allows them to know how much time they have to respond to a distress signal as well as what equipment may be needed, such as warming layers and/or specialized watercraft.

[0106] Wave data sensors translate physical motion of the sea surface into measurable data. The wave sensors may include inertial measurement units (IMUs), which contain accelerometers and gyroscopes to detect how the rescue flotation system moves as waves pass. From this motion, wave characteristics, such as height, period, and direction, can be calculated. The wave sensors may further include pressure sensors mounted on the flotation device below the waterline. The wave data sensors may further include acoustic sensors or high-precision GPS receivers, which can track the rescue flotation system's vertical and horizontal movements across the water surface. By analyzing this position data over time, GPS-based systems can deliver wave height, direction, and period without the need for onboard gyroscopes. Together, these sensor types enable the rescue flotation systems to monitor sea state and/or conditions in near-real time.

[0107] Water temperature sensors detect changes in the thermal properties of the water and convert those into electrical signals that can be recorded and transmitted. The water temperature sensors used in the rescue flotation systems described herein may include thermistor, which are resistors in which the resistance varies with temperature. When submerged, the thermistor's resistance changes as the water heats or cools, and that resistance is then translated into a precise temperature reading of the water. The water temperature sensors may further include resistance temperature detectors (RTDs) or semiconductor sensors, which operate on similar principles but offer different tradeoffs in accuracy, durability, and response time. The water temperature sensors may be encased in the flotation body itself or in a separate housing attached to the flotation body to withstand long-term deployment in saltwater while still allowing direct contact with the surrounding water for accurate readings. The water temperature sensors may further include thermocouples or infrared-based sensors.

[0108] In various embodiments, environmental data, including wave data, water temperature data, and air temperature data may be collected periodically and stored locally until a distress signal is triggered. Communications system 124 transmits the stored environmental data along with the distress signal to provide additional information to the rescuers. In some embodiments, communications system 124 may stream environmental data, either continuously or periodically.

[0109] FIG. 7 depicts a system block diagram of a communications system of a rescue flotation system (either the near-shore rescue flotation system or the offshore rescue flotation system) according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein. Referring to FIG. 7, system diagram 700 shows multiple devices 710, 714, and 718 that are connected over network 708 to cloud computing environment 706. The server application 702 is configured to provide a mobile application for the rescue flotation system. The server application 702 is hosted on remote server 704 within a cloud computing environment 706. The server application 702 is provided on a non-transitory computer-readable medium including a plurality of machine-readable instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of the server 704, are adapted to cause the server 704 to execute the mobile application.

[0110] The server application 702 is configured to communicate over a network 708. In a preferred embodiment, the network 708 is the Internet. In other embodiments, the network 708 may be restricted to a private local area network (LAN) and/or private wide area network (WAN). The network 708 provides connectivity with a plurality of client devices including a personal computer 710 hosting a client application 712, a mobile device 714 hosting a mobile application 716. The network 708 also provides connectivity for an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device 718 hosting an IoT application 720, and to back-end services 722. Advantageously, the back-end services 722 are operable to communicate with third-party application programming interfaces (APIs) to either provide or receive data. The back-end services may provide data gathered within the rescue flotation system through the third-party APIs and receives information provided back to the back-end services to take further actions within the rescue flotation system.

[0111] FIG. 8 depicts a block diagram of a remote server of a rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein. FIG. 8 shows block diagram 800 of the server 704 of FIG. 7 for hosting at least a portion of the server application 702 of FIG. 7 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein. The server 704 may be any of the hardware servers referenced in this disclosure. The server 704 may include at least one of a processor 802, a main memory 804, a database 806, a datacenter network interface 808, and an administration user interface (UI) 810. The server 704 may be configured to host one or more virtualized servers. The processor 802 may be a multi-core server class processor suitable for hardware virtualization. The processor 802 may support at least a 64-bit architecture and a single instruction multiple data (SIMD) instruction set. The memory 804 may include a combination of volatile memory (e.g., random access memory) and non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory). The database 806 may include one or more hard drives.

[0112] The datacenter network interface 808 may provide one or more high-speed communication ports to the data center switches, routers, and/or network storage appliances. The datacenter network interface may include high-speed optical Ethernet, InfiniBand (IB), Internet Small Computer System Interface iSCSI, and/or Fibre Channel interfaces. The administration UI may support local and/or remote configuration of the server by a data center administrator.

[0113] FIG. 9 depicts a block diagram of a personal computer of a rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein. FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of the personal computer 710 of FIG. 7 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein. The personal computer 710 may be any of the devices referenced in this disclosure. The personal computer 710 may include at least a processor 902, a memory 904, a display 906, a user interface (UI) 908, and a network interface 910. The personal computer 710 may include an operating system to run a web browser and/or the client application 712 shown in FIG. 7. The operating system (OS) may be a Windows OS, a Macintosh OS, or a Linux OS. The memory 904 may include a combination of volatile memory (e.g., random access memory) and non-volatile memory (e.g., solid state drive and/or hard drives). The network interface 910 may be a wired Ethernet interface or a Wi-Fi interface. The personal computer 710 may be configured to access remote memory (e.g., network storage and/or cloud storage) via the network interface 910. The UI 908 may include a keyboard, and a pointing device (e.g., mouse). The display 906 may be an external display (e.g., computer monitor) or internal display (e.g., laptop).

[0114] FIG. 10 depicts a block diagram of a mobile device of a rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein. FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of the mobile device 714 of FIG. 7 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein. The mobile device 714 may be any of the remote devices referenced in this disclosure. The mobile device 714 may include an operating system to run a web browser and/or the mobile application 716 shown in FIG. 7. The mobile device 714 may include at least a processor 1002, a memory 1004, a UI 1006, a display 1008, WAN radios 1010, LAN radios 1012, and personal area network (PAN) radios 1014. In some embodiments, the mobile device 714 may be an iPhone or an iPad, using iOS as an operating system. In other embodiments, the mobile device 714 may be a mobile terminal including Apple iOS, Android OS, BlackBerry OS, Chrome OS, Windows Phone OS, or the like.

[0115] In some embodiments, the processor 1002 may be a mobile processor such as the Qualcomm Snapdragon mobile processor. The memory 1004 may include a combination of volatile memory (e.g., random access memory) and non-volatile memory (e.g., flash memory). The memory 1004 may be partially integrated with the processor 1002. The UI 1006 and display 1008 may be integrated such as a touchpad display. The WAN radios 1010 may include 2G, 3G, 4G, and/or 5G technologies. The LAN radios 1012 may include Wi-Fi technologies such as 802.11a, 802.11b/g/n, and/or 802.11ac circuitry. The PAN radios 1014 may include Bluetooth technologies, NFC technologies, and/or RFID technologies.

[0116] FIG. 11 depicts a block diagram of an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device of a rescue flotation system according to one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein. FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of the IoT device 718 of FIG. 7 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the subject matter described herein. The IoT device 718 may be any of the remote electronic devices referenced in this disclosure. The IoT device 718 includes a processor 1102, a memory 1104, sensors 1106, servos 1108, WAN radios 1110, LAN radios 1112, and PAN radios 1114.

[0117] The communications system of the rescue flotation systems described herein may be configured to integrate with existing emergency response systems, such that the communications system on board the rescue flotation systems communicates wirelessly with one or more servers, which are then connected to and/or integrated with various local emergency response systems. The one or more servers may further communicate with, either alternatively or in addition to the emergency local emergency response systems, mobile applications running on mobile devices. This allows first responders, such as lifeguards, to get real-time notifications on their mobile devices when a beacon has been activated on the rescue flotation systems.

[0118] Any combination of one or more computer-readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer-readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium (including, but not limited to, non-transitory computer-readable storage media). A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0119] A computer-readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer-readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may be any computer-readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0120] In one or more embodiments, the subject matter disclosed herein includes a cloud-based network for distributed communication via a wireless communication antenna and processing by at least one mobile communication computing device. In one or more embodiments, the system is a virtualized computing system capable of executing any or all aspects of software and/or application components presented herein on computing devices. In certain aspects, the computer system may be implemented using hardware or a combination of software and hardware, either in a dedicated computing device, or integrated into another entity, or distributed across multiple entities or computing devices.

[0121] By way of example, and not limitation, the computing devices are intended to represent various forms of digital computers and mobile devices, such as a server, blade server, mainframe, mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), smartphone, desktop computer, netbook computer, tablet computer, workstation, laptop, and other similar computing devices. The components shown here, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the subject matter described and/or claimed in this document.

[0122] In one embodiment, the computing device includes components such as a processor, a system memory having a random-access memory (RAM) and a read-only memory (ROM), and a system bus that couples the memory to the processor. In another embodiment, the computing device may additionally include components such as a storage device for storing the operating system and one or more application programs, a network interface unit, and/or an input/output controller. Each of the components may be coupled to each other through at least one bus. The input/output controller may receive and process input from, or provide output to, a number of other devices, including, but not limited to, alphanumeric input devices, mice, electronic styluses, display units, touch screens, signal generation devices (e.g., speakers), or printers.

[0123] By way of example, and not limitation, the controller may be a general-purpose microprocessor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a microcontroller, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a state machine, gated or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any other suitable entity or combinations thereof that can perform calculations, process instructions for execution, and/or other manipulations of information.

[0124] In another embodiment, multiple processors and/or multiple buses may be used, as appropriate, along with multiple memories of multiple types (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core).

[0125] Also, multiple computing devices may be connected, with each device providing portions of the necessary operations (e.g., a server bank, a group of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). Alternatively, some steps or methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function. According to various embodiments, the computer system may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to local and/or remote computing devices through a network. A computing device may connect to a network through a network interface unit connected to a bus. Computing devices may communicate communication media through wired networks, direct-wired connections or wirelessly, such as acoustic, RF, or infrared, through an antenna in communication with the network antenna and the network interface unit, which may include digital signal processing circuitry when necessary. The network interface unit may provide for communications under various modes or protocols.

[0126] Aspects of the subject matter described herein may be implemented as a system, method or computer program product. They may be implemented as an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a circuit, module or system. Aspects of the subject matter described herein may be implemented as a computer program product embodied in one or more computer-readable medium(s) storing computer-readable program code. The terms machine-readable medium and machine-readable storage medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store one or more sets of instructions. These terms may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the presently disclosed technique and innovation.

[0127] Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0128] Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the subject matter described herein may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object oriented and/or procedural programming languages. Programming languages may include, but are not limited to: Ruby, JavaScript, Java, Python, PHP, C, C++, C #, Objective-C, Go, Scala, Swift, Kotlin, OCaml, or the like. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer, and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter situation scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).

[0129] Aspects of the subject matter described herein are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the subject matter described herein. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions.

[0130] These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

[0131] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable medium produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

[0132] The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

[0133] The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the subject matter described herein. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

[0134] The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed.

[0135] Particular embodiments and features have been described with reference to the drawings. It is to be understood that these descriptions are not limited to any single embodiment or any particular set of features, and that similar embodiments and features may arise or modifications and additions may be made without departing from the scope of these descriptions and the spirit of the appended claims.

[0136] These and other changes can be made to the disclosure in light of the above Detailed Description. While the above description describes certain embodiments of the disclosure, and describes the best mode contemplated, no matter how detailed the above appears in text, the teachings can be practiced in many ways. Details of the system may vary considerably in its implementation details, while still being encompassed by the subject matter disclosed herein. As noted above, particular terminology used when describing certain features or aspects of the disclosure should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being redefined herein to be restricted to any specific characteristics, features, or aspects of the disclosure with which that terminology is associated. In general, the terms used in the following claims should not be construed to limit the disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, unless the above Detailed Description section explicitly defines such terms. Accordingly, the actual scope of the disclosure encompasses not only the disclosed embodiments, but also all equivalent ways of practicing or implementing the disclosure under the claims.