Abstract
A projectile and method for producing the projectile. The projectile having a projectile main body which has a recess for receiving explosive and which, at least in part, has a preferably cylindrical lateral surface oriented along a longitudinal axis of the projectile main body. At least one fragmentation group includes at least two mutually adjacent, ring-shaped fragmentation bodies which are threaded on along the lateral surface and forming a fragmentation portion of the projectile. At least mutually adjacent fragmentation bodies of a fragmentation group are interconnected by at least one weld bead.
Claims
1. A projectile having a projectile base body which has a recess for receiving explosive and, at least in sections, a jacket surface oriented along a longitudinal axis of the projectile base body, and wherein at least one fragmentation group comprising at least two mutually adjacent annular fragmentation bodies is provided, which are threaded along the jacket surface and form a fragmentation section of the projectile, wherein at least respectively adjacent fragmentation bodies of a fragmentation group are connected to one another by at least one weld bead.
2. The projectile according to claim 1, wherein each fragmentation body of a fragmentation group has an outer surface opposite the jacket surface and the outer surfaces of all fragmentation bodies of a fragmentation group define the surface of the projectile in this fragmentation section.
3. The projectile according to claim 2, wherein the at least one weld bead is applied to the surface of the projectile in the fragmentation section.
4. The projectile according to claim 1, wherein the at least one weld bead extends in an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis of the projectile base body.
5. The projectile according to claim 1, wherein more than two fragmentation bodies are provided in a fragmentation group and adjacent fragmentation bodies are each connected to one another by a weld bead.
6. The projectile according to claim 2, wherein the at least one weld bead is part of a flat welded connection which connects the outer surfaces of each fragmentation body of a fragmentation group.
7-8. (canceled)
9. The projectile according to claim 1, wherein non-adjacent fragmentation bodies of a fragmentation group are connected to one another by at least one further weld bead.
10. The projectile according to claim 9, wherein the at least one further weld bead is applied to the surface of the projectile in this fragmentation section in the longitudinal direction of the fragmentation section.
11. The projectile according to claim 10, wherein at least two further weld beads are provided, which are applied opposite one another to the surface of the projectile in a fragmentation section and in the longitudinal direction of the projectile.
12. (canceled)
13. The projectile according to claim 1, wherein at least two fragmentation groups are provided and the fragmentation bodies of the one fragmentation group have at least in sections a different angle of inclination in relation to the orthogonal plane than the fragmentation bodies of the other fragmentation group.
14. The projectile according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the annular fragmentation bodies has a largest outer diameter which is smaller than the largest outer diameter of its adjacent fragmentation bodies for receiving a sealing ring.
15. The projectile according to claim 1, wherein at least two fragmentation groups spaced apart from one another are provided, wherein an inner, first positioning element threaded along the jacket surface is provided between the fragmentation groups and an external, second positioning element is arranged, which surrounds the internal positioning element, wherein a circumferential groove for receiving a sealing ring is formed in the external positioning element.
16. The projectile according to claim 15, wherein the inner, first positioning element is made of aluminum and the outer, second positioning element is made of a weldable material, and the two positioning elements are pressed together.
17. The projectile according to claim 1, wherein the respective outermost fragmentation bodies of a fragmentation group are connected to the projectile base body or to a positioning element and/or to a closure element by at least one boundary weld bead.
18. (canceled)
19. A method for producing a projectile according to claim 1, comprising: providing a projectile base body with a jacket surface; providing at least two ring-shaped fragmentation bodies, threading the fragmentation bodies onto the jacket surface, wherein a group of adjacent fragmentation bodies form a fragmentation group and each fragmentation body of a fragmentation group has an outer surface opposite the jacket surface and the outer surfaces of all the fragmentation bodies of a fragmentation group define the surface of the projectile in a fragmentation section; applying at least one weld bead, which connects at least two adjacent fragmentation bodies to each other.
20. The method according to claim 19, wherein separate weld beads are applied to join respectively adjacent fragmentation bodies.
21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the separate weld beads are each applied to the surface of a fragmentation section extending in an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis.
22.-23. (canceled)
24. The method according to claim 19, wherein non-adjacent fragmentation bodies are joined together by applying at least one further weld bead in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and extending along the surface of a fragmentation section.
25. (canceled)
26. The method according to claim 19, wherein at least one section of the surface of the projectile is surface-treated before the application of the at least one weld bead.
27. The method according to claim 19, wherein at least one section of the surface of the projectile is surface-treated after the application of the at least one weld bead, wherein the surface treatment also comprises at least one section of the at least one weld bead.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0095] The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments. The schematic drawings are exemplary and are intended to illustrate the idea of the invention, wherein:
[0096] FIG. 1 shows a sectional view from the side of a first embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;
[0097] FIG. 2 shows a side view of a single disk-shaped fragmentation body with notches on both sides;
[0098] FIG. 3 shows an isometric view oblique from above of the fragmentation body shown in FIG. 2;
[0099] FIG. 4 shows a lateral sectional view of the fragmentation body shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 according to the sectional plane A-A shown in FIG. 2;
[0100] FIG. 5 shows, in an isometric view from the side, five fragmentation bodies arranged next to each other as shown in FIG. 2;
[0101] FIG. 6 shows the fragmentation bodies shown in FIG. 5 after the application of separate, ring-shaped weld beads between respectively adjacent fragmentation bodies;
[0102] FIG. 7 shows the fragmentation bodies shown in FIG. 5 after the application of a continuous, spiral-shaped weld bead for joining the fragmentation bodies together;
[0103] FIG. 8 shows the fragmentation bodies shown in FIG. 5 after the application of a continuous, flat welding jacket, which connects and covers the fragmentation bodies;
[0104] FIG. 9 shows, in an isometric view obliquely from the side, five conically shaped fragmentation bodies arranged side by side;
[0105] FIG. 10 shows the fragmentation bodies shown in FIG. 9 after the application of separate, ring-shaped weld beads between adjacent fragmentation bodies;
[0106] FIG. 11 shows the fragmentation bodies shown in FIG. 9 after the application of a continuous, spiral-shaped weld bead for joining the fragmentation bodies together;
[0107] FIG. 12 shows the fragmentation bodies shown in FIG. 9 after the application of a continuous, flat welding jacket, which connects and covers the fragmentation bodies;
[0108] FIG. 13 shows, in a sectional view from the side, a second embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;
[0109] FIG. 14 shows, in a sectional view from the side, a third embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;
[0110] FIG. 15 shows, in a sectional view from the side, a fourth embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;
[0111] FIG. 16 shows, in a sectional view from the side, a fifth embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;
[0112] FIG. 17 shows, in a sectional view from the side, a sixth embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;
[0113] FIG. 18 shows, in a half sectional view from the side, a seventh embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;
[0114] FIG. 19 shows a detailed view of the area B marked in FIG. 16;
[0115] FIG. 20 shows a detailed view of the area C marked in FIG. 17;
[0116] FIG. 21 shows a detailed view of the area D marked in FIG. 18;
[0117] FIG. 22 shows a sectional view from the side of an eighth embodiment of a projectile according to the invention;
[0118] FIG. 23 shows a detailed view of the area E marked in FIG. 22;
[0119] FIG. 24 shows a sectional view from the side of two adjoining fragmentation bodies with a rectangular disk profile;
[0120] FIG. 25 shows a sectional view from the side of two adjoining fragmentation bodies with an essentially rectangular disk profile with rounded outer edges;
[0121] FIG. 26 shows a sectional view from the side of two adjoining fragmentation bodies with a triangular disk profile, each with a tapered, blade-shaped outer edge;
[0122] FIG. 27 shows a sectional view from the side of an eighth embodiment of a projectile according to the invention in the form of a mortar shell;
[0123] FIG. 28 shows a sectional view from the side of a ninth embodiment of a projectile according to the invention in the form of an artillery shell.
MODE OF OPERATION OF THE INVENTION
[0124] FIG. 1 shows a sectional view from the side of a first embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention. The projectile 1 is of rotationally symmetrical design and has an axis of rotation 2. The projectile 1 shown has a largest outside diameter 3, also known as caliber 3, with the largest outside diameter 3 being arranged in an orthogonal plane in relation to the axis of rotation 2. The projectile 1 has a projectile tip 4 with an ignition device 5 at its one free end seen in the direction of the axis of rotation 2. At its free end opposite the projectile tip 4, as seen in the direction of the axis of rotation 2, the projectile 1 has a tail section 6, as is usual, for example, in a design of the projectile 1 as a mortar shell for attaching a tail fin. The reference sign 7 designates the surface 7 of the projectile 1, i.e. the outer surface or outer contour of the projectile 1. The surface 7 can have one or more surface-treated sections 8, at least in sections. For example, a surface-treated section 8 is outlined here in FIG. 1, wherein this section 8 of the surface 7 has been smoothed by means of turning, i.e. a rotationally symmetrical machining process.
[0125] The tall section 6 is provided here, for example, with an external thread 9, which external thread 9 serves as a connection thread for a tail fin shown in FIG. 27, for example, which can be screwed onto the external thread 9 of the tail section 6. Depending on the intended use of the projectile 1, different tail fins can be attached to the tail section 6. An appropriate tail fin serves to stabilize the trajectory of the projectile 1 and to prevent an undesired spin of the flying projectile 1. By adjusting the center of gravity of the projectile 1 in conjunction with the tail fin, it is ensured that the launched projectile 1 hits a planned target area with its projectile tip 4 first and that the ignition device 5 is activated on impact.
[0126] The projectile 1 has a basic projectile base body 10, which is also of rotationally symmetrical design in this case and has a longitudinal axis 11 that coincides with or is identical to the axis of rotation 2 of the projectile 1. The longitudinal axis 11 of the projectile base body 10 defines its longitudinal direction 11. The projectile base body 10 has a cylindrical jacket section 12 with a cylindrical jacket surface 13, which is oriented along the longitudinal axis 11 of the projectile base body 10. The cylindrical jacket section 12 has an outer diameter 14, a wall thickness 15 and an inner diameter 16. Inside the cylindrical jacket section 12 with the cylindrical jacket surface 13 there is a recess 17 for taking up explosives. The ignition device 5 on the projectile tip 4 interacts with the explosive in the recess 17 and ensures that the explosive in the recess 17 is ignited and explodes when the fired or ejected projectile 1 hits the ground, detonating the projectile 1. To fill the explosive located in the recess 17 in FIG. 1, a closure element 18 is used, which is designed here as a screwing element and which is screwed onto the cylindrical jacket section 12 of the basic projectile base body 10.
[0127] Multiple ring-shaped fragmentation bodies 20 are threaded along the cylindrical jacket surface 13. For a better overview, the annular fragmentation bodies 20 are alternately designated here as first fragmentation body 21 and, adjacent thereto or directly adjacent thereto, as second fragmentation body 22. Here and in the following, the reference sign 20 refers both generally to one or more of the fragmentation bodies shown and also specifically to a particular first fragmentation body 21 or a particular second fragmentation body 22. The annular fragmentation bodies 20 are designed here as disk-shaped first 21 and second 22 fragmentation bodies. The adjacent, disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 touch each other on their side surfaces, which are arranged in the direction of orthogonal planes , i.e. orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 11 of the basic projectile base body 10. The parting planes between adjacent fragmentation bodies 21, 22 are also oriented orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of the basic projectile base body 10 and coincide with the orthogonal planes of the side surfaces of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22.
[0128] The multiple ring-shaped fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 are shaped in such a way that their inner surfaces or inner diameters can be fitted as accurately as possible onto the cylindrical outer surface 13 of the projectile base body 10. The outer diameters of the multiple ring-shaped fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 can varyas can be seen in FIG. 1since the outer surfaces of each fragmentation body 21, 22 each define a section of the surface 7 of the projectile 1, wherein the surface 7 or the course of the outer contour of the surface 7 is designed to follow the aerodynamic requirements of the projectile 1.
[0129] In each case, adjacent fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 are connected to each other with at least one weld bead 30. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, an annular weld bead 31 extends in an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis 11 of the projectile base body 10 between the respective adjacent fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22. The separate annular weld beads 31 are each arranged in such a way that they each run in an orthogonal plane or parting plane between adjacent fragmentation bodies 21,22 and weld the annular gap between two adjacent disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21,22 along its entire circumference. Advantageously, the annular weld beads 31 are each applied separately and thus independently of one another on the surface 7 of the projectile 1 in the region of the respective annular gap between two adjacent fragmentation bodies 21, 22. Boundary weld beads 35 are arranged between the respective outermost fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 and the adjoining projectile base body 10 on one side or the adjoining closure element 18 on the opposite, other side, which boundary weld beads 35 are also designed here as annular weld beads and connect the respective outermost fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 with the adjoining components 10, 18 of the projectile 1. The annular gaps between the respective outermost fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 and the adjacent components 10, 18 of the projectile 1 are sealed here by the annular peripheral boundary weld beads 35.
[0130] The multiple adjacent fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 threaded along the jacket surface 13, each of which is of disk-shaped design here, form a first fragmentation group 41 as well as a first fragmentation section 51 of the projectile 1. The outer surfaces of all fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 of the first fragmentation group 41 define the surface 7 in this first fragmentation section 51. The embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has only a single fragmentation group 41 comprising a plurality of annular or here disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22, wherein this single fragmentation group 41 forms a single fragmentation section 51 of the projectile 1.
[0131] In the following, embodiments of projectiles 1 according to the invention are also described which have multiple fragmentation groups on different fragmentation bodies or multiple fragmentation sections.
[0132] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the largest outer diameter 3the caliber 3of the projectile 1 is formed in the area of the projectile base body 10. A circumferential notch 60, which is formed on this section of the projectile base body 10 with the largest outside diameter 3, is used here to accommodate a sealing ring 63, the profile of which is indicated by a dashed line.
[0133] FIGS. 2 to 4 show a single disk-shaped fragmentation body 20, 21 with notches 69 on both sides. The following description of the figures refers equally to FIGS. 2 to 4.
[0134] FIG. 2 shows a side view of the individual disk-shaped fragmentation body 20, 21 with notches 69 on both sides.
[0135] FIG. 3 shows an isometric view obliquely from above of the fragmentation body 20, 21 shown in FIG. 2.
[0136] FIG. 4 shows a lateral sectional view of the fragmentation body 20, 21 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 according to the sectional plane A-A shown in FIG. 2.
[0137] In general, a fragmentation body 20 has an outer surface 201 which is usually bounded by a first outer edge 202 and by a second outer edge 203 of the fragmentation body 20. The first outer edge 202 and the second outer edge 203 can be spaced apart from each other, forming the intermediate outer surface 201 with a thickness 204 or width 204.
[0138] According to the embodiment of a fragmentation body 21 with a disk-shaped profile shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, wherein the outer surface 211 is bounded by a first outer edge 212 and by a second outer edge 213 of the fragmentation body 21 opposite the first outer edge 212 and the two outer edges 212, 213 are substantially at right angles, the thickness 214 or width 214 of the outer surface 211 substantially corresponds to the thickness 214 or width 214 of the fragmentation body 21 shown.
[0139] The width of the outer surface of a fragmentation body or the distance between the opposing outer edges can also be different from the thickness or width of the fragmentation body 20, as shown in FIG. 25.
[0140] Alternatively, individual or all fragmentation bodies 20 can also be designed in such a way that they taper outwards in a pointed or cutting edge shape, wherein in such a case the outer surface of the respective fragmentation body 20 is formed by a single outer edge. This variant is illustrated in FIG. 26 below.
[0141] Returning to FIGS. 2 to 4, a fragmentation body 20 generally has an outer diameter 205 and an inner surface 206 opposite the outer surface 201 with an inner diameter 207. The inner diameter 207 must be adapted to the respective outer diameter 14 of the cylindrical jacket section 12 of the projectile base body 10, so that the respective fragmentation body 20 can be inserted or threaded onto the projectile base body 10 along the jacket surface 13 of the cylindrical jacket section 12. The type of fit selected between the respective inner surface 206 of the fragmentation body 20 and the corresponding jacket surface 13 of the cylindrical jacket section 12 of the projectile base body 10 depends on the quality requirements of the respective projectile 1 and can, for example, be designed as a clearance fit, transition fit or interference fit. The fragmentation body 20 has a first side surface 208 and a side surface 209 opposite the first side surface 208.
[0142] The disk-shaped fragmentation body 21 shown here in FIGS. 2 to 4 has an outer diameter 215 and an inner surface 216 opposite the outer surface 211 with an inner diameter 217. The two opposite side surfaces 218, 219 of the disk-shaped fragmentation body 21 run parallel to each other. In the installation position of the disk-shaped fragmentation body 21, in which the fragmentation body 21 in question is located threaded along the cylindrical jacket surface 13 of a cylindrical jacket section 12 of the projectile base body 10 of a projectile according to the invention, the two side surfaces 218, 219 are positioned orthogonally to the longitudinal direction 11 of the projectile base body 10.
[0143] In the following FIGS. 5 to 8, five fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 arranged next to each other are shown in isometric views, comparable to the fragmentation body 20, 21 illustrated in FIG. 2, as these are arranged adjacent to each other within a fragmentation group 41 in FIG. 1, for example. For the sake of simplicity, the other parts and components of a projectile 1 according to the invention are not shown in FIGS. 5 to 8.
[0144] In FIG. 5, the five identical disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 20 are each designated concentrically in relation to an axis of rotation 2 of the projectile 1, which is not shown, or to a longitudinal axis 11 of a projectile base body 10, which is also not shown, in an alternating manner with the reference signs 21 and 22. The first disk-shaped fragmentation body 21 has a first outer surface 211. The second disk-shaped fragmentation body 22 adjacent thereto has a second outer surface 221.
[0145] FIG. 6 shows the fragmentation bodies 20 shown in FIG. 5, i.e. the five respective disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 after the application of weld beads 30 between respective adjacent fragmentation bodies 21, 22. The weld beads 30 are designed here as separate, ring-shaped weld beads 30, 31, which are applied in the direction of orthogonal planes or of parting planes between adjacent disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22, i.e. in each case orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of a projectile base body 10 on which the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 are mounted in the direction of orthogonal planes or of parting planes between adjacent disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22, i.e. in each case orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 11 of a projectile base body 10, on which the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 are threaded in the installation position on the projectile 1. As outlined in FIG. 1, the parting planes between adjacent disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 are also oriented orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of a projectile base body 10 and coincide with the orthogonal planes of the side surfaces of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22. Each annular weld bead 31 extends here in the circumferential direction of the annular gap between respectively adjacent fragmentation bodies 21, 22 and connects or welds them tightly together.
[0146] FIG. 7 shows the fragmentation bodies 20, 20 shown in FIG. 5, i.e. the disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 after the application of a continuous, spiral-shaped weld bead 32 for the joint connection of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22. For the sake of clarity, the spiral-shaped weld bead 32 is drawn here in such a way that a free space remains between the adjacent sections of the spiral-shaped weld bead 32, which run essentially parallel to each other. In contrast to the separate ring-shaped weld beads 31 shown in FIG. 6, which can be carried out independently of each other, the spiral-shaped weld bead 32 shown in FIG. 7 is carried out as uninterruptedly or continuously as possible. In order to achieve the tightest possible welding of the several fragmentation bodies 21, 22 arranged next to each other, the angle of attack or the pitch of the spiral weld bead 32 can be reduced so that the neighboring sections of the spiral weld bead 32 overlap in each case.
[0147] Alternatively, a further or optionally multiple further spiral weld beads 32 can be arranged offset in the longitudinal direction 11 of a projectile base body 10 in addition to the spiral weld bead 32 already formed in order to cover the corresponding fragmentation section of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 on the outside with a continuous, full-surface welding jacket 33.
[0148] A further weld bead 34 is applied here in the longitudinal direction 11 of the fragmentation section formed by the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 shown, wherein the further weld bead 34 also connects fragmentation bodies 21, 22 that are not directly adjacent to each other. In order to avoid undesirable distortion during welding, a second further weld bead 34 is arranged opposite the back of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22, which is invisible in Fig, 7, extending transversely across the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 in the longitudinal direction 11. The two further weld beads 34 thus form a pair of weld seams on opposite surface sections of the connected fragmentation bodies 21, 22.
[0149] FIG. 8 illustrates the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 shown in FIG. 5 after the application of a continuous, flat welding jacket 33, which connects the five disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 to each other and covers them together. The flat welding jacket 33 is produced here by multiple separate, ring-shaped weld beads 31, which are applied overlapping one another. Alternatively, such a flat welding jacket 33 can also be producedas explained above with regard to FIG. 7by appropriately selecting a single, spiral-shaped weld bead 32, which is applied in an overlapping manner. A further weld bead 34 is applied here in the longitudinal direction 11 of the fragmentation section formed by the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 shown, in order to fix the disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 in their relative position to one another before the flat welding jacket 33 is applied in strips.
[0150] In the following FIGS. 9 to 12comparable with the previously discussed FIGS. 5 to 8five fragmentation bodies 20 arranged next to each other are again shown in isometric views. The fragmentation bodies 23, 24 shown here in FIGS. 9 to 12 differ from the respective disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 shown previously in FIGS. 5 to 8 in that the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 shown here are each conically shaped, wherein the side surfaces of the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 each extending inclined at an angle of inclination in relation to the orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis 11 of a projectile base body. For the sake of simplicity, the other parts and components of a projectile 1 according to the invention are not shown in FIGS. 9 to 12. In other respects, reference is made analogously to the previous description of FIGS. 5 to 8.
[0151] In FIG. 9, the five identical, conically shaped or obliquely inclined fragmentation bodies 20 are each designated concentrically in relation to an axis of rotation 2 of the projectile 1 not shown or to a longitudinal axis 11 of a projectile base body 10, also not shown, in an alternating manner with the reference signs 23 and 24.
[0152] FIG. 10 shows the fragmentation bodies 20 shown in FIG. 9, i.e. the five obliquely inclined fragmentation bodies 23, 24 after the application of weld beads 30 between adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24 in each case. Comparable to FIG. 6, the weld beads 30 in FIG. 10 are also designed as separate, ring-shaped weld beads 30,31, which are arranged to extend in the direction of orthogonal planes and of parting planes between the adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24, i.e. in each case orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of a projectile base body 10. Each annular weld bead 31 extends here in the circumferential direction of the annular gap between adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24 and connects or welds them tightly together.
[0153] FIG. 11 showscomparable to FIG. 7the disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 23, 24 after the application of a continuous, spiral-shaped weld bead 32 for the joint connection of the fragmentation bodies 23, 24. For the sake of clarity, the spiral-shaped weld bead 32 is again drawn here in such a way that a free space remains between the adjacent sections of the spiral-shaped weld bead 32, which extend essentially parallel to each other. In order to achieve the tightest possible welding of the multiple fragmentation bodies 23, 24 arranged next to each other, the angle of attack or the pitch of the spiral weld bead 32 can be reduced or varied so that the adjacent sections of the spiral weld bead 32 overlap in each case. Alternatively, in each case in the longitudinal direction 11 of a projectile base body 10, a further or optionally multiple further spiral weld beads 32 can be arranged offset to the already executed spiral weld bead 32 and additionally superimposed in order to cover the corresponding fragmentation section of the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 on the outside with a continuous, full-surface welding jacket 33.
[0154] A further weld bead 34 is applied here in the longitudinal direction 11 of the fragmentation section formed by the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 shown, wherein the further weld bead 34 also connects fragmentation bodies 23, 24 that are not directly adjacent to one another.
[0155] FIG. 12 illustratessimilar to FIG. 8the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 shown after the application of a continuous, flat welding jacket 33, which connects the five disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 to each other and covers them together. The flat welding jacket 33 is produced here by multiple separate, ring-shaped weld beads 31, which are applied overlapping one another. Alternatively, such a flat welding jacket 33as explained above with regard to FIG. 11can also be produced by appropriately selecting a single, spiral-shaped weld bead 32, which is applied in an overlapping manner. A further weld bead 34 is applied here in the longitudinal direction 11 of the fragmentation section formed by the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 shown in order to fix the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 in their relative position to one another before the flat welding jacket 33 is applied in strips.
[0156] In the following figures, identical or functionally identical parts and components of a projectile 1 are each marked with the same reference signs. In order to avoid repetition, the following description will therefore essentially only describe different details compared to the figures discussed so far.
[0157] FIG. 13 shows a second embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention. This second embodiment differs essentially from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that here an annular fragmentation body 20, which is designed as a disk-shaped fragmentation body 21, has a largest outside diameter 215 which is smaller than the largest outside diameter 225, 235 of its adjacent fragmentation bodies 22, 23, which are also designed as disks. In this way, a circumferential groove is produced in a cost-effective manner to accommodate a sealing ring. This receptacle for the sealing ring not shown in FIG. 13 during the manufacture of the projectile 1 can be provided in a simple manner by threading at least one disk-shaped fragmentation body 21 with a smaller outer diameter 215 between adjacent fragmentation bodies 22, 23 each with a larger outer diameter 225, 235 within the fragmentation group 41 onto the jacket surface 13 of the projectile base body 10, If necessary, the position of the at least one disk-shaped fragmentation body 21 with a smaller outside diameter 215 and thus the position of the circumferential groove for receiving a sealing ring can still be adjusted by correspondingly repositioning this fragmentation body in the longitudinal direction 11 within the fragmentation group 41 before the positions of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22, 23 within the fragmentation group 41 or within the fragmentation section 51 are connected to each other by the annular weld beads 30, 31, which are arranged separately in each case here, and are thus fixed in a non-detachable manner.
[0158] FIG. 14 shows a third embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention. Two fragmentation groups 41, 42 are provided in this projectile 1. Between the two fragmentation groups 41, 42, an inner, first positioning element 65 threaded along the jacket surface 13 is provided. An external, second positioning element 66 is arranged such that this external, second positioning element 66 surrounds the internal positioning element 65, wherein a circumferential groove 62 for receiving a sealing ring 63 is formed in the external positioning element 66. In order to be able to adjust the center of mass of the projectile 1 with the combined positioning element 65, 66, the inner, first positioning element 65 is made here of a light metal, for example aluminum. The outer, second positioning element 66 is made of a weldable material, for example steel, and the two positioning elements 65, 66 are pressed together. Optionally, the number of fragmentation bodies 21, 22 of the first fragmentation group 41 or the first fragmentation section 51 and/or the number of fragmentation bodies 23, 24 of the second fragmentation group 42 of the second fragmentation section 52 can be varied during threading along the jacket surface 13 in order to be able to adjust the position of the combined positioning element 65, 66 along the jacket surface 13 and thus the position of the center of mass of the projectile 1. The fragmentation bodies 20,21,22,23,24 attached to the jacket surface 13 are in turn connected to each other by annular weld beads 31, The outermost fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 of a fragmentation group 41, 42 are each connected to the adjacent positioning element 66 or projectile base body 10 or closure element 18 by a boundary weld bead 35.
[0159] FIG. 15 shows a fourth embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention with three fragmentation groups 41, 42, 43 or with three fragmentation sections 51, 52, 53. Between the first fragmentation group 41 and the second fragmentation group 42, a positioning element 68 in cylindrical ring form is threaded on here, which has a circumferential groove 62 on the outside for receiving a sealing ring, Between the second fragmentation group 42 and the third fragmentation group 43 there is also a positioning element 68 in cylindrical ring form, but without a circumferential groove. The respective disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 of the first fragmentation group 41, the respective disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 23, 24 of the second fragmentation group 42 and the respective disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 25, 26 of the third fragmentation group 43 are each connected to one another by a spiral weld bead 32 for each fragmentation group 41, 42, 43.
[0160] FIG. 16 shows a fifth embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention having three fragmentation groups 41, 42, 43 or having three fragmentation sections 51, 52, 53.
[0161] FIG. 17 shows-comparable to FIG. 16a sixth embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention, also having three fragmentation groups 41,42,43 or having three fragmentation sections 51,52,53. The two embodiments differ essentially only in details of the respective welded connections, which are shown in the following FIGS. 19 and 20. Apart from these different welds, which will be discussed separately, the following description therefore refers equally to FIGS. 16 and 17.
[0162] The fragmentation bodies 20,21,22 of the first fragmentation group 41 or the first fragmentation section 51 are arranged here at an inclination angle in relation to the orthogonal plane . The fragmentation bodies 20, 25, 26 of the third fragmentation group 43 or the third fragmentation section 53 are inclined here at an angle of inclination in relation to the orthogonal plane . The two angles of inclination , are selected differently here, for example, as shown in FIG. 17. The fragmentation bodies 20, 23, 24 of the middle, second fragmentation section 52 are disk-shaped, wherein parting planes between adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24 are oriented parallel to or in the direction of the orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis 11 of the projectile base body 10.
[0163] A conical ring-shaped positioning element 67 is located between the first fragmentation section 51 with the inclined fragmentation bodies 21, 22 and the second fragmentation section 52 with the fragmentation bodies 23, 24 arranged orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of the projectile base body 10. Similarly, a conical ring-shaped positioning element 67 is threaded between the second and third fragmentation groups 42, 43 or between the second and third fragmentation sections 52, 53. As shown in FIG. 17, a surface-treated section 8 extends here both along the rear section of the projectile base body 10 and along some fragmentation bodies 25, 26 in the region of the third fragmentation group 43.
[0164] FIG. 18 shows a section of a seventh embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention with two fragmentation groups 41, 42, wherein an inner, first positioning element 65 threaded along the jacket surface 13 is provided between the two fragmentation groups, and an external, second positioning element 66 is arranged, which surrounds the internal positioning element 65, wherein a circumferential groove 62 for receiving a sealing ring is formed in the external positioning element 66. The inner, first positioning element 65 is manufactured here, for example, from aluminum and the outer, second positioning element 66 is manufactured here, for example, from a weldable material, namely from a steel alloy. The two positioning elements 65, 66 are pressed together.
[0165] FIG. 19 shows a detailed view of the area B marked in FIG. 16. The inclined or tilted fragmentation bodies 21, 22 of the first fragmentation group 41 are each connected to each other with separate, ring-shaped weld beads 31.
[0166] FIG. 20 shows a detailed view of the area C marked in FIG. 17, Here, the inclined or tilted fragmentation bodies 21, 22 of the first fragmentation group 41 are constructed with a flat welded connection 30, 32, 33, 34 consisting of several separate weld beads 32, 34, which are applied overlapping to the surface 7 of the projectile 1 in this first fragmentation section 51 and which form a full-surface weld jacket 33.
[0167] FIG. 21 shows a detailed view of the area D marked in FIG. 18. The outermost, disk-shaped fragmentation body 24 of the second fragmentation group 42 is connected here on the one hand to the adjacent projectile base body 10 with a boundary weld bead 35. On the other hand, the disk-shaped fragmentation body 24 is connected to the adjacent disk-shaped fragmentation body 23 with an annular weld bead 31.
[0168] FIG. 22 shows a sectional view from the side of an eighth embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention having two fragmentation groups 41, 42 with fragmentation bodies 20, 21, 22 inclined in opposite directions.
[0169] FIG. 23 shows a detailed view of the area E marked in FIG. 22 with fragmentation bodies 21, 22 inclined at an angle of inclination x in relation to the orthogonal plane to the longitudinal direction 11 of the projectile base body 10. The outer surfaces 211, 221 of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22 have notch-shaped recesses on their longitudinal edges, which is why the first outer edges 212, 222 and second outer edges 213, 223, which are opposite each other and delimit the outer surfaces 211, 221, have a smaller distance than the thickness or width of the fragmentation bodies 21, 22. The notch-shaped recesses on the surface 7 offer the advantage that weld beads not shown here, for example annular weld beads 31, can be applied within these notch-shaped recesses to join adjacent fragmentation bodies 21, 22, wherein the surface 7 of the projectile 1 remains as smooth as possible and is not disturbed by the applied weld beads 31.
[0170] FIG. 24 shows a sectional view from the side of two adjoining, respectively disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 21, 22 with a rectangular disk profile. The first fragmentation body 21 has an outer surface 211, a first outer edge 212 and an opposite second outer edge 213, a thickness or width 214, an outer diameter 215, an inner surface 216, an inner diameter 217, as well as a first side surface 218 and a second side surface 219 opposite the first side surface 218. The second fragmentation body 22 has an outer surface 221, a first outer edge 222 and an opposite second outer edge 223, a thickness or width 224, an outer diameter 225, an inner surface 226, an inner diameter 227, as well as a first side surface 228 and a second side surface 229 opposite the first side surface 228. The widths of the outer surfaces 211, 221 correspond here in each case to the thicknesses or widths 214, 224 of the two fragmentation bodies 21, 22 between the respective opposite side surfaces 218, 219 or 228, 229 of the two fragmentation bodies 21, 22. The two fragmentation bodies 21, 22 are connected to one another by an annular weld bead 31. The annular weld bead 31 extends in an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis of the projectile base body 10 or in the parting plane between the adjacent fragmentation bodies 21,22.
[0171] FIG. 25 shows a sectional view from the side of two adjoining fragmentation bodies 23, 24, specifically a third fragmentation body 23 and a fourth fragmentation body 24, each with a substantially rectangular disk profile with rounded outer edges 232, 233 and 242, 243 respectively, The widths of the outer surfaces 231, 241 are slightly smaller than the thicknesses and widths 234, 244 of the two fragmentation bodies 23, 24 due to the rounded outer edges 232, 233 and 242, 243 respectively. 242, 243 are slightly smaller than the thicknesses or widths 234, 244 of the two fragmentation bodies 23, 24. The thicknesses or widths 234, 244 of the two fragmentation bodies 23, 24 correspond to the distances between the opposing side surfaces 218, 219 or 228, 229 of the two fragmentation bodies 21, 22.
[0172] The two fragmentation bodies 23, 24 are connected to each other by an annular weld bead 31, which is arranged in the area of the rounded outer edges 233, 242. The annular weld bead 31 runs in an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis of the projectile base body 10 or in the parting plane between the adjacent fragmentation bodies 23, 24.
[0173] FIG. 26 shows a sectional view from the side of two adjoining fragmentation bodies 25, 26 with a triangular disk profile, each with a blade-shaped outer edge tapering outwards. The fifth fragmentation body 25 has an outer surface 251, which is formed by the single outer edge 252, has a variable thickness or width 254, an outer diameter 255, an inner surface 256, an inner diameter 257, as well as a first side surface 258 and a second side surface 259 opposite the first side surface 258. The sixth fragmentation body 26 has an outer surface 261 formed by the blade-shaped single outer edge 262, and also has a variable thickness or width 264, an outer diameter 265, an inner surface 266, an inner diameter 267, as well as a first side surface 268 and a second side surface 269 opposite the first side surface 268.
[0174] The widths of the outer surfaces 251, 261 of the two fragmentation bodies 25, 26 correspond here to the widths of the respective tapered, blade-shaped outer edges 252, 262 of the two fragmentation bodies 25, 26. The two fragmentation bodies 25, 26 are joined together here by an annular weld bead 31 in the region of the greatest thickness or width 254, 264 of the two fragmentation bodies 25, 26, which region is directly adjacent to the cylindrical jacket surface 13 of the projectile base body 50. The annular weld bead 31 again extends in an orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis of the projectile base body 10 or in the parting plane or, in this case, in the circumferential direction of the notch between the adjacent fragmentation bodies 25, 26.
[0175] FIG. 27 shows a projectile 1 according to the invention in the form of a mortar shell. The basic shape of the projectile 1 shown here with the projectile base body 10, which has a recess 17 for receiving explosives, wherein a plurality of adjacent fragmentation bodies 20 are threaded along a longitudinal axis 11 of the projectile base body 10 on a jacket surface of the projectile base body 10, and wherein respectively adjacent fragmentation bodies 20 are connected to each other by at least one weld bead 30, 31, has already been described in detail in FIG. 1 above.
[0176] Reference is therefore made here to the above description of FIG. 1. In addition to the illustration in FIG. 1, a tail fin 90 is already attached to the tail section 6 of the projectile 1 in the form of the fully assembled mortar shell in FIG. 27. The tail fin 90 is attached with an internal thread to the corresponding external thread 9 of the tail section 6 of the projectile base body 10. The tail fin 90 shown here contains, for example, a propellant charge and a propellant charge igniter.
[0177] An ignition device 5 is screwed onto the projectile tip 4 by means of a screw thread 91 on a closure element 18, The closure element 18 is in turn screwed onto a section of the projectile base body 10 with a further screw thread 92. On the one hand, the closure element 18 shown here serves to press the fragmentation bodies 20 previously threaded onto the jacket surface 13 of the basic projectile base body 10 against each other in their installation position. On the one hand, this ensures that no undesirable gaps occur between the disk-shaped, adjacent fragmentation bodies 20. On the other hand, the pressing between adjacent fragmentation bodies 20 as a result of the screwed closure element 18 facilitates the subsequent application of the weld beads 30, 31, with which adjacent fragmentation bodies 20 are joined together.
[0178] After filling the recess 17 with explosives, the recess 17 is closed by screwing the ignition device 5 into the screw thread 91 of the closure element 18. The projectile 1 or the mortar shell shown here is thus ready for firing, for example by means of a mortar.
[0179] FIG. 28 shows a projectile 1 according to the invention in the form of an artillery shell. In contrast to a mortar shell as shown in the preceding FIG. 27, the artillery shell here lacks a tail fin. The tail section 6 of the artillery shell therefore also has no connection thread for a tail fin, but is designed here, for example, with a flat bottom surface which is aligned orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 11 of the projectile base body 10. The ignition device 5 is attached to the projectile tip 4 by means of a closure element 18 as a connecting piece with the projectile base body 10 in a similar way to the design shown in FIG. 27. Reference is made to the corresponding description of FIG. 27.
[0180] The artillery shell shown has a sealing ring 64 with a guide band at the rear in the area of the disk-shaped fragmentation bodies 20, wherein the sealing ring 64 is shrunk onto the underlying fragmentation bodies 20 or fragmentation disks. The sealing ring 64 is made of plastic, for example, and in this case comprises a guide band made of copper, which serves to seal against a launch tube of a corresponding gun when the artillery shell is fired.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
[0181] 1 Projectile [0182] 2 Rotation axis of the projectile [0183] 3 Caliber, outer diameter of the projectile [0184] 4 Projectile tip [0185] 5 Ignition device [0186] 6 Tail section [0187] 7 Surface of the projectile; outer contour of the projectile [0188] 8 Surface-treated section [0189] 9 External thread; connection thread for tail fin [0190] 10 Projectile base body [0191] 11 Longitudinal axis of the projectile base body; longitudinal direction [0192] 12 Cylindrical jacket section of the projectile base body [0193] 13 Cylindrical jacket surface [0194] 14 Outer diameter of the cylindrical jacket section [0195] 15 Wall thickness of the cylindrical jacket section [0196] 16 Inner diameter of the cylindrical jacket section [0197] 17 Recess for explosives receptacle [0198] 18 Closure element, screwing element [0199] 20 Fragmentation body [0200] 201 Outer surface of the fragmentation body (or 211, 221, 231, . . . ) [0201] 202 (First) outer edge of the fragmentation body (or 212, 222, 232, . . . ) [0202] 203 (Second) outer edge of the fragmentation body (or 213, 223, 233, . . . ) [0203] 204 Thickness or width of the fragmentation body (or 214, 224, 234, . . . ) [0204] 205 Outer diameter of the fragmentation body (or 215, 225, 235, . . . ) [0205] 206 Inner surface of the fragmentation body (or 216, 226, 236, . . . ) [0206] 207 Inner diameter of the fragmentation body (or 217, 227, 237, . . . ) [0207] 208 First side surface of the fragmentation body (or 218, 228, 238, . . . ) [0208] 209 Second side surface of the fragmentation body (or 219, 229, 239, . . . ) [0209] 21 (First) fragmentation body [0210] 22 (Second) fragmentation body [0211] 23 (Third) fragmentation body [0212] 24 (Fourth) fragmentation body [0213] 25 (Fifth) fragmentation body [0214] 30 Weld bead [0215] 31 Annular weld bead between fragmentation bodies [0216] 32 Spiral weld bead (overlapping) [0217] 33 Full-surface welding jacket [0218] 34 Further weld bead [0219] 35 Boundary weld bead [0220] 41 First) fragmentation group, group of fragmentation bodies [0221] 42 (Second) fragmentation group [0222] 43 (Third) fragmentation group [0223] 51 (First) fragmentation section [0224] 52 (Second) fragmentation section [0225] 53 (Third) fragmentation section [0226] 60 Circumferential notch (for sealing ring) [0227] 62 Circumferential groove [0228] 63 Sealing ring [0229] 64 Sealing ring with guide band [0230] 65 (First) positioning element, aluminum insert [0231] 66 (Second) positioning element, insert ring with groove [0232] 67 Positioning element, conical ring [0233] 68 Positioning element, cylindrical ring [0234] 69 Notch in the fragmentation body [0235] 90 Tail fin [0236] 91 Screw thread [0237] 92 Screw thread [0238] Inclination angle of the fragmentation body to the orthogonal plane [0239] Inclination angle of the fragmentation body to the orthogonal plane [0240] Orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis of the projectile base body [0241] Parting plane between adjacent fragmentation bodies
