Fluid Emulsion Compositions Containing a UV-Absorbing System Including Physical UV-Attenuating Material, Surfactant, and Thickener

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to fluid emulsion compositions including a UV absorbing system (component) including at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material, a surfactant system (component) including at least one high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) surfactant and at least one low HLB surfactant, and a thickening system including at least one polysaccharide selected from anionic polysaccharides, branched homopolysaccharides, and mixtures thereof, as well as to methods of making and using such compositions.

Claims

1. A fluid emulsion composition comprising: a) a UV absorbing system comprising at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material, preferably at least one metal oxide, preferably at least one metal oxide selected from oxides of titanium, chromium, zinc, tin, alumina, cerium, and/or iron; b) a surfactant system comprising at least one high hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) surfactant and at least one low HLB surfactant, and c) a thickening system comprising at least one anionic polysaccharide thickening agent and at least one nonionic branched homopolysaccharide.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one nonionic branched homopolysaccharide is scleroglucan.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one anionic polysaccharide thickening agent is xanthan gum.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the physical UV-attenuating material comprises zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the weight ratio of zinc oxide to titanium dioxide is from 90:10 to 70:30.

6. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one antioxidant.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein (1) the at least one anionic polysaccharide thickening agent and at least one nonionic branched homopolysaccharide and (2) the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material are present in a weight ratio of about 1:27 to about 1:46.

8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material is present in the composition in an amount of at least 5% by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition, preferably about 5% to about 40% by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is devoid of organic UV filters.

10. The composition of claim 1, in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oil emulsion.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one UV absorbing system essentially contains at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material.

12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material is selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, tin oxide, alumina, cerium oxide, and mixtures thereof.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material is surface treated with a surface treatment agent, preferably the surface treating agent comprising at least one of amino acids, beeswax, fatty acids, fatty acid salts, fatty alcohols, anionic surfactants, lecithin compounds, metal alkoxides, polyethylene, silicones, proteins, alkanolamines, silicon oxides, metal oxides different from the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material, sodium hexametaphosphate, alumina, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material comprises zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide, preferably passivated.

15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material comprises zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide, preferably coated with a coating agent, preferably the coating agent comprising at least one of hydrated silica, triethoxysilylethyl polydimethylsiloxyethyl hexyl dimethicone, hydrogen dimethicone, triethoxycaprylylsilane, and mixtures thereof.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material comprises zinc oxide, preferably passivated or coated with hydrated silica and/or hydrogen dimethicone.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material has a mean primary particle size of from 1 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 5 nm to 250 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 100 nm, preferably from 20 nm to 50 nm.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material has a mean primary particle size of about 10 nm to about 40 nm.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] In the following description and the claims appended hereto, it is to be understood that the terms used have their ordinary and accustomed meanings in the art, unless otherwise specified.

[0017] About as used herein means within 10% of the indicated number (e.g., about 10% means 9%-11% and about 2% means 1.8%-2.2%).

[0018] A or an as used herein means at least one.

[0019] At least one means one or more and thus includes individual components as well as mixtures/combinations.

[0020] As used herein, all ranges provided are meant to include every specific point and range within, and combination of subranges between, the given ranges. Thus, a range from 1-5 includes specifically the integers within the range 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, as well as subranges such as and 2-5, 3-5, 2-3, 2-4, 1-4, etc., as well as all fractional numbers within the range such as 1.2, 2.3, 3.4, etc., and subranges including such fractional numbers such as 1.5-3.8, 2-4.3, 4.2-4.9, etc.

[0021] Fluid composition as used herein refers a composition which is not solid at ambient temperature (25 C.) and for which it is possible to measure a viscosity.

[0022] The term fluid is understood to mean a liquid composition which flows under its own weight at ambient temperature (25 C.) and atmospheric pressure. Advantageously, a fluid composition according to the present disclosure has a complex modulus of rigidity G* of less than 1000 Pa, preferably less than 400 Pa, preferably less than 200 Pa.

[0023] Film former, film-forming polymer or film-forming agent as used herein means a polymer or resin which is capable of leaving a film on the substrate to which it is applied, for example, after a solvent accompanying the film former has evaporated, absorbed into and/or dissipated on the substrate.

[0024] Substituted as used herein, means comprising at least one substituent. Non-limiting examples of substituents include atoms, such as hydrogen atoms or chlorine atoms, as well as functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, ether groups, alkoxy groups, acyloxyalky groups, oxyalkylene groups, polyoxyalkylene groups, carboxylic acid groups, amine groups, acylamino groups, amide groups, halogen containing groups, ester groups, thiol groups, sulphonate groups, thiosulphate groups, siloxane groups, and polysiloxane groups. The substituent(s) may be further substituted.

[0025] Volatile, as used herein, means having a flash point of less than about 115 C.

[0026] Non-volatile, as used herein, means having a flash point of greater than about 115 C.

[0027] Polymer as used herein means a compound which is made up of at least two monomers.

[0028] Free or substantially free or devoid of as it is used herein means that while it is preferred that no amount of the specific component be present in the composition, it is possible to have very small amounts of it in the compositions of the disclosure provided that these amounts do not materially affect at least one, preferably most, of the advantageous properties of the compositions of the disclosure. Thus, for example, free of oil means that an effective amount (that is, more than trace amounts) of oil(s) is/are omitted from the composition (that is, about 0% by weight), substantially free of oil means that oil(s) is/are present in amounts not greater than 0.1% by weight, and devoid of oil means that oil(s) is/are present in amounts not greater than 0.25% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. The same nomenclature applies for all other ingredients identified throughout the application and in this paragraph such as, for example, specific UV filters and/or surfactants (compositions of the disclosure which are free of oxybenzone and/or octinoxate, substantially free of oxybenzone and/or octinoxate, and devoid of oxybenzone and/or octinoxate, as well as free of surfactants, substantially free of surfactants, and devoid of surfactants, have meanings consistent with the discussion within this paragraph), even if not specifically discussed for each identified ingredient in the application. Discussed examples of the use of such language such as those in this paragraph are intended to be exemplary, not limiting.

[0029] UV filters as it is used herein means sunscreen active agents approved by a governmental regulatory agency such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the U.S. or the EU Commission in Europe and includes organic UV filters such as avobenzone, octocrylene, benzophenones, benzotriazoles and merocyanines, as well as physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating materials.

[0030] Whitening or white cast as used herein refers to the visually white appearance of keratinous substance after a composition has been applied to the keratinous material as compared to the appearance of the keratinous material prior to application of the composition. A composition is non-whitening if it provides minimal or no visually white appearance (preferably no visually white appearance) to keratinous material upon application.

[0031] Anhydrous as it is used herein means that compositions of the disclosure contain less than 3% water, meaning that the compositions can also contain less than 2% water, and less than 1% water, as well as being free of water, substantially free of water, and devoid of water as defined above.

[0032] A UV absorbing system essentially containing at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material as it is used herein means that compositions of the disclosure contain less than 3% UV filters other than physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material(s), in particular less than 3% of UV organic filters, meaning that within this definition as subcategories are compositions containing less than 2% UV filters other than physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material(s), in particular less than 2% of UV organic filters, and less than 1% UV filters other than physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material(s), in particular less than 1% of UV organic filters, as well as being free of UV filters other than physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material, substantially free of UV filters other than physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material, and devoid of UV filters other than physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material as defined above.

[0033] System and component are used interchangeably in this application.

[0034] Primary Particle as used in connection with the description of physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material herein means inorganic or organic particles (structures) which can be held together via molecular or atomic bonding to form a physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material.

[0035] Primary particle size means the size of an unaggregated primary particle in a physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material.

[0036] Passivated as used in connection with the description of physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material herein refers to a material which has been treated in a way such that the potential to release ionic species when in contact with water is reduced compared to the same non-passivated material.

[0037] Keratinous materials or keratinous substance means nails (finger and/or toe nails), skin such as body, face, and eye area, scalp, keratin fibers such as eyelashes, eyebrows, and hair, and mucous membranes such as lips.

[0038] Physiologically acceptable means compatible with keratinous materials and having a pleasant color, odor and feel, and which does not cause any unacceptable discomfort (stinging or tautness) liable to discourage a consumer from using the composition.

[0039] UV protection efficiency or filtering efficiency in the context of the present disclosure, is evaluated from one or more of SPF, UVAPF, Critical Wavelength, and UVA-I/UV ratio.

[0040] SPF (Sun Protection Factor) measures the level of protection against erythema provided by a composition. The SPF value corresponds to the ratio between the minimum erythemal dosage (MED) measured wearing the composition and the MED measured with bare skin. SPF is a known term in the sunscreen art and is defined, for example, in A new substrate to measure sunscreen protection factors throughout the ultraviolet spectrum, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 40, 127-133 (May/June 1989).

[0041] The evaluation of the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) can be performed, for example, in vitro with spectrophotometer by Labsphere (North Sutton, NH, USA). In such an evaluation, the plate is the material on which the tested composition is applied. For such an evaluation, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plates can be used. An example of an acceptable protocol is in the process of ISO accreditation under the name ISO Committee Draft 23675.

[0042] The evaluation of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) can also be performed in-vivo according to the ISO 24444:2019 protocol Cosmetics-Sun protection test methods-In-vivo determination of the sun protection factor (SPF). Also, it can be determined according to FDA protocols, as described in the document Labeling and Effectiveness Testing; Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use published in the US Federal Register on Jul. 5, 2011 (https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2011-14766); 21 C.F.R. Part 352 Subpart D 352.72, updated and revised by the 2011 publication in the Federal Register.

[0043] UVAPF (UVA protection factor) relates to an index characterizing the protection against UVA provided by a composition. For example, the UVAPF index can be measured in vivo according to the PPD (Persistent Pigment Darkening) method in the ISO-24442:2022 protocol, measuring observed skin color 2 to 4 hours after UVA exposure. Also, it can be determined according to FDA protocols, again as described in 21 C.F.R. Part 352 Subpart D 352.72 as discussed above in connection with SPF.

[0044] The evaluation of UVA protection can also be measured in vitro with the Labsphere spectrophotometer under conditions such as those discussed above in connection with SPF. ISO 24443:2021 protocol describes such an in vitro method.

[0045] FDA broad spectrum testing procedures, in particular critical wavelength testing procedures, can also be found at 21 C.F.R. Part 352 Subpart D 352.72. Also, broad spectrum testing procedures include determining the UVA1/UV ratio as described in Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use published in the Federal Register https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/02/26/2019-03019/sunscreen-drug-products-for-over-the-counter-human-use.

[0046] According to the present disclosure, compositions of the present disclosure preferably have one or more of the following properties:

[0047] Compositions have a critical wavelength as determined by FDA's critical wavelength procedures of at least 370 nm;

[0048] Compositions have an SPF value of at least 15, preferably at least 30, preferably at least 50 and preferably at least 70;

[0049] Compositions have a UVAPF/SPF ratio of at least 1/3, and preferably at least 2/5; and/or

[0050] Compositions have a UVA1/UV ratio of 0.7 or higher, preferably 0.75 or higher, and preferably 0.8 or higher.

[0051] Makeup Result as used herein, refers to compositions where color remains the same or substantially the same as at the time of application, as viewed by the naked eye, after an extended period of time. Makeup Result may be evaluated by evaluating long wear properties by any method known in the art for evaluating such properties. For example, long wear may be evaluated by a test involving the application of a composition to keratinous material such as skin and evaluating the color of the composition after an extended period of time. For example, the color of a composition may be evaluated immediately following application to keratinous material such as skin and these characteristics may then be re-evaluated and compared after a certain amount of time. Further, these characteristics may be evaluated with respect to other compositions, such as commercially available compositions.

[0052] Natural as in the phrase natural compound refers to any compound derived directly from a natural substance such as a plant without having undergone any chemical modification.

[0053] Compound of natural origin refers to any compound derived from a natural compound which has undergone one or more chemical modifications, for example by organic synthesis reaction, without the properties of the natural compound having been modified.

[0054] Synthetic compound refers to any compound which is not a natural compound or a compound of natural origin.

[0055] Room temperature means about 20-25 C.

[0056] Atmospheric pressure means about 760 mmHg, i.e. about 10.sup.5 pascals.

[0057] UV filter and sunscreen agent are used interchangeably in this application.

[0058] UV efficacy and UV efficiency and UV protection efficacy are used interchangeably in this application.

[0059] The compositions and methods of the present disclosure can comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the disclosure described herein, as well as any additional or optional ingredients, components, or limitations described herein or otherwise useful. For example, the UV (ultraviolet) absorbing system of the compositions of the disclosure can consist essentially of at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material(s).

[0060] For purposes of the present disclosure, the basic and novel property associated with compositions, components and methods related to UV protection properties which consist essentially of identified ingredients or actions is SPF.

[0061] For purposes of the present disclosure, the basic and novel property associated with compositions, components and methods related to composition properties consist essentially of identified ingredients or actions is stability.

[0062] Stable or stability as used herein means emulsion compositions which do not indicate visible signs of separation, creaming, and/or settling over an indicated time period of up to 12 weeks at temperatures of 25 C. and 45 C.

[0063] Compositions of the present disclosure may be in any form suitable for use as a personal care composition, such as that of a stick, a paste, a cream, a liquid, a solid, etc. These compositions can be used for any personal care purpose in cosmetic and/or dermatological products such as, for example, a sunscreen, a foundation, lip balms, lipsticks, concealers, mascaras, leave-in hair products, eye shadows, powders, etc.

[0064] Referred to herein are trade names for materials including, but not limited to, materials such as polymers and optional components. Materials are not intended to be limited by materials described and referenced by a certain trade name herein. Equivalent materials (e.g., those obtained from a different source under a different name or catalog (reference) number) to those referenced by trade name may be substituted and utilized in the methods described and claimed herein.

[0065] All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. All percentages are calculated based on the total weight of a composition unless otherwise indicated. All component or composition levels are in reference to the active level of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources.

[0066] All U.S. patents or patent applications disclosed herein are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Composition

Physical UV-Attenuating Material

[0067] According to the present disclosure, compositions comprising at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material are provided. Physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material as used herein refers to solid inorganic ingredients which absorb incoming ultraviolet (UV)-light, and may optionally scatter incoming ultraviolet (UV)-light, when present in compositions disclosed herein. The physical UV-attenuating material preferably comprises metal oxide(s) such as, for example, oxides of titanium, chromium, zinc, tin, alumina, cerium, and/or iron. Specific examples of suitable metal oxide(s) include, but are not limited to, at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, tin oxide, alumina, cerium oxide, and mixtures thereof.

[0068] The physical UV-attenuating material may be subjected to a surface treatment agent to improve sensory, performance, and/or compatibility of the compositions disclosed herein. Suitable surface treatment agents may include hydrophobic or hydrophilic surface treatment agents such as, for example, those described in Cosmetics & Toiletries, February 1990, Vol. 105, pp. 53-64, including but not limited to specific examples such as amino acids, beeswax, fatty acids, fatty acid salts, fatty alcohols, anionic surfactants, lecithin, lecithin derivatives, metal alkoxides, polyethylene, silicones, proteins, alkanolamines, silicon oxides, metal oxides, sodium hexametaphosphate, alumina, and/or glycerol. Preferably, the physical UV-attenuating material is passivated.

[0069] Preferably, the physical UV-attenuating material comprises one or more of zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide. Preferably, the physical UV-attenuating material comprising one or more of zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide is passivated.

[0070] According to preferred embodiments, the physical UV-attenuating material comprises titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide may be present in any form in the compositions disclosed herein. Further, the TiO2 can be treated (coated) or untreated.

[0071] According to preferred embodiments, the physical UV-attenuating material comprises zinc oxide. Zinc oxide may be present in any form (e.g., wurtzite or zincblende form) in the compositions disclosed herein. Further, the zinc oxide can be treated (coated) or untreated.

[0072] Preferably, the physical UV-attenuating material comprises zinc oxide. Preferably, the zinc oxide is passivated.

[0073] Preferably, the physical UV-attenuating material comprises titanium dioxide. Preferably, the titanium dioxide is passivated.

[0074] Preferably, mean primary particle size of the physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material is from 1 mm to 500 mm, preferably from 5 nm to 250 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 100 nm, and preferably from 20 nm to 50 nm, including all ranges and subranges therebetween such as, for example, 25 nm to 40 nm, 10 nm to 75 nm, and 15 nm to 150 nm.

[0075] Suitable examples of coated pigments include but are not limited to titanium dioxides that have been coated such as titanium dioxides: [0076] with hydrated silica, such as the product MT-100WP from Tayca, [0077] with silica and iron oxide, such as the product Sunveil F from Ikeda, [0078] with silica and alumina, such as the products MT-500SA and MT-100SA from Tayca and Tioveil AQ-N from Croda, [0079] with alumina, such as the product TTO-55 (A) from Ishihara, [0080] with alumina and aluminium stearate, such as the products MT-100TV, MT-100Z and MT-01 from Tayca, the product Solaveil CT100 from Croda and the product Eusolex T-AVO from Merck, [0081] with silica, alumina and alginic acid, such as the product MT-100AQ from Tayca, [0082] with alumina and aluminium laurate, [0083] with iron oxide and iron stearate, [0084] with zinc oxide and zinc stearate, [0085] with silica and alumina and treated with a silicone, such as the products MTY-500SAS or Microtitanium Dioxide MT-100SAS from Tayca, [0086] with silica, alumina, and aluminium stearate and treated with a silicone, [0087] with silica and treated with a silicone, [0088] with silica and treated with a silicone, such as the product TTO-55(S) from Ishihara, [0089] with triethanolamine, [0090] with stearic acid, such as the product TTO-55 (C) from Ishihara, [0091] with sodium hexametaphosphate, [0092] with octyltrimethylsilane, [0093] with a polydimethylsiloxane, with anatase/rutile TiO.sub.2 treated with a polydimethylhydrogenosiloxane, [0094] with triethylhexanoin, with aluminium stearate and with alumina sold under the trade name Solaveil CT-200 by Croda, [0095] with aluminium stearate, with alumina and with silicone, sold under the trade name Solaveil CT-12W by Croda, [0096] with lauroyl lysine, and/or [0097] with C.sub.9-C.sub.15 fluoroalcohol phosphate and with aluminium hydroxide.

[0098] Mention may also be made of TiO.sub.2 pigments doped with at least one transition metal such as iron, zinc or manganese, preferably manganese. Preferably, the doped pigments are in the form of an oily dispersion. The oil present in the oily dispersion is preferably chosen from triglycerides such as, for example, capric/caprylic acids. The oily dispersion of titanium oxide particles may also comprise one or more dispersants, for instance a sorbitan ester, for instance sorbitan isostearate, or a polyoxyalkylenated fatty acid ester of glycerol, for instance Tri-PPG-3 myristyl ether citrate and polyglyceryl-3 polyricinoleate. Preferably, the oily dispersion of titanium oxide particles includes at least one dispersant chosen from polyoxyalkylenated fatty acid esters of glycerol. Mention may be made more particularly of the oily dispersion of TiO.sub.2 particles doped with manganese in capric/caprylic acid triglyceride in the presence of Tri-PPG-3 myristyl ether citrate and polyglyceryl-3 polyricinoleate and sorbitan isostearate having the INCI name: titanium dioxide (and) TRI-PPG-3 myristyl ether citrate (and) polyglyceryl-3 ricinoleate (and) sorbitan isostearate, for instance the product sold under the trade name Optisol OTP-1 by Croda.

[0099] Suitable uncoated titanium oxide includes, but it not limited to, those sold by Tayca under the trade names MT-500B or MT-600B, or by Evonik under the name Degussa P 25.

[0100] Suitable examples of uncoated zinc oxide include, but are not limited to, zinc oxide marketed under the name Z-COTE by BASF, zinc oxide marketed under the name NanoArc Zinc Oxide by the company Nanophase Technologies, zinc oxide marketed under the name MZ-500, MZ-300, MZ-200 or MZ-150 by TAYCA.

[0101] Treated (coated) zinc oxide compounds arc compounds that have undergone one or more surface treatments of chemical, electronic, mechanochemical and/or mechanical nature with compounds as described, for example, in Cosmetics & Toiletries, February 1990, Vol. 105, pp. 53-64, such as amino acids, beeswax, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, anionic surfactants, lecithins, sodium, potassium, zinc, iron or aluminum salts of fatty acids, metal alkoxides (titanium or aluminum), polyethylene, silicones, hydrated silica, proteins (collagen, elastin), alkanolamines, silicon oxides, triethoxycaprylylsilane, metal oxides or sodium hexametaphosphate.

[0102] Examples of suitable coated zinc oxide include, but are not limited to, zinc oxide coated with polymethylhydrogensiloxane; zinc oxide dispersed in C12-15 alkyl benzonate (INCI: Zinc Oxide (and) C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate (and) Polyhydroxystearic Acid (and) Isostearic Acid), marketed by Croda under the tradename Sovaveil CZ-100; zinc oxide dispersions in C9-12 alkane with a dispersing agent, marketed under the tradename DAITOPERSION Zn-60VA by the company Daito Kasei; ZnO coated with silicone grafted acrylic polymer, dispersed in cyclodimethylsiloxane, marketed under the name SPD-Z5 by Shin-Etsu; ZnO coated with hydrated silica, marketed by TAYCA under the name MZ-500HP; ZnO coated with hydrated silica, triethoxysilylethyl polydimethylsiloxyethyl hexyl dimethicone and hydrogen dimethicone (H-Me-Si), marketed by TAYCA under the name MZ-510 HPSX; ZnO coated with stearic acid or isostearic acid, such as those marketed by TAYCA under the name MZ-505T, MZY-505EX or MZY-304EX; ZnO coated with silicone oil, such as those marketed by TAYCA under the name MZX-510HPS, MZY-505S, MZY-510M3S, MZ-505M, MZY-303S, MZY-303M, MZY-203S, MZY-210M3S or MZY-153S; ZnO coated with triethoxycaprylylsilane, such as those sold by BASF under the name Z-COTE HP1, or by TAYCA under the name MZX-5080TS, MZY-2030TS or MZX-3040TS or by DSM under the name PARSOL ZX; for example: ZnO marketed under the trademark Oxide Zinc CS-5 by Toshiba (ZnO coated with polymethylhydrosiloxane); ZnO marketed under the trademark Nanogard Zinc Oxide FN by Nanophase Technologies (as a 40% dispersion in Finsolv TN, C12-C15 alkyl benzoate); ZnO marketed under the trademark Daitopersion Zn-30 and Daitopersion Zn-50 by Daito (dispersions in oxyethylenated polydimethylsiloxane/cyclopolymethylsiloxane comprising 30% or 50% of zinc nano-oxides coated with silica and polymethylhydrosiloxane); ZnO marketed under the trademark NFD Ultrafine ZnO by Daikin (ZnO coated with phosphate of perfiuoroalkyl and a copolymer based on perfluoroalkylethyl as a dispersion in cyclopentasiloxane); ZnO marketed under the trademark SPD-Z1 by Shin-Etsu (ZnO coated with a silicone-grafted acrylic polymer dispersed in cyclodimethylsiloxane); ZnO marketed under the trademark Escalol Z100 by ISP (alumina-treated ZnO dispersed in an ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate/PVP-hexadecene copolymer/methicone mixture); ZnO marketed under the trademark Fuji ZnO-SMS-10 by Fuji Pigment (ZnO coated with silica and polymethylsilsesquioxane); and ZnO marketed under the trademark Nanox Gel TN by Elementis (ZnO dispersed at 55% in C12-C15 alkyl benzoate with hydroxystearic acid polycondensate); ZnO marketed under the trademark Finex by SAKAI such as FINEX-50LP, FINEX-50S-LP2 and FINEX-30S-LPT (ZnO coated with Hydrogen dimethicone); FINEX-33W (ZnO coated with Hydrated silica), FINEX-52W-LP2 and FINEX-33W-LP2 (ZnO coated with Hydrogen dimethicone and Hydrated silica), FINEX-50-OTS and FINEX-30-OTS (ZnO coated with Triethoxycaprylysilane).

[0103] Preferred coatings for zinc oxide preferably comprise one or more of the following: hydrated silica, triethoxysilylethyl polydimethylsiloxyethyl, hexyl dimethicone, hydrogen dimethicone, and/or triethoxycaprylysilane.

[0104] According to preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, the zinc oxide may be in platelet form, and may be coated or uncoated. Suitable examples of such forms are sold by Croda under the Solaveil (MicNo) name such as Solaveil MXP3, MZP7, MZP8, MZ3-100, MZ3-300 AND MZ7-100. Preferably, zinc oxide platelets useful according to the present disclosure (1) have a median specific surface area of more than 25 square meters per gram, preferably greater than 30 square meters per gram, and/or (2) are transparent (that is, >30% transmission at 600 nm). Suitable examples of such platelet forms can also be found in U.S. Pat. No. 11,608,275, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0105] Suitable examples of other coated oxides include, but are not limited to, coated oxides preferably having amphiphilic properties such as: [0106] titanium oxides coated with cetyl phosphate and with silica, such as the product Eusolex T-EASY from Merck; [0107] titanium oxides coated with polyglyceryl-10 oleate and with stearic acid, such as MTY-200STW from Tayca; [0108] zinc oxides coated with polyglyceryl-10 oleate and with isostearic acid, such as MZY-505EXW from Tayca; [0109] titanium oxides coated with polysorbate 80 and with isostearic acid, such as MT-10EXW from Tayca; and [0110] zinc oxides coated with polysorbate 80 and with isostearic acid, such as MZY-304EXW from Tayca.

[0111] Preferably, the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material is/are present in compositions of the present disclosure in an amount of at least about 5% by weight, preferably at least about 10% by weight, preferably at least about 12% by weight, preferably at least about 14% by weight, and preferably at least about 15% by weight, with the upper end of the range of the at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material present preferably being about 40% by weight (e.g., about 5-40%, about 10-40%, about 12-40%, etc.), preferably about 30% by weight (e.g., about 5-30%, about 10-30%, about 12-30%, etc.), preferably about 25% by weight (e.g., about 5-25%, about 10-25%, about 12-25%, etc.), and preferably about 20% by weight (e.g., about 5-20%, about 10-20%, about 12-20%, etc.), with all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

[0112] According to preferred embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure contain a UV absorbing system essentially containing physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material(s) as defined above.

Additional Sunscreen Agents

[0113] According to preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, compositions optionally further comprising at least one additional UV filter (in addition to at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material) selected from the group consisting of organic UV filters are provided. However, as noted above, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure include compositions of the present disclosure containing a UV absorbing system containing little or no organic UV filter as defined above.

[0114] Additional organic UV filter(s) can be hydrophilic or lipophilic. Hydrophilic organic UV filter means a water-soluble organic UV filter or a water-dispersible (in colloidal form) organic UV filter. Lipophilic organic UV filter means a UV filter which is dissolved or dispersed in colloidal form in a liquid fatty phase.

[0115] Suitable organic UV filters can be selected from the following non-exhaustive list of compounds: cinnamic compounds; anthranilate compounds; Para-aminobenzoic acid compounds; salicylic compounds; dibenzoylmethane compounds; camphor compounds; benzophenone compounds; ,-diphenylacrylate compounds; triazine compounds such as Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine; benzotriazole compounds; benzalmalonate compounds including those mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,663; benzimidazole derivatives; imidazoline compounds; bis-benzoazolyl compounds as described in patents EP669323 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,463,264; methylene bis-(hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole) compounds as described in applications U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,237,071, 5,166,355, GB2303549, DE 197 26 184 and EP893119; benzoxazole compounds as described in patent applications EP0832642, EP1027883, EP1300137 and DE10162844; polymer filters and silicone filters such as those described in particular in application WO-93/04665; dimers derived from -alkylstyrene such as those described in patent application DE19855649; 4,4-diarylbutadienes compounds as described in applications EP0967200, DE19746654, DE19755649, EP-A-1008586, EP1133980 and EP133981 and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the lipophilic organic UV filters are selected from salicylic compounds, dibenzoylmethane compounds, benzylidene camphor compounds; benzophenone compounds; triazine compounds; benzotriazole compounds; as well as other categories of compounds identified herein; and mixtures thereof.

[0116] Specific reference can be made to suitable salicylic compounds including Homosalate (homomentyl salicylate), for example marketed under the trademark Eusolex HMS by Rona/EM Industries; and ethylhexyl salicylate, for example marketed under the trademark Neo Heliopan OS by Symrise; and glycol salicylate. Other examples of salicylate compounds include phenyl salicylate; dipropyleneglycol salicylate, for example marketed under the trademark Dipsal by Scher; and TEA salicylate, for example marketed under the trademark Neo Heliopan TS by Symrise.

[0117] Examples of suitable ,-Diphenylacrylate compounds include Octocrylene, for example marketed under the trademark Uvinul N539 by BASF; and Etocrylene, for example marketed under the trademark Uvinul N35 by BASF.

[0118] Suitable anthranilic compounds can include menthyl anthranilates, for example marketed under the trademark Neo Heliopan MA by Symrise.

[0119] Examples of dibenzoylmethane compounds include Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, for example marketed under the trademark Parsol 1789 by DSM; and isopropyl dibenzoylmethane.

[0120] Suitable cinnamic compounds include Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, for example marketed under the trademark Parsol MCX by DSM; isopropyl methoxycinnamate; isopropoxy methoxycinnamate; isoamyl methoxycinnamate, for example marketed under the trademark Neo Heliopan E 1000 by Symrise; cinoxate (2-ethoxyethyl-4-methoxy cinnamate); DEA methoxycinnamate; diisopropyl methylcinnamate; and glyceryl ethylhexanoate dimethoxycinnamate.

[0121] Examples of camphor compounds include benzylidenecamphor derivatives: 3-benzylidene camphor, for example marketed under the trademark Mexoryl SD by Chimex; 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, for example marketed under the trademark Eusolex 6300 by Merck; benzylidene camphor sulfonic acid, for example marketed under the trademark Mexoryl SL by Noveal; camphor benzalkonium methosulfate, for example marketed under the trademark Mexoryl SO by Noveal; terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid, for example marketed under the trademark Mexoryl SX by Noveal; and polyacrylamidomethyl benzylidene camphor, for example marketed under the trademark Mexoryl SW by Noveal.

[0122] Suitable benzophenone compounds include benzophenone-1 (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone), such as that marketed under the trademark Uvinul 400 by BASF; benzophenonc-2 (Tetrahydroxybenzophenone), such as that marketed under the trademark Uvinul D50 by BASF; Benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone) or oxybenzone, such as that marketed under the trademark Uvinul M40 by BASF; benzophenone-4 (hydroxymethoxy benzophonene sulfonic acid), such as that marketed under the trademark Uvinul MS40 by BASF; benzophenone-5 (Sodium hydroxymethoxy benzophenone Sulfonate); benzophenone-6 (dihydroxy dimethoxy benzophenone); such as that marketed under the trademark Helisorb 11 by Norquay; benzophenone-8, such as that marketed under the trademark Spectra-Sorb UV-24 by American Cyanamid; benzophenone-9 (Disodium dihydroxy dimethoxy benzophenonedisulfonate), such as that marketed under the trademark Uvinul DS-49 by BASF; and benzophenone-12, and n-hexyl 2-(4-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoate (such as that marketed under the tradename UVINUL A+ by BASF).

[0123] Examples of triazine compounds include 4-bis-{[4-(2-ethyl hexyloxy)-2-hydroxyl-phenyl]-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (INCI name: Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine (BEMT)), Diethylhexyl butamido triazone, such as that marketed under the trademark Uvasorb HEB by Sigma 3V; 2,4,6-tris(dineopentyl 4-aminobenzalmalonate)-s-triazine, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, such as that marketed under the trademark TINOSORB S by BASF, and ethylhexyl triazone, such as that marketed under the trademark UVTNUL T150 by BASF.

[0124] Suitable benzotriazole compounds include phenylbenzotriazole derivatives: 2-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylpheno, branched and linear; and those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,240,975.

[0125] Suitable benzalmalonate compounds include Dineopentyl 4-methoxyhnzalmalonate, and polyorganlosiloxane comprising benzalmalonate functional groups, such as polysilicone-15, such as that marketed under the trademark Parsol SLX by Hoffmann-LaRoche.

[0126] Examples of benzimidazole compounds include, in particular, phenylbenzimidazole derivatives such as phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, such as that marketed in particular under the trademark Eusolex 232 by Merck, and disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate, such as that marketed under the trademark Neo Heliopan AP by Symrise.

[0127] Suitable imidazoline compounds include Ethylhexyl dimethoxybenzylidene dioxoimidazoline propionate.

[0128] Examples of bis-benzoazolyl compounds include the compounds described in EP-669.323 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,463,264.

[0129] Suitable para-aminobenzoic acid compounds include PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid), ethyl PABA, Ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, pentyl dimethyl PABA, ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA, such as that marketed under the trademark Escalol 507 by ISP, glyceryl PABA, and PEG-25 PABA, such as that marketed under the trademark Uvinul P25 by BASF.

[0130] Suitable methylene bis-(hydroxyphenylbenzotriazol) compounds include 2,2-methylenebis[6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-phenol], such as that marketed under the trademark Mixxim BB/200 by Fairmount Chemical, 2,2-methylenebis[6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol], such as that marketed in the micronized form in aqueous dispersion under the trademark Tinosorb M by BASF, or under the trademark Mixxim BB/100 by Fairmount Chemical, and the derivatives as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,237,071 and 5,166,355, GB-2,303,549, DE-197,26,184, and EP-893,119, and Drometrizole trisiloxane, such as that marketed under the trademark Silatrizole by Rhodia Chimie orMexoryl XL by L'Oral.

[0131] Examples of benzoxazole compounds include 2,4-bis[5-1(dimethylpropyl)benzoxazol-2-yl-(4-phenyl)imino]-6-(2-ethylhexyl)imino-1,3,5-triazine, such as that marketed under the trademark of Uvasorb K2A by Sigma 3V.

[0132] Suitable examples of screening polymers and screening silicones include the silicones described in WO 93/04665.

[0133] Suitable dimers derived from a-alkylstyrene include the dimers described in DE-19855649.

[0134] Examples of 4,4-Diarylbutadiene compounds include 1,1-dicarboxy(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-4,4-diphenylbutadiene.

[0135] If present, the at least one additional organic UV filter is preferably present in compositions of the present disclosure in an amount of at least about 1% by weight, preferably at least about 5% by weight, preferably at least about 10% by weight, preferably at least about 12.5% by weight, and preferably at least about 15% by weight, with the upper end of the range of additional UV filter present preferably being about 40% by weight (e.g., about 1-40%, about 10-40%, about 12.5-40%, etc.), preferably about 30% by weight (e.g., about 5-30%, about 10-30%, about 15-30%, etc.), preferably about 25% by weight (e.g., about 5-25%, about 10-25%, about 15-25%, etc.), and preferably about 20% by weight (e.g., about 1-20%, about 5-20%, about 10-20%, etc.), with all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

[0136] According to preferred embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure comprise 10% or less by weight relative to the total weight of composition of such optional additional UV filters, preferably less than 7.5% by weight relative to the total weight of composition, preferably less than 5% by weight relative to the total weight of composition, preferably less than 3% by weight relative to the total weight of composition, and preferably less than 1% by weight relative to the total weight of composition.

[0137] According to preferred embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure further comprise at least one additional organic UV filter selected from the group consisting of 4-bis-{[4-(2-ethyl hexyloxy)-2-hydroxyl-phenyl]-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (INCI name: Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine), Avobenzone (butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane), Octisalate (ethylhexyl salicylate), Ensulizole (Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid), Homosalate, Octocrylene, and mixtures thereof. In such embodiments, the UV absorbing system can consist of or consist essentially of (1) at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material and (2) at least one organic UV filter selected from the group consisting of 4-bis-{[4-(2-ethyl hexyloxy)-2-hydroxyl-phenyl]-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (INCI name: Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine), Avobenzone (butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane), Octisalate (ethylhexyl salicylate), Ensulizole (Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid), Homosalate, Octocrylene, and mixtures thereof.

[0138] According to other preferred embodiments, however, compositions of the present disclosure are free of, substantially free of, or devoid of as defined above of one or more of additional organic UV filters selected from the group consisting of 4-bis-{[4-(2-ethyl hexyloxy)-2-hydroxyl-phenyl]-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (INCI name: Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine), Avobenzone (butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane), Octisalate (ethylhexyl salicylate), Ensulizole (Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid), Homosalate, and Octocrylene, preferably two or more, preferably three or more, preferably four or more, or preferably all five of these sunscreen agents.

[0139] According to preferred embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure are free of, substantially free of, or devoid of as defined above of one or more of additional organic UV filters selected from the group consisting of OXYBENZONE (benzophenone-3), OCTINOXATE (Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate), ETHYLHEXYL TRIAZONE, DROMETRIZOLE TRISILOXANE, METHYLENE BIS-BENZOTRIAZOLYL TETRAMETHYLBUTYL PHENOL, DIETHYLAMINO HYDROXY BENZOYL HEXYL BENZOATE, DIETHYLHEXYL BUTAMIDO TRIAZONE, ISOAMYL P-METHOXYCINNAMATE, POLYSILICONE-15, 4-METHYLBENZYLIDENE CAMPHOR, DISODIUM PHENYL DIBENZIMIDAZOLE TETRASULFONATE, METHOXYPROPYLAMINO CYCLOHEXENYLIDENE ETHOXYETHYLCYANOACETATE, 4-bis-{[4-(2-ethyl hexyloxy)-2-hydroxyl-phenyl]-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (INCI name: Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine), preferably two or more, preferably three or more, preferably four or more, etc., and preferably free of, substantially free of, or devoid of all of these sunscreen agents.

[0140] According to preferred embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure are free of, substantially free of, or devoid of as defined above of OXYBENZONE (benzophenone-3) and/or OCTINOXATE (Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate) and/or 4-bis-{[4-(2-ethyl hexyloxy)-2-hydroxyl-phenyl]-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (INCI name: Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine).

[0141] According to preferred embodiments, the UV absorbing system of compositions of the present disclosure can consist of or consist essentially of at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material.

[0142] According to preferred embodiments, this disclosure contemplates omitting one or more of any of the specific UV filters discussed above from the UV absorbing system of compositions of the present disclosure. By way of example, octocrylene and/or octinoxate can be omitted from the compositions. Similar omission of one or more of any of the specific UV filters discussed is thus contemplated.

Qil

[0143] According to the present disclosure, emulsion compositions comprising at least one oil are provided. Oil means a substance which is hydrophobic and lipophilic, and is a liquid at about room temperature (20 to 25 C.) and about atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg).

[0144] Suitable include volatile and/or non-volatile oils. Such oils can be any acceptable oil including but not limited to silicone oils and/or hydrocarbon oils.

[0145] According to certain embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure preferably comprise one or more volatile silicone oils. Examples of such volatile silicone oils include linear or cyclic silicone oils having from 2 to 7 silicon atoms, these silicones being optionally substituted with alkyl or alkoxy groups of 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Specific oils that may be used in the disclosure include octamethyltetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, heptamethyloctyltrisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, dodecamethylpentasiloxane and their mixtures. Other volatile oils which may be used include KF 96A of 6 cSt viscosity, a commercial product from Shin Etsu having a flash point of 94 C. Preferably, the volatile silicone oils have a flash point of at least 40 C.

[0146] Non-limiting examples of volatile silicone oils are listed in Table 1 below.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Flash Point Viscosity Compound ( C.) (cSt) Octyltrimethicone 93 1.2 Hexyltrimethicone 79 1.2 Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane 72 4.2 (cyclopentasiloxane or D5) Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane 55 2.5 (cyclotetradimethylsiloxane or D4) Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) 93 7 Decamethyltetrasiloxane(L4) 63 1.7 KF-96 A from Shin Etsu 94 6 PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) DC 200 56 1.5 (1.5 cSt) from Dow Corning PDMS DC 200 (2 cSt) from Dow Corning 87 2

[0147] Further, a volatile linear silicone oil may be employed in the present disclosure. Suitable volatile linear silicone oils include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,338,839 and WO03/042221, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In one embodiment the volatile linear silicone oil is decamethyltetrasiloxane. In another embodiment, the decamethyltetrasiloxane is further combined with another solvent that is more volatile than decamethyltetrasiloxane.

[0148] According to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition of preferably comprises one or more non-silicone volatile oils and may be selected from volatile hydrocarbon oils, volatile esters and volatile ethers. Examples of such volatile non-silicone oils include, but are not limited to, volatile hydrocarbon oils having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms and their mixtures and in particular branched C.sub.8 to C.sub.16 alkanes such as C.sub.8 to C.sub.16 isoalkanes (also known as isoparaffins), isohexacecane, isododecane, isodecane, and for example, the oils sold under the trade names of Isopar or Permethyl. Preferably, the volatile non-silicone oils have a flash point of at least 40 C.

[0149] Non-limiting examples of volatile non-silicone volatile oils are given in Table 2 below.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Compound Flash Point ( C.) Isododecane 43 Propylene glycol n-butyl ether 60 Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate 58 Propylene glycol methylether acetate 46 Isopar L (isoparaffin C.sub.11-C.sub.13) 62 Isopar H (isoparaffin C.sub.11-C.sub.12) 56

[0150] According to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the composition comprises at least one non-volatile oil. Examples of non-volatile oils that may be used in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, polar oils such as, for example: [0151] esters and ethers, in particular fatty acids, such as oils of formulas R1COOR2, wherein R 1 represents the remainder of a fatty acid having from 8 to 29 carbon atoms, and R 2 represents a hydrocarbon chain, branched or not, containing from 2 to 30 carbon atoms, such as for example Purcellin oil, ethyl oleate, ethyl stearate, isononyl isononanoate, isopropyl myristate, ethyl-2-hexyl palmitate, octyl-2-dodecyl stearate, octyl-2-dodecyl erucate, isostearyl isostearate; hydroxylated esters such as isostearyl lactate, octylhydroxystearate, octyldodecyl hydroxystearate, diisostearylmalate, triisocetyl citrate, heptanoates, octanoates, fatty alcohol decanoates; polyol esters, such as propylene glycol dioctanoate, neopentylglycol diheptanoate and diethylene glycol diisononanoate; glyceryl triesters such as triesters of glycerol and of C12-C22 fatty acid, preferably C16-C18 fatty acid, preferably C18 fatty acid, such as triester of glycerin and isostearic acid (triisostearin), triester of glycerin and stearic acid (tristearin), triester of glycerin and oleic acid (triolein), glyceryl tripalmitate, glyceryl trilaurate, etc.; and esters of pentaerythritol such as pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate or dipentaerythrityl pentaisononanoate; [0152] ethers containing from 10 to 40 carbon atoms; [0153] liquid C.sub.8 to C.sub.26 fatty alcohols, for instance oleyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, octyldodecanol, and cetearly alcohol; [0154] hydrocarbon oils of animal origin, such as perhydrosqualene; [0155] hydrocarbon oils of vegetable origin, such as liquid triglycerides of fatty acids having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as triglycerides of heptanoic or octanoic acids or, for example, sunflower, corn, soybean, squash, grape seed, sesame, hazelnut, apricot, macadamia, ara, sunflower oil, castor oil, avocado, triglycerides of caprylic/capric acids such as those sold by the company Stearineries Dubois or those sold under the names Miglyol 810, 812 and 818 by the company Dynamit Nobel, coco-caprylate/caprate (esterified oil from coconut oil), jojoba oil, shea butter oil; and [0156] mixtures thereof.

[0157] Further, examples of non-volatile oils that may be used in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, non-polar oils such as branched and unbranched hydrocarbons, in particular Vaseline (petrolatum), paraffin oil, squalane, squalene, hydrogenated polyisobutene, hydrogenated polydecene, polybutene, mineral oil, pentahydrosqualene, and mixtures thereof.

[0158] According to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the compositions of the present disclosure comprise at least one non-volatile silicone oil. Suitable examples of such silicone oils include, but are not limited to, non-volatile silicone fluids such as, for example, polyalkyl (aryl) siloxanes. Suitable polyalkyl siloxanes include, but are not limited to, polydimethyl siloxanes, which have the CTFA designation dimethicone, polydiethyl siloxane, phenyl trimethicone, trimethyl pentaphenyl trisiloxane, phenyldimethicone, phenyltrimethylsiloxydiphenylsiloxane, diphenyldimethicone, and diphenylmethyldiphenyltrisiloxane and those siloxanes disclosed in U.S. patent application publication no. 2004/0126350, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Specific examples of suitable high viscosity silicone oils include, but are not limited to, 15 M 30 from PCR (500 cSt) or Belsil PDM 1000 (1 000 cSt) from Wacker and Dow Corning 200 (350 cSt) (the values in parenthesis represent viscosities at 25 C.).

[0159] Particularly preferred oils include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: Diisopropyl Sebacate, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Phenethyl Benzoate, Isopropyl Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Diisopropyl Adipate, Dibutyl Adipate, Dicaprylyl Carbonate, Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Coco Glycerides, Caprylic/capric triglyceride, Isopropyl Myristat, Isopropyl Palmitate, Coco Caprylate/Caprate, Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Isononyl isononanoate, Octyl dodecanol, Isohexadecane, isododecane, Dicaprylyl Ether, C15-19 Alkane, and mixtures thereof.

[0160] According to preferred embodiments, the at least one oil is/are present in the compositions of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 50% by weight, more preferably from about 5 to about 40% by weight, and preferably from about 10% to about 35% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, including all ranges and subranges within these ranges such as, for example, 15% to 40%, 20% to 45%, etc.

Aqueous Phase

[0161] According to the present disclosure, emulsion compositions comprising an aqueous phase comprising water are provided. Water is preferably present in the emulsion compositions of the present disclosure in an amount of from about 10% to about 80% by weight, preferably from about 20% to about 70% by weight, preferably from about 35% to about 65% by weight, including all ranges and subranges therebetween, all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

[0162] Preferably, the emulsion compositions of the present disclosure are in the form of an emulsion containing an external aqueous phase such as an oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) or a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion (W/O/W), or an emulsion containing an external oil phase such as a water-in-oil emulsion (W/O) or an oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) emulsion. Preferably, the oil phase can contain silicone oils (e.g., Si/W or W/Si emulsion) or hydrocarbon oils.

[0163] The aqueous phase may further comprise at least one water-soluble organic solvent which is liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. For example, such at least one water-soluble organic solvent may include: [0164] C1-C5 monoalcohols having a C1-C5 alkane chain and a single hydroxyl function (OH). Suitable C1-C5 monoalcohols include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and mixtures thereof; [0165] polyols (compounds having 2 or more hydroxyl groups) having, for example from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as for example glycerol, diglycerol, propylene glycol, isoprene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, pentylene glycol, simple sugars, and water-soluble polyalkylene glycols; [0166] and mixtures thereof.

[0167] According to preferred embodiments, the at least one water-soluble organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, propanediol and propylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.

[0168] If present, the water-soluble organic solvent(s) is/are preferably present in compositions of the present disclosure in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 40% by weight, preferably from about 3 to about 30% by weight, and preferably from about 5% to about 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, including all ranges and subranges therebetween such as, for example, 2% to 15%, 2% to 25%, 7.5% to 30%, etc.

Surfactant Component (System)

[0169] According to present disclosure, emulsion compositions comprising a surfactant component are provided. Generally speaking, acceptable surfactants (emulsifiers) can be chosen from ionic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsifiers, and mixtures thereof.

[0170] HLB refers to the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance associated with emulsifiers. In particular, HLB value relates to the ratio of hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups in emulsifiers, and also relates to solubility of the emulsifiers. Low HLB emulsifiers (surfactants) have an HLB value of less than 8. These surfactants are more soluble in oils (lipophilic material) and are more appropriate for use in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. High HLB emulsifiers (surfactants) have an HLB value greater than 8 and are more soluble in water (hydrophilic material) and are more appropriate for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions.

[0171] By way of example, the following emulsifiers have been reported to have the following HLB values: [0172] Propylene Glycol Isostearate HLB=2.5; [0173] Glyceryl Stearate HLB=3.8; [0174] Sorbitan Isostearate HLB=4.7; [0175] Oleth-2 HLB=4.9; [0176] Steareth-2 HLB=4.9; [0177] Glyceryl Laurate HLB=5.2; [0178] Ceteth-2 HLB=5.3; [0179] Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate HLB=6.6; [0180] Steareth-20 HLB=15.3; [0181] Ceteth-30 HLB=16.5; [0182] C12-13 pareth-23 HLB=16.7; [0183] Polysorbate 20 HLB=16.7; [0184] Laureth-23 HLB=16.9; [0185] PEG-100 Stearate HLB=18.8; and [0186] Sodium lauryl sulfate HLB=40.

[0187] According to preferred embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure comprise a surfactant component comprising at least one surfactant which has an HLB value which is greater than 8, and at least one surfactant which has an HLB value of less than 8.

[0188] According to preferred embodiments, one or more of the surfactants is a fatty alcohol, a fatty acid, or ester thereof, optionally alkoxylated (ethoxylated, propoxylated, etc.), glycerylated and/or pegylated. Fatty acids correspond the formula RCOOH and fatty alcohols correspond to the formula ROH, in which R denotes a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical preferably having from 7 to 45 carbon atoms, preferably from 9 to 35 carbon atoms, preferably from 15 to 35 carbon atoms, preferably from 15 to 21 carbon atoms, and preferably from 16 to 18 carbon atoms. Mention may be made of, for example, lauric acid/alcohol, stearic acid/alcohol, oleic acid/alcohol, behenyl acid/alcohol, cetyl acid/alcohol and mixtures thereof (including cetearyl compounds).

[0189] Suitable surfactants/emulsifiers include ethoxylated fatty acids or alcohols, ethoxylated fatty acids, partial glycerides of ethoxylated fatty acids or alcohols, glycerolated fatty acids or alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

[0190] Suitable alkoxylated fatty alcohols include, for example, the addition products of ethylene oxide with lauryl alcohol, in particular those containing from 2 to 250 oxyethylenated groups (having CTFA names Laureth-2 to Laureth-250); the addition products of ethylene oxide with behenyl alcohol, in particular those containing from 2 to 250 oxyethylenated groups (having CTFA names Beheneth-2 to Beheneth-250); the addition products of ethylene oxide with cetearyl alcohol (mixture of cetyl alcohol and of stearyl alcohol) in particular those containing from 2 to 250 oxyethylenated groups (having CTFA names Ceteareth-2 to Ceteareth-250 such as, for example, Ceteareth-33); the addition products of ethylene oxide with cetyl alcohol, in particular those containing from 2 to 250 oxyethylenated groups (having CTFA names Ceteth-2 to Ceteth-250 such as, for example, Ceteth-30); the addition products of ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol, in particular those containing from 2 to 250 oxyethylenated groups (having CTFA names Steareth-2 to Steareth-250 such as, for example, and Steareth-20); the addition products of ethylene oxide with isostearyl alcohol, in particular those containing from 2 to 250 oxyethylenated groups (having CTFA names Isosteareth-2 to Isosteareth-250); and mixtures thereof, wherein the amount of alkoxylation preferably ranges from 2 to 250, and preferably from 5 to 200, including all ranges and subranges therebetween including, for example, 10 to 100, 50 to 150, etc.

[0191] Suitable alkoxylated fatty acid include, for example, the addition products of ethylene oxide with lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid, and mixtures thereof, in particular those containing from 2 to 250 oxyethylenated groups, such as, for example, laurates of PEG-2 to PEG-50 (having CTFA names: PEG-2 laurate to PEG-50 laurate); palmitates of PEG-2 to PEG-50 (having CTFA names: PEG-2 palmitate to PEG-50 palmitate); stearates of PEG-2 to PEG-250 (having CTFA names: PEG-2 stearate to PEG-250 stearate such as PEG-100 stearate and PEG-200 stearate); palmitostearates of PEG-2 to PEG-50; behenates of PEG-2 to PEG-50 (having CTFA names: PEG-2 behenate to PEG-50 behenate); and mixtures thereof, wherein the amount of alkoxylation preferably ranges from 2 to 250, and preferably from 5 to 200, including all ranges and subranges therebetween including, for example, 10 to 100, 50 to 150, etc.

[0192] Suitable glycerylated fatty acids include, for example, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl oleate and glyceryl caprylate.

[0193] According to preferred embodiments, the surfactant component may additionally contain or comprise at least one alkyl phosphate surfactant as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 9,687,426, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Preferably, if present, the alkyl phosphate surfactant is chosen from C14-C24, preferably C16-C18 alkyl phosphates, and mixtures thereof. Even more preferably, they are chosen from cetyl phosphate, stearyl phosphate and cetearyl phosphate. For example, cetyl phosphate is commercially available under the names Amphisol K (Roche), Amphisol A (Roche), Arlatone MAP (Unigema) and Crodafos MCA (Croda). It is to be understood that alkyl phosphate includes salts of such compounds such as potassium cetyl phosphate.

[0194] Preferred surfactants include at least one selected from the group of palmitic acid, potassium cetyl phosphate, ceteareth-33, steareth-2, steareth-20, glyceryl stearate and stearic acid.

[0195] Preferably, the surfactant(s) (surfactant component) is/are present in the emulsion compositions of the present disclosure in an amount of from about 1% to about 20%, preferably from about 5% to about 17.5%, preferably from about 5% to about 15%, and preferably from about 6% to about 12%, by weight based on the total weight of the composition, including all ranges and subranges in between.

Thickening Agent Component (System)

[0196] According to preferred embodiments of the present invention, compositions further comprising at least one thickening agent are provided. Suitable thickening agents include any thickening agent, such as for example, gums and acrylic acid (co)polymers, such as high molecular weight homo- or co-polymers comprising acrylic acid, optionally crosslinked with a polyalkenyl polyether, including some polymers identified as carbomer as well as amphiphilic polymers. Preferably, the thickening agent is selected from the group consisting of at least one polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of anionic polysaccharides, branched homopolysaccharides, and mixtures thereof.

Branched Homopolysaccharide

[0197] According to preferred embodiments, the thickening system comprises at least one branched homopolysaccharide thickening agent, preferably nonionic. Preferably, the at least one branched homopolysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of branched glucans or branched fructans, and may include scleroglucan, amylopectin, glycogen, and mixtures thereof.

[0198] Scleroglucan gums are branched homopolysaccharides of microbial origin produced by a Sclerotium type fungus, in particular Sclerotium rolfsii, consisting of glucose units.

[0199] Suitable scleroglucan gums may or may not be modified. Preferably, the scleroglucan gums useful in compositions of the present disclosure are unmodified.

[0200] Suitable examples of commercial products of scleroglucan gums include, but are not limited to, ation, the products sold under the name ACTIGUM CS, in particular ACTIGUM CS 11, by the company SANOFI BIO INDUSTRIES and under the name AMIGUM or AMIGEL by the company ALBAN MULLER INTERNATIONAL. Other scleroglucan gums, such as those treated with 0.5-10% glyoxal as described in French patent application No. 2,633,940, can also be used.

[0201] According to preferred embodiments, the at least one branched homopolysaccharide is present in compositions of the present disclosure in an amount (active material) of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.15 to 5% by weight, preferably from about 0.2% to about 3%, and preferably from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight, including all ranges and subranges therebetween.

Anionic Polysaccharides

[0202] According to preferred embodiments, the thickening system preferably comprises at least one thickening agent which is at least one anionic polysaccharide thickening agent. Anionic polysaccharide thickening agents may be homopolysaccharides or heteropolysaccharides, and comprise as least one saccharide unit comprising a substituent which is anionic at pH 7. Suitable substituents which are anionic at pH 7 may include, for example, carboxylic acids. Suitable anionic polysaccharide thickening agents include anionic polysaccharide gums.

[0203] Suitable examples of anionic polysaccharide gums include, but are not limited to, polysaccharide gums produced by microorganisms; polysaccharide gums isolated from algae, and polysaccharide gums from higher plants, such as homogeneous polysaccharide gums, modified or unmodified, in particular celluloses, carrageenans, gellans, agars, xanthans, and alginates. In general, the compounds of this type that may be used in compositions of the present disclosure can be found in Kirk-Othmer's Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, 1982, volume 3, pp. 896-900, and volume 15, pp. 439-458, in Polymers in Nature by E. A. McGregor and C. T. Greenwood, published by John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 6, pp. 240-328, 1980, in the publication by Robert L. Davidson entitled Handbook of Water-soluble Gums and Resins published by McGraw-Hill Book Company (1980) and in Industrial Gums-Polysaccharides and their Derivatives, edited by Roy L. Whistler, Second Edition, published by Academic Press Inc. Preferred polysaccharide thickening agents include carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, xanthan, and mixtures thereof.

[0204] According to preferred embodiments, the at least one anionic polysaccharide is present in compositions of the present disclosure in an amount (active material) of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably from 0.15 to 5% by weight, preferably from about 0.2% to about 3%, and preferably from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight, including all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0205] Preferably, thickening agent(s) is/are present in the compositions of the present invention in total, combined amounts ranging from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 10%, preferably from 0.3 to 5% by weight, and preferably from 0.3 to 2% by weight, all weights based on the weight of the composition as a whole, including all ranges and subranges therebetween such as, for example, 0.1 to 1.5%, 2 to 20%, 10 to 20%, etc.

[0206] According to preferred embodiments, (1) the thickening agent(s) and (2) the physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material(s) are present in compositions of the present disclosure in a weight % ratio of preferably about 1:20 to about 1:75, preferably about 1:25 to about 1:60, and preferably about 1:27 to about 1:46, including all ranges and subranges therebetween, such as for example 1:20 to 1:50, 1:23 to 1:55, 1:30 to 1:45, etc., with all weights being based on the weight % of physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material(s) and weight % of thickening agent(s) present in the composition. Preferably, a higher weight % of physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material(s) is present in the compositions than of thickening agent(s).

[0207] According to preferred embodiments, the amount of total solids in compositions of the present disclosure preferably ranges from about 3% to about 50% by weight, preferably ranges from about 5% to about 40% by weight, preferably ranges from about 7% to about 35% by weight, and preferably ranges from about 9% to about 27% by weight, with all weights being based on the total weight of the composition.

Antioxidants

[0208] According to preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, compositions of the present disclosure can optionally further comprise at least one antioxidant. Examples of such antioxidants include, but are not limited to, polyphenols, vitamins, retinoids, stilbenoids, ascorbic acid, or derivatives thereof. Antioxidants may be dispersed or dissolved in either the oily or aqueous phases.

[0209] Suitable specific examples of antioxidants include, but are not limited to, flavones, flavanones, flavans, flavanols, flavonols, luteolin, baicalin, quercetin, apigenin, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, piecid, baicalein, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbyl palmitate, tocopherol (Vitamin E), tocopheryl acetate, retinol, resourcinol, caffeic acid, caffeine, niacinamide, (octyl) Methoxycrylene (SolaStay Si), Diethylhexyl 2,6-Naphthalate (DEHN)(Corapan TQ), Phenylethyl Benzoate, Butyloctyl Salicylate (HallBrite BHB), Diethylhexyl Syringylidene Malonate (Oxynex ST), Polycrylene (Polyester-8), Hexadecyl Benzoate, Butyloctyl Benzoate, and mixtures thereof.

Additional Optional Ingredients

[0210] Compositions of the present disclosure may also optionally further include at least one additive or auxiliary commonly used in cosmetic compositions and known to a person skilled in the art as being capable of being incorporated into such compositions. Such additives or auxiliaries may be chosen from film formers, coloring agents (e.g., dyes and pigments), waxes, thixotropic agents (e.g., clays), fillers, preservatives, fragrances, antioxidants, agents for combating free radicals, spreading agents, dispersing agents, antifoaming agents, neutralizing agents, stabilizing agents, active principles chosen from essential oils, moisturizing agents, vitamins, actives, proteins, ceramides, plant extracts, fibers, and the like, wetting agents and their mixtures. Although, preferably, compositions of the present disclosure are free of, substantially free of, or devoid of such additives.

[0211] A person skilled in the art will take care to select the optional additional additives and/or the amount thereof such that the advantageous properties of the composition according to the disclosure are not, or are not substantially, adversely affected by the envisaged addition.

[0212] Needless to say, the composition of the disclosure should be cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable, i.e., it should contain a non-toxic physiologically acceptable. The composition may be in any galenic form normally employed in the cosmetic and dermatological fields which is suitable for topical administration as discussed above.

[0213] These auxiliary additives may be present in the composition in a proportion from 0% to 99% (such as from 0.01% to 90%) relative to the total weight of the composition and further such as from 0.1% to 50% (if present), including all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0214] In accordance with the present disclosure, compositions of the present disclosure can be a stand-alone product (for use by itself), or they can be a product for use in conjunction with another composition, for example it can be a basecoat (primer) composition, a color coat composition, or a topcoat (over coat) composition. It should be understood that when compositions of the present disclosure are applied to keratinous materials in the form of any of such compositions, such application can comprise one or more layers of the product. Thus, for example, application of at least one color coat composition can comprise one or more color coat layers; application of the at least topcoat composition can comprise one or more topcoat layers; and application of the at least one basecoat composition can comprise one or more basecoat layers. Preferably, such basecoat, color coat and topcoat compositions contain three or fewer layers of compositions, preferably two or fewer layers of compositions, and preferably a single layer of compositions.

[0215] During application of compositions of the present disclosure, basecoat (if present) is typically applied directly to keratinous material, color coat is typically applied either directly to the keratinous material (if no basecoat is present) or to a previously applied basecoat, and topcoat (if present) is typically applied to a color coat.

[0216] According to preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, methods of treating, protecting, enhancing the appearance of, caring for and/or making up keratinous material by applying compositions of the present disclosure to the keratinous material in an amount sufficient to treat, enhance the appearance of, care for and/or make up the keratinous material are provided.

[0217] Preferably, making up keratinous material includes applying a composition comprising at least one coloring agent to the keratinous material in an amount sufficient to provide color and/or optical effect to the keratinous material.

[0218] Preferably, protecting keratinous material includes applying a composition of the present disclosure to protect keratinous material from damage resulting from exposure to UV rays.

[0219] In accordance with the preceding embodiments, compositions of the present disclosure are applied topically to the keratinous material in an amount sufficient to treat, enhance the appearance of, care for and/or make up the keratinous material. The compositions may be applied to the desired area as needed, preferably once or twice daily, more preferably once daily and then preferably allowed to dry before subjecting to contact such as with clothing or other objects (for example, clothes or a topcoat). Preferably, the composition is allowed to dry for about 1 minute or less, more preferably for about 45 seconds or less.

[0220] According to preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, methods of making fluid emulsion compositions comprising at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material by combining at least one physical ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating material, at least one high HLB surfactant, at least one low HLB surfactant, and at least one polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of anionic polysaccharides, branched homopolysaccharides, and mixtures thereof during formation of the compositions to produce emulsion compositions which are fluid are provided. Preferably, the compositions are non-greasy and/or non-whitening (that is, the compositions do not provide a white cast) upon application. Preferably, the compositions provide broad spectrum protection against UV rays. Preferably, the compositions provide SPF protection of at least 25, preferably at least 30. Preferably, the compositions further comprise at least one antioxidant.

[0221] The present disclosure also envisages kits and/or prepackaged materials suitable for consumer use containing one or more compositions according to the description herein, alone or in combination with other consumer care products such as makeup products such as basecoats, topcoats, removal compositions, etc. The packaging and application device for any subject of the disclosure may be chosen and manufactured by persons skilled in the art on the basis of their general knowledge, and adapted according to the nature of the composition to be packaged. Indeed, the type of device to be used can be in particular linked to the consistency of the composition, in particular to its viscosity; it can also depend on the nature of the constituents present in the composition, such as the presence of volatile compounds.

[0222] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term about. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present disclosure.

[0223] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective measurements. The following examples are intended to illustrate the disclosure without limiting the scope as a result. The percentages are given on a weight basis.

EXAMPLES

Example 1Inventive Oil-In-Water Sunscreen Composition

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1 Ingredients Amount or range Physical UV-attenuating materials About 10% to about 25% High and low HLB surfactants 3.0% Emollients 22.1% Water-miscible oils 8.3% Thickening System (anionic polysaccharide About 0.2% to and nonionic branched about 3% homopolysaccharide) Preservatives 0.7% Other ingredients (actives, vitamins, fillers) 9.45% Water Q.S.

[0224] One exemplary method to prepare the base oil-in-water sunscreen composition in Table 1 includes grinding the physical UV-attenuating materials in an oily phase composed of emollients under high shear using a homogenizer. A preferred temperature for grinding the physical UV-attenuating materials may be above 50 degrees Celsius. Oil-dispersible or oil-dissolvable materials may be combined, either before or after grinding the physical UV-attenuating materials. The water-dispersible, water-soluble, or water-miscible materials may be combined in one phase and may be added to the oily phase under high shear. Alternatively, the oily phase may instead be added to the water phase. Also, additional materials may be added before or after the water and oily phases are combined. The combined oily and water phases are cooled with mixing to ambient temperature.

Example 2Influence of Physical UV-Attenuating Materials and Thickening System on Oil-In-Water Sunscreen Compositions

[0225] Table 2 below discloses oil-in-water sunscreen compositions prepared from the base composition in example 1, in which the amount and ratio of physical UV-attenuating materials, anionic polysaccharide, and nonionic branched homopolysaccharide were varied.

[0226] Microscopic emulsion quality of the prepared compositions was measured by viewing approximately 2 to 20 mg of the composition under microscope, at a total magnification of 100 or greater. Emulsion quality was graded based on the visual appearance of the emulsion, wherein Good emulsions showed tight edges, relatively monodisperse oil droplets, and little to no aggregation of oil droplets or particulate matter. Poor emulsions displayed loose edges, polydispersivity of oil droplets, and/or aggregation of oil droplets or particulate matter.

[0227] Sensory was evaluated on compositions in Table 2 on the volor forearm, paying particular attention to sensory characteristics of spreading (lubricity) and non-greasy or non-residue feeling when on skin. Compositions displaying Good Sensory are exemplary of a pleasant application, whereas compositions with Poor Sensory lack a pleasant application.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2 Inventive Inventive Inventive Inventive Comparative Comparative Ex 1 Ex 2 Ex 3 Ex 4 Ex 1 Ex 2 Physical UV- 18% 20% 22.7% 20% 20% 20% attenuating materials Ratio of zinc oxide 85:15 85:15 85:15 75:25 85:15 85:15 and titanium dioxide Xanthan gum 0.15% 0.15% 0.15% 0.30% 0 0.45% (Anionic polysaccharide) Scleroglucan 0.30% 0.30% 0.30% 0.15% 0.45% 0 (nonionic branched homopolysaccharide) Microscopic Good Good Good Good Poor Good emulsion quality Stability Good Good Good Good N/A N/A Sensory Good Good Good Good Poor: bad Poor: spreading stringy

[0228] Comparative Example 1 yielded a poor emulsion quality, which demonstrated the importance of compositions containing at least one anionic polysaccharide and one nonionic branched homopolysaccharide.

[0229] Comparative Examples 1 and 2 exhibit poor sensory on application to skin, whereby this demonstrates the importance to combine at least one anionic polysaccharide and at least one nonionic branched homopolysaccharide.

Example 3Influence of Thickening System and Surfactant System on Oil-In-Water Sunscreen Composition

[0230] Table 3 below discloses oil-in-water sunscreen compositions prepared from the base composition in example 1, in which the thickening system and surfactant system were varied. The surfactant system Mix 1 in Table 3 contained steareth-20 (1%), steareth-2 (0.6%), cetearyl alcohol (0.6%), glyceryl stearate (0.7%), and polysorbate 20 (0.7%), and had a combined HLB of about 10.9. The surfactant system Mix 2 in Table 3 contained steareth-20 (1.56%), steareth-2 (0.52%), cetearyl alcohol (0.77%), glyceryl stearate (0.6%), and polysorbate 20 (1.15%), with a combined HLB of about 12.5. Emulsion stability was measured by storing samples of the composition at temperatures of 4 degrees Celsius and 45 degrees Celsius over a period of up to 12 weeks. An emulsion was deemed to be stable and demonstrate satisfactory stability when the microscopic emulsion quality remained Good and there was no visible separation, settling, coalescence, creaming, or significant discoloration was observed over the period of 12 weeks at all temperatures.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 3 Physical UV- attenuating Ratio Xanthan Additional aqueous Surfactant Example materials ZnO:TiO.sub.2 gum thickener (0.3%) System Stability Inventive Ex 18% 85:15 0.15% Scleroglucan Mix 1 OK 12 1 weeks Inventive Ex 18% 85:15 0.15% Scleroglucan Mix 2 OK 12 5 weeks Comparative 18% 85:15 0.15% ACRYLATES/C10-30 Mix 1 Fail after Ex 3 ALKYL ACRYLATE 2 weeks CROSSPOLYMER Comparative 18% 85:15 0.15% ACRYLATES/C10-30 Mix 2 Fail after Ex 4 ALKYL ACRYLATE 2 weeks CROSSPOLYMER Comparative 18% 85:15 0.15% HYDROXYETHYL Mix 1 Fail at 6 Ex 5 ACRYLATE/SODIUM weeks ACRYLOYLDIMETHYL TAURATE COPOLYMER Comparative 18% 85:15 0.15% HYDROXYETHYL Mix 2 Fail at 8 Ex 6 ACRYLATE/SODIUM weeks ACRYLOYLDIMETHYL TAURATE COPOLYMER Comparative 18% 85:15 0.15% Gellan gum Mix 2 Unable Ex 7 to form emulsion

[0231] Comparative Examples 3 through 7 demonstrated the importance of combining at least one anionic polysaccharide and at least one nonionic branched homopolysaccharide in a composition, since none of the additional aqueous thickeners added in Comparative Examples 3 through 7 contained any nonionic branched homopolysaccharides and were inferior. Comparative Examples 5 and 6 demonstrated that the surfactant mix and HLB value of the emulsifier system can have an impact on emulsion stability; only Inventive Examples 1 and 5, which both contained at least one anionic polysaccharide and at least one nonionic branched homopolysaccharide, demonstrated a satisfactory emulsion stability.

[0232] From the results presented in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3, only oil-in-water sunscreen compositions with physical UV-attenuating materials, a surfactant system comprising high and low HLB surfactants, and a thickener system comprising at least one anionic polysaccharide and at least one nonionic branched homopolysaccharide demonstrated acceptable SPF, stability, and microscopic emulsion quality. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that physical UV-attenuating materials are unexpectedly supported in a superior manner in oil-in-water sunscreen compositions when a thickening system comprising both at least one anionic polysaccharide and at least one nonionic branched homopolymer is present, particularly when high and low HLB emulsifiers are also present.

Example 4Exemplary Oil-In-Water Sunscreen Compositions Containing Anionic Polysaccharide and Nonionic Branched Homopolysaccharide

TABLE-US-00006 Ingredient Wt % Treated zinc oxide 17% Treated titanium dioxide 5.7% High and low HLB emulsifiers 3% Emollients 25.5% Polyhydroxystearic acid 2% Preservatives 0.7% Xanthan gum (anionic 0.15% polysaccharide) Scleroglucan (nonionic branched 0.3% homopolysaccharide) Other ingredients (vitamins, 8.8% powders, actives, pH adjusters) Glycols 8% Water Q.S. Vivo SPF (n = 5 label SPF) 56