Instrument for the coagulation and dissection of biological tissue and method for operating such an instrument

Abstract

An instrument for coagulation and dissection of biological tissue including a tool with coagulation electrodes and at least one cutting electrode. The electrodes are actuated via an operating circuit including an evaluation circuit, to which an external apparatus delivers an evaluation signal with first and second half-waves having opposite polarities. During at least one first half-wave, the evaluation circuit checks whether a first switch or a second switch are actuated on the instrument. Depending on the evaluation result, a triggering signal is transmitted to a switching unit. Depending on the triggering signal, the switching unit is switched into a first or second switching state. In the second switching state, no voltage suitable for dissection and no current suitable for dissection, respectively, is applied to the cutting electrode. In the first switching state, a voltage suitable for dissection or a current suitable for dissection is applied to the cutting electrode.

Claims

1. An instrument (26) for the coagulation and dissection of biological tissue, comprising: a tool (29) including at least one cutting electrode (38) and at least one first coagulation electrode (36) and at least one second coagulation electrode (37),and an operating circuit (45) comprising: a cutting output (54) connected to the at least one cutting electrode (38), a first coagulation output (50) connected to the at least one first coagulation electrode (36), and a second coagulation output (51) connected to the at least one second coagulation electrode (37), a supply input (46), which provides a supply voltage (UV) or a supply current (IV) , an evaluation connection (24), which provides an evaluation signal (S) having first half-waves (S1) of one polarity and second half-waves (S2) of another polarity, an evaluation circuit (70) connected to the evaluation connection (24), which evaluation circuit comprises a manually actuatable first switch (32) and a triggering element (52) for the generation of a triggering signal (A), wherein the evaluation circuit (70) is configured to evaluate during at least one of the first half-waves (S1) whether the first switch (32) was actuated, and to generate the triggering signal (A) depending on the evaluation during at least one of the second half-waves (S2), and a switching unit (53) comprising at least one switch, the switching unit (53) configured to be actuated by the triggering signal (A), and which is configured to be switched between a first switching state and a second switching state and which is connected to the supply input (46) and the cutting output (54).

2. The instrument according to claim 1, wherein the operating circuit (45) further comprises a coupling arrangement (71), which comprises at least one emitter component (72) and at least one receiver component (73) that is galvanically separated from the emitter component (72).

3. The instrument according to claim 2, wherein the emitter component (72) is the triggering element (52), and the receiver component (73) is connected with a control input (56) of a triggerable semiconductor switch (55) of the switching unit (53) via a charging and discharging circuit (58).

4. The instrument according to claim 1, wherein the switching unit (53) comprises a plurality of serially connected semiconductor switches (55), wherein control inputs (56) of the plurality of serially connected semiconductor switches are directly connected to one another.

5. The instrument according to claim 1, wherein the first switch (32) and the triggering element (52) are serially connected in a first evaluation branch (75), wherein the first evaluation branch (75) is connected to the evaluation connection (24).

6. The instrument according to claim 5, wherein, in the first evaluation branch (75), there is provided a one-way current path (81) in which the triggering element (52) is arranged, and at least one component with a diode function is provided in the one-way current path (81) that allows a current flow through the one-way current path (81) only when one of the second half-waves (S2) is present at the evaluation connection (24).

7. The instrument according to claim 6, wherein the triggering element (52) is a light-emitting diode and/or a separate diode (83) is connected in series with the triggering element (52) in the one-way current path (81).

8. The instrument according to claim 6, wherein the first evaluation branch (75) comprises a parallel current path (82) parallel to the one-way current path (81), wherein the first switch (32) is connected in series with the one-way current path (81) and with the parallel current path (82).

9. The instrument according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation circuit (70) comprises a manually actuatable second switch (33).

10. The instrument according to claim 9, wherein the second switch (33) is arranged in an evaluation branch (76), wherein the evaluation branch (76) is connected to the evaluation connection (24).

11. The instrument according to claim 9, wherein, between the second switch (33) and the triggering element (52), there is a connecting current path (84), which, when the second switch (33) is conductive, effects a low-resistance bridging of the triggering element (52).

12. The instrument according to claim 1, wherein the first coagulation output (50) is connected without a switch to the supply input (46).

13. The instrument according to claim 1, wherein the operating circuit (45) further comprises a transformer circuit (60) having primary and secondary sides which is connected to the supply input (46) on its primary side and to the cutting output (54) on its secondary side.

14. A method for operating an instrument (26) for the coagulation and dissection of biological tissue with a tool (29) including at least one cutting electrode (38), at least one first coagulation electrode (36), at least one second coagulation electrode (37), a cutting output (54) connected to the at least one cutting electrode (38), a first coagulation output (51) connected to the at least one first coagulation electrode (36), a second coagulation output (51) connected to the at least one second coagulation electrode (37), a switching unit (53) that is triggered by a triggering signal (A), which switching unit is configured to be switched between a first switching state and a second switching state and is connected to a supply connection (46) and to the cutting output (54), and including a first switch (32) and an evaluation connection (24), the method comprising the following steps: applying an evaluation signal (S) with first half-waves (S1) having one polarity and second half-waves (S2) having another polarity to the evaluation connection (24), evaluating whether the first switch (32) is in a conductive or blocking state during at least one of the first half-waves (S1), generating the triggering signal (A) for the switching unit (53) during at least one of the second half-waves (S2), depending on whether the first switch is in the conductive or blocking state during at least one of the first half-waves (S1).

15. An instrument (26) for the coagulation and dissection of biological tissue, comprising: a tool (29) including at least one cutting electrode (38) and at least one first coagulation electrode (36) and at least one second coagulation electrode (37),and an operating circuit (45) comprising: a cutting output (54) connected to the at least one cutting electrode (38), a first coagulation output (50) connected to the at least one first coagulation electrode (36), and a second coagulation output (51) connected to the at least one second coagulation electrode (37), a supply input (46), which provides a supply voltage (UV) or a supply current (IV) , an evaluation connection (24), which provides an evaluation signal (S) having first half-waves (S1) of one polarity and second half-waves (S2) of another polarity , an evaluation circuit (70) connected to the evaluation connection (24), which evaluation circuit comprises a manually actuatable first switch (32) and a triggering element (52) for the generation of a triggering signal (A), wherein the evaluation circuit (70) is configured to evaluate during at least one of the first half-waves (S1) whether the first switch (32) was actuated, and to generate the triggering signal (A) depending on the evaluation during at least one of the second half-waves (S2), and a switching unit (53) comprising at least one switch, the switching unit (53) configured to be actuated by the triggering signal (A), and which is configured to be switched between a first switching state and a second switching state and which is connected to the supply input (46) and the cutting output (54), wherein the first switch (32) and the triggering element (52) are serially connected in a first evaluation branch (75), wherein the first evaluation branch (75) is connected to the evaluation connection (24).

16. An instrument (26) for the coagulation and dissection of biological tissue, comprising: a tool (29) including at least one cutting electrode (38) and at least one first coagulation electrode (36) and at least one second coagulation electrode (37),and an operating circuit (45) comprising: a cutting output (54) connected to the at least one cutting electrode (38), a first coagulation output (50) connected to the at least one first coagulation electrode (36), and a second coagulation output (51) connected to the at least one second coagulation electrode (37), a supply input (46), which provides a supply voltage (UV) or a supply current (IV) , an evaluation connection (24), which provides an evaluation signal (S) having first half-waves (S1) of one polarity and second half-waves (S2) of another polarity , an evaluation circuit (70) connected to the evaluation connection (24), which evaluation circuit comprises a manually actuatable first switch (32) and a triggering element (52) for the generation of a triggering signal (A), wherein the evaluation circuit (70) is configured to evaluate during at least one of the first half-waves (S1) whether the first switch (32) was actuated, and to generate the triggering signal (A) depending on the evaluation during at least one of the second half-waves (S2), and a switching unit (53) comprising at least one switch, the switching unit (53) configured to be actuated by the triggering signal (A), and which is configured to be switched between a first switching state and a second switching state and which is connected to the supply input (46) and the cutting output (54), wherein the evaluation circuit (70) comprises a manually actuatable second switch (33) and wherein the manually actuatable second switch (33) is arranged in an evaluation branch (76), wherein the evaluation branch (76) is connected to the evaluation connection (24).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be inferred from the dependent patent claims, the description and the drawings. Hereinafter, preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention will be explained in detail with reference to the appended drawings. They show in

(2) FIG. 1 a schematic representation of a device 20 for coagulation and dissection with an apparatus and an instrument that is electrically connected to the apparatus,

(3) FIG. 2 a perspective partial representation of a tool of the instrument as in FIG. 1,

(4) FIG. 3 a circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an operating circuit of the instrument,

(5) FIG. 4 a schematic representation of a chronological behavior of an exemplary triggering signal,

(6) FIGS. 5-12 a circuit diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an evaluation circuit of the operating circuit as in FIG. 3, in different states, respectively,

(7) FIG. 13 a circuit diagram of an optional voltage increasing circuit for the operating circuit as in FIG. 3,

(8) FIG. 14 a modified exemplary embodiment for the implementation of a diode function by means of a transistor, and

(9) FIG. 15 a circuit diagram for a modified exemplary embodiment for a switching unit for the operating circuit as in FIG. 3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(10) FIG. 1 illustrates a device 20 for coagulation and dissection. The device 20 comprises an apparatus 21 that provides, on a first apparatus output 22, a supply voltage UV or a supply current IV. A second apparatus output 23 is connected to ground M. An evaluation signal S is provided at a third apparatus output 24. In the exemplary embodiment, the evaluation signal S is a periodic signal, for example a voltage or a current, with first half-waves S1 having one polarity and second half-waves S2 having respectively the other polarity. In the exemplary embodiment, the first half-waves S1 are negative and the second half-waves S2 are positive, as is schematically depicted in FIG. 4. In FIG. 4, the evaluation signal S is shown as a rectangular signal. As an alternative, the evaluation signal S could also display any other waveforms, for example a sinusoidal or triangular waveform, with positive and negative half-waves.

(11) Preferably, the evaluation signal S is periodic. In modification of the illustrated exemplary embodiment, it is however also possible for the evaluation signal S to be aperiodic. Furthermore, it is possible for the period of a first half-wave and the period of a second half-wave to have different lengths. In FIG. 4, the first half-waves S1, as well as the second half-waves S2, have the same chronological length, so that each half-wave S1, S2 corresponds to the duration of half a period.

(12) An instrument 26 for coagulation and dissection is connected to the apparatus 21 via a multicore cable 25. The instrument 26 comprises a housing 27 with a handle 28, as well as a tool 29. In the exemplary embodiment, the tool 29 is connected to the housing 27 via connecting part 30. The connecting part 30 may have the shape of a rod. A control element 31 for the tool 29 is provided on the handle 28. The control element 31 is adapted for the mechanical and electrical actuation of the tool 29. A manually actuatable first switch 32, as well as a manually actuatable second switch 33 are provided on the control part 28. In the exemplary embodiment, the two switches 32, 33 are configured as push buttons and are in an electrically blocking state in their not actuated idle mode.

(13) FIG. 2 shows the tool 29 of the instrument 26 of FIG. 1, in a perspective partial representation. The tool 29 has two branches 34, 35 which can be moved relative to each other, said branches being linked to each other in a joint 36. The branches can be moved relative to each over via the control element 31. At least one coagulation electrode 36 is arranged on the one branch, while at least a second coagulation electrode 37 is provided on respectively the other branches. One coagulation electrode 36 and one associate second coagulation electrode 37 form a coagulation electrode pair. Several coagulation electrode pairs may be present on the branches 34, 35.

(14) Furthermore, one of the branches additionally possesses a cutting electrode 38. In the exemplary embodiment, the cutting electrode 38 is arranged as an insert in a groove-shaped recess on the branch 35 and flanked by two first coagulation electrodes 36. The cutting electrode 38 is arranged on the tool so as to be electrically insulated from the first coagulation electrodes 36. The several first coagulation electrodes 36 may be electrically connected to one another.

(15) The branch 34 is associated with a counter-bearing 39 for the cutting electrode 38. When the tool 29 is closed via the control element 31, one first coagulation electrode 36 and one second coagulation electrode 37, respectively, are positioned opposite each other. The cutting electrode 38 abuts adjacent to, or against, the counter-bearing 39. The electrical functions of the electrodes 36, 37, 38 can be performed via the switches 32, 33.

(16) FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of an operating circuit 45 of the instrument 26. The operating circuit 45 comprises a supply connection 46, by means of which the operating circuit 45 can be connected to the first apparatus output 22, as well as a ground connection 47, by means of which the operating circuit 45 can be connected to the third apparatus output 24. An evaluation connection 48 of the operating circuit 45 can be connected to the third apparatus output 24. Therefore, the evaluation signal S of the apparatus 21 is applied to the evaluation connection 48. The operating circuit 45 is connected to ground M via the ground connection 47. The supply connection 46 is connected to an HF current source or an HF voltage source of the apparatus 21 in order to make available a supply current IV or a supply voltage UF for the operating circuit 45.

(17) The supply connection 46 is connected to a coagulation output 50 via a first capacitor 49. The first coagulation output 50 is connected to the at least one first coagulation electrode 46. A second coagulation output 51 is connected to the at least one second coagulation electrode 47. In the exemplary embodiment, the second coagulation output 51 is configured as the ground output. To do so, the second coagulation output 51 is connected to the ground connection 47 and thus to ground M.

(18) Furthermore, the operating circuit 45 comprises a switching unit 53 that can be switched by means of a triggering signal A of a triggering element 52. The switching unit 53 is switched in the electrical connection between the supply connection 46 and a cutting output 54. The switching unit 53 is adapted to provide—on the cutting output 54 in a first switching state—a voltage and/or a current, which is adapted for a dissection with the use of the cutting electrode 38 and to essentially not provide electrical energy in a second switching state on the cutting output 54. In the second switching state, according to the example, the connection between the supply connection 46 and the cutting output 54 is interrupted.

(19) The switching unit 53 is embodied without mechanical switches and comprises at least one semiconductor switch 55 and, in the exemplary embodiment, two serially connected semiconductor switches 55. In accordance with the example, each semiconductor switch 55 is a field effect transistor that, here, is depicted as a normally blocking N-channel MOSFET. Each semiconductor switch 55 has a control connection 56 which, in the exemplary embodiment, is represented by the gate of the MOSFETs.

(20) Preferably, the two control connections 56 are connected to each other. Furthermore, the two source connections of the MOSFETs may be connected to each other (FIG. 13).

(21) Each of the drain connections of the two MOSFETs forms a switching connection 57 of the switching unit 53. The switching path for the switching unit 53 is formed between the two switching connections 57. One switching connection 57 of the switching unit 53 is connected to the supply connection. The respectively other switching connection 57 is connected to the switching output 54.

(22) In accordance with the example, the switching unit 53 comprises a charging and discharging circuit 58 for the at least one semiconductor switch 55. The charging and discharging circuit 58 is adapted to hold electrical charges on the control connections 56 sufficiently long so as to be able to maintain the first switching state of the switching unit 54 from its first half-wave S1 at least up to the next first half-wave S1, as long as the first switch 32 is actuated. On the other hand, the charging and discharging circuit 58 is adapted to discharge charges on the control connections 56 so that the semiconductor switches 55 are able to also return into their non-conductive state, once the first switch 32 is no longer actuated.

(23) In the exemplary embodiment, the operating circuit 45 comprises a transformer circuit with a transformer 60. The transformer 60 has a primary coil 61 and a secondary coil 62. In the exemplary embodiment, the transformer 60 is configured as an autotransformer. In doing so, the primary coil 61 and the secondary coil 62 are connected in series, and a center tap 63 is connected to the associate switching connection 57 of the switching arrangement 53. Starting from the center tap 63, a series circuit consisting of the primary coil 61 and a second capacitor 64 is connected to ground M. Starting from the center tap 63, a series circuit consisting of the secondary coil 62 and a third capacitor 65 is connected to the cutting output 54. A first resistor 66 is connected parallel to the third capacitor 65. The parallel circuit consisting of the third capacitor 65 and the first resistor 66 forms a circuit for early spark detection. If sparks occur, the supply current IV or the supply voltage UV has an equal offset which can be evaluated and detected in the apparatus 21. If such a spark detection is not desired, the circuit for early spark detection may also be omitted.

(24) In addition, the operating circuit 45 comprises an evaluation circuit 70 which is associated with the triggering element 52. The evaluation circuit 70 is coupled with the switching unit 53 via a coupling arrangement 71 in order to transmit the triggering signal A from the evaluation circuit 70 to the switching unit 53. For this purpose, the coupling arrangement 71 has at least one emitter component 72 in the evaluation circuit 70 and at least one receiver component 73 that is connected to the at least one control connection 56 of the switching unit 53. In the exemplary embodiment, the at least one emitter component 72 is a light-emitting diode, and the at least one receiver component 73 is a photodiode or, alternatively a phototransistor. Thus, the coupling arrangement 71 may be an optocoupler 74. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the emitter component 72 is a triggering element 52.

(25) In the exemplary embodiment depicted by FIG. 3, the evaluation circuit 70 comprises a first evaluation branch 75 with the first switch 32, a second evaluation branch 76 with the second switch 33, as well as a third evaluation branch 77. The three evaluation branches 75, 76, 77 are connected in parallel to each other between the ground connection 47 and the evaluation connection 48.

(26) In the exemplary embodiment, the third evaluation branch 77 is represented by a series circuit comprising a first diode 78 and a second resistor 79. The cathode of the first diode 78 is connected to the evaluation connection 58 and the anode of the second resistor 79. The other connection of the second resistor 79 is connected to ground M.

(27) The second evaluation branch 76 comprises—in addition to the second switch 33—a third resistor 80 that is connected in series with the second switch 33.

(28) The first evaluation path 75 has a one-way current path 81 connected in series to the first switch 72, as well as a parallel current path 82 connected parallel to the one-way current path. In the one-way current path 81, the triggering element 52 is connected in series to the first switch 32. The one-way current path 81 comprises at least one component having a diode function, so that a current can flow in the one-way current path 81 only in one direction and, as in the example, from the evaluation connection 48 to the ground connection 47, as long as the first switch 32 is closed. In the exemplary embodiment depicted here, an additional component having a diode function, according to the example a second diode 83, is connected in series to the triggering element 52. The anode of the second diode 83 is connected to the evaluation connection 48, and the cathode of the second diode 83 is connected to the triggering element 52 and, as in the example, to the anode of the light-emitting diode forming the triggering element 52.

(29) Furthermore, the connecting point between the second diode 83 and the triggering element 52 in the illustrated exemplary embodiment is connected—via a connecting current path 84—to the second switch 33, so that the connecting current path 84 and the second switch 33 are connected parallel to the triggering element 52 and the first switch 32.

(30) In the parallel current path 82, parallel to the second diode 83 and the triggering element 72, there is connected a fourth resistor 85.

(31) The operation of the operating circuit 45 is described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 5 to 12. In order to make a distinction, a current flowing through the first evaluation branch 75 is referred to as the first current I1, a current flowing through the second evaluation branch 76 is referred to as the second current I2, and a current flowing through the third evaluation branch 77 is referred to as the third current I3. The resistance values of the resistors 79, 85 and 80 in the evaluation circuits 75, 76, 77 are selected such that the apparatus 21 detects, based on the intensity of the currents I1, I2, I3 whether or not a switch 32, 33 is in its conductive state. In particular the resistance values of the third resistor 80 and the fourth resistor 85 are different. As a result of this, it is possible to detect in the apparatus 21 which of the switches 32, 33 is conductive during a first half-wave S1 and which of the switches 32, 33 is blocking, respectively.

(32) It is assumed that both switches 32, 33 of the evaluation circuit 70 (e.g., in their respective initial state) are not conductive, as is illustrated by FIGS. 5 and 6. During the first half-waves S1 of the evaluation signal S, a third current I3 flows only through the third evaluation path 77 and consequently through the second resistor 79 and the first diode 78 (FIG. 5). The apparatus 21 is able to detect—by evaluating the third current I3—that the other two evaluation paths 75, 76 are interrupted and that, consequently, neither a coagulation nor a cutting operation are to be performed. During the second half-waves S2, no current flows though the evaluation circuit 70 (FIG. 6).

(33) Now it is assumed that a user of the instrument actuates the first switch 32 so that said switch is switched into its conductive state, as illustrated by FIGS. 7 and 8. During the first half-wave S1, a first current I1 flows through the first evaluation branch 75, and a third current I3 flows through the evaluation branch 77 (FIG. 7). In doing so, the first current I1 flows through the first switch 33 and in the parallel current path 82, i.e., through the fourth resistor 85. During one or more first half-waves S1, the apparatus 21 can therefore detect that the first switch 32 was actuated and is in its conductive state, while the second switch 33 is not conductive.

(34) After it was detected that the first switch 32 was actuated, the supply voltage UV and the supply current IV, respectively, are made available at the first apparatus output 22 and thus at the supply connection 46.

(35) During a subsequent second half-wave S2 (positive half-wave), no current will flow during the third evaluation branch 77 due to the first diode 78. The first current I1 through the first evaluation branch 75 has a partial current I11 through the one-way current path 81 and a partial current I12 through the parallel current path 82. The partial current I11 in the one-way current path 81 is clearly greater due to the lower resistance value—compared to the fourth resistor 85—than the partial current I12 through the parallel current path 82. The partial current I11 flows through the triggering element 52 that, at the same time, represents the emitter component 72. The triggering signal A is transmitted to at least one receiver component 73 and switches the switching unit 53 into the first switching state. in which the at least one semiconductor switch 55 is conductive and establishes an electrical connection between the switching connections 57. According to the example, the triggering signal A is formed by the light transmitted from the light-emitting diode (emitter component 72) of the optocoupler 74, said light ensuring that, in accordance with the example, two photodiodes of the optocoupler 74 generate a voltage that acts as the source for the generation of a drain-source voltage or the base-emitter voltage through the charging and discharging circuit 58 and thus switches the at least one semiconductor switch 55 into the conductive state.

(36) The at least one receiver component 73 is connected to the control connection 56 of each semiconductor switch 55 via the charging and discharging circuit 58 in order to, on the one hand, be able to hold the charges long enough in the control connections 56 (at least during the period of a first half-wave S1) and, on the other hand, be able to again discharge charges existing there when the switching unit 53 is to be switched to the second switching state.

(37) In the exemplary embodiment, the charge is maintained in the gate connections of the MOSFETs via the charging and discharging circuit 58, so that the switching unit 53 also remains in its second switching state (conductive state) when a first half-wave S1 is pending. At least for the duration of a first half-wave S1, the charge is maintained in the gates of the MOSFETs by the charging and discharging circuit 58, when the photodiodes of the optocoupler 74 are again triggered by the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler 74, while the first switch 32 is conductive and during a second half-wave S2.

(38) FIGS. 9 and 10 show another state, in which the first switch 32 is not conductive but the second switch 33 was actuated and is thus in its conductive state. During the first half-wave S1 of the evaluation signal S, a second current I2 flows through the second evaluation branch 76, and a third current I3 flows through the second evaluation branch 76, and a third current I3 flows through the third evaluation branch 77 (FIG. 9). The apparatus 21 detects that, in doing so, the currents flow through the second resistor 79 and the third resistor 80 and can thus determine that the second switch 33 is conductive, that, however, the first switch 32 is not conductive and thus cannot be actuated. Subsequently, the apparatus 21 provides the supply voltage UV or the supply current IV to the first apparatus output 22 and thus to the supply connection 46, which voltage is thus available at the first coagulation output 50.

(39) The switching unit 53 remains in its second switching state in that no voltage and no current, respectively, will be made available at the cutting output. This is achieved in that, during the second half-waves S2, a second current I2 flows through the second switch 33, wherein a partial current I21 of the second current I2 flows through the second diode 83 and in the connecting current path 84. In any event, the triggering element 52 or the emitter component 72 are currentless, so that the semiconductor switches 55 remain in their non-conductive state (FIG. 10).

(40) It is now assumed that a user actuates the first switch 32, as well as the second switch 33, and that thus both switches 32, 33 assume their conductive state (FIGS. 11 and 12). During the first half-waves S1 (FIG. 11) a first current I1 flows through the first evaluation branch 75, wherein the first current I1 flows through the first switch 32 and the parallel current branch 82. A second current I2 flows through the second evaluation branch 76, and a third current I3 flows through the third evaluation branch 77. In doing so, it is found that at least one of the switches 32, 33 is actuated, and the apparatus 21 provides a supply voltage UV or a supply current IV to the first apparatus output 22.

(41) During a second half-wave S2 (FIG. 12), a second current I2 flows through the first switch 33 of the second evaluation branch 76, which is composed of a partial current I21 through the resistor 80 and of a partial current I22 through the second diode 83 and the connecting current path 84. A first current I1 flows in the parallel current path 82 and the first switch 32. The triggering element 52 or the emitter element 72 is bridged or short-circuited in a low-resistance manner by the second switch 33. Consequently, it is prevented—without any mechanical means due to the construction of the evaluation circuit 70—that a cutting voltage would be applied to the cutting electrode 30 when the second switch 33 is actuated. Therefore, any inadvertent cutting is not possible when the second switch 33 is actuated in order to prompt a coagulation.

(42) FIG. 13 shows an exemplary embodiment of a charging and discharging circuit 58. It is understood that it is possible to also use other charging and discharging circuits.

(43) The at least one receiver component 73 has a connection 73a displaying higher electrical potential (here: anode side of the at least one photodiode) and a second connection 73b displaying lower electrical potential (here: cathode side of the at least one photodiode). During a triggering by the emitter component 72, a higher potential will be applied to the first connection 73a than to the second connection 73b.

(44) A fifth resistor 90 is connected in parallel to the at least one receiver component 73. An anode of a third diode 91 is connected to the first connection 72, while its cathode is connected to a fourth capacitor 92. The other side of the fourth capacitor 92 is connected to the second connection 73b. The fifth resistor 90 is connected in parallel to the series circuit comprising the third diode 91 and the fourth capacitor 92.

(45) A series circuit comprising a fourth diode 93 and a fifth capacitor 94 is connected parallel to the third diode 91, wherein the anode of the fourth diode 91 is connected to the cathode of the third diode 91. The cathode of the fourth diode 93 is connected to an anode of a fifth diode 95. The cathode of the fifth diode 95 is connected to a sixth capacitor 96. The other connection of the sixth capacitor 96 is connected to the second connection 73b. Furthermore, the sixth capacitor 96 is connected between the control connections 56 (drain connections) and the connecting point between the two series-connected semiconductor switches 55 (source connections). A sixth resistor 97 is connected parallel to the sixth capacitor 96.

(46) The several cascades, each consisting of a diode 91, 93, 95 and a series-connected capacitor 92, 94, 96, are adapted for voltage multiplication of the voltage applied to the at least one receiver component 73 when the emitter component 72 is triggered. Due to the existing capacitors, the triggering of the semiconductor switches 55 and, in accordance with the example, the charge in the gates of the field effect transistors can be maintained, even if—during a first half-wave S1—there is no voltage applied to a first receiver component 73 for a short time. Consequently, the capacitors also act as buffer capacitors. To allow discharging, the resistors 90, 97 of the charging and discharging circuit 58 are provided. After the first switch 32 is deactuated, the charges in the triggering connections 56 can balance via the resistors 90, 97, and the semiconductor switches 55 can return into their blocking state. The period from switching the first switch 32 into the non-conductive state to the blocking of the semiconductor switch 55 depends on the dimensioning of the components present in the charging and discharging circuit 58.

(47) In modification of the charging and discharging circuit 58 described hereinabove, it is also possible to use more or fewer cascades of diodes and capacitors. This depends on the type of voltage needed for the issue through the semiconductor switch 55.

(48) FIG. 14 shows a modified embodiment of the third evaluation branch 77, wherein, instead of the first diode 78, a transistor, in particular a bipolar transistor, is used, the collector connection of said transistor being connected to the second resistor 79 and its emitter connection being connected to the evaluation connection 48. The base connection of the transistor is connected to ground via a seventh resistor 101.

(49) FIG. 15 shows a modified exemplary embodiment of the switching unit 53. The semiconductor switches 55 comprise bipolar transistors 10 and are each triggered by a semiconductor switch 102. The semiconductor control switches 102 are composed of field effect transistors—according to the example, by normally blocking N-channel MOSFETs. The control connections 56 of the semiconductor control switches 102 are connected to the charging and discharging circuit 58. Furthermore, the two collectors of the bipolar transistors 103 are connected to the charging and discharging circuit 58. Each emitter of a bipolar transistor 103 represents a switching connection 57. Furthermore, the collectors of the bipolar transistors 103 are connected to the source connections of the field effect transistors which form the semiconductor control switches 102. The base of each bipolar transistor 103 is connected to the drain connection of a respectively associate field effect transistor. As soon as the gate-source voltage is sufficiently high, the semiconductor control switches 102 become conductive, so that a base current flows out of the PNP bipolar transistors 103 and they move into their conductive state.

(50) The invention relates to an instrument for the selective coagulation and dissection of biological tissue. The instrument comprises a tool 29 with coagulation electrodes 36 and at least one cutting electrode 38. The electrodes 36, 38 are actuated via an operating circuit 45. The operating circuit 45 comprises an evaluation circuit 70, to which an external apparatus 21 delivers an evaluation signal S with first half-waves S1 and second half-waves S2. The first half-waves S1 and the second half-waves S2 display opposite polarities. During at least one first half-wave S1, the evaluation circuit 70 checks whether a first switch 32 or a second switch 33 or both switches 32, 33 are actuated on the instrument 26. Depending on the evaluation result, a triggering signal A is generated and transmitted to a switching unit 53, in particular with the use of a coupling arrangement 71, with galvanic separation. Depending on the triggering signal A, the switching unit 53 is switched into a first switching state or a second switching state. In the second switching state, no voltage suitable for dissection and no current suitable for dissection, respectively, is applied to the cutting electrode 38. In the first switching state, a voltage suitable for dissection or a current suitable for dissection is applied to the cutting electrode 38. The first switching state is preferably brought about via the triggering signal A when the evaluation circuit 70 detects that only the first switch 32 is actuated.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

(51) 20 Device for coagulation and dissection 21 Apparatus 22 First apparatus output 23 Second apparatus output 24 Third apparatus output 25 Cable 26 Instrument 27 Housing 28 Handle 29 Tool 30 Connecting part 31 Control element 32 First switch 33 Second switch 34 Branch 35 Branch 36 First coagulation electrode 37 Second coagulation electrode 38 Cutting electrode 45 Operating circuit 46 Supply connection 47 Ground connection 48 Evaluation connection 49 First capacitor 50 First coagulation output 51 Second coagulation output 52 Triggering element 53 Switching unit 54 Cutting output 55 Semiconductor switch 56 Control connection 57 Switching connections 58 Charging and discharging circuit 60 Transformer 61 Primary coil 62 Secondary coil 63 Center tap 64 Second capacitor 65 Third capacitor 66 First resistor 70 Evaluation circuit 71 Coupling arrangement 72 Emitter component 73 Receiver component 73a First connection 73b Second connection 74 Optocoupler 75 First evaluation branch 76 Second evaluation branch 77 Third evaluation branch 78 First diode 79 Second resistor 80 Third resistor 81 One-way current path 82 Parallel current path 83 Second diode 84 Connecting current path 85 Fourth resistor 90 Fifth resistor 91 Third diode 92 Fourth capacitor 93 Fourth diode 94 Fifth capacitor 95 Fifth diode 96 Sixth capacitor 97 Sixth resistor 100 Transistor 101 Seventh resistor 102 Semiconductor control switch 103 Bipolar transistor A Triggering signal I Current I1 First current I11 Partial current I12 Partial current I2 Second current I21 Partial current I22 Partial current I3 Third current IV Supply current M Ground S Evaluation signal S1 First half-waves S2 Second half-waves UV Supply voltage