GOLF PUTTERS WITH MULTIPLE CONFIGURATIONS FOR ACCESSIBILITY

20260097272 ยท 2026-04-09

    Inventors

    Cpc classification

    International classification

    Abstract

    Golf putters with multiple configurations for accessibility are disclosed. A golf putter includes a shaft and a putter head. The shaft has a lower end and an upper end. The shaft extends between the upper end and the lower end along a longitudinal axis. The putter head defines a bottom surface having an extent residing along a bottom horizonal plane and a plurality of putt surfaces extending upward from the bottom surface. Each of the plurality of putt surfaces includes a flat region for putting a golf ball. The putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft about a rotational axis to enable the shaft about the rotational axis relative to the putter head.

    Claims

    1. A golf putter, comprising: a shaft having a lower end and an upper end and extending between the upper end and the lower end along a longitudinal axis; and a putter head defining a bottom surface having an extent residing along a bottom horizonal plane and a plurality of putt surfaces extending upward from the bottom surface, wherein each of the plurality of putt surfaces comprises a flat region for putting a golf ball, and wherein the putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft along a rotational axis to enable the shaft to rotate about the rotational axis relative to the putter head.

    2. The golf putter of claim 1, wherein the plurality of putt surfaces includes a front surface.

    3. The golf putter of claim 2, wherein: in a lefthand configuration of the golf putter, the front surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a first angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane; and in a righthand configuration of the golf putter, the front surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a second angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    4. The golf putter of claim 2, wherein the plurality of putt surfaces includes a first side surface perpendicular to the front surface.

    5. The golf putter of claim 4, wherein, in a first push configuration of the golf putter, the first side surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a third angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    6. The golf putter of claim 5, wherein the plurality of putt surfaces includes a second side surface that is perpendicular to the front surface and is parallel and opposite to the first side surface.

    7. The golf putter of claim 6, wherein in a second push configuration of the golf putter, the second side surface of the putter head is configured to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a fourth angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    8. The golf putter of claim 1, further comprising a hosel at the lower end of the shaft, and wherein the putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft via an articulating connection of the hosel to the putter head.

    9. The golf putter of claim 8, further comprising a fastener extending through the hosel and securely received by the putter head to pivotably couple the hosel to the putter head about the rotational axis, wherein the fastener extends along the rotational axis and the hosel is configured to rotate about the fastener.

    10. A golf putter, comprising: a shaft having a lower end and an upper end and extending between the upper end and the lower end along a longitudinal axis; and a putter head including a head body that defines a bottom surface having an extent residing along a bottom horizonal plane and a plurality of putt surfaces extending upward from the bottom surface, wherein each of the plurality of putt surfaces comprises a flat region for putting a golf ball, and wherein the putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft along a rotational axis to enable the shaft to rotate about the rotational axis relative to the putter head.

    11. The golf putter of claim 10, wherein the head body includes a front wall that defines a front surface of the plurality of putt surfaces, and wherein the front surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a lefthand configuration and a righthand configuration of the golf putter.

    12. The golf putter of claim 11, wherein: in the lefthand configuration, the front surface is arranged to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a first angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane; and in the righthand configuration, the front surface is arranged to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a second angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    13. The golf putter of claim 11, wherein the head body includes a first side wall that defines a first side surface of the plurality of putt surfaces, and wherein, in a first push configuration, the first side surface is configured to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a third angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    14. The golf putter of claim 13, wherein the head body includes a second side wall that defines a second side surface of the plurality of putt surfaces, wherein the second side surface is opposite the first side surface, and wherein, in a second push configuration, the second side surface is configured to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a fourth angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    15. A golf putter, comprising: a shaft having a lower end and an upper end and extending between the upper end and the lower end along a longitudinal axis; a putter head including a head body that defines a bottom surface having an extent residing along a bottom horizonal plane; and a plurality of inserts coupled to the putter head and defining extents of a plurality of putt surfaces, wherein each of the plurality of inserts defines an extent of a respective one of the plurality of putt surfaces, wherein each of the plurality of putt surfaces comprises a flat region for putting a golf ball, and wherein the putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft along a rotational axis to enable the shaft to rotate relative about the rotational axis to the putter head.

    16. The golf putter of claim 15, wherein the head body includes a front wall, wherein the plurality of inserts includes a front insert coupled to the front wall, wherein the front insert defines an extent of a front surface of the plurality of putt surfaces, and wherein the front surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a lefthand configuration and a righthand configuration of the golf putter.

    17. The golf putter of claim 16, wherein the front wall defines a front cavity in which the front insert is at least partially housed.

    18. The golf putter of claim 16, wherein: in the lefthand configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a first angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane; and in the righthand configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a second angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    19. The golf putter of claim 15, wherein the head body includes a first side wall and the plurality of inserts includes a first side insert coupled to the first side wall, wherein the first side insert defines an extent of a first side surface of the plurality of putt surfaces, and wherein, in a first push configuration of the golf putter, the first side surface is configured to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a third angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    20. The golf putter of claim 19, wherein the head body includes a second side wall and the plurality of inserts includes a second side insert coupled to the second side wall, wherein the second side insert defines an extent of a second side surface of the plurality of putt surfaces, wherein the second side surface is opposite the first side surface, and wherein, in a second push configuration of the golf putter, the second side surface is configured to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a fourth angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    Description

    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

    [0011] For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be made to embodiments shown in the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale and related elements may be omitted, or in some instances proportions may have been exaggerated, so as to emphasize and clearly illustrate the novel features described herein. In addition, system components can be variously arranged, as known in the art. Further, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

    [0012] FIG. 1 illustrates an example putter.

    [0013] FIG. 2 illustrates an example putter head of the putter of FIG. 1.

    [0014] FIG. 3 illustrates the putter head of FIG. 2 with example fastening means for a rotatable coupling to a shaft of the putter of FIG. 1.

    [0015] FIG. 4 depicts a player using the putter of FIG. 1 in a righthand configuration.

    [0016] FIG. 5 further depicts a portion of the putter of FIG. 1 in the righthand configuration of FIG. 4.

    [0017] FIG. 6 depicts a player using the putter of FIG. 1 in a lefthand configuration.

    [0018] FIG. 7 further depicts a portion of the putter of FIG. 1 in the lefthand configuration of FIG. 6.

    [0019] FIG. 8 depicts a player using the putter of FIG. 1 in a push configuration.

    [0020] FIG. 9 further depicts a portion of the putter of FIG. 1 in the push configuration of FIG. 8.

    [0021] FIG. 10 depicts a ball scoop of the putter head of FIG. 2 prior to scooping up a golf ball.

    [0022] FIG. 11 further depicts the ball scoop of FIG. 10 upon scooping up the golf ball.

    [0023] FIGS. 12-13 illustrate another example putter head of the putter of FIG. 1.

    [0024] FIG. 14 depicts a head body of the putter head of FIGS. 12-13.

    [0025] FIGS. 15-17 depict other example putter heads of the putter of FIG. 1.

    DETAILED DESCRIPTION

    [0026] While the invention may be embodied in various forms, there are shown in the drawings, and will hereinafter be described, some exemplary and non-limiting embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated.

    [0027] Example putters disclosed herein have multiple putting configurations that facilitate players with disabilities to more easily and comfortably putt golf balls on putting greens and/or miniature golf courses. For example, each putter has a lefthand configuration, a righthand configuration, and one or more push configurations. Additionally, each putter is configured to enable a player with disabilities to quickly and easily transition between the different configurations of the putter.

    [0028] Each putter of the examples disclosed herein includes a shaft and a putter head. The shaft has a lower end and an upper end and extends between the upper end and the lower end along a longitudinal axis. A grip, which facilitates the player in securely holding the putter, may be located at the upper end of the shaft. The lower end of the shaft is rotatably coupled to the putter head via an articulating connection such that the shaft is able to rotate about a rotational axis relative to the putter head. Further, the putter head defines a plurality of putt surfaces. Each putt surface includes a flat, vertical region to facilitate a golf ball in being putt in a straight line. The plurality of putt surfaces includes a front surface and one or more side surfaces. Each side surface is perpendicular to the front surface. In examples with two side surfaces, the side surfaces are opposite and extend parallel to each other.

    [0029] In some examples, the lower end of the shaft is rotatably coupled to the putter head via a hosel, which is a connection piece that provides the articulating connection between the putter head and the shaft. For example, the hosel may include a socket into which the lower end of the shaft is securely received. In examples disclosed herein, the hosel is fixedly coupled to the lower end of the shaft and pivotably coupled to the putter head via an articulating connection. In turn, the hosel enables the shaft to rotate relative to the putter head about the rotational axis.

    [0030] The combination of the multiple putt surfaces of the putter head and the rotatability of the shaft relative to the putter head (e.g., via the hosel) enable a player, such as a player with disabilities, to quickly easily transition the putter between the various putting configurations.

    [0031] With some example putters, the front surface of the putter head is arranged to contact a golf ball, and the shaft is rotated to extend in a first angle relative to the putter head in the lefthand configuration. In the righthand configuration, the front surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball, and the shaft is rotated to extend in a second opposing angle relative to the putter head. In each push configuration, a respective side surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball, and the shaft is rotated to extend in a third angle relative to the putter head.

    [0032] With other example putters, a first side surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball, and the shaft is rotated to extend in a first angle relative to the putter head in the lefthand configuration. In the righthand configuration, a second opposing side surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball, and the shaft is rotated to extend in a second angle (e.g., similar or identical to the first angle) relative to the putter head. In the push configuration, the front surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball, and the shaft is rotated to extend in a third angle relative to the putter head.

    [0033] Additionally or alternatively, example putters disclosed herein may have other features to provide accessibility to player with disabilities. In some examples, the shaft has an a relatively long length (e.g., 43 inches) to facilitate a player in a wheelchair in easily and comfortably using the putter to putt a golf ball. In some examples, a putter may have a ball grabber located at the upper end of the shaft that enables a player to pick up the golf ball from a putting surface and/or a cup without having to bend over and/or reach downward. Further in some examples, the putter head may include a ball scoop that enables a player to scoop the golf ball upward from a putting surface without having to bend over and/or reach downward.

    [0034] Turning to the figures, FIG. 1 illustrates an example putter 100 (also referred to as a golf putter, an accessibility putter, a club, a golf club, and an accessibility club) in accordance with the teachings herein. The putter 100 includes a shaft 110 and a head 130 (also referred to as a putter head).

    [0035] The shaft 110 includes an upper end 112 and a lower end 114 and extends along a longitudinal axis between the upper end 112 and the lower end 114. In the illustrated example, a grip 116 is located at the upper end 112 of the shaft 110. The grip 116 may be formed of leather, rubber, a cord material, a multi-compound hybrid material, etc. The grip 116 is configured to facilitate a player 10 (FIGS. 4, 6, and 8) in securely holding the putter 100.

    [0036] The putter 100 of FIG. 1 also includes a ball grabber 190 that is coupled to and/or extends from the upper end 112 of the shaft 110. The ball grabber 190 is configured to pick up a golf ball 20 (FIGS. 5, 7, and 9-11) from a putting surface and/or a cup without requiring the player to bend over and/or reach downward. In the illustrated example, the ball grabber 190 includes a plurality of flexible finger that extend from the upper end 112 of the shaft 110. To pick up the golf ball 20 with the ball grabber 190, the player 10 is to rotate the putter 100 upside-down, place the ball grabber 190 above the golf ball 20, and subsequently push the putter 100 downward so that the flexible fingers press against the golf ball 20. The flexible fingers expand outward upon being pressed against the golf ball 20, and the golf ball 20 slides into an opening formed between the flexible fingers. Once the golf ball 20 is positioned between flexible fingers, the flexible fingers return inward to retain the golf ball 20 in place until the player 10 removes the golf ball 20 from ball grabber 190 (e.g., with their hand).

    [0037] FIGS. 2-3 further depicts the head 130 of the putter 100. The head 130 includes a head body 135. In the illustrated example, the head body 135 defines a bottom surface 142 and a plurality of putt surfaces 153, 163, 173. The bottom surface 142 extends along a bottom of the head 130 and is configured to rest on the putting surface and/or slide along the putting surface as the player 10 performs a putting stroke. Each putt surface 153, 163, 173 extends transversely upward from the bottom surface 142. The bottom surface 142 has an extent residing along a bottom horizonal plane and an extent of each of the putt surfaces 153, 163, 173 is transverse to the bottom horizontal plane. For example, each putt surface 153, 163, 173 is perpendicular to the bottom surface 142. Further, each putt surface 153, 163, 173 in the illustrated example includes a flat, vertical region to facilitate the golf ball 20 in being putt in a straight line along the putting surface.

    [0038] In the illustrated example, the plurality of putt surfaces includes a front surface 153 (also referred to as a front putt surface), a side surface 163 (also referred to as a side putt surface, a first side surface, and a first side putt surface), and another side surface 173 (also referred to as a side putt surface, a second side surface, and a second side putt surface). The front surface 153 is perpendicular to each side surface 163, 173. The side surfaces 163, 173 are opposite and extend parallel to each other.

    [0039] As shown in FIGS. 2-3, the head body 135 of the head 130 includes a floor 140 that defines the bottom surface 142. The head body 135 of the head 130 also includes a front wall 150 that defines the front surface 153. That is, the front surface 153 is the outer surface of the front wall 150. The front wall 150 is located at a front end of the head 130 and extends upwardly from and perpendicular to the floor 140.

    [0040] The head body 135 of the head 130 also includes side walls 160, 170 that define the side surfaces 163, 173, respectively. That is, the side surface 163 is the outer surface of the side wall 160, and the side surface 173 is the outer surface of the side wall 170. The side wall 160 (also referred to as a first side wall) is located along a first side of the head 130, the side wall 170 (also referred to as a second side wall) is located along a second side of the head 130 opposite the first side. Each side wall 160, 170 extends upwardly from and perpendicular to the floor 140. Further, the side walls 160, 170 are opposite and extend parallel to each other.

    [0041] The head 130 also includes a ball scoop 144 that enables the player 10 to scoop the golf ball 20 upward from a putting surface without having to bend over and/or reach downward. In the illustrated example, the ball scoop 144 is defined by the floor 140 along a rear end of the head 130. The ball scoop 144 is formed by a circumferential and concave outer surface of the floor 140 that defines a crescent-shaped opening. The outer surface is angled to extend inwardly from the bottom surface 142 to an upper surface of the floor 140. As shown in FIGS. 10-11, the golf ball 20 is to securely rest on the outer surface when the golf ball 20 is scooped up by the ball scoop 144.

    [0042] Returning to FIGS. 2-3, the head body 135 of the head 130 also includes a rear wall 156 that is positioned behind and extends parallel to the front wall 150. The rear wall 156 is spaced apart from the front wall 150 to define an opening 138 in which the lower end 114 of the shaft 110 is at least partially extended when the putter 100 is assembled together.

    [0043] As shown in FIG. 3, the rear wall 156 defines a through hole 158 and a back surface of the front wall 150 defines a blind hole 154. The blind hole 154 and the rear wall 156 along a rotational axis about which the shaft 110 is configured to rotate relative to the head 130. In the illustrated example, the rotational axis extends parallel to the bottom surface 142 and side surfaces 163, 173 and perpendicular to the front surface 153.

    [0044] In the illustrated example, the head body 135 is integrally and monolithically formed together. For example, the head body 135 is formed of material that is durable and enables the head 130 to putt the golf ball 20 in a consistent manner. The head body 135 may be formed of polylactic acid (PLA), nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), stainless steel, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), etc. For example, a head body formed of PLA may be produced via 3D printing. A head body formed of nylon and/or ABS may be produced via computer numerical control (CNC) machining. Another head body formed of nylon and/or ABS, along with TPU and/or another rubber, may be produced via injection and/or compression molding. For example, such a head body may be molded with nylon and/or ABS and subsequently coated with TPU and/or another rubber. Further, a head body formed of stainless steel may be produced via a die casting process. In other examples, the floor 140, the front wall 150, the rear wall 156, and/or the side walls 160, 170 may be coupled together, for example, via fastener(s) and/or adhesive(s).

    [0045] The putter 100 of the illustrated example also includes a fastener 180 that is configured to pivotably couple the lower end 114 of the shaft 110 to the head 130 to provide an articulating connection between the shaft 110 and the head 130. The fastener 180 is configured to be securely received by the blind hole 154 of the head 130 to pivotably couple the head 130 to the lower end 114 of the shaft 110. The fastener 180 extends along the rotational axis, and the lower end 114 of the shaft 110 rotates about the fastener 180 such that the shaft 110 is able to rotate about the rotational axis relative to the head 130. In the illustrated example, the fastener 180 is to extend through the through hole 158 of the rear wall 156, extend through a through hole of the lower end 114 of the shaft 110, and be received by the blind hole 154 of the front wall 150 to pivotably couple the lower end 114 of the shaft 110 to the head 130 about the rotational axis.

    [0046] In the illustrated example, the putter 100 includes an insert 185 that is configured to secure the fastener 180 to the head 130. For example, the insert 185 is configured to be inserted into and securely received in the blind hole 154 of the front wall 150 (e.g., via threading, press fit, and other means). The insert 185 includes a hole that is configured to securely receive the fastener 180. For example, the fastener 180 and the hole of the insert 185 are threaded such that the blind hole 154 threadably receives the fastener 180. In other examples, the fastener 180 may be secured to the head 130 without the insert 185. For example, the fastener 180 and the blind hole 154 may be threaded such that the blind hole 154 threadably receives the fastener 180. In other examples, the fastener 180 may be securely received by the blind hole 154 via press fit and/or other means.

    [0047] The shaft 110 and the head 130 are assembled together such that the shaft 110 is configured to rotate together about the rotational axis. The shaft 110 is capable of rotating a first maximum angle in a first direction (e.g., toward the side wall 160) relative to a vertical axis and rotating a second maximum angle in a second direction (e.g., toward the side wall 170) opposite the first direction relative to the vertical axis. In the illustrated example, the first maximum angle equals the second maximum angle such that the hosel 120 and the shaft 110 are able to rotate a predefined maximum angle (e.g., 60 degrees) in either direction relative to the vertical axis.

    [0048] In the illustrated example, the putter 100 includes a hosel 120 that provides an articulating connection between the lower end 114 of the shaft 110 and the head 130. FIG. 3 further depicts the hosel 120 and the lower end 114 of the shaft 110. The hosel 120 is fixedly coupled to the lower end 114 of the shaft 110. In some such examples, hosel 120 is fixedly coupled to the shaft 110 via press fit and/or an adhesive. In other such examples, the hosel 120 may be integrally and monolithically formed with the shaft 110.

    [0049] In the illustrated example, the hosel 120 is T-shaped and at least partially hollow. The hosel 120 includes a first body 122 (also referred to as a hosel-shaft body) and a second body 124 also referred to as a hosel-fastener body). The first body 122 extends perpendicular to and outwardly from a center portion of the second body 124. In the illustrated example, the first body 122 and the second body 124 are integrally and monolithically formed together. In other examples, first body 122 is coupled to the second body 124 via welding, fastener(s), adhesive, etc. The first body 126 defines a hole in which the lower end 114 of the shaft 110 is securely inserted to fixedly couple the shaft 110 to the hosel 120. The second body 124 defines a through hole 218 that is configured to align with the through hole 158 of the rear wall 156 and the blind hole 154 of the front wall 150 when the hosel 120 is placed in the opening 138 of the head body 135 of the head 130.

    [0050] With the hosel 120, the fastener 180 is configured to pivotably couple the hosel 120 and, in turn, the shaft 110 to the head 130. The fastener 180 is configured to extend through the through hole 128 of the hosel 120 and be securely received in the blind hole 154 of the head 130 to couple the hosel 120 to the head 130. The fastener 180 extends along the rotational axis and the hosel 120 rotates about the fastener 180 such that to enable the shaft 110 to rotate about the rotational axis relative to the head 130. The hosel 120 is at least partially housed in the opening 138 when coupled to the head 130 in such a manner.

    [0051] Turning to FIGS. 4-9, various putting configurations of the putter 100 with the head 130 are depicted. More specifically, FIGS. 4-5 depict the lefthand configuration of the putter 100, FIGS. 6-7 depict the righthand configuration of the putter 100, and FIGS. 8-9 depict a push configuration of the putter 100.

    [0052] In the lefthand configuration of FIGS. 4-5, the front surface 153 of the head 130 is configured to contact the golf ball 20. Additionally, the player 10 holds the upper end 112 of the shaft 110 and positions the golf ball 20 and the head 130 to their right. Further, the shaft 110 is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a first angle relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 130, and/or the bottom horizontal plane. The first angle may be any angle between the vertical axis and the first maximum angle of rotation. For example, the shaft 110 may be rotated to extend at an angle anywhere between 30 degrees and 90 degrees relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 130, and/or the bottom horizontal plane.

    [0053] In the righthand configuration of FIGS. 6-7, the front surface 153 of the head 130 is configured to contact the golf ball 20. Additionally, the player 10 holds the upper end 112 of the shaft 110 and positions the golf ball 20 and the head 130 to their left. Further, the shaft 110 is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a second angle relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 130, and/or the bottom horizontal plane. The second angle may be any angle between the vertical axis and the second maximum angle of rotation. For example, the shaft 110 may be rotated to extend at an angle anywhere between 30 degrees and 90 degrees relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 130, and/or the bottom horizontal plane.

    [0054] In the push configuration of FIGS. 8-9, the side surface 173 of the head 130 is configured to contact the golf ball 20. In another push configuration, the side surface 163 of the head 130 is configured to contact the golf ball 20. In either push configuration, the player 10 holds the upper end 112 of the shaft 110 and positions the golf ball 20 and the head 130 in front of them. Further, the shaft 110 is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in an angle relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 130, and/or the bottom horizontal plane. That angle may be any angle between the vertical axis and the first or second maximum angle of rotation. For example, the shaft 110 may be rotated to extend at an angle anywhere between 30 degrees and 90 degrees relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 130, and/or the bottom horizontal plane.

    [0055] Turning to FIGS. 12-14, another example head 230 of the putter 100 of FIG. 1 is depicted. In the illustrated example, the head 230 includes a head body 235 and one or more inserts 252, 262, 272 (also referred to as putter inserts and putter plates). The head body 235 defines a bottom surface 142 that extends along a bottom of the head 230 and is configured to rest on the putting surface and/or slide along the putting surface as the player 10 performs a putting stroke. As disclosed below in further detail, each insert 252, 262, 272 is securely coupled to the head 230 and is configured to define an extent of a respective putt surface 253, 263, 273. Each putt surface 253, 263, 273 extends transversely upward from the bottom surface 142. For example, each putt surface 253, 263, 273 is perpendicular to the bottom surface 142. Further, each putt surface 253, 263, 273 in the illustrated example includes a flat, vertical region to facilitate the golf ball 20 in being putt in a straight line along the putting surface.

    [0056] In the illustrated example, the plurality of putt surfaces includes a front surface 253 (also referred to as a front putt surface), a side surface 263 (also referred to as a side putt surface, a first side surface, and a first side putt surface), and another side surface 273 (also referred to as a side putt surface, a second side surface, and a second side putt surface). The front surface 253 is perpendicular to each side surface 263, 273. The side surfaces 263, 273 are opposite and extend parallel to each other.

    [0057] The head body 235 of the head 230 includes the floor 140 that is identical or substantially similar to that of the head body 135 of FIGS. 2-11. For example, the floor 140 of the head body 235 defines the bottom surface 142 that is identical or substantially similar to that of the floor 140 of FIGS. 2-11. Because those components were disclosed in detail with respect to FIGS. 2-11, some features of those components are not disclosed again with respect to FIGS. 12-14.

    [0058] As shown in FIGS. 12-13, the head body 235 includes a front wall 250 that is located at a front end of the head 230 and extends upwardly from and perpendicular to the floor 140. As shown in FIG. 14, a front surface of the front wall 250 defines a front cavity 251 (also referred to as a front cavity and a front insert cavity) in which a front insert 252 (also referred to as a front putter insert and a front putter plate) is securely positioned. A back surface of the front wall 250 defines a blind hole 254.

    [0059] As shown in FIGS. 12-14, the head body 235 of the head 230 also includes side walls 260, 270. The side wall 260 (also referred to as a first side wall) is located along a first side of the head 230, the side wall 270 (also referred to as a second side wall) is located along a second side of the head 230 opposite the first side. Each side wall 260, 270 extends upwardly from and perpendicular to the floor 140. Further, the side walls 260, 270 are opposite and extend parallel to each other. The side wall 260 defines a side cavity 261 (also referred to as a first side cavity and a first insert cavity) in which a side insert 262 (also referred to as a side putter insert, a side putter plate, a first side insert, a first putter insert, and a first side putter plate) is securely positioned. Likewise, the side wall 260 defines a side cavity 271 (also referred to as a second side cavity and a second insert cavity) in which a side insert 272 (also referred to as a side putter insert, a side putter plate, a second side insert, a second putter insert, and a second side putter plate) is securely positioned.

    [0060] The inserts 252, 262, 272 are securely and detachably coupled to the head body 235 of the head 230. Specifically, the front insert 252 is coupled to the front wall 250, the side insert 262 is coupled to the side wall 260 of the head body 235, and the side insert 272 is coupled to the side wall 270. For example, the inserts 252, 262, 272 are securely coupled to the head body 235 via adhesive and/or fasteners. Further, the front insert 252 is nested in the front cavity 251 such that the front insert 252 is at least partially housed in the front cavity 251. The side insert 262 is nested in the side cavity 261 such that the side insert 262 is at least partially housed in the side cavity 261, and the side insert 272 is nested in the side cavity 271 such that the side insert 272 is at least partially housed in the side cavity 271. When an insert 252, 262, 272 becomes damaged and/or worn over time, a technician may detach that insert 252, 262, 272 from the head body 235 and securely fasten a new, replacement insert 252, 262, 272 to the head body 235 in its place.

    [0061] The inserts 252, 262, 272 are formed of a material, such as rubber, that enables the head 230 to putt the golf ball 20 in a consistent manner. The head body 235 of the illustrated example is integrally and monolithically formed together. For example, the head body 135 is formed of a durable material, such as polylactic acid (PLA), nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), stainless steel, etc. A head body formed of PLA may be produced via 3D printing. A head body formed of nylon and/or ABS may be produced via computer numerical control (CNC) machining. A head body formed of stainless steel may be produced via a die casting process. In other examples, the floor 140, the front wall 150, the rear wall 156, and/or the side walls 160, 170 may be coupled together, for example, via fastener(s) and/or adhesive(s).

    [0062] The head body 235 of the head 230 also includes the ball scoop 144 and the rear wall 156 that are identical or substantially similar to that of the head body 135 of the head 130 of FIGS. 2-11. For example, the rear wall 156 of the head body 235 defines the through hole 158 and defines the opening 138 with the front wall 250, which are identical or substantially similar to those defined by the rear wall 156 of FIGS. 2-11. Because those components were disclosed in detail with respect to FIGS. 2-11, some features of those components are not disclosed again with respect to FIGS. 12-14.

    [0063] The putter 100 with the head 230 is adjustable to enable the player 10 to use the putter in a lefthand configuration, a righthand configuration, or one or more push configurations. For example, the head 230 is pivotably coupled to the lower end 114 of the shaft 110 along a rotational axis to enable the shaft 110 to rotate about the rotational axis relative to the head 230 and transition between different configurations.

    [0064] In the lefthand configuration, the front surface 253 of the head 230 is configured to contact the golf ball 20. The player 10 holds the upper end 112 of the shaft 110 and positions the golf ball 20 and the head 230 to their right. The shaft 110 is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a first angle relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 230, and/or the bottom horizontal plane. The first angle may be any angle between the vertical axis and a first maximum angle of rotation. For example, the side wall 270 has an internal tapered edge 275 (FIG. 14) that enables the shaft 110 to be rotated and extend at an angle anywhere between 15 degrees and 90 degrees relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 230, and/or the bottom horizontal plane.

    [0065] In the righthand configuration, the front surface 253 of the head 230 is configured to contact the golf ball 20. The player 10 holds the upper end 112 of the shaft 110 and positions the golf ball 20 and the head 230 to their left. The shaft 110 is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a second angle relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 230, and/or the bottom horizontal plane. The second angle may be any angle between the vertical axis and the second maximum angle of rotation. For example, the side wall 26 has an internal tapered edge 265 (FIG. 14) that enables the shaft 110 to be rotated and extend at an angle anywhere between 15 degrees and 90 degrees relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 230, and/or the bottom horizontal plane.

    [0066] In a push configuration, a side surface 263, 273 of the head 230 is configured to contact the golf ball 20. In either push configuration, the player 10 holds the upper end 112 of the shaft 110 and positions the golf ball 20 and the head 230 in front of them. The shaft 110 is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in an angle relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 230, and/or the bottom horizontal plane. That angle may be any angle between the vertical axis and the first or second maximum angle of rotation. For example, the internal tapered edge 265, 275 of each respective side wall 260, 270 enables the shaft 110 to be rotated and extend at an angle anywhere between 15 degrees and 90 degrees relative to the ground surface, the bottom surface 142 of the head 230, and/or the bottom horizontal plane.

    [0067] Turning to FIG. 15, another example head 300 in accordance with the teachings herein. The head 300 does not include a rear wall. At the same time, the head 300 includes other components and features (e.g., a front putt surface, opposing side putt surfaces, etc.) that are identical or substantially similar to that of the head 130 of FIGS. 2-11 and/or the head 230 of FIGS. 12-14.

    [0068] With the head 300, a putter also is configured to be used in a lefthand configuration, a righthand configuration, and one or more push configurations. For example, in the lefthand configuration, a front surface of the head 300 is arranged to contact a golf ball, and the shaft 110 is rotated to extend in a first angle relative to the bottom surface of the head 300 and/or the bottom horizontal plane. In the righthand configuration, the front surface of the head 300 is arranged to contact a golf ball, and the shaft 110 is rotated to extend in a second angle relative to the bottom surface of the head 300 and/or the bottom horizontal plane. In the push configuration(s), a side surface of the head 300 is arranged to contact a golf ball, and the shaft 110 is rotated to extend in a third angle relative to the bottom surface of the head 300 and/or the bottom horizontal plane.

    [0069] FIG. 16 illustrates another example head 400 in accordance with the teachings herein. The head 400 is asymmetric with a single side wall and side putt surface. At the same time, the head 400 includes other components and features (e.g., a front putt surface, a side putt surface, etc.) that are identical or substantially similar to that of the head 130 of FIGS. 2-11 and/or the head 230 of FIGS. 12-14.

    [0070] With the head 400, a putter also is configured to be used in a lefthand configuration, a righthand configuration, and a push configuration. For example, in the lefthand configuration, a front surface of the head 400 is arranged to contact a golf ball, and the shaft 110 is rotated to extend in a first angle relative to the bottom surface of the head 400 and/or the bottom horizontal plane. In the righthand configuration, the front surface of the head 400 is arranged to contact a golf ball, and the shaft 110 is rotated to extend in a second angle relative to the bottom surface of the head 400 and/or the bottom horizontal plane. In the push configuration, a side surface of the head 400 is arranged to contact a golf ball, and the shaft 110 is rotated to extend in a third angle relative to the bottom surface of the head 400 and/or the bottom horizontal plane.

    [0071] FIG. 17 illustrates another example head 500 in accordance with the teachings herein. With the head 500, the rotational axis along which it is rotatably coupled to the shaft 110 is in an orientation that is perpendicular to that of the head 130 of FIGS. 2-11 and/or the head 230 of FIGS. 12-14. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotational axis for the head 130 is parallel to the side surfaces 163, 173 and perpendicular to the front surface 153. Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 12-13, the rotational axis for the head 230 is parallel to the side surfaces 263, 273 and perpendicular to the front surface 253. In contrast, the rotational axis of the head 500 of FIG. 17 is perpendicular to the side putt surfaces and parallel to the front putt surface. At the same time, the head 500 of FIG. 17 includes other components and features (e.g., a front putt surface, opposing side putt surfaces, etc.) that are identical or substantially similar to that of the head 130 of FIGS. 2-11 and/or the head 230 of FIGS. 12-14.

    [0072] With the head 500, a putter also is configured to be used in a lefthand configuration, a righthand configuration, and a push configuration. For example, in the lefthand configuration, a first side surface of the head 500 is arranged to contact a golf ball, and the shaft 110 is rotated to extend in a first angle relative to the bottom surface of the head 500 and/or the bottom horizontal plane. In the righthand configuration, a second side surface of the head 500 is arranged to contact a golf ball, and the shaft 110 is rotated to extend in a second angle (e.g., similar or identical to the first angle) relative to the bottom surface of the head 500 and/or the bottom horizontal plane. In the push configuration, a front surface of the head 500 is arranged to contact a golf ball, and the shaft 110 is rotated to extend in a third angle relative to the bottom surface of the head 500 and/or the bottom horizontal plane.

    [0073] Exemplary embodiments in accordance with the teachings herein are disclosed below.

    [0074] Embodiment 1. A golf putter includes a shaft having a lower end and an upper end and extending between the upper end and the lower end along a longitudinal axis. The golf putter includes a putter head defining a bottom surface having an extent residing along a bottom horizonal plane and a plurality of putt surfaces extending upward from the bottom surface. Each of the plurality of putt surfaces includes a flat region for putting a golf ball. The putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft along a rotational axis to enable the shaft to rotate about the rotational axis relative to the putter head.

    [0075] Embodiment 2. The golf putter of Embodiment 1, wherein the putter head includes a head body that defines the bottom surface and the plurality of putt surfaces.

    [0076] Embodiment 3. The golf putter of Embodiment 1, wherein the putter head includes a head body that defines the bottom surface and a plurality of inserts coupled to the putter head and defining extents of the plurality of putt surfaces. Each of the plurality of inserts defines an extent of a respective one of the plurality of putt surfaces.

    [0077] Embodiment 4. A golf putter includes a shaft having a lower end and an upper end and extending between the upper end and the lower end along a longitudinal axis. The golf putter includes a putter head including a head body that defines a bottom surface having an extent residing along a bottom horizonal plane and a plurality of putt surfaces extending upward from the bottom surface. Each of the plurality of putt surfaces includes a flat region for putting a golf ball. The putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft along a rotational axis to enable the shaft to rotate about the rotational axis relative to the putter head.

    [0078] Embodiment 5. A golf putter includes a shaft having a lower end and an upper end and extending between the upper end and the lower end along a longitudinal axis. The golf putter includes a putter head including a head body that defines a bottom surface having an extent residing along a bottom horizonal plane. The golf putter includes a plurality of inserts coupled to the putter head and defining extents of a plurality of putt surfaces. Each of the plurality of inserts defines an extent of a respective one of the plurality of putt surfaces. Each of the plurality of putt surfaces includes a flat region for putting a golf ball. The putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft along a rotational axis to enable the shaft to rotate relative about the rotational axis to the putter head.

    [0079] Embodiment 6. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 1-5, wherein the plurality of putt surfaces includes a front surface.

    [0080] Embodiment 7. The golf putter of Embodiment 6, wherein, in a lefthand configuration of the golf putter, the front surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a first angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0081] Embodiment 8. The golf putter of Embodiment 6 or 7, wherein, in a righthand configuration of the golf putter, the front surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a second angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0082] Embodiment 9. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 6-8, wherein the plurality of putt surfaces includes a first side surface perpendicular to the front surface.

    [0083] Embodiment 10. The golf putter of Embodiment 9, wherein, in a first push configuration of the golf putter, the first side surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a third angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0084] Embodiment 11. The golf putter of Embodiment 9 or 10, wherein the plurality of putt surfaces includes a second side surface that is perpendicular to the front surface and is parallel and opposite to the first side surface.

    [0085] Embodiment 12. The golf putter of Embodiment 11, wherein, in a second push configuration of the golf putter, the second side surface of the putter head is arranged to contact the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a fourth angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0086] Embodiment 13. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 1-12, further including a hosel at the lower end of the shaft. The putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft via an articulating connection of the hosel to the putter head.

    [0087] Embodiment 14. The golf putter of Embodiment 13, further including a fastener extending through the hosel and securely received by the putter head to pivotably couple the hosel to the putter head about the rotational axis. The fastener extends along the rotational axis and the hosel is configured to rotate about the fastener.

    [0088] Embodiment 15. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 1-5, wherein the putter head includes a front wall and a rear wall spaced apart from the front wall to define an opening in which the bottom end of the shaft at least partially extends.

    [0089] Embodiment 16. The golf putter of Embodiment 15, wherein the front wall defines a blind hole and the rear wall defines a through hole.

    [0090] Embodiment 17. The golf putter of Embodiment 16, further including a fastener extending through the through hole of the rear wall and received by the blind hole of the front wall to pivotably couple the bottom end of the shaft to the putter head.

    [0091] Embodiment 18. The golf putter of Embodiment 17, further including a hosel at the lower end of the shaft. The putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft via an articulating connection of the hosel to the putter head. The fastener extends through the hosel such that the hosel is configured to rotate about the fastener.

    [0092] Embodiment 19. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 15-18, wherein the front wall defines a front surface of the plurality of putt surfaces. The front surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a lefthand configuration and a righthand configuration of the golf putter.

    [0093] Embodiment 20. The golf putter of Embodiment 19, wherein, in the lefthand configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a first angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0094] Embodiment 21. The golf putter of Embodiment 19 or 20, wherein, in the righthand configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a second angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0095] Embodiment 22. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 1-5 and 15-21, wherein the putter head includes a first side wall that defines a first side surface of the plurality of putt surfaces. The first side surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a first push configuration of the golf putter.

    [0096] Embodiment 23. The golf putter of Embodiment 22, wherein, in the first push configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a third angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0097] Embodiment 24. The golf putter of Embodiment 22 or 23, wherein the putter head includes a second side wall that defines a second side surface of the plurality of putt surfaces. The second side surface is opposite the first side surface. The second side surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a second push configuration of the golf putter.

    [0098] Embodiment 25. The golf putter of Embodiment 24, wherein, in the second push configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a fourth angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0099] Embodiment 26. The golf putter of Embodiment 2 or 4, further including a hosel at the lower end of the shaft. The putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft via an articulating connection of the hosel to the putter head.

    [0100] Embodiment 27. The golf putter of Embodiment 26, further including a fastener extending through the hosel and securely received by the putter head to pivotably couple the hosel to the putter head about the rotational axis. The fastener extends along the rotational axis and the hosel is configured to rotate about the fastener.

    [0101] Embodiment 28. The golf putter of Embodiment 2 or 4, wherein the head body includes a front wall.

    [0102] Embodiment 29. The golf putter of Embodiment 28, wherein the head body further includes a rear wall spaced apart from the front wall to define an opening in which bottom end of the shaft at least partially extends.

    [0103] Embodiment 30. The golf putter of Embodiment 29, further including a fastener, wherein the front wall defines a blind hole and the rear wall defines a through hole. The fastener is configured to extend through a through hole of the rear wall and be received by the blind hole of the front wall to pivotably couple the bottom end of the shaft to the putter head.

    [0104] Embodiment 31. The golf putter of Embodiment 30, further including a hosel at the lower end of the shaft. The putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft via an articulating connection of the hosel to the putter head. The fastener extends through the hosel such that the hosel is configured to rotate about the fastener.

    [0105] Embodiment 32. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 28-31, wherein the front wall defines a front surface of the plurality of putt surfaces. The front surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a lefthand configuration and a righthand configuration of the golf putter.

    [0106] Embodiment 33. The golf putter of Embodiment 32, wherein, in the lefthand configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a first angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0107] Embodiment 34. The golf putter of Embodiment 32 or 33, wherein, in the righthand configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a second angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0108] Embodiment 35. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 28-34, wherein the head body includes a first side wall that defines a first side surface of the plurality of putt surfaces. The first side surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a first push configuration of the golf putter.

    [0109] Embodiment 36. The golf putter of Embodiment 36, wherein, in the first push configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a third angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0110] Embodiment 37. The golf putter of Embodiment 35 or 36, wherein the head body includes a second side wall that defines a second side surface of the plurality of putt surfaces. The second side surface is opposite the first side surface. The second side surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a second push configuration of the golf putter.

    [0111] Embodiment 38. The golf putter of Embodiment 37, wherein, in the second push configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a fourth angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0112] Embodiment 39. The golf putter of Embodiment 3 or 5, further including a hosel at the lower end of the shaft. The putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft via an articulating connection of the hosel to the putter head.

    [0113] Embodiment 40. The golf putter of Embodiment 39, further including a fastener extending through the hosel and securely received by the putter head to pivotably couple the hosel to the putter head about the rotational axis. The fastener extends along the rotational axis and the hosel is configured to rotate about the fastener.

    [0114] Embodiment 41. The golf putter of Embodiment 3 or 5, wherein the head body includes a front wall.

    [0115] Embodiment 42. The golf putter of Embodiment 41, wherein the head body further includes a rear wall spaced apart from the front wall to define an opening in which the bottom end of the shaft at least partially extends.

    [0116] Embodiment 43. The golf putter of Embodiment 42, further including a fastener. The front wall defines a blind hole and the rear wall defines a through hole. The fastener is configured to extend through a through hole of the rear wall and be received by the blind hole of the front wall to pivotably couple the bottom end of the shaft to the putter head.

    [0117] Embodiment 44. The golf putter of Embodiment 43, further including a hosel at the lower end of the shaft. The putter head is pivotably coupled to the lower end of the shaft via an articulating connection of the hosel to the putter head. The fastener extends through the hosel such that the hosel is configured to rotate about the fastener.

    [0118] Embodiment 45. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 41-44, wherein the plurality of inserts includes a front insert coupled to the front wall. The front insert defines an extent of a front surface of the plurality of putt surfaces. The front surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a lefthand configuration and a righthand configuration of the golf putter.

    [0119] Embodiment 46. The golf putter of Embodiment 45, wherein the front insert is coupled to the front wall via adhesive.

    [0120] Embodiment 47. The golf putter of Embodiment 45 or 46, wherein the front wall defines a front cavity in which the front insert is at least partially housed.

    [0121] Embodiment 48. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 45-47, wherein, in the lefthand configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a first angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0122] Embodiment 49. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 45-48, wherein, in the righthand configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a second angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0123] Embodiment 50. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 41-49, wherein the head body includes a first side wall and the plurality of inserts includes a first side insert coupled to the first side wall. The first side insert defines an extent of a first side surface of the plurality of putt surfaces. The first side surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a first push configuration of the golf putter.

    [0124] Embodiment 51. The golf putter of Embodiment 50, wherein the first side insert is coupled to the first side wall via adhesive.

    [0125] Embodiment 52. The golf putter of Embodiment 50 or 51, wherein the first side wall defines a first side cavity in which the first side insert is at least partially housed.

    [0126] Embodiment 53. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 50-52, wherein, in the first push configuration, the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a third angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0127] Embodiment 54. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 50-53, wherein the head body includes a second side wall and the plurality of inserts includes a second side insert coupled to the second side wall. The second side insert defines an extent of a second side surface of the plurality of putt surfaces. The second side surface is opposite the first side surface. The second side surface is configured to contact the golf ball in a second push configuration of the golf putter.

    [0128] Embodiment 55. The golf putter of Embodiment 54, wherein the second side insert is coupled to the second side wall via adhesive.

    [0129] Embodiment 56. The golf putter of Embodiment 54 or 55, wherein the second side wall defines a second side cavity in which the second side insert is at least partially housed.

    [0130] Embodiment 57. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 54-56, wherein, in the second push configuration, the golf ball and the shaft is rotated about the rotational axis to extend in a fourth angle relative to the bottom horizonal plane.

    [0131] Embodiment 58. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 1-57, wherein each of the plurality of putt surfaces is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the putter head.

    [0132] Embodiment 59. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 1-58, wherein the shaft is configured to rotate a first maximum angle in a first direction relative to a vertical axis and a second maximum angle in a second direction relative to the vertical axis. The second direction is opposite the first direction and the second maximum angle equals the first maximum angle.

    [0133] Embodiment 60. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 1-59, wherein the putter head includes a ball scoop for scooping the golf ball up.

    [0134] Embodiment 61. The golf putter of any of Embodiments 1-60, further including a golf ball grabber coupled to the upper end of the shaft for picking the golf ball up.

    [0135] The above-described embodiments, and particularly any preferred embodiments, are possible examples of implementations and merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the invention. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiment(s) without substantially departing from the spirit and principles of the techniques described herein. All modifications are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and protected by the following claims.