FIRE EXTINGUISHING AIR BUBBLE FILM FILLED WITH GASEOUS FIRE-EXTINGUISHING MEDIUM, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with a gaseous fire-extinguishing medium, and a manufacturing method therefor. The fire extinguishing air bubble film includes a double-layer air bubble film base material and buffer air bubbles distributed in the double-layer air bubble film base material and internally filled with the gaseous fire-extinguishing medium, where the air bubble film base material is prepared from polyethylene as a base material and auxiliary materials in a specified weight ratio.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage device comprising: a first vessel, having a first fluid inlet and/or a first fluid outlet, having therein a thermally conducting network thermally coupled to a first heater; wherein the first vessel is arranged to receive therein a hydrogen storage material in thermal contact, at least in part, with the thermally conducting network; wherein the thermally conducting network has a lattice geometry, a gyroidal geometry and/or a fractal geometry in two and/or three dimensions, comprising a plurality of nodes, having thermally conducting arms therebetween, with voids between the arms; wherein the hydrogen storage material comprises and/or is a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC); and wherein the thermally conducting network comprises a LOHC hydrogenation and/or dehydrogenation catalyst provided on and/or in a surface thereof.

2. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage device is arrangeable in: a first arrangement wherein the thermally conducting network is within the first vessel; and a second arrangement wherein the thermally conducting network is outside the first vessel; wherein the first vessel comprises a circumferential releasable joint.

3. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conducting network comprises fluidically interconnected passageways within the arms and/or the nodes thereof, for flow therethough of a fluid.

4. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conducting network comprises a LOHC hydrogenation and/or dehydrogenation catalyst, provided on and/or in a surface thereof.

5. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conducting network has a porosity in a range from 50% to 99% by volume of the thermally conducting network.

6. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conducting network has a specific surface area in a range from 0.1 m.sup.−1 to 100 m.sup.−1.

7. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first heater is arranged to provide a heat output in a range from 0.1 MW m.sup.−3 to 50 MW m.sup.−3, preferably in a range from 1 MW m.sup.−3 to 25 MW m.sup.−3, more preferably in a range from 2.5 MW m.sup.−3 to 10 MW m.sup.−3.

8. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first heater is arranged heat the hydrogen storage material to temperature in a range from 50° C. to 400° C.

9. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, comprising a pump arranged to flow the hydrogen storage material through the first vessel.

10. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the LOHC comprises and/or is a saturated cycloalkene, aromatic, heterocyclic aromatic and/or a mixture thereof.

11. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the LOHC comprises and/or is a compound selected from a group consisting of: N-ethylcarbazole (NEC), monobenzyltoluene (MBT), dibenzyltoluene (DBT), 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine (AB), toluene (TOL), naphthalene (NAP), benzene, phenanthrene, pyrene, pyridine, chinoline, flurene, carbazole, methanol, formic acid, phenazine, ammonia, and mixtures thereof.

12. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage material comprises a dopant, is provided in a solvent or both.

13. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, having a hydrogen storage density of at least 0.01 wt. % of the hydrogen storage material.

14. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the fractal geometry is selected from a group consisting of: a Quadratic Koch Island, a Quadratic Koch surface, a Von Koch surface, a Koch Snowflake, a Sierpinski carpet, a Sierpinski tetrahedron, a Mandelbox, a Mandelbulb, a Dodecahedron fractal, a Icosahedron fractal, a Octahedron fractal, a Menger sponge, a Jerusalem cube, and a 3D H-fractal.

15. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein an effective density of the lattice geometry is uniform in a first dimension and non-uniform in mutually orthogonal second and third dimensions.

16. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the lattice geometry is Bravais lattice; a monoclinic lattice; an orthorhombic lattice; a tetragonal lattice; a hexagonal lattice; or a cubic lattice.

17. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conducting arms have a cross sectional dimension in a range from 0.1 mm to 10 mm.

18. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conducting network is formed, at least in part, by additive manufacturing and/or by casting.

19. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, comprising a thermally-conducting foam attached and/or attachable to the thermally conducting network.

20. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the thermally conducting network partially fills an internal volume of the first vessel, of at least 50% by volume of the first vessel, thereby defining an unfilled volume.

21. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first heater comprises a Joule heater, a recirculating heater and/or a hydrogen catalytic combustor and the hydrogen storage device is arranged to interchangeably receive the Joule heater and the recirculating heater therein and/or thereon.

22. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage device comprises a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat from and/or to the LOHC.

23. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage device comprises thermal insulation, configured to thermally insulate the first vessel.

24. The hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, wherein the first vessel comprises a set of expansion tanks, including a first expansion tank and a second expansion tank, wherein the first expansion tank and the second expansion tank are mutually fluidically coupled.

25. A method of storing hydrogen comprising passing hydrogen gas into a hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, comprising heating the thermally conducting network using the first heater.

26. A method of providing hydrogen comprising releasing hydrogen gas from a hydrogen storage device according to claim 1, comprising heating the thermally conducting network using the first heater.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with a gaseous fire-extinguishing medium provided by the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] The technical solutions in the examples of the present disclosure are clearly and completely described below. Apparently, the described examples are merely some rather than all of the examples of the present disclosure.

Example 1 (Comparative Example)

[0026] In this example, a manufacturing method for an fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with oxygen gas included the following steps:

[0027] 1) low-density polyethylene, a PVC-SC5 resin, a BDP fully-biodegradable additive, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a DOPO flame retardant, a PE film anti-block agent, and a fluorescent whitening agent OB were weighed according to a weight ratio of 40:25:20:10:2:2:1, and stirred clockwise in a mixer at 300 r/min for 20 min to prepare a granular air bubble film mixture with a particle size of 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm;

[0028] 2) the air bubble film mixture was melted by heating at 230° C. in a heating device to prepare a pasty material;

[0029] 3) the pasty material was sent into a film blowing machine, and extrusion, expansion, pulling, and air injection were conducted to obtain a hollow cylindrical film, where air injection made a thickness of the film more uniform;

[0030] 4) the cylindrical film was cut into two sheet films, the two films were overlapped and rolled-up on a reel of an extruder, the overlapped films were passed through a pressure roller to prepare the double-layer air bubble film base material, and softened by heating at 140° C.;

[0031] 5) a softened double-layer air bubble film base material was slowly winded on a vacuum forming roller, such that the film close to round holes on the vacuum forming roller was sucked up to form small vacuum air bubbles;

[0032] 6) oxygen gas was filled in each of the small vacuum air bubbles through air supply holes on the small vacuum air bubble by small filling holes in the round holes on the vacuum forming roller, such that the small vacuum air bubbles expanded gradually to form full buffer air bubbles with a size of the round holes and attached to the vacuum forming roller; and plastic package was conducted on positions of the air supply holes by heating at 140° C., thereby preparing the double-layer air bubble film base material; and

[0033] 7) the double-layer air bubble film base material was subjected to cooling, shaping, extension, flattening, dragging, spot-breaking, and rolling-up, to obtain the fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with oxygen gas.

Example 2

[0034] In this example, a manufacturing method for an fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with Halon, R22, trifluoromethane, trifluoromethyl iodide, pentafluoroethyl iodide, and 2-BTP included the following steps:

[0035] 1) linear low-density polyethylene, a PVC-SC5 resin, a BDP fully-biodegradable additive, dioctyl phthalate (DOP), a DOPO flame retardant, a PE film anti-block agent, and a fluorescent whitening agent OB were weighed according to a weight ratio of 45:24:16:8:3:2.5:1.5, and stirred clockwise in a mixer at 400 r/min for 20 min to prepare a granular air bubble film mixture with a particle size of 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm;

[0036] 2) the air bubble film mixture was melted by heating at 230° C. in a heating device to prepare a pasty material;

[0037] 3) the pasty material was sent into a film blowing machine, and extrusion, expansion, pulling, and air injection were conducted to obtain a hollow cylindrical film, where air injection made a thickness of the film more uniform;

[0038] 4) the cylindrical film was cut into two sheet films, the two films were overlapped and rolled-up on a reel of an extruder, the overlapped films were passed through a pressure roller to prepare the double-layer air bubble film base material 1, and softened by heating at 140° C.;

[0039] 5) a softened double-layer air bubble film base material 1 was slowly winded on a vacuum forming roller, such that the film close to round holes on the vacuum forming roller was sucked up to form small vacuum air bubbles;

[0040] 6) Halon, R22, trifluoromethane, trifluoromethyl iodide, pentafluoroethyl iodide, and 2-BTP was filled in each of the small vacuum air bubbles through air supply holes on the small vacuum air bubble by small filling holes in the round holes on the vacuum forming roller, such that the small vacuum air bubbles expanded gradually to form full buffer air bubbles 2 with a size of the round holes and attached to the vacuum forming roller; and plastic package was conducted on positions of the air supply holes by heating at 160° C., thereby preparing the double-layer air bubble film base material; and

[0041] 7) the double-layer air bubble film base material was subjected to cooling, shaping, extension, flattening, dragging, spot-breaking, and rolling-up, to obtain the fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with Halon, R22, trifluoromethane, trifluoromethyl iodide, pentafluoroethyl iodide, and 2-BTP, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0042] In this example, a manufacturing method for an fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with a mixed gas of FE-36, FM-200, perfluorohexanone, an INERGEN gas, and carbon dioxide included the following steps:

[0043] 1) high-density polyethylene, a PVC-SG4 resin, a BDP fully-biodegradable additive, tricresyl phosphate, a DOPO flame retardant, a PE film anti-block agent, and fluorescent whitening agent OB-1 were weighed according to a weight ratio of 50:15:19:6:5:3:2, and stirred clockwise in a mixer at 400 r/min for 25 min to prepare a granular air bubble film mixture with a particle size of 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm;

[0044] 2) the air bubble film mixture was melted by heating at 230° C. in a heating device to prepare a pasty material;

[0045] 3) the pasty material was sent into a film blowing machine, and extrusion, expansion, pulling, and air injection were conducted to obtain a hollow cylindrical film, where air injection made a thickness of the film more uniform;

[0046] 4) the cylindrical film was cut into two sheet films, the two films were overlapped and rolled-up on a reel of an extruder, the overlapped films were passed through a pressure roller to prepare the double-layer air bubble film base material 1, and softened by heating at 160° C.;

[0047] 5) a softened double-layer air bubble film base material 1 was slowly winded on a vacuum forming roller, such that the film close to round holes on the vacuum forming roller was sucked up to form small vacuum air bubbles;

[0048] 6) a mixed gas of FE-36, FM-200, perfluorohexanone, an INERGEN gas, and carbon dioxide was filled in each of the small vacuum air bubbles through air supply holes on the small vacuum air bubble by small filling holes in the round holes on the vacuum forming roller, such that the small vacuum air bubbles expanded gradually to form full buffer air bubbles 2 with a size of the round holes and attached to the vacuum forming roller; and plastic package was conducted on positions of the air supply holes by heating at 180° C., thereby preparing the double-layer air bubble film base material; and

[0049] 7) the double-layer air bubble film base material was subjected to cooling, shaping, extension, flattening, dragging, spot-breaking, and rolling-up, to obtain the fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with a mixed gas of FE-36, FM-200, perfluorohexanone, an INERGEN gas, and carbon dioxide.

Example 4

[0050] In this example, a manufacturing method for an fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with an inert gas including carbon dioxide, nitrogen, neon, helium, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon included the following steps:

[0051] 1) low-density polyethylene, a mixture of linear low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene, a PVC-SG4 resin, a BDP fully-biodegradable additive, chlorinated paraffin, a DOPO flame retardant, a PE film anti-block agent, and a fluorescent whitening agent OB-1 were weighed according to a weight ratio of 55:22:15:4:1:2.5:0.5, and stirred clockwise in a mixer at 500 r/min for 30 min to prepare a granular air bubble film mixture with a particle size of 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm;

[0052] 2) the air bubble film mixture was melted by heating at 230° C. in a heating device to prepare a pasty material;

[0053] 3) the pasty material was sent into a film blowing machine, and extrusion, expansion, pulling, and air injection were conducted to obtain a hollow cylindrical film, where air injection made a thickness of the film more uniform;

[0054] 4) the cylindrical film was cut into two sheet films, the two films were overlapped and rolled-up on a reel of an extruder, the overlapped films were passed through a pressure roller to prepare the double-layer air bubble film base material 1, and softened by heating at 180° C.;

[0055] 5) a softened double-layer air bubble film base material 1 was slowly winded on a vacuum forming roller, such that the film close to round holes on the vacuum forming roller was sucked up to form small vacuum air bubbles;

[0056] 6) an inert gas including carbon dioxide, nitrogen, neon, helium, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon was filled in each of the small vacuum air bubbles through air supply holes on the small vacuum air bubble by small filling holes in the round holes on the vacuum forming roller, such that the small vacuum air bubbles expanded gradually to form full buffer air bubbles 2 with a size of the round holes and attached to the vacuum forming roller; and plastic package was conducted on positions of the air supply holes by heating at 200° C., thereby preparing the double-layer air bubble film base material; and

[0057] 7) the double-layer air bubble film base material was subjected to cooling, shaping, extension, flattening, dragging, spot-breaking, and rolling-up, to obtain the fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with an inert gas including carbon dioxide, nitrogen, neon, helium, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

[0058] In order to verify an effect of the present disclosure, ignition experiments were conducted on the air bubble films prepared in Examples 1 to 4. The test results showed that the oxygen gas-filled air bubble film prepared in Example 1 by filling with the oxygen gas in the air bubbles has a significantly earlier ignition time than that of the fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with a gaseous fire-extinguishing medium prepared in Examples 2 to 4. Moreover, due to an combustion-supporting effect of the oxygen gas, a flame intensity of the air bubble film filled with the oxygen gas in the air bubbles is obviously stronger than that of the fire extinguishing air bubble film filled with a gaseous fire-extinguishing medium at an initial stage.

[0059] The fire extinguishing air bubble films filled with a gaseous fire-extinguishing medium prepared in Examples 2 to 4 were compared in pairs. The test results showed that, compared with Example 3 having more flame retardant formulation, Example 2 had a slightly shorter ignition time, but a higher burning speed; compared with Example 4 having less flame retardant formulation, Example 2 had a slightly longer ignition time and a lower burning speed; compared with Example 4 with less flame retardant formulation, Example 3 had a significantly longer ignition time and a significantly lower burning speed.

[0060] The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than limit the present disclosure. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement to some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included within the protection scope of the present disclosure.