Use of collagen hydrolysate in prevention and/or treatment of food craving

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of collagen hydrolysate in the prevention and/or treatment of food craving. The collagen hydrolysate may have a therapeutic and/or non-therapeutic effect. The prevention and/or treatment of craving by the collagen hydrolysate may find purpose in losing bodyweight or improving general well-being. The collagen hydrolysate is preferably administered as a daily food supplement formulation.

Claims

1. A method for reducing food craving independent of normal appetite, comprising administering collagen hydrolysate to a subject, wherein the collagen hydrolysate has a weight average molecular weight of below 9000 Da, wherein the administering the collagen hydrolysate to the subject involves: i) administering the collagen hydrolysate every day or every other day; and ii) administering a total daily dose of collagen hydrolysate of 15-60 g/day as one or more unit doses, wherein each unit dose is not more than 20 g, wherein the dose amount is the dry weight amount of collagen hydrolysate.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the food craving is for calorie-dense foods, wherein calorie-dense foods are defined as foods containing more than 200 kcal per 100 g weight.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the food craving is characterised by a preference for calorie-dense foods over non-calorie-dense foods, wherein calorie-dense foods are defined as foods containing more than 200 kcal per 100 g weight.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the food craving is characterised by a preference for calorie-dense foods over nutrient-rich foods, wherein calorie-dense foods are defined as foods containing more than 200 kcal per 100 g weight, wherein nutrient-rich foods are defined as foods having a median Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) 9.3 Index score of more than 0.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the calorie-dense foods are further defined as foods with more than 10 g sugar per 100 g weight of the food.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the calorie-dense foods are further defined as foods with more than 10 g saturated fat per 100 g weight of the food.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the food craving is for a food selected from the group consisting of processed food, fried food, potato fries, pizza, candy, chips, pastry, cake, ice-cream, chocolate, fast-food, nuts, butter, cream, cheese, bacon, sausages, sauces, condiments, dressings and sugary drink.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the food craving is in the evening and/or night.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collagen hydrolysate has a weight average molecular weight between 1500 Da and 6000 Da.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the daily dose is administered as two or more unit doses of 5-15 g, wherein the amount is the dry weight amount of collagen hydrolysate.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the daily dose of collagen hydrolysate is administered as two or more unit doses, wherein the two or more unit doses are administered at least 6 hours separated from each other.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the daily dose of collagen hydrolysate is administered as two or more unit doses, wherein the two or more unit doses are administered at least 8 hours or 12 hours separated from each other.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collagen hydrolysate is administered for at least 2 consecutive days.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collagen hydrolysate is administered for at least 4 or at least 7 consecutive days.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collagen hydrolysate is administered for at least 2 consecutive weeks.

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collagen hydrolysate is administered for at least 4 consecutive weeks or at least 8 consecutive weeks.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collagen hydrolysate is administered together with a meal.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collagen hydrolysate is provided in a food formulation, food supplement formulation, or pharmaceutical formulation.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collagen hydrolysate is derived from a collagen obtained from a tissue selected from the group consisting of skin, cartilage, bone, tendon, ligament, connective tissue, and combinations thereof.

20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the collagen hydrolysate is derived from a collagen selected from the group consisting of porcine collagen, bovine collagen, and fish collagen.

Description

FIGURE LEGENDS

(1) FIG. 1. Average craving score reported by individuals at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after collagen hydrolysate supplementation.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE

Example 1

(2) Aim

(3) A study was conducted to determine the effect of daily collagen hydrolysate supplementation on food craving in healthy women.

(4) Method

(5) Fourteen healthy women (body mass index>25 kg/m.sup.2; age 35-65) not following any other dietary or lifestyle interventions participated in the study. None of the participants had medical conditions or were on medication.

(6) The participants received daily supplementation of 20 g dietary collagen hydrolysate (Peptan, B 5000, bovine origin) for 8 weeks. The daily dose was divided into two unit doses of 10 g. One unit dose was taken in the morning, typically early in the morning before breakfast. One unit dose was taken in the late afternoon, or in the evening with or after dinner.

(7) Participants were asked to fill out a Medical Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) at baseline, at 4 weeks and at 8 weeks. In the MSQ, participants were asked to indicate whether food craving was experienced in the 48 hours prior to filling out the MSQ. For this purpose, the following point scale system was provided in the MSQ: 0Never or almost never have the symptom 1Occasionally have it, effect is not severe 2Occasionally have it, effect is severe 3Frequently have it, effect is not severe 4Frequently have it, effect is severe

(8) At the end of the study, the participants were interviewed. The interview was aimed at determining in addition to the MSQ, among others: if a reduction in food craving had occurred, when the reduction was first seen after commencing the daily collagen hydrolysate supplementation; if a reduction in food craving had occurred, whether the reduction was mostly due to a reduction in the frequency or severity of food craving; whether participants experienced a change in their normal food routine; whether there was a correlation between the timing of collagen hydrolysate intake and the reduction in food craving; whether daily collagen hydrolysate supplementation caused possible side effects.
Result

(9) The average craving score was reduced from 3.1 at baseline to 2.4 at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks (FIG. 1). The reductions in food craving were statistically significant (p-value<0.05) based on a paired t test. Eleven out of fourteen participants (79%) showed at least one point reduction in the food craving score during the study as compared to baseline.

(10) The interview established the following: a reduction in food craving was most typically seen in the first week after commencing the daily collagen hydrolysate supplementation. In most individuals, the reduction in food craving started in the third or fourth day after commencing the daily collagen hydrolysate supplementation; a reduction in food craving was due to a reduction in frequency and/or severity of food craving, most typically due to a reduction in frequency of food craving; the participants generally did not experience noticeable change in their normal food routine; there is no clear correlation between the timing of collagen hydrolysate intake and the reduction in food craving. For example, a reduction in food craving was also observed when there was several hours delay between collagen hydrolysate intake and the moment when food craving normally occurred. A reduction in food craving during the day was observed in participants taking collagen hydrolysate early in the morning and late in the evening. the daily collagen hydrolysate supplementation did no cause side effects.
Conclusion

(11) Collagen hydrolysate reduces food craving in healthy individuals. The reduction in food craving by collagen hydrolysate was found to be durable, based on the finding that the effect is seen at both 4 weeks and 8 weeks after commencing supplementation. It was found that the reduction in food craving due to collagen hydrolysate is not necessarily a direct effect on hunger or increased satiation. First, repeated daily intake of collagen hydrolysate was found to help in reducing food craving. Second, participants generally did not experience a noticeable change in their normal food routine. Third, no clear correlation could be established between the timing of collagen hydrolysate intake and the reduction in food craving. The daily intake of 20 g collagen hydrolysate did not cause side effects and is considered to be a safe approach for reducing food craving.

Example 2

(12) Aim

(13) It is studied how the collagen hydrolysate dose and administration regime affects craving and the normal appetite for meals in healthy individuals.

(14) Method

(15) Female participants (inclusion criteria according to Example 1) receive collagen hydrolysate as supplement (Peptan, B 5000, bovine origin).

(16) A comparison is made between participants receiving a total daily dose of collagen hydrolysate of 20 g or 100 g. The daily dose is divided over two unit doses, one taken in the morning and one taken in the afternoon or evening.

(17) A comparison is made between a collagen hydrolysate daily dose (20 g) provided as single unit dose (120 g) or as multiple unit doses divided over the day (210 g). This is also compared to a collagen hydrolysate daily dose of 40 g, provides as four unit doses (i.e. 410 g) divided over the day.

(18) A comparison is made between collagen hydrolysate intake (210 g unit dose daily), for a period of 1 week or 8 weeks.

(19) A comparison is made between intake of collagen hydrolysate (210 g unit dose daily) daily, every other day, or once a week.

(20) To determine the effect of the dosage regimen on craving, the following point scale system is used: 0Never or almost never have craving 1Occasionally have craving, effect is not severe 2Occasionally have craving, effect is severe 3Frequently have craving, effect is not severe 4Frequently have craving, effect is severe

(21) To determine the effect of the dosage regimen on changes in normal appetite for meals, the following point scale system is used: 0Never or almost never have reduced appetite 1Occasionally have a reduced appetite, effect is not severe 2Occasionally have a reduced appetite, effect is severe 3Frequently have a reduced appetite, effect is not severe 4Frequently have a reduced appetite, effect is severe
Results

(22) The results are summarized in Table 1.

(23) A unit dose of 20 g or 100 g both reduces craving. However, the 100 g unit dose also reduces the normal appetite and lower intake of meals and is therefore less favourable, for instance in healthy normal weight individuals that are not necessarily seeking weight reduction.

(24) Intake of two or more unit doses of collagen hydrolysate reduces craving more effectively than intake of the same daily amount as a single unit dose. Intake of (a relatively large) single unit dose affects the normal appetite more and can therefore be less favourable under certain circumstances. Similar results are obtained if the collagen hydrolysate is administered as 210 g, 45 g, or 410 g. Dividing total intake into multiple unit doses is particularly more beneficial when the total daily dose increases. The specific reduction in craving is highest if each unit dose is not more than 20 g, e.g. around 10 g.

(25) Daily intake of collagen hydrolysate for one week also reduces craving without affecting the normal appetite, however intake of collagen hydrolysate for 8 weeks shows the highest specific reduction in craving.

(26) A particularly strong reduction in craving is seen when collagen hydrolysate is taken daily or every other day, but (hardly) any reduction in craving is seen if collagen hydrolysate is taken once week.

(27) Overall, the specific reduction in craving is highest when the dose of collagen hydrolysate does not exceed a certain threshold amount (e.g. around 20 or 40 g daily dose), and preferably divided over two or more unit doses. Moreover, the specific reduction in craving is highest when the collagen hydrolysate is taken once every other day or every day. These parameters in administration regimen allow for specific lowering of craving, without affecting the normal appetite and normal food intake.

(28) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Effect of collagen hydrolysate administration regime on reduction in craving and normal appetite in healthy participants. No. Reduction Daily unit Administration Duration Reduction in normal dose doses scheme (weeks) in craving appetite 20 g 2 Daily 8 High No 40 g 4 Daily 8 High No 100 g 2 Daily 8 High Yes 20 g 1 Daily 8 Average Yes 20 g 2 Daily 1 Average No 20 g 2 Once every 8 High No other day 20 g 2 Once per week 8 Low No
Conclusion

(29) Overall, a specific reduction in craving (i.e. without affecting normal appetite) is highest when the dose of collagen hydrolysate is not too high (e.g. 20 or 40 g daily dose), and divided over two or more unit doses, e.g. each not more than 20 g, such as 10 g. Moreover, a specific reduction in craving is highest when the collagen hydrolysate is taken once every other day or daily.

Example 3

(30) Aim

(31) A comparison is made between a collagen hydrolysate average molecular weight of 2000 Da, 5000 Da or 9000 Da in reducing craving.

(32) Method

(33) Female participants (inclusion criteria according to Example 1) receive a daily dose of 20 g collagen hydrolysate for a period of 8 weeks. The daily dose is divided over two unit doses, one taken in the morning and one taken in the afternoon or evening.

(34) The reduction in craving is measured according to Examples 1 and 2.

(35) Results

(36) A specific reduction in craving is seen for the collagen hydrolysate for all average molecular weights tested, but the highest reduction in craving is seen when the average molecular weight of the collagen hydrolysate is around 2000 or 5000 Da.

(37) Conclusion

(38) Collagen hydrolysate with an average molecular weight below 9000 Da leads to highest specific reduction in craving. Without being bound by theory, based on the current findings, the present inventors consider that a larger molecular weight creates a larger feeling of fullness and therefore leads to larger suppression of normal appetite, without further inhibition of craving.