ELECTROSHOCK BULLET, REPLACEABLE BARREL AND CORRESPONDING WEAPON

Abstract

The electroshock bullet comprises a body, a source of electric energy, a switch, a target-disabling current generator, and electrode-devices for fixing the bullet on the target. The bullet body is made of electrically insulating material with an inner cavity and has prefabricated rifling protrusions or a driving band located on it. On the outer forming shell of the bullet there are conductive protective electrode-tracks connected with electrode-devices for the purposes of fixing the bullet on the target. A cylindrical power source, spring-loaded with an elastic electrically conductive element, is located in the cavity of the body along its axis. The replaceable barrel for firing electroshock bullets contains a polymer case with rifling and an initiation device. The device for initiating low-voltage, high-voltage or shock ignition simultaneously serves as a source of energy for firing an electroshock bullet. The device is located in a high-pressure chamber in the chamber of the barrel. The rifling of the bullet location begins in the barrel zone with the largest wall thickness. A weapon for using interchangeable barrels for firing electroshock bullets contains a body, a trigger or a switch, and a firing initiation device. The body has a hinged or fixed attachment point for individual interchangeable barrels with a fixation of the hinge or the barrels that prevents their movement. The initiation device has the ignition of low-voltage, high-voltage or shock type, and a mechanical trigger mechanism or a source of low-voltage or high-voltage initiation signals are located in the body. The technical result is to ensure the impossibility of removal of the electric bullet by the offender until its full effect, to exclude the false activation of the electric bullet as a result of accidental acceleration, and to ensure the possibility of deactivating the electric bullet.

Claims

1. An electroshock bullet, including a body made in the form of a hollow cylinder on the surface of which obturating-driving elements are mounted, as well as protective electrodes made of an electrically conductive material and represented by straight or wrap around strips or annular strips or annular ridges, Electrode-devices for fixing the bullet on the target, A switch containing the first contact of the switch located on the end of the bullet body and functionally connected to the target-disabling current generator and the second contact of the switch located inside the bullet body with an output on the outer end of the bullet body functionally connected to the electrochemical source of electric energy installed inside the body, Wherein an elastic element is installed inside the body which is made with the possibility of compensating for the disruption of contact between said generator of the target-disabling electric current, the electrochemical source of electric energy, and the second contact of the switch, Wherein said generator of the target-disabling electric current contains contacts made with the possibility of interacting with the electrode-devices for fixing the bullet on the target.

2. Electroshock bullet according to Cl. 1, characterized in that the first contact of the switch is push-acting.

3. Electroshock bullet according to Cl. 1, characterized in that the second contact of the switch is movable.

4. Electroshock bullet according to Cl. 1, characterized in that the body is detachable.

5. Electroshock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that said target-disabling current generator has a shut-down timer.

6. Electroshock bullet according to Cl. 1, characterized in that between the first and second contacts there is a weight-insulator with the possibility of removing it from the contact pair.

7. Electroshock bullet according to Cl. 1, characterized in that the first contact of the switch is made of an adhesive material with an electrically conductive element, or is an electrically conductive elastic element mechanically unstable in the axial direction.

8. An electroshock bullet according to Cl. 1, characterized in that it additionally contains a load in a body made of electrically insulating material with the possibility of longitudinal movement, connected to the elongated electrode-devices for fixing the bullet on the target.

9. Interchangeable barrel for firing electroshock bullets, containing a muzzle-loading barrel body with high-and low-pressure chambers connected by a transition part and an initiating-firing device placed in the high-pressure chamber, with the low-pressure chamber with rifling is made with the possibility of placing electroshock bullets in it.

10. Interchangeable barrel according to Cl. 9, characterized in that the initiating and firing device is made with the possibility of low-voltage, high-voltage or shock ignition and creating a pressure pulse for firing electroshock bullets with muzzle energy sufficient to deliver the electroshock bullet to the target and fix it thereon.

11. Interchangeable barrel according to Cl. 9, characterized in that an elastic sealing element is located between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber.

12. Interchangeable barrel according to Cl. 9, characterized in that the muzzle-loading barrel body contains an electrode, a portion of which extends to the outer surface of the barrel body and another portion of which is adjacent to the high-voltage ignition initiating and firing device directly or with a gap.

13. Interchangeable barrel according to Cl. 9, characterized in that at least one gas discharge port is provided between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber.

14. Interchangeable barrel according to Cl. 9, characterized in that the barrel body is provided with a front sight, and a barrel recess is provided on a portion of the barrel diametrically opposite the front sight.

15. Interchangeable barrel according to Cl. 9, characterized in that the barrel body includes recesses or protrusions for inserting said barrel body into reciprocal protrusions or recesses of the interchangeable barrel locking device of the weapon.

16. Weapon for use of interchangeable barrels for firing electroshock bullets, comprising a body, a mechanical percussion trigger, or an electric low-voltage or high-voltage trigger, a hinged or fixed interchangeable barrel retention device.

17. Weapon according to Cl. 16, characterized in that said high-voltage trigger mechanism comprises a piezoelectric generator cooperating with a trigger or a switch.

18. Weapon according to Cl. 16, characterized in that it comprises a laser designator and a laser designator switch.

19. Weapon according to Cl. 16, characterized in that the aforementioned hinged interchangeable barrel locking device is made with horizontal or vertical tilting capability.

20. Weapon according to Cl. 16, characterized in that the aforementioned hinged interchangeable barrel locking device is fixed in a fixed position on the weapon by means of a spring-loaded locking button.

21. Weapon according to Cl. 16, characterized in that the aforementioned fixed interchangeable barrel locking device has an interchangeable barrel slide.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] FIG. 1. Bullet with spring-movable electrode-devices for fixing the bullet on the target before firing (general views, section and details).

[0037] FIG. 2. Bullet with spring-moving electrode-devices for fixing the bullet on the target after firing (general view and section).

[0038] FIG. 3. Bullet with moving weights of elongated electrode-devices fixing the bullet on the target before firing (general view and section).

[0039] FIG. 4. Bullet with moving weights of elongated electrode-devices fixing the bullet on the target after firing (section).

[0040] FIG. 5. Low cost bullet before firing (general view and section).

[0041] FIG. 6. Low cost bullet (section).

[0042] FIG. 7. Bullet with centrifugal switch before firing (general views and section).

[0043] FIG. 8. Bullet with centrifugal switch after firing (general view and section).

[0044] FIG. 9. Experimental electric bullets of calibers of 14.7 mm and 11.4 mm.

[0045] FIG. 10. Interchangeable barrel with low-voltage electric percussion cap (general views and section)

[0046] FIG. 11. Interchangeable barrel with high-voltage electric percussion cap (general views and section).

[0047] FIG. 12. Section of an interchangeable barrel with electric bullet.

[0048] FIG. 13. Weapon with interchangeable barrels with low-voltage electric percussion cap (2 views in loaded state, loaded state and

[0049] FIG. 13a. Weapon with interchangeable barrels with low-voltage electric percussion cap (prototype weapon with half of the body removed).

[0050] FIG. 14. Weapons with interchangeable barrels with high-voltage electric percussion cap (2 views, loaded and ready to fire)

[0051] FIG. 14a Weapon with interchangeable barrels with high-voltage electric percussion cap (experimental weapon with half of the body removed).

EXECUTION OF THE INVENTION

[0052] FIG. 1. Views and section of the bullet before firing. Bullet body 1 with prefabricated rifling protrusions on the body, head 2, electrode-devices for fixing the bullet on the target 3 (needles with burrs) fixed on a movable insulating ring-shaped pad 4, protective electrodes 5, assembly of disk power supply elements 6 (watch batteries type), electrical insulating tube 7, centralizer 8, elastic element 9 of power supply elements, needle contact 10, membrane contact 11, board 12 of generator of the target-disabling electric current (internal device not shown), spring 13 of electrode extension, balls 14 of locks. The head 2 is connected to the body by pressing, by a ring-lock (projection-hollow) connection, by threaded connection or by gluing.

[0053] Protective electrodes 5 may be arranged as straight or wrap around strips or annular strips or annular ridges (crown-shaped rings with protrusions) running along the outer surface of the electric bullet and made of adhesive metallic foil or metallization. The number of disk power supply elements determines the output disabling voltage of the generator of the pulse electric target-disabling current voltage, which in the proposed bullet reaches 300V. The elastic element 9 can be made as a twisted cylindrical spring, or a disk or membrane spring. It can be installed (loaded) both onto the front pole of the assembly of disk power supply elements 6 and onto the rear pole as well as between disk power supply elements. The main purpose of the elastic element 9 is to compensate for possible disruption of the contact between the generator of the target-disabling electric current and the power supply source during its alternating shear displacements as a result of bullet accelerations during firing and impact of the bullet against the target. An additional purpose is to provide the springiness of the contact 28 of FIG. 7 (see below).

[0054] The spring 13 has bent retaining portions at its ends, one rear portion 15 securing the spring against rotation in the body by inserting the rear portion into a recess in the rear end face of the body cavity, and the front portion 16 serving to secure the spring in the position of the fully extended electrodes 3 in the opening 17 or internal sub-insertion of the body. The bullet is located in the cartridge or barrel before being fired with the compressed spring 13 (with the electrode 3 pushed inside the body cavity) fixed by the pad 4 resting on balls 14 pushed inside the body when the bullet was being placed in the barrel or interchangeable barrel (description of interchangeable barrel with a bullet of this design in FIG. 12). In this case, the front retaining part 16 is pressed inside the first front coil of the spring. In case of the device without a hole 17 but with an internal cavity (internal ring groove in the body cavity), the front coil of the spring has a larger (bent) coil compared to the larger part of the spring, which is compressed when the spring is wound up and falls into the cavity of the body when the spring is unclamped, thereby securing the spring from recompression.

[0055] The membrane contact 11 is a flat membrane made of metallic adhesive foil, with the adhesive layer facing the needle contact 10 but not touching it. The adhesive layer consists of a non-drying adhesive. In one of the designs, the contact 11 has a center with a diameter of 2-3 mm with the adhesive layer removed, and in another design, the adhesive layer is covered by an electrically conductive track 18 running to the center of the membrane made of metallic adhesive foil, with its adhesive layer facing the adhesive layer of the membrane. The diameter of the contact 11 can be perforated with small holes. A connecting conductor between the second power supply contact of the generator board and the membrane contact 11 with the adhesive layer removed in the center is electrically connected to the membrane. The connecting conductor between the second power supply contact of the generator board and the membrane contact 11 with the covering conductive track 18 is electrically coupled to the track. The connecting conductor between the second power supply contact of the board of the generator of the target-disabling electric current and the second contact of the switch may be laid in the form of a track or conductor along the inner forming cavity of the bullet, or outside the bullet body with a separating film insulation between the connecting conductor and the protective electrodes.

[0056] FIG. 2. View and section of the bullet after firing. When the bullet is fired from the barrel device (is shot), the pressure of hot gases of the pyrotechnic firing charge or cold gas of the pneumatic weapon impacts the wad in front of the membrane contact 11 or directly the membrane contact 11. The pressure transmitted from the gases by the wad or directly by the gas, the membrane contact 11 is pressed into the recess of the rear end of the bullet, with its glue-less center (which can serve as an insulator worsening the contact) pierced by the needle contact 10 which is rigidly fixed, for example, by glue or tight fit in the rear end of the bullet cavity. In this case, the membrane contact is glued to the surface of the recess of the rear end of the bullet that does not give the possibility of disconnection of the membrane contact 11 with the contact 10 during the shaking of the bullet (reverse accelerations due to the elasticity of the clothing and the body of the target) at the moment of target impact. Perforations of the membrane along its diameter facilitate air escape from under the membrane during its high-speed pushing into the recess of the bullet face and better settling into the recess with adhesion to it. Membrane contact 11 with covering conductive track 18 works in a similar way, but in this design, there is no need for non-technological release of the center of the membrane from the adhesive layer, and the membrane contact can be made not of metal foil but rather of adhesive polymer film. When the contact 11 is pierced by contact 10, the power supply of the generator of target-disabling electric current is closed and the generator begins to feed potentials of impulses of disabling current to the movable electrodes 3 contacting with the output contacts of the board of the generator of target-disabling electric current 12. The bullet accelerates along the rifling of the barrel channel, interacting with the rifling with its own prefabricated rifling or, in another version, with the driving band, which can be part of the body or a separate part mounted on the body similar to the driving bands of artillery shells. When the bullet leaves the barrel, the balls 14 are released and pushed out of the bullet body behind the muzzle by centrifugal forces and by the ejection force of the pad 4 under the action of the unclamping force of the spring 13 being released. The spring 13 opens and moves the pad 4 with the electrodes 3 attached thereto to extend the electrodes 3 out of the bullet body. When the pad 4 reaches the stop in the board 12, the front part 16 of the spring bending gets into the hole 17, fixing the spring from reverse compression upon the electrodes 3 target impact and the force of piercing the clothing and body of the target with a corresponding reduction in the distance of introduction of the electrodes 3 into the clothing and body of the offender. In another design of the fixation, the front coil of the spring is fixed in the inner subcavity of the bullet body. The bullet is fixed to the target and transmits the electric current of the target-disabling current generator to the target, resulting in immobilization of the target. The principle of operation of the protective electrodes 5 is considered at the end of the description of all figures of the bullet design.

[0057] FIG. 3. View and section of the bullet before firing. In another design the bullet device differs from that described in FIG. 1. and FIG. 2 in that on the cylindrical body 19 bullet does not have holes 14 and holes 17, spring 13, balls 14, movable insulating ring-shaped pad 4. Instead of the expanding spring 13, an inertial load 20 with electrode devices fixed therein for fixing the bullet on the target 3 moves in the cavity of the body along the tube 7. The load 20 consists of two parts separated by a glued insulating pad or adhesive layer 21. In another design, the load may move along longitudinal guides of the body cavity to avoid bending the electrodes 3 by centrifugal forces when firing. The load may be separate for each of the electrodes 3 and in this case is not separated by the insulating gasket 20, but rather moves between the longitudinal ridges of the body cavity protruding into the cavity, with their tops reaching the tube 7.

[0058] FIG. 4. View and section of the bullet after firing. The operation of the membrane switch bullet is not different from that described in FIG. 2. After target impact and sharp braking on the target, the load 20 with the electrode 3 is moved forward under the action of inertial forces. At that, due to the inertia force of the load 20, the electrodes 3 pierce the clothing and penetrate the target body. At the same time, due to the much greater mass of the load 20 encompassing the tube 7 (in a specific design for tungsten 6.5 g, for lead 3.6 g) resulting from the bullet structure compared to the mass of the inertial needles of the bullets of the first and second prototype, the impulse of penetration of the electrodes 3 into the target will be 0.156 kg. m/sec. at an average speed of the bullet target impact of only 24 m/sec for a short-barreled weapon. The impulse of penetration of two electrodes of the proposed bullet design is 86 times more than that of two electrodes of the first prototype, which is more than enough for introduction of electrodes into the body even through dense leather clothing. The bullet is fixed to the target and transmits the electric current of the target-disabling current generator to the target, resulting in immobilization of the target.

[0059] In both of the above described bullet designs, reliable electrical contact between the sliding electrodes 3 and the output contacts of the generator of the target-disabling electric current on the board 12, unlike the prototype of the patent [5], is achieved by the force of extension of the electrodes 3 either by the force of the spring 13 or of the load 20, which makes it possible to arrange sliding contact places with sufficient forces of elastic pressing of the electrodes 3 to the contacts of the board 12.

[0060] FIG. 5. View and section of the bullet before firing. The low-budget version of the bullet has a body 22, membrane contact 23 is an unstable in the axial direction elastic membrane made of low-oxidizing metal, with its concave side facing the contact 24 but not touching it. The contact 24 has the possibility of longitudinal movement in the body cavity of the bullet, similar to the assembly of disk power supply elements 6 loaded with an elastic element 9. In this design, the bullet has the electrodes 3 permanently extended and obliquely positioned at the angle of travel of the rifling in the barrel cartridge or gun barrel. Bullets with retractable electrodes 3 will always be more expensive due to the complexity of the design, and the main purpose of hiding the electrodes 3 inside the body of the bullet before firing is to reduce the total length of the bullet for compact placement in a short interchangeable barrel or special cartridge or magazine or cylinder of the weapon for firing and subsequently reduce the dimensions of the weapon. The connecting conductor 25 between the second power supply contact of the generator board and the membrane contact 23 is electrically connected to the membrane by soldering or welding. The membrane may have concentric or radial notches on the bending portion to facilitate its bending. In this design, the bullet does not have movable (extending) electrodes; the main purpose of hiding them inside the body of the bullet before firing is to reduce the total length of the bullet for compact placement in the barrel cartridge or magazine or cylinder of the weapon for firing and subsequently reduce the dimensions of the weapon.

[0061] FIG. 6. Section of the bullet after firing. When the bullet is fired from the barrel device (is shot), the pressure of hot gases of the pyrotechnic firing charge or cold gas of the pneumatic weapon impacts the wad in front of the membrane contact 23 or directly the membrane contact 23. The pressure transmitted from the gases by the wad or directly by the gas starts to push the membrane contact 23 into the recess of the rear end of the bullet. The membrane contact 23 at some point starts losing longitudinal stability in the axial direction and then bends completely backwards into the recess, stays in this new position and with its elasticity exerts pressure on the contact 24, which moves forward through the cavity of the body together with the assembly of disk power supply elements 6 compressing the elastic element 9 through the movable centralizer 8. When electrical contacting of the membrane contact 23 and contact 24 is reached, the generator of the target-disabling electric current of the board 12 is switched on. In another design, the contact 24 may be rigidly fixed in the body 22, and reliable contact therewith is achieved upon the bending of the membrane contact by precise execution of the parts for guaranteed electrical contacting of the membrane contact with the contact 24 after the bending position of the membrane contact is changed. The bullet accelerates and moves along the rifling of the barrel, interacting with the rifling by its prefabricated rifling or, in another design, by the projectile driving band. The bullet is fixed to the target and transmits the electric current of the target-disabling current generator to the target, resulting in immobilization of the target.

[0062] FIG. 7. Views and section of the bullet before firing. In the design with centrifugal switch, the bullet has a body 26, fixed contact 27, which is a metal plate rigidly fixed to the body. The contact 28 has the possibility of longitudinal movement in the body cavity of the bullet like the assembly of disk power supply elements 6 loaded with an elastic element 9. A connecting conductor between the second power supply contact of the generator board and contact 27 is electrically connected to contact 27. Insulating loads 29, made either entirely of non-current conducting material (e.g. polymers with heavy filler) or of metal with central protrusions 30 sectors of insulating material, are installed under the contact 27. With the elastic element 9 through the centralizer 8 and the assembly of disk power supply elements 6, the contact 28 is pressed to the protrusions 30 which do not allow it to electrically contact the contact 27. The design of contact 28 and loads 29 may be different in form factors but without changing the principle of operation indicated below.

[0063] FIG. 8 View and section of the bullet after firing. At the moment of bullet being fired from the barrel device (shot), the pressure of hot gases of pyrotechnic firing charge or cold gas of pneumatic weapon impacts the wad in front of the contact 27 and insulating loads 29. The contact 27 made with the calculation of avoiding deformation during the shot and insulating loads 29 take the load of bullet acceleration. The bullet accelerates and moves along the rifling of the barrel channel interacting with the rifling by its prefabricated rifling or in another design by the projectile driving band. As the bullet flies out of the barrel, the insulating loads 29 with protrusions 30 under the action of centrifugal forces are separated from the body 26 and are flipped away to the sides. At the same time the contact 28, released for movement under the action of the elastic element 9 through the centralizer 8 and assemblies of disk power supply elements 6, presses against the contact 27, thereby turning on the target-disabling current generator of the electric current of the board 12. The bullet is fixed to the target and transmits the electric current of the target-disabling current generator to the target, resulting in immobilization of the target.

[0064] All of the above described designs of the bullet may utilize obliquely placed electrodes 3, represented in some figures as directly placed for a better understanding of the operation of bullets to fit in the sections of the described parts. When the bullets described in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2; FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 impact the target, the obliquely placed electrodes 3 on the movable insulating ring-shaped pad 4 or on the load 20 move forward with angular rotation as the electrodes 3 are extended from the body of the bullet. Experimental shooting of the proposed bullet at different test velocities, provided that the permissible specific energy of the bullet does not exceed the permissible maximum energy of 0.5 J/mm2, showed that, contrary to initial fears, there is no the fracture occurring in the hardened steel needle-electrodes obliquely positioned relative to the axis of the bullet and set at an angle coinciding with the angle of travel of the rifling step when the bullet hits the target imitating biological tissue in thick clothing. When the bullet hits the target, the directly located electrodes bend, twisting to a greater or lesser degree depending on the thickness of the electrode wire diameter and the initial velocity of the bullet, but nevertheless reliably hold the bullet in the target without breaking. Since after the bullet is removed from the target the needle-electrodes as well as the prefabricated rifling remain intact, and the cost of electric bullets compared to kinetic projectiles is high, some of the presented bullet designs can be used as reusable and have a body consisting of front and rear parts connected by threading with a locking compound, e.g. with a thermo-softening locking compound. After the bullets have been used and removed from the targets, the bullet parts are unscrewed and the consumable parts of the switches are replaced with new ones (by tightening the spring 13 or by setting the loads 20 in the initial position) and the spent power supply is replaced with a new one. After that parts of the body are screwed back together and locked, and after operability control the electric bullets can be used again.

[0065] It is known that when electric current is applied to bio-target at low output power of RESW, in the first seconds of exposure the bio-target experiences a strong excitation from the painful sensations of electric current action with complete inability to produce meaningful actions, i.e. effective immobilization. After some time (several seconds) of exposure the bio-target becomes accustomed to the effect and seeks to remove the source of pain (e.g., when using wired RESW, the bio-target begins to try to tear out the probe electrodes fixed on the body). Electric bullets have a very low power output compared to RESW, not exceeding 0.5-1.0 W. Therefore, in order to prevent premature (before the target receives the dose of electric influence allowed by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) interruption of electric action by the target (tearing the bullet out of clothes and body), the described versions of the proposed bullet have protective electrodes 5 located on the surface of the bullet body. When the offender tries to tear the bullet from the body, he grabs the bullet with his hand and at the same time closes the circuit of the protective electrodes 5, which are movably in contact with the electrode 3, with the fingers of his hand. In this case the offender receives a disabling electric shock on the fingers of the hand and instantly releases the source of pain, but, as experiments have shown, in most cases of attempts to tear out the bullet the offender receives an even more severe electric shock from the hand to the body in the place where the bullet hit, as the electric current spreads through a larger current loop between one of the captured protective electrodes 5 and one of the electrodes 2 that entered the body. Protective electrodes may be absent on the body of the bullet in case the most budget version of the bullet is produced or, for example, for the purposes of export to countries where the hand-to-body current loop is considered to be highly injurious even at low effective output power of electroshock bullets. To avoid unnecessary suffering of the offender when the bullet hits the place of the body generally inaccessible to the hand of the offender (for example, between the shoulder blades), all described versions of the proposed bullet can be equipped with a timer for disabling the target-disabling current generator of the electric current after having generated a maximum dose of electric action authorized by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in accordance with GOST R 70017-2022.

[0066] All the described versions of the bullets, except those meant to be used in the interchangeable barrels described below, can also be used in unitary cartridges for pistols and revolvers with rifled barrels or cylinders, rifled long guns, rifled air guns.

[0067] FIG. 9. The figure shows prototype electric bullets of 14.7 mm and 11.4 mm caliber (by rifling). The 11.4 mm caliber bullets do not differ in design from the 14.7 caliber bullets described in the figures, but are miniaturized to such an extent that they can be used with the dimensions of special firearms revolvers with prefabricated rifling in the barrel chambers or large-caliber pneumatic revolvers, for example, those based on Umarex T4E HDR.50 designs.

[0068] Today the presented electric bullets are close to the size reduction limits for the electric bullets with two devices of fixation on the target and simultaneously combat electrodes in the form of needles with burrs concentrically located on the head part of the bullet not only due to the difficulties of further miniaturization, but also due to the fact that the reduction of the caliber of the bullet is reasonable only up to a certain limit, as the reduction of the caliber entails the reduction of the achieved path of the disabling electric current (electric current loop) between the needles-combat electrodes. Therefore, the weapon with electric bullets technically feasible at the present time cannot quite be miniaturized and at the same time multi-charged to the level of modern short-barreled weapons with (15-18) charges. When designing a weapon with electric bullets, the designer has to find a compromise between miniaturization (i.e., ultimately the convenience of carrying such a weapon at all times) and multi-loading. Effective target immobilization with small-caliber electric bullets may be achieved through multiple hits to achieve pain spillage and convulsions (as immobilization factors) over many areas of the body. Therefore, electric bullets should be used when multiple-shot weapons with electric bullets are available, which consequently reduce the cost of each shot with the costliest part of the shot, namely the electric bullet itself.

[0069] FIG. 10. Barrel body 31, electric percussion cap 32 (electric percussion cap; initiator) of low-voltage initiation (ignition), front sight 33, notches 34 of fixation, rifling 35, radius 36, notch 37 of front sight, high-pressure chamber 38, low-pressure chamber 39. The purpose of the formation on the body of the barrel of the front sight 33 and the recess 37 will be discussed in the description of the weapon below. The electric percussion caps contain a loading of the initiated pyrotechnic composition for firing electric bullets with the necessary muzzle energy to deliver the electric bullet to the target and fix it on it with epidermis piercing, but not exceeding the maximum energy of safe kinetic impact.

[0070] FIG. 11. Barrel body 40, high voltage electric percussion cap 41, electrode 42. The electrode 42 is pressed or molded into the body when the body is cast so that one part of it is located in the barrel cavity adjacent to the electric percussion cap 41 with no gap or with a gap of 0.5-1 mm, and the other part of it extends to the outer surface of the body. The figure shows an electrode passing through the body so that its two ends extend to the surface of the body. Such a device hydraulically balances the electrode against the possibility of it being dislodged from the bullet body 40 by the action of the pressure of the firing gases.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the rifling 35 begins in the barrel cavity at locations opposite the corners of the body of quadrangular cross-section, that is, at the thickest point of the barrel part. The purpose of this device is to obtain the greatest thickness of the barrel wall at the point where the rifling deepens into the barrel in the part of the barrel with remaining significant acting pressure after the impact of gases in the high-pressure chamber. The size of the radius 36 depends on the strength of the used injection molding material of the bullet body, but it is advisable to make it as large as possible to fit into the design without changing other dimensions of the barrel. The radius is necessary to reduce stresses in the stress concentrator, which is the place of transition from the high-pressure chamber to the low-pressure chamber. Instead of the radius transition, a cone transition can be used with the cone top facing the high-pressure chamber and the cone base facing the low-pressure chamber.

[0072] FIG. 12. Section of interchangeable barrel with low-voltage electric percussion cap and electric bullet. Barrel body 31, electric percussion cap 32, wad-obturator 43, bullet body 1, ball 14. The figure shows a section of a barrel with an electric bullet according to FIG. 1 with the retracted spring 13 for extending the electrodes 3. One of the balls 14 is visible, which is pressed into the wall of the barrel and prevents movement of the pad 4 fixing the electrodes 3. The wad-obturator 43 is made mainly of material with some elasticity, for example of felt, foamed polymeric materials, sponge rubber, rubber, etc. A cardboard or plastic wad may be placed between the wad and the high-pressure chamber, similar to the powder wad of hunting cartridges. The bullet is held inside the barrel by friction or by bullet wads installed between the electrodes 3 that are separated by the centrifugal force or by the force of the rushing air flow on the bullet leaving the barrel. The bullet cannot shift backwards upon unauthorized acceleration to activate the membrane switches of the above-described designs, since its finished rifling rests on the end (base) of the barrel rifling. The barrel is a muzzle-loading barrel, similar in loading conditions to a muzzle-loading weapon with a percussion cap on a brand tube. Barrel bodies are molded on injection molding machines from durable thermoplastics and have an accordingly low cost. Even experimental barrels made by the method of non-durable 3D prototyping (FDM 3D-printer, ABS material) can withstand the pressure of firing electric bullets into the target with the necessary energies for reliable fixation of bullets on the body of targets at standard distances of effective shooting from short-barreled weapons of 5-10 m. In other designs, the interchangeable barrel may also have an initiating device in the form of a Zhevello or WinchesterPrimer 209 type percussion cap. In order to relieve excessive pressure of pyrotechnic combustion gases for electric bullet firing, standard (commercially or mass-produced) electric or percussion caps with energy excessive for electric bullet firing may have one or two symmetrical gas discharge openings of sufficient diameter between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber to discharge excessive combustion gases of the pyrotechnic composition of the percussion cap coming out on the side surfaces of the barrel. The advantages of interchangeable barrels are described below at the end of the weapon description.

[0073] FIG. 13. Weapons with interchangeable barrels with a low-voltage electric percussion cap. The weapon has a body 44 consisting of two halves, hinged holder 45, interchangeable barrels 31, trigger 46, locking button 47, laser designator 48, switches 49 of the safeguard and laser designator, rear sight 50.

[0074] The weapon operates as follows. After pressing the spring-loaded locking button 47, the user rotates the hinged holder 45 by 90 horizontally on the axis 51 and loads the interchangeable barrels 31 into the holder, orienting them with the front sight up so that the notches 34 of the interchangeable barrels fall into the protrusions 52, after which the interchangeable barrel is pushed down the holder until full stop, and the rest of the interchangeable barrels are loaded in the same way. After that, the user turns the hinged holder 45 with the barrels 31 mounted thereon to the reverse position, and the tooth 53 of the holder 45 slips behind the tooth 54 of the locking device 47. The weapon is thus loaded. To fire the weapon the user turns on the power supply of the electronic circuit 55 by one of the switches 49 selected for the weapon safeguard; the circuit, with each pull of the trigger 46, supplies electric current through spring contacts 56 to low-voltage initiators 32 in sequence, producing shots. The sequence of shots starting from the upper barrel or from the lower barrel is set by the electronic circuit, but for convenience of quick reloading it is advisable to start from the upper barrel. The second switch 49, in case the weapon is equipped with a laser designator, activates the laser designator. When interchangeable barrels are loaded, the front sight 33 falls into the recess 37 of the next barrel and thus, regardless of which barrel is fired, the weapon can be reloaded, and at the same time, on the upper barrel, the front sight 33 will always coincide with the rear sight 50, providing a constant aiming device. This version of the weapon has a low cost of production, as it consists of only 4 simple injection molded parts that are made on thermoplastic injection molding machines from thermoplastics, as well as a simple electronic part of the initiation. The angle of rotation of the holder 45 can be more or less than 90 and is determined only by the specific design of the holder and its fixation device while fulfilling the condition of the possibility of free loading and discharging of the weapon with interchangeable barrels. In other designs of the weapon than the one shown in the figure, the holder can be tilted when loading and discharging not horizontally but vertically up or down similarly to the classic smoothbore rifles and rare designs with barrels tilting up.

[0075] FIG. 14. Weapons with interchangeable barrels with high-voltage electric percussion cap. The weapon has a body 57 consisting of two halves, interchangeable barrels 40, trigger 58, slide lock 59, detachable laser designator 60, detachable laser designator switch 49, and rear sight 61. The weapon operates as follows. After sliding back the locking slide 59, the user loads the interchangeable barrels 40 into the barrel seat, orienting them with the front sight of the weapon so that the recesses of the interchangeable barrels (similar to the recesses 34 of the barrels with low-voltage electric percussion cap) fall into the protrusions 62 (similar to loading the holder 45 as described in FIG. 13), after which the interchangeable barrel is pushed down until full stop, and then the rest of the interchangeable barrels are loaded in a similar manner. The user then slides the slide lock 59 back into position, thereby fixing the interchangeable barrels in place when carrying and firing. The weapon is thus loaded. To shoot the weapon the user pulls the trigger 58 which interacts with the piezoelectric element 63 (piezoelectric generator). With each pull of the trigger 58, the piezoelectric element 63 supplies electrical high-voltage pulses to the center electrode of the high-voltage initiator 41 of the barrels through a current conductor 64 connected by a conductor 65 to one pole of the piezoelectric element and to a current conductor 66 connected to the other pole of the piezoelectric element through a conductor 67, with the electrical initiation pulse passing to the other electrode of the initiators 41 through electrodes 42 adjacent to the current conductor 66 when the barrels are being loaded. The barrels are initiated sequentially but in a random order and fire. The sequence of shots in such a weapon design is not known in advance. The mechanism of such a method of initiation is described in source [11]. The switch 49, if necessary, activates the detachable battery-powered laser designator 68, which can be disconnected to reduce the width of the gun. When interchangeable barrels are loaded, the front sight 33 falls into the recess 37 of the next barrel and thus, regardless of which barrel is fired, the weapon can be reloaded; at the same time the front sight 33 of the upper barrel will always coincide with the rear sight 50, providing a constant aiming device. This version of the weapon has extremely low production cost, as it consists of only 4 simple injection molded parts made on thermoplastic injection molding machines from thermoplastics, two stamped electrodes, and a piezoelectric element used for all types of gas lighters. The cost of high voltage initiation electric percussion caps is almost an order of magnitude less than the cost of low voltage initiation electric percussion caps. For safer use, an additional spring 69 may be installed in the weapon to increase the trigger 58 pull force, since weapon s without a separate safety usually have a high trigger pull force. The safety in the weapon can also be of conventional mechanical action, blocking the trigger travel.

[0076] The advantage of the described weapon with both low-voltage electric percussion cap and high-voltage electric percussion cap with individual interchangeable barrels compared to the barrels combined into a single unit is that currently there are no special cartridges for short-barreled weapons with electric bullets, and no consumables are produced for users to equip the cartridges with electric bullets themselves. Thus, the design of the combined barrels must be used in production conditions only. Therefore, if the user uses, for example, one or two barrels of the block for self-defense but does not use the remaining barrels of the block, to use the weapon again he has to take out a half-shot block which the user can no longer reload (and which will be disposed of) and to use a new block of barrels with all the charges for self-defense, as the half-shot block does not possess the maximum multi-load capacity and, accordingly, the ability of the weapon to be used for self-defense. Individually muzzle-loading barrels make it possible to replace the fired barrels with new ones and to have the full multi-loading capability of the weapon again. Interchangeable barrels do not need fixing devices to hold them in the weapon that would increase the overall thickness of the weapon in addition to the thickness of the barrel itself as it is the case with the weapon analogs and prototypes. The thickness of the prototype weapon presented on the figures does not exceed 20 mm even with electric bullets of caliber up to 15 mm and with weapon and barrel designs constructed entirely of polymers without metal reinforcement.

[0077] When using barrels with percussion caps, the weapon may have a mechanical trigger mechanism, but in this case the cost of the weapon inevitably increases due to the need for additional operations to manufacture the metal parts of the mechanical trigger mechanism and, accordingly, for more complex processing equipment.

LIST OF CITED SOURCES

[0078] 1. Patent U.S. Pat. No. 7,984,676 B1 2011 Jul. 26 [0079] 2. https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2010/02/10/taser-xrep-up-close-and-personal [0080] 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commotio_cordis [0081] 4. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/expert-taser-no-part-in-raoul-moat-death-2358513.html [0082] 5. Patent U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,815 A 1997 Dec. 16 [0083] 6. GOST R 50940-96 Electroshock devices. [0084] 7. Yu. O. Ladyagin Remote electroshock weapon Moscow: Stalingrad Foundation Publishing House, 2017, pp. 69-73. [0085] 8. Russian Federation U.S. Pat. No. 2,758,476 C1 2021 Oct. 28 [0086] 9. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0% B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8 (, High-Tech). [0087] 10. Yu. O. Ladyagin Remote electroshock weapon Moscow: Stalingrad Foundation Publishing House, 2017, pp. 255-257. [0088] 11. https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/sudebno-meditsinskaya-ekspertiza/2020/5/1003945212020051030 (Forensic medical characteristics of traumatic action cartridges of 1845 and 18.555 mm caliber of OSA complex; Journal: Forensic Medical Examination. 2020;63(5): 30-33). [0089] 12. Russian Federation Patent No. 2672644 C2, 2018 Nov. 16.