COULISSE - ECCENTRIC MOTOR

Abstract

The rod-free mechanisms are used for converting rotational motion into reciprocating motion and vice versa. The mechanism can be used in displacement pumps and compressors, as well as in internal and external combustion engines, cubic expansion engines, steam engines, hydro and pneumatic engines. Coulisse-eccentric motor automatically feeds and distributes the actuation fluid to the swept-volume capacities. Coulisse-eccentric motor is easy to manufacture, contains a minimum of parts, such as a housing, a coulisse and an eccentric, can be made entirely of ceramics, and allows converting the pressure difference between the two internal volumes of the coulisse into rotational motion on the shaft, and vice versa. Coulisse-eccentric motor in motion allows reversing, changing the shaft torque and compression ratio, while all engine components operate normally and are not subjected to excessive loads.

Claims

1. A coulisse-eccentric motor comprising: a housing; a coulisse; and an eccentric having a shaft on at least one of two side surfaces of the eccentric; wherein the housing comprises two side walls connected by inserts, the shaft of the eccentric being configured to rotate in at least one of the two side walls, the coulisse being configured to perform a reciprocating motion between the side walls of the housing; wherein each of the inserts connecting the side walls of the housing has a surface-housing guide which serves as a guide for the coulisse, the housing guide defining a straight line of a movement vector of the coulisse in the housing; wherein the coulisse has surfaces sliding along the housing guides; wherein the coulisse contains an inner chamber where the eccentric is located, the eccentric dividing the inner chamber into two internal volumes which are changed by rotation of the eccentric and movement of the coulisse; wherein the inner chamber of the coulisse has two opposite working surfaces, on which the eccentric rotates, the two opposite working surfaces of the coulisse being located opposite each other at a distance sufficient for the rotation of the eccentric there between with a required clearance; wherein the two opposite working surfaces of the coulisse have initial and final points which are touched by a working surface of the eccentric when the eccentric rotates, wherein a straight line passing through the initial and final points on the two opposite working surfaces of the coulisse has an angle of inclination less than 90 degrees and more than 0 degrees relative to the housing guide; and wherein the coulisse-eccentric motor further comprises channels having holes for supplying and discharging a working fluid into the two internal volumes of the coulisse.

2. The coulisse-eccentric motor according to claim 1, comprising at least one channel having holes for supplying and discharging the working fluid into the two internal volumes of the coulisse, said at least one channel passing through a body of the eccentric and the shaft of the eccentric.

3. The coulisse-eccentric motor according to claim 1, comprising at least one channel having holes for supplying and discharging the working fluid into the internal volumes of the coulisse, said at least one channel passing through a body of the eccentric and through one side wall of the housing.

4. The coulisse-eccentric motor according to claim 1, comprising additional inserts between the two side walls of the housing, and wherein the additional inserts connect the housing guides on both sides relative to the coulisse and do not limit the movement of the coulisse, and wherein each of the additional inserts forms, together with the two housing guides, a wall of the coulisse and the two side walls of the housing, the two outer volumes of the coulisse, and a body of the coulisse comprises channels having holes which connect one of the two internal volumes of the coulisse to one of the outer volumes of the coulisse, said one of the outer volumes of the coulisse being located on an opposite side relative to the eccentric.

5. The coulisse-eccentric motor according to claim 4, wherein the coulisse additionally comprises one or more inner chambers each provided with the eccentric with the shaft.

6. The coulisse-eccentric motor according to claim 5, comprising at least one piston-coulisse stone which is located in the middle of the inner chamber of the coulisse between the two side walls of the housing, and wherein the at least one piston-coulisse stone has a first surface sliding along the working surface of the eccentric, a second surface sliding along the two opposite working surfaces of the coulisse, and two other surfaces on opposite sides relative to the eccentric which limit the two internal volumes of the coulisse, and wherein the two opposite working surfaces of the coulisse serve as guides for the piston-coulisse stone, and a surface area of the piston-coulisse stone which slides along the working surface of the eccentric is larger than an area of the hole on the working surface of the eccentric through which the working fluid is supplied or discharged into the two internal volumes of the coulisse.

7. The coulisse-eccentric motor according to claim 6, wherein a part of the housing or the coulisse that is in contact with the two internal volumes of the coulisse or the outer volumes of the coulisse has a surface that transmits at least one type of gas.

8. The coulisse-eccentric motor according to claim 7, wherein the shaft of the eccentric is (arranged) on one of the two side surfaces.

9. The coulisse-eccentric motor according to claim 8, in which the eccentric shaft is made in the form of a separate part that is inserted into the eccentric body, and the eccentric has a hole or recess into which a separate shaft is inserted.

10. The coulisse-eccentric motor according to claim 8, wherein the housing guide, the surface of the coulisse that slides on the housing guide, the working surface of the coulisse, and the working surface of the eccentric have an inclination relative to an axis of rotation of the eccentric.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0065] FIG. 1 shows a coulisse-eccentric motor with the working fluid supplied through a hole in the eccentric shaft: [0066] 1side walls of the housing, one of which is removed; [0067] 2insert connecting the two side walls of the housing; [0068] 3guide of the housing; [0069] 4coulisse; [0070] 5eccentric; [0071] 6working surface of the eccentric; [0072] 7shaft of the eccentric; [0073] 8hole in the shaft of the eccentric; [0074] 9channel in the body and shaft of the eccentric connecting holes 8 and 10; [0075] 10hole on the working surface of the eccentric; [0076] 14 and 15internal volumes of the coulisse; [0077] 16working surface of the coulisse.

[0078] In FIG. 2 the eccentric is shown with the working body being fed through the hole in the eccentric shaft: [0079] 5eccentric; [0080] 6working surface of the eccentric; [0081] 7shaft of the eccentric; [0082] 8hole in the shaft of the eccentric; [0083] 9channel in the body and shaft of the eccentric that connects hole 8 and 10; [0084] 10hole on the working surface of the eccentric; [0085] 11hole on the working surface of the eccentric; [0086] 12channel in the body and shaft of the eccentric that connects hole 11 and 13; [0087] 13hole in the shaft of the eccentric.

[0088] In FIG. 3 a coulisse is depicted according to paragraph 4 of the invention claim for delivering the working fluid to the external volumes of the coulisse: [0089] 4coulisse; [0090] 17surface of the coulisse that limits the external volume of the coulisse; [0091] 18internal chamber of the coulisse; [0092] 19opening located inside the internal chamber of the coulisse; [0093] 20channel connecting opening 19 with opening 21; [0094] 21opening located in the external volume of the coulisse; [0095] 22opening located inside the internal chamber of the coulisse; [0096] 23channel connecting opening 19 with opening 21; [0097] 24opening located in the external volume of the coulisse; [0098] 25surfaces of the coulisse that slide along the guideways of the housing.

[0099] In FIG. 4 a coulisse-eccentric motor is depicted according to point 4 of the formula when external volumes of the coulisse are used: [0100] 1side walls of the housing, one of which is removed; [0101] 2an insert that connects the two side walls of the housing; [0102] 3guide of the housing; [0103] 4coulisse; [0104] 5eccentric; [0105] 6working surface of the eccentric; [0106] 7shaft of the eccentric; [0107] 8hole in the shaft of the eccentric; [0108] 9channel in the body and shaft of the eccentric that connects hole 8 and 10; [0109] 10hole on the working surface of the eccentric; [0110] 14 and 15internal volumes of the coulisse; [0111] 16working surface of the coulisse; [0112] 17surface of the coulisse that limits the external volume of the slider; 19hole located inside [0113] the internal volume of the coulisse 15; [0114] 20channel that connects hole 19 with hole 21; [0115] 21hole located in the external volume of the slider 28; [0116] 22hole located inside the internal volume of the coulisse 14; [0117] 23channel that connects hole 19 with hole 21; [0118] 24hole located in the external volume of the coulisse 29; [0119] 26 and 27additional insert of the housing; [0120] 28 and 29external volumes of the coulisse.

[0121] FIG. 5 shows the coulisse, the eccentric with the shaft, and the piston-coulisse stone, as well as the piston-coulisse stone for the variant where it consists of two parts to reduce friction on the working surface of the eccentric: [0122] 4coulisse; [0123] 5eccentric; [0124] 7shaft of the eccentric; [0125] 9channel in the body of the eccentric; [0126] 10hole on the working surface of the eccentric; [0127] 14 and 15internal volumes of the coulisse; [0128] 16working surface of the coulisse; [0129] 32piston-coulisse stone; [0130] 33surface of the piston-coulisse stone that slides on the working surface of the eccentric; [0131] 34surface of the piston-coulisse stone that slides on the opposite working surface of the coulisse 16; [0132] 35surface of the piston-coulisse stone that limits the internal volume of the coulisse 14; [0133] 36surface of the piston-coulisse stone that limits the internal volume of the coulisse 15.

[0134] In FIG. 6 the side wall of the housing is shown for the variant of supplying the working fluid through the side wall of the housing: [0135] 1side wall of the housing; [0136] 37 and 38openings in the side wall of the housing.

[0137] FIG. 7 shows an coulisse for the variant when more than one internal chamber of the coulisse is used: [0138] 4coulisse; [0139] 18internal chambers of the coulisse.

[0140] FIG. 8 depicts an eccentric with a shaft according to item 9 of the formula for the variant with a hole made hexagonal and corresponding to a separate shaft, and for the variant with a recess in the body of the eccentric with the corresponding shaft: [0141] 5eccentric; [0142] 7shaft of the eccentric.

[0143] FIG. 9 shows a coulisse-eccentric motor according to clause 10 of the formula with one side wall of the housing removed and not shown: [0144] 1side wall of the housing, one of them removed; [0145] 2insert which is made as a single unit together with additional housing inserts, which connects two side walls of the housing; [0146] 3a housing guide which has an inclination relative to the axis of rotation of the eccentric shaft and on which the surface of the coulisse slides accordingly; [0147] 4coulisse; [0148] 5eccentric; [0149] 6working surface of the eccentric, which has an inclination relative to the axis of rotation of the eccentric shaft, and is made in the form of a truncated cone; [0150] 7eccentric shaft; [0151] 16working surface of the coulisse which has an inclination relative to the axis of rotation of the eccentric shaft.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0152] When the eccentric shaft is forcibly rotated, for example, by an electric motor, the coulisse-eccentric motorcan function as a pump or compressor without additional mechanisms and without any changes to the design. The coulisse-eccentric motor, can operate as a steam engine, an external combustion engine, an internal combustion engine, a pneumatic engine, a hydraulic engine, a vacuum engine, a pump, a compressor, or a steam generator. The coulisse-eccentric motor can convert thermal energy into rotational motion on the shaft by heating the casing and alternately supplying and releasing the working medium, such as water, to the internal volumes of the coulisse. Water transforms into steam, increasing pressure and causing the coulisse to move back and forth. This eliminates the most dangerous component of a steam engine-the high-pressure boiler. By using several internal chambers with their own eccentrics and shafts of different volumes, multiple expansions of steam can occur, allowing for more efficient use of steam energy. The small size of the coulisse-eccentric motor enables in the middle of a container with water, making the steam engine compact.

[0153] The coulisse-eccentric motor can perform all functions with a change in the type of working fluid without any structural changes or additions. For the supply and discharge of the working fluid to the internal volumes of the coulisse, the supply and discharge channels with their openings can pass through the body of the eccentric and then through the side walls of the housing. The number of openings with their channels is limited only by the design requirements. The coulisse-eccentric motor is very easy to scale by increasing the thickness or by connecting the shafts of several coulisse-eccentric motors. It is also possible to place multiple internal chambers within one coulisse, each with its own eccentrics and shafts. One internal chamber can receive fuel mixtures for subsequent ignition, while others can receive liquids or gases for extracting thermal energy, thereby increasing the engine's efficiency. Additionally, the small size of the coulisse-eccentric motor allows it to be placed inside a water container. This would enable the integration of an internal combustion engine, a steam boiler, a water container, and a steam engine, significantly reducing the weight and size of the steam machine. It also makes it very easy to reuse the working fluid after it has been used. One internal chamber of the coulisse receives the working fluid under high pressure and temperature, while it is discharged into the second internal chamber of the coulisse.

[0154] The volumes of the internal chambers can differ, which is important when using steam as the working fluid. There is also the possibility to separate the volumes where the working fluidcombustible mixturesis supplied from the shaft with the eccentric from which the torque is extracted, minimizing the interaction between them. The torque and rotational speed of the shaft in a coulisse-eccentric motor can be adjusted by changing the pressure and the area of the inlet or outlet openings through which the working fluid is supplied and discharged. The torque on the eccentric shaft is determined by the diameter of the eccentric and the position of the eccentric shaft relative to the center of the working surface of the eccentric as well as the angle of inclination of the working surfaces of the coulisse relative to the guide housing, which allows for the adjustment of various operating modes.

[0155] The coulisse-eccentric motor has many ways to supply and discharge the working fluid to the internal volumes of the coulisse. It can be easily adapted to various requirements and can provide different working fluids in one cycle at different intervals using additional channels for the supply and discharge of the working fluid.

[0156] The coulisse-eccentric motor has a high efficiency, low vibrations, contains a minimum number of parts, is simple to manufacture, has a small size, high reliability, durability, and a high ratio of maximum working volume to the total engine volume. The coulisse-eccentric motor does not experience impact loads and is free from the main drawback of rodless piston engines-seizing due to minor wear of the friction surfaces. The coulisse-eccentric motor can be made miniature and entirely from ceramics, allowing it to be used as an artificial heart in life support systems, including within the human body. When used as a pump in artificial circulation systems, the coulisse-eccentric motor is devoid of the main disadvantages of existing solutions.

[0157] The coulisse-eccentric motor enables vacuum-venous blood drainage and generates both positive and negative pressure, eliminating the primary drawback of roller pumps-short lifespan of the tubingand the limitation of centrifugal pumpsdependency on input and output load, unpredictability of blood volume, and lack of negative pressure at the inlet. In life support systems and transportation, the coulisse-eccentric motor can be powered by liquefied gas, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or compressed air, which serves as an energy storage medium and has higher reliability, durability, safety, and charging speed compared to electric batteries. When using pressurized oxygen in life support systems, by appropriately adding a membrane to the design, the coulisse-eccentric motor allows for membrane oxygenation of blood, including within the human body. The discharge of the working mediumgasafter oxygenation can be used for artificial ventilation of the lungs.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0158] The coulisse-eccentric motor shown in FIG. 1 consists of two side walls of the housing 1, one of which is removed, two inserts 2 that connect the side walls of the housing, housing guides 3, an coulisse 4, an eccentric 5 with the working surface of the eccentric6, and the shaft of the eccentric 7. The shaft of the eccentric has a hole 8 with its channel9 that runs through the shaft of the eccentric and the body of the eccentric, and which has a hole 10 on the working surface of the eccentric. On the opposite side of the eccentric, FIG. 2 shows a second hole 11 on the working surface of the eccentric with its channel 12 and a hole on the shaft of the eccentric 13. The coulisse-eccentric motor in FIG. 1 has internal volumes of the coulisse 14 and 15. The coulisse-eccentric motor has opposite working surfaces of the coulisse 16 that are positioned opposite each other relative to the eccentric, along which the working surface of the eccentric slides during its rotation. The distance between the opposite working surfaces of the coulisse is sufficient for the eccentric to rotate between them with the required clearance along its entire length.

[0159] The coulisse-eccentric motor shown in FIG. 1 operates as follows: the working fluid under pressure enters through the opening 8 on the eccentric shaft via channel9 and opening 10 on the working surface of the eccentric 6, reaching the internal volume of the coulisse 14. The increase in pressure in the internal volume of the coulisse 14 relative to the pressure in the internal volume of the coulisse 15 causes the coulisse 4 to move relative to the eccentric, increasing the internal volume of the coulisse 14 while simultaneously decreasing the internal volume of the coulisse 15. Due to the tilt of the opposite working surfaces of the coulisse 16 relative to the guide of the housing, the movement of the coulisse causes the eccentric 5 to rotate. The rotation of the eccentric results in a change in the position of the opening 10 on the working surface of the eccentric relative to the opposite working surfaces of the coulisse 16. The decrease in the internal volume of the coulisse 15 facilitates the discharge of the working fluid from the previous cycle to the outside through the opening 11 on the working surfaces of the eccentric via channel 12 through the opening 13 on the eccentric shaft, as shown in FIG. 2. After the holes 10 and 11 in the working surface of the eccentric become aligned with the opposite working surfaces of the coulisse 16, they will close. The eccentric will then continue its rotation due to inertia, and holes 10 and 11 will end up in different internal volumes of the coulisse. Through hole 10, the working fluid will already be supplied to the internal volume of the coulisse 15, while through hole 11, the working fluid will be discharged from the internal volume of the coulisse 14. The increase in pressure in the internal volume of the coulisse 15, which causes a rise in pressure, dampens the movement of the coulisse and stops it, then changes the direction of its motion to the opposite. Meanwhile, the direction of rotation of the eccentric remains unchanged. After this, the cycle of operation of the coulisse-eccentric motor will repeat, but for other internal volumes of the coulisse.

[0160] When used in an coulisse-eccentric motor, the external volumes of the coulisse in the internal chamber of the coulisse 18 FIG. 3, an opening 19 with its channel 20 and opening 21 have been added to the body of the coulisse, as well as an opening 22 with its channel 23 and opening 24. The first channel in the body of the coulisse FIG. 4 has an opening 19 with its channel 20 and opening 21 and connects the internal volume of the coulisse 15 with the external volume of the coulisse 28. The second channel in the body of the coulisse has an opening 22 with its channel 23 and opening 24 and connects the internal volume of the coulisse 14 with the external volume of the coulisse 29. Additionally, to the housing of the coulisse-eccentric motor with the side walls of the housing 1 FIG. 4, inserts 2 with housing guides 3, additional housing inserts 26 and 27 have been added. The additional housing inserts 26 and 27, together with the side walls of the housing 1, the two surfaces of the coulisse 17, and the housing guides 3, form and limit the external volumes of the coulisse 28 and 29, which change when the coulisse moves within the housing.

[0161] When used in an coulisse-eccentric motor, the external volumes of the coulisse operate as follows: The working fluid, under pressure, enters through hole 8 in FIG. 4 onto the shaft of the eccentric 7 via channel9 and hole 10 on the working surface of the eccentric 6, reaching the internal volume of the coulisse 14. The increase in pressure in the internal volume of the coulisse 14 relative to the pressure in the internal volume of the coulisse 15 causes the coulisse 4 to move relative to the eccentric and the eccentric to rotate. The movement of the coulisse increases the internal volume of the coulisse 14 while simultaneously decreasing the internal volume of the coulisse 15. The increase in pressure in the internal volume of the coulisse 14 is transmitted through hole 22, channel 23, and hole 24 to the external volume of the coulisse 29, which further moves the coulisse in the same direction. The external volume of the coulisse 29 increases, while the external volume of the coulisse 28 decreases simultaneously. The decrease in the external volume of the coulisse 28 discharges the working fluid from the previous working cycle into the internal volume of the coulisse 15, which also decreases. The reduction in the internal volume of the coulisse 15 causes the discharge of the working fluid from the previous cycle through hole 11 in FIG. 2, channel 12, and hole 13.

[0162] After the holes 10 and 11 in the working surface of the eccentric become aligned with the opposite working surfaces of the coulisse 16 FIG. 4, they will close. The eccentric will then continue its rotation due to inertia, and holes 10 and 11 will end up in other internal volumes of the coulisse. Through hole 10, the working fluid will already be supplied to the internal volume of the coulisse 15, and the cycle of the coulisse-eccentric motor will repeat, but for other internal and external volumes of the coulisse. To reduce the leakage of the working fluid between the two internal volumes of the coulisse 14 and 15, it has a piston-coulisse stone 32 FIG. 5. The piston-coulisse stone also determines the timing and duration of the working fluid's supply to the internal volumes of the coulisse.

[0163] The piston-coulisse stone 32 has the following surfaces: [0164] surface 33 that slides along the working surface of the eccentric; [0165] surface 34 that slides along one opposite working surface of the coulisse 16; [0166] surface 35 that limits the internal volume of the coulisse 14; [0167] surface 36 that limits the internal volume of the coulisse 15.

[0168] The piston-coulisse stone separates the working surface of the eccentric from the opposite working surfaces of the coulisse and increases the contact surface, thereby reducing the flow of the working medium between the two internal volumes of the coulisse. The dimensions of surface 33 of the piston-coulisse stone that slides along the working surface of the eccentric determine the time and duration for which the opening 10 on the working surface of the eccentric will be closed. FIG. 5 also shows a variant of the piston-coulisse stone that consists of two parts.

[0169] If it is necessary to separately supply several working fluids at different intervals to the internal volumes of the coulisse in the side walls of the housing 1, as shown in FIG. 6, holes 37 and 38 are made, the sizes and placement of which ensure the required interval and timing for the supply or discharge of the working fluid. For example, fuel can be supplied through hole 37, while an oxidizer can be supplied through holes 38. When using several internal chambers of the coulisse 18 with their own eccentric shafts in the coulisse 4, as shown in FIG. 7, the operation of the coulisse-eccentric motor occurs similarly to what has already been discussed. In this case, the rotation of the two eccentrics occurs synchronously, and the internal chambers of the coulisse can have different volumes.

[0170] To compensate for the wear of the sliding surfaces, as shown in FIG. 8, where one side wall1 is removed and not shown, the coulisse-eccentric motor has the same components: the insert 2 that connects the side walls of the housing and is made as a single piece with additional housing inserts, the guide of the housing 3, the coulisse 4, the eccentric 5 with the working surface of the eccentric 6, the shaft of the eccentric 7, and the opposite working surfaces of the coulisse 16. The guide of the housing 3 is inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the eccentric shaft, and the corresponding surfaces of the coulisse that slide on it have the same inclination. The opposite working surfaces of the coulisse 16 also have an inclination relative to the axis of rotation of the eccentric shaft and correspond to the inclination of the conical working surface of the eccentric 6. Due to these inclinations, when the eccentric shaft is displaced along its axis, it is possible to compensate for the wear of the housing guides, the working surfaces of the slider, and the working surfaces of the eccentric. The gap that forms when the eccentric shaft is moved along its axis, between the side walls and the side surface of the eccentric and the side surface of the coulisse, is eliminated by reducing the distance between the side walls of the housing or the spacers.

[0171] Some negative forces that perform negative work in well-known types of engines perform positive work in a coulisse-eccentric motor, for example: [0172] The gap between the working surface of the eccentric and the working surface of the coulisse reduces the pressure between them as the working fluid passes through, thereby lifting the eccentric, reducing the gap, and decreasing friction between the working surface of the eccentric and the opposite working surface of the coulisse on the other side; [0173] The eccentric is an asymmetrical, unbalanced component. The centrifugal force that causes vibrations in other types of engines acts on the eccentric in the coulisse-eccentric motor and additionally presses on the working surface of the coulisse, allowing it to pass the dead center when the hole on the working surface of the eccentric aligns with the working surface of the coulisse; [0174] The change in the direction of movement at the extreme position of the coulisse utilizes the kinetic energy of the coulisse for additional compression of the working fluid. The working fluid is fed into a volume that was previously reduced, the movement of the coulisse is dampened, and it changes direction of movement.