MICELLAR DISINFECTANTS

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to micellar compositions conformed by biomimetic phospholipids and nonionic surfactants, among other ingredients, for eliminating one or more types of microorganisms including mycobacteria, bacteria, fungi, and viruses from a surface within a contact time on the surface of less than about 1 minutes and having pH of from about 0.3 to 8. The present invention aims on using 100% bio-based (renewable) biodegradable, non-toxic ingredients to be applied not only to hard inanimate surfaces but also on tissue for endodontic applications.

Claims

1. (canceled)

2. (canceled)

3. (canceled)

4. (canceled)

5. (canceled)

6. (canceled)

7. (canceled)

8. (canceled)

9. (canceled)

10. (canceled)

11. (canceled)

12. (canceled)

13. (canceled)

14. (canceled)

15. (canceled)

16. (canceled)

17. (canceled)

18. (canceled)

19. (canceled)

20. (canceled)

21. (canceled)

22. (canceled)

23. (canceled)

24. (canceled)

25. (canceled)

26. (canceled)

27. (canceled)

28. (canceled)

29. (canceled)

30. (canceled)

31. (canceled)

32. (canceled)

33. A micellar composition for eliminating one or more of mycobacteria, bacteria, fungi, and viruses from a surface, the composition comprises: a. a phospholipid; b. a nonionic surfactant; c. hydrogen peroxide; and d. aromatic carboxylic acid and/or aromatic dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acid, and/or aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid, and/or aromatic dihydroxy, or trihydroxy mono or di carboxylic acid, wherein the composition eliminates one or more of mycobacteria, bacteria, fungi, viruses from a surface within a contact time of less than 1 minute.

34. The composition according to claim 33 wherein the pH is from about 0.3 to 8.

35. The composition according to claim 33 wherein the phospholipid is alkyl amide propyl-propylene glycol-dimonium chloride phosphate; the nonionic surfactant is a polyglyceryl fatty acid ester or an alkyl (C8 to C18) ethoxylate (4 to 16) surfactant or their polydisperse mixture, or alkylpolysaccharides or polyoxyethylene derivatives of sorbitan esters or a combination thereof.

36. The composition according to claim 35 wherein the phospholipid is in concentrations of about 0.3 to 10% w/w considering the total weight of the micellar composition; the nonionic surfactant is in a concentration of from 0 to 10% w/w of the total weight of the micellar composition; the hydrogen peroxide is in a concentration of about 0.1 to 2.9% w/w considering the total weight of the micellar composition; and/or the aromatic carboxylic acid and/or aromatic dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acid, and/or aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid, aromatic dihydroxy mono or di carboxylic acid is in a concentration of about 0.01 to 1% w/w considering the total weight of the micellar composition.

37. The composition according to claim 33 wherein the phospholipid is Myristamidopropyl PG-Dimonium Chloride Phosphate, or Cocamidopropyl PG-Dimonium Chloride Phosphate, or Linoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium Chloride Phosphate or a combination thereof.

38. The composition according to claim 35 wherein the alkylpolysaccharides is D-Glucopyranose, or oligomeric, decyl-octyl glycoside and the polyoxyethylene derivatives of sorbitan esters is POE (20) sorbitan monopalmitate or POE (20) sorbitan monooleate; or the polyglyceryl fatty acid ester is polyglyceryl-10 caprylate/caprate, or polyglyceryl-4 laurate/sebacate and polyglyceryl-4 caprylate/caprate, or polyglyceryl-4 laurate/sebacate and polyglyceryl-6 caprylate/caprate or a combination thereof.

39. The composition according to claim 33 wherein the aromatic carboxylic acid is benzoic acid.

40. The composition according to claim 33 further comprising at least a saturated alkyl mono, di, or tri carboxylic acid and/or unsaturated alkyl dicarboxylic acid; further comprising at least an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid (mandelic acid), and/or orto, para or beta aminobenzoic acid, and/or 5-pyrrolidone-2-carboxylic acid, and/or ascorbic acid, and/or aspartic acid, and/or proline and/or glycine and/or urea; further comprising at least an aromatic glycol ether; further comprising at least one anticorrosive; further comprising at least one organic salt; further comprising of inorganic salts; further comprising at least one organic salt; or further comprising of inorganic salts; or combinations thereof.

41. The composition according to claim 40 wherein the saturated alkyl mono, di, or tri hydroxy mono, di, or tri carboxylic acid in a concentration from about 0.01 to 5% w/w considering the total weight of the micellar composition; wherein the aromatic alpha hydroxy acid (mandelic acid), and/or orto, para or beta aminobenzoic acid, and/or 5-pyrrolidone-2-carboxylic acid, and/or ascorbic acid, and/or aspartic acid, and/or proline and/or glycine and/or urea in a concentration of 0.01 to 3% w/w the total weight of the micellar composition; wherein the at least an aromatic glycol ether is from 0.5 to 5% w/w considering the total weight of the micellar composition; wherein the at least one anticorrosive is in a concentration of from 0.01 to 1%; wherein the at least one organic salt is in a concentration from of 0.01 to 2%.

42. The composition according to claim 40 wherein the aromatic glycol ether is phenoxyethanol; wherein the at least one anticorrosive is benzotriazole; wherein the organic salt is a salt of an alkali metal, a salt of an alkaline earth metal such as lithium, sodium, or potassium citrate, calcium or magnesium citrate, sodium or calcium benzoate, sodium EDTA, or magnesium acetate or a mixture of thereof; wherein the at least one organic salt is sodium citrate or functions as anticorrosive and/or chelant and/or PH adjustor and/or kosmotrophe; wherein the inorganic salt is a salt of an alkali metal, a salt of an alkaline earth metal such as lithium, sodium or potassium chloride, calcium or magnesium chloride, or magnesium nitrate or mixture thereof; wherein the inorganic salt is a salt of an alkali metal, a salt of an alkaline earth metal; and/or wherein the inorganic salt is lithium, sodium or potassium chloride, calcium or magnesium chloride, or magnesium nitrate or mixture thereof.

43. The composition according to claim 33 wherein the composition is formulated to solubilize poorly soluble disinfecting components; is formulated to solubilize very slightly soluble (0.1-1 mg/ml), slightly soluble (1-10 mg/ml), sparingly soluble (10-33 mg/ml), soluble (33-100 mg/ml), and/or freely soluble (100-1000 mg/ml) disinfecting components; and/or is formulated such that the micelles have a range of from about 4 to about 30 nm or from about 20 to about 50 nm.

44. The composition according to claim 33 wherein the surface is a non-porous surface or a porous surface.

45. The composition of claim 44 wherein the surface is a table or a tooth.

46. The composition according to claim 33 wherein the pH is from about 2 to 4.

47. Use of the composition of claim 33 to disinfect a surface from one or more of mycobacteria, bacteria, fungi, and viruses within a contact time on the surface of less than 1 minute or to disinfect a root canal from bacteria within a contact time on the surface of less than 1 minute.

48. A method to disinfect a surface from one or more of mycobacteria, bacteria, fungi, viruses, the method comprising: applying the composition of claim 33 to a surface to disinfect the surface from one or more of mycobacteria, bacteria, fungi, and viruses within a contact time on the surface of less than 1 minute.

49. An endodontic irrigant micellar composition for use in preventing or eliminating bacteria and/or bacterial products within a root canal, the composition comprises: a. a phospholipid; b. a nonionic surfactant; c. hydrogen peroxide; and d. aromatic carboxylic acid and/or aromatic dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acid, and/or aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid, and/or aromatic dihydroxy, or trihydroxy mono or di carboxylic acid, wherein the composition prevents of eliminates bacteria from a root canal within a contact time of less than 1 minute.

50. The composition for use of claim 49 wherein the wherein the pH is from about 4 to about 8.

51. A method of disinfecting a root canal comprising contacting a tooth with the composition for use of claim 49.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] FIG. 1 shows the phase scan of exemplary solutions with varying surfactant concentrations;

[0058] FIG. 2 is a graph showing surfactant concentration % S with varying concentration of phenoxyethanol (OH) and benzoic acid (BA);

[0059] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effective diameter of the micelles against various surfactant concentrations;

[0060] FIG. 4 is a graph showing corrosion rate of formulations described in Table VIII on Bare Aluminum;

[0061] FIG. 5 is a graph showing corrosion rate of formulations described in Table VIII on anodized Aluminum;

[0062] FIG. 6 is a graph showing corrosion rate of formulations described in Table X on bare Aluminum;

[0063] FIG. 7 shows bare aluminum coupons after 17 h of immersion test in the solutions described in Table X;

[0064] FIG. 8 is a graph showing corrosion rate of formulations described in Table X on anodized Aluminum; and

[0065] FIG. 9 shows anodized aluminum coupons after 17 h of immersion test in the solutions described in Table X.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] Reference will be made below in detail to exemplary embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals used throughout the drawings refer to the same or like parts.

[0067] Exemplary Phospholipid Surfactants

[0068] The soft nanoparticle structures of the present invention can be formed using the surfactants described in Table I. The phospholipids are mild for applications in skin and hair and suitable for all types of skin while polyglyceryl fatty acid esters have been reported to be used in the cosmetic industry with concentrations of about 24% for products in the eye area and about 40% in lipstick formulations.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE I Description of phospholipid surfactants that can be used NAME INCI ACRONYM PRODUCER Ariasilk Linoleamidopropyl A-EFA CRODA Phospholipid EFA PG-dimonium Chloride Phosphate Ariasilk Cocamidopropyl A-PTC CRODA Phospholipid PTC PG-Dimonium Chloride Phosphate Ariasilk Myristamidopropyl A-PTM CRODA Phospholipid PTM PG-Dimonium Chloride Phosphate Polyaldo 10-1-CC Polyglyceryl-10 POLYALDO LONZA Caprylate/Caprate

[0069] Solubility Studies

[0070] The solubility of difficult to solubilize substances may be affected by the presence of other solutes. While the solubilities of benzoic acid and phenoxyethanol in pure water are about 0.33 and 2.6% w/w, respectively, our studies indicate that benzoic acid dissolves only about 0.13% in an aqueous solution containing 2.5% w/w of phenoxyethanol at normal conditions (25° C.). This represents a decrease in the solubility of benzoic acid of about 55%. To bring up the solubility of benzoic acid to 0.29%, in an aqueous solution containing 2.5% of phenoxyethanol, the Myristamidopropyl PG-Dimonium Chloride phosphate (Arlasilk PTM) is included in an amount of about 1.4% w/w of the entire composition. The increased mixed solubility of the solution is due to the self-assembly of the surfactant that form micelles and absorb both chemicals, benzoic acid and phenoxyethanol, partially or completely into its structures.

[0071] If needing further to increase the amount of benzoic acid in the same solution, composed of 2.5% phenoxyethanol and water, then the surfactant concentration should also be increased to avoid phase separation. The minimum surfactant amount to avoid phase separation in a micellar solution is denominated the optimum surfactant concentration, which varies with the amount of difficult to solubilize chemicals present in the aqueous micellar solution. This optimum amount is typically found by performing phase scan studies known to those skilled in the art.

[0072] When an aqueous solution of polyglyceryl ester of fatty acid (0.2%), hydrogen peroxide (0.5%), Citric acid (0.3%), mandelic acid (0.6%), benzoic acid (0.25%), phenoxyethanol (2%), magnesium nitrate (0.05%) and benzotriazole (0.15%), the optimum surfactant concentration, Arlasilk PTM, is about 1.25%, as shown in FIG. 1. If the micellar solution does not phase separate or presents a milky solution with certain variations of temperature or time, it is regarded as being physically stable.

[0073] It should be noted that having an isotropic optimum micellar solution may not guarantee stability. Similarly, it is possible that over time an isotropic solution would exhibit color change, typically, on oxidation and therefore not chemically stable. Hence, the composition(s) is/are formulated to remain stable, and/or does not react or reacts very slowly.

[0074] If in the embodiment described above all the concentrations are maintained constant except for the one of benzoic acid that is varied from 0.1 to 1% w/w, the micellar solution's optimum amount of surfactant concentration increases with increases of benzoic acid. Similarly, if in the same embodiment all the amounts are again kept the same except for the alcohol's concentration that is varied from 1.5 to 3%, the optimum surfactant concentration also increases. Both cases are depicted in FIG. 2.

[0075] Stability Studies

[0076] Besides the circumstances described above, the stability of a disinfectant product can also be affected by the evaporation of active and non-active ingredients as changes in concentration of the solution can dramatically diminish their biocide efficacy. This is indeed the case of chlorine and most alkyl alcohols of commercial use. The compositions consist of combinations of solid organic acids that range from very slightly to freely soluble in water. Some compositions may consist of liquid organic acids, which, however, have boiling points over 100° C.

[0077] Known liquid disinfectants may include surfactants. Some surfactants are known to cause Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) of polymeric materials. ESC is the most common cause of failure of thermoplastic amorphous polymers used to contain commercial products. To assess the intrinsic stability of the disinfectant solutions or their stability associated with their containers or the containers itself, packaged samples need to be stored over certain periods of time: typically, between 1 to 3 years. To facilitate the introduction and development of new products, accelerated stability methods have been established. An accepted method consists on subjecting product candidates or products at elevated temperatures over reduced periods of time and under controlled environmental conditions. The correlation between real time and the accelerated aging time is calculated using an Arrhenius type equation as established by ASTM F1980-16. For most regulatory agencies, a sample subjected to 55° C. for 15-days correlate to 1 year of real time storage conditions. Once established the optimum conditions of a specific formulation, the physical and chemical integrity of the compositions recited in this work, sealed in high-density polyethylene bottles, were evaluated at accelerated conditions of 55° C. for 15 and 30 days. The samples were removed every three days and their physical and chemical stability was assessed by titration of the active ingredient (hydrogen peroxide loss <5%), turbidity, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), conductivity and PH. The bottles were assessed by visual observation. From these evaluations, the stable optimum surfactant concentration was established while the bottles remained without ESC signs or leaks. Table II shows a typical recording of such tests where the shaded cells represent days at which the solutions were physically or chemically unstable while the non-shaded cells represent days at which the solutions remained stable and the bottles without significant structural or visual changes. From these evaluations, the technology proposed in this art produces compositions that would have a shelf life exceeding 2 years.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE II Accelerated stability test at 55° C. +−2 of different samples for 30 days, no humidity control. Formulation Time Day 9 Day 12 Day 15 Day 18 Day 21 Day 24 Day 28 Day 30 I 10:30 12 Apr. 2019 15 Apr. 2019 18 Apr. 2019 21 Apr. 2019 24 Apr. 2019 6 May 2019 9 May 2019 12 May 2019 XXXVI 10:30 13 Apr. 2019 15 Apr. 2019 18 Apr. 2019 21 Apr. 2019 24 Apr. 2019 6 May 2019 9 May 2019 12 May 2019 VII 10:30 14 Apr. 2019 15 Apr. 2019 18 Apr. 2019 21 Apr. 2019 24 Apr. 2019 6 May 2019 9 May 2019 12 May 2019 II 10:30 15 Apr. 2019 15 Apr. 2019 18 Apr. 2019 21 Apr. 2019 24 Apr. 2019 6 May 2019 9 May 2019 12 May 2019 Equivalent 1 year 2 year real time

[0078] Particle Size Characterization

[0079] The micelles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a 90Plus/Bi-mas nanoparticle size analyzer of Brookhaven instruments. Particle size variations of formulation VIII (described in Table IV) with surfactant concentration variation, from 2 to 3.25% (the rest of components remains constant), were measured. The analysis indicates formation of moderate (0.1-0.4) to broad (>0.4) polydisperse mixture of swollen micelles ranging from about 8.5 to 14 nm particle size depending on the surfactant concentration. FIG. 3 shows the effective diameter, an average of 6 measurements for each point, with varying surfactant concentrations.

[0080] Biocide Efficacy

[0081] To assess the biocide efficacy of the formulations according to the present invention, the formulations were tested using methods required by Health Canada and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These methods generally involve those developed by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), as indicated in Table III. The passing criteria as well as the testing conditions were those established by the regulatory agencies mentioned above. A summary of the test organisms, methods, reduction of microorganisms and number of carriers is presented in Table III. All the efficacy tests of this work, according to Table III, were performed at room temperature conditions.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE III Criteria and methods used to determine the efficacy of the formulations MIN LOG TEST ORGANISM TEST METHOD SOIL LOAD REDUCTION Plate count Tuberculocidal* Mycobacterium terrae ASTM E2111-12 5% (Tryptone, Bovin Serum Log 4 +0/10 ATCC 15755 Albumin, Bovine Mucin) Virucidal Poliovirus 1 ASTM E1053 5% (Fetal bovine serum) Log 3 +0/1  ATCC VR-1562 Fungicidal Trichophyton interdigitale AOAC 955.17 5% (Fetal bovine serum) Between Log +0/10 ATCC 9533 4 and Log 5 Bactericidal Staphylococcus aureus AOAC 5% (Fetal bovine serum) Log 6 +2 or 3/60 ATCC 6538 *M. terrae is the test microorganism for tuberculocidal. The last column in Table III refers to the maximum number of plates showing growth (+), after disinfection, in order to pass a test. For broad spectrum virucidal effect, a log 3 reduction is required in the USA and for Canada a log 3 is also required but with complete virus deactivation.

[0082] Tuberculocidal Efficacy

[0083] Table IV show examples compositions according to the present invention, containing hydrogen peroxide in similar amounts (0.5%), associated with tuberculocidal efficacy against M. terrae. It is observed that the use of phenoxyethanol, a sparingly soluble compound, correlates generally with better efficacy (Formulations I to III). However, higher amounts of this alcohol do not necessarily ensure that the formulations perform better than others with lower alcohol if it doesn't contain the right combination of chemicals, e.g., Formulation III compared to any from IV to VIII. It is observed that the combination of this alcohol and a slightly soluble acid, such as benzoic acid, provides tuberculocidal effects in accordance to the criteria established in Table III. i.e., 1-minute contact time, 0 positives in all the carriers and a log reduction greater than 4, as shown in formulations VI to VIII.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE IV Tuberculocidal efficacy of different examples against mycobacterium terrae Ingredient 1 II III IV V VI VII VIII Polyaldo 10-1-C (S1 Lonza) 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 A-EFA 0.7 — 2.25 — 0.7 — — — A-PTC — — — 0.85 — 2 — — A-PTM — 1.25 — — — — 0.75 2 Hydrogen Peroxide 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Citric acid — — — — — — — 0.3 Mandelic Acid — — — — — — — 0.6 dl-aspartic acid 0.5 — — — 0.5 0.5 — — dl-malic — 0.5 0.5 0.5 — — 0.7 — Lactic acid 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 — — Benzoic Acid 0.1 — — 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.18 0.25 2-phenoxyethanol 1.5 2.5 3 2 2 2.5 2 2 Sodium citrate dihydrate 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.05 Benzotriazole — 0.15 0.15 0.15 — 0.15 0.15 0.15 water 95.15 93.45 92.05 94.35 94.65 92.7 94.77 93 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Average Log reduction 0.2 2.5 3.184 5.5 5.3 6.4 5.5 5.87 Positives 10 10 10 3 1 0 0 0 pH 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.29 3.3 2.53 Contact time ( minutes) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

[0084] Virucidal Efficacy

[0085] The susceptibility of different microorganisms to different disinfectants vary depending on their structure and physiology. Their intrinsic resistance to disinfectants is traditionally classified from more to less resistant as Prions>Spores>Mycobacteria>Small Non-enveloped viruses>Fungal Spores>Gram negative bacteria>Vegetative Fungi>Large Non-enveloped Viruses>Gram Positive bacteria>Enveloped Viruses. Hence, for the same disinfection contact time, following the criteria of Table III, one would expect that a efficacious formulation against Mycobacterium strains would be more efficient or at least as efficient against Non-enveloped viruses and Fungi. However, most of the efficacious formulations against Mycobacterium Terrae, in Table II, are ineffective against Poliovirus for the same contact time (1 minute), as shown in Table V. This would suggest that the acid-alcohol effective combination for Mycobacterium strains is ineffective or not enough against such virus. Typically, very slightly soluble to sparingly soluble organic acids in water tend to have high octanol-water partition coefficient (Log P) while the soluble to freely soluble ones tend to have low Log P. Surprisingly, having the formulation scheme of Table IV as a reference, the acids-alcohol effective combination against mycobacterium plus an acid with a seemingly antagonistic behavior of having, relatively, high solubility in water and relatively high Log P such as mandelic acid and a dicarboxylic acid turns the formulation also effective against poliovirus, as shown in formulations VIII, XII and XIII. This ratio between mandelic to the complementary dicarboxylic acid shows to be efficient around 2. From formulations XV and XVIII, it is observed that the presence of a slightly soluble acid, such as benzoic acid, also increases the virucidal efficacy of the formulation. In addition, these combinations include an organic salt such as sodium citrate. It is also noticed that a higher alcohol concentration (>2%), within this framework, prevents the virucidal efficacy of the formulations, as seen in formula XX. It is also noted that increasing the PH of the solution, close to 4, also turns the solution ineffective, as observed with Formula XIX.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE V Virucidal efficacy of different examples against Poliovirus I. Inqredient IX VII X XI VIII XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX Polyaldo 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 10-1-C (S1 Lonza) A-EFA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — A-PTC — — — — — — — — — — — — — — A-PTM 2 1.25 1.25 2 2 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.5 2.25 2.25 1.75 1.75 2.75 Hydrogen 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Peroxide Lactic acid 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 — — — — — — — — — — L- — — 0.6 — — — — — — — — — — — Pyroglutamic Citric acid — — — — 0.3 — — 0.8 — — — — — 0.3 Mandelic Acid — — — 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.6 dl-aspartic 0.5 — — — — — — — — — — — — — acid dl-malic — — — — — 0.3 — — — — — — — — Glutaric — — — — — — 0.3 — 0.8 — — 0.8 0.8 — Benzoic Acid 0.1 0.18 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.18 0.18 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 2-phenoxy- 2.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 ethanol Sodium citrate 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.05 0.15 0.1 0.05 0.05 — — 0.05 0.3 0.05 dihydrate Benzotriazole 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 water 92.7 94.27 94 93.25 93.75 93.65 93.7 93.72 93.97 93.6 93.4 93.65 93.4 92.25 Total 100 100 100 100 100.25 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Log NR 0.75 1.13 2.13 4.13 3.88 3.38 2.25 1.13 1.13 1.25 2.38 0.88 0.88 reduction pH 3.3 3.29 3.19 3.29 2.52 2.86 2.87 2.63 2.94 2.47 2.395 3.08 3.85 2.62 Contact time 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (minutes)

[0086] Fungicidal Efficacy

[0087] Emerging fungal infections caused by Trichophyton interdigitale has become recently the predominant cause of dermatophytosis in humans. However, vegetative form of fungi, such as T. interdigitale, have found generally to be more resistant to biocides than nonsporulating bacteria. The intrinsic resistance of these microorganisms is due to their cell wall made of chitins, glucans and polymers, which in addition may be cross-linked. This confirmed as the fungicidal efficacy contact times were of 4 minutes or more even if the bactericidal contact times could be much shorter. Table VI shows exemplary compositions that are efficacious against T. interdigitale (a test organism for fungicidal claims in Canada and the USA) within 1-minute contact time.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE VI Fungicidal efficacy of formulations against Trichophyton interdigitale Ingredient XXXVI XXXVII Polyaldo 10-1-C (S1 Lonza) 0.2 0.2 A-PTM 2 1.5 Hydrogen Peroxide 0.5 0.5 Citric acid 0.3 0.3 Mandelic Acid 0.6 0.6 Benzoic Acid 0.25 0.25 2-phenoxyethanol 2 2 Sodium citrate dihydrate 0.05 — Magnesium nitrate — 0.05 Benzotriazole 0.15 0.15 water 93.95 94.45 Total 100 100 Log reduction 5.16 5.16 +ve 0/10 0/10 PH 2.56 2.3 Contact time (minutes) 1 1

[0088] Bactericidal Efficacy

[0089] Bacterial disinfection is generally believed to be more easily achieved than viral deactivation. However, bacteria are diverse and are among the most adaptable microorganisms. It is referred that they can, literally, be trained to become less susceptible to antibiotics and biocides; a fact that occurs with sustained environmental stress or poor disinfection practices. To overcome such eventual problems, the present disclosure provide for the regulation of the bactericidal potency by increasing the actives concentration depending on the required contact times and eventual acquired resistance of bacteria. Table VII shows exemplary compositions that allow bactericidal efficacy, against Staphylococcus aureus, within 1 minute. It should be noted that the actives in this specific example that allow such efficacy in these compositions, are either phenoxyethanol and/or hydrogen peroxide. The former poses technical limitations as it can only be incorporated in a water continuous environment, beyond certain levels, using the micellar technology. The latter present practical limitations as it can only be added in specific amounts if its stability and compatibility are controlled.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE VII Bactericidal efficacy of examples against Staphylococcus aureus Ingredient XXXVIII XXXIX Polyaldo 10-1-C (S1 Lonza) 0.2 0.65 A-PTM 1.5 3.25 Hydrogen Peroxide 0.75 0.5 Citric acid 0.3 0.3 Mandelic Acid 0.6 0.6 Benzoic Acid 0.25 0.25 2-phenoxyethanol 2 2.5 Sodium citrate dihydrate 0.05 Magnesium nitrate 0.05 Benzotriazole 0.15 0.15 water 94.2 91.75 Total 100 100 Log reduction 6.35 6.64 +ve +0/60 +0/60 PH 2.38 2.57 Contact time (minutes) 1 1

[0090] Corrosion and Anti-Corrosive Effects

[0091] Hydrogen peroxide and acids typically cause corrosion on metals depending on their nobility. The higher the metal ranks in nobility charts, the more resistant to corrosion it is. Bare aluminum is known to rank low in such tables. Hence, it is an ideal material to be used in compatibility tests as it provides compatibility reference for other materials based also on nobility charts. On the other hand, anodized aluminum is a typical material used in different tools and devices. Both materials, bare aluminum (Type A, ASTM: B209) and anodized aluminum (Type AN, ASTM: B209) obtained from Q-Labs, were tested using an emulation of the G031-72 ASTM immersion test, for 17 hours.

[0092] It is also important to note that aluminum, and most of its alloys, are vulnerable to corrosion by the attack of different acids below PHs 4.5 and beyond 8.5. Considering some formulations according to the present invention, and other commercial disinfectants, have PH's around 2, the evaluation of corrosion is of interest.

[0093] Table VIII show examples of anticorrosive formulations. Although the components of these formulations may have different synergistic effects, the following is intended to assess the anticorrosive effect on aluminum of organic and inorganic salts that also play kosmotropic effects and other roles.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE VIII Composition examples used to show the anticorrosive behavior XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV XXVI XXVII XXVIII XXIX Polyaldo 10-1-C 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 (S1 Lonza) A-PTM 2.5 2 2.35 2 2.35 2 2.35 2 2.5 3 Hydrogen Peroxide 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Citric acid 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Mandelic acid 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Benzoic acid 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.25 0.25 2-phenoxyethanol 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Sodium citrate 0.05 0.05 — — — — — — — 0.05 dihydrate Magnesium nitrate — — 0.05 0.05 — — — — — 0 Potassium citrate — — — — 0.05 0.05 — — — — Sodium chloride — — — — — — 0.05 0.05 — — Sodium benzoate — — — — — — — — 0.05 — Sodium EDTA — — — — — — — — — 0.05 Benzotriazole 0.15 — 0.15 — 0.15 0.15 — — — DI water 92.57 93.22 92.72 93.22 92.72 93.22 92.72 93.22 92.65 92.15 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 pH 2.62 2.23 2.33 1.98 2.523 1.98 2.05 1.98 2.1 2.04

[0094] Table IX and FIG. 4 show the corrosion behavior of formulations XX to XXIX, on bare aluminum compared to a hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant product used as a reference: biosanitizer S1 (BSTZ) of saniswiss. All the formulations show milder corrosion behavior compared to BSTZ. Notably, XXII is less corrosive than all the formulations, and within about an order of magnitude when compared to BSTZ. It is noted, with this formula that the combination of magnesium nitrate with benzotriazole, a known anticorrosive compound, results in enhanced anticorrosive features. In other cases, such as with formulations XX compared to XXI, XXIV compared to XXV, and XXVI compared to XXVII, inclusion of benzotriazole may not confer better anticorrosive properties when used in combination with sodium and potassium citrate, and sodium chloride. Instead, it may result a formulation that is more corrosive and therefore use of a known anticorrosive chemical may have different effects based on the other components in the formulation. Without being limited to any theory, the overall effect may depend on the electrodynamic equilibrium established between the chemicals of a specific solution and the material.

[0095] Sodium EDTA, by itself, also confers anticorrosive properties to the formulations. Based on the mentioned above, the anti-corrosive contribution of this chemical, also known as a corrosion inhibitor, to the formulations.

[0096] The anticorrosive examples shown here do not constitute the totality of the cases found in this art, other anticorrosive formulations include the use of amino acids, tree hydroxybenzoic acids, dihydro benzoic acids, gluconic acid lactone, chlorhexidine di-gluconate, di and tree carboxylic acids, used by themselves or combined with benzotriazole and/or organic and inorganic salts of calcium and magnesium.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE IX corrosion rate (CR) of different compositions of this art. CR (mmY) Formula Bare Al Anodised Al XX 0.211 0.016 XXI 0.156 0.016 XXII 0.031 0.008 XXIII 0.156 0.023 XXIV 0.179 0.023 XXV 0.146 0.008 XXVI 0.267 0.039 XXVII 0.194 0.016 XXVIII 0.196 0.047 XXIX 0.132 0.008 BSTZ 0.891 0.085

[0097] When comparing the corrosion behavior of the examples presented in this art with BSTZ, on anodized aluminum, it is observed that all the examples of this art perform better than BSTZ, as observed in Table IX and FIG. 5. Formulations XXII, XXV and XXIX stand out compared to the rest of the compositions being noticeable that in the first case the combination magnesium nitrate-benzotriazole is needed to achieve a good performance of the formulation while in the two latter cases the presence of benzotriazole doesn't enhance the performance of the two organic salts. Instead, from formulations XXIV compared to XXV and XXVI compared to XXVII, it is observed that benzotriazole deprives the anticorrosive behavior of potassium citrate and sodium chloride, respectively. The effect of benzotriazole on corrosion of anodized aluminum also presents similar features to the one observed in the previous case with bare aluminum contradicting in both cases the common believe that benzotriazole is generally an anticorrosive material.

[0098] The embodiments shown in Table X demonstrate the ability to control the corrosion behavior of acids and hydrogen peroxide. It is observed that for fixed amounts of hydrogen peroxide and acids, the combination of benzotriazole with increasing amounts of magnesium nitrate reduces the corrosion rate of the formulations, either on bare aluminum or anodized aluminum.

[0099] On bare aluminum, from Table XI and FIG. 6, it is noted that the corrosion rate of the compositions of this art are less corrosive compared to BSTZ by at least an order of magnitude. Visually, from the pictures in FIG. 7, it can be observed that BSTZ exhibit features of continuous (whitened coupons) and pitting corrosion (localized cavities in the coupon). Formulations XXX to XXXII also exhibit features of continuous corrosion which are gradually controlled as observed with Formulations XXXIII to XXXV.

[0100] Results of a similar study on anodized aluminum show that the corrosion behavior of the examples shown in this art are almost null as the corrosion rates produced by the weight difference of the coupons, before and after test, are in the order of the error of the detection capacity of the balance. The corrosion rate and appearance of the corrosion coupons subjected to this test, shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, show that all the formulations of this art perform better than BSTZ. TABLE X: Examples used to show the control of the corrosion behavior of the formulations of this art

TABLE-US-00010 XXX XXXI XXXII XXXIII XXXIV XXXV A-PTM 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 Hydrogen 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 Peroxide Citric acid 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Mandelic 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 acid Benzoic acid 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 2- 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 phenoxyethanol Mg Nitrate 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 Benzotriazole 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 DI water 92.65 92.6 92.55 92.5 92.45 92.4 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE XI Corrosion rate of examples with controlled anticorrosive behavior CR (mmY) Formulation Plain Al Anodised Al XXX 0.124 0.008 XXXI 0.094 0.008 XXXII 0.070 0.008 XXXIII 0.039 0.008 XXXIV 0.023 0.000 XXXV 0.016 0.000 BSTZ 1.232 0.085

[0101] In one embodiment, the examples disclose isotropic micellar solutions made of renewable plant-derived surfactants used in the cosmetic industry, associated to other chemicals also used as preservatives in the cosmetic and food industry, can be turned into biodegradable non-toxic intermediate level disinfectants.

[0102] In particular, the compositions contain a micelle-forming biomimetic surfactant phospholipid of the type C8-C16 alkylpropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate, phenoxyethanol as antimicrobial adjuvant, and polyglyceryl caprylate as wetting agent.

[0103] The composition is mild enough to be regarded as “preservative-free” preservative composition was turned into a fast-acting disinfecting solution against bacteria and viruses via the introduction of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, in the range of 0.01 to 2.9%, 0.01 to 2% or more of phenoxyethanol (depending on the microorganism), 0.01 to 0.25% benzoic acid, and 0.01 to 1% mandelic acids as a synergistic mixture of antimicrobial agents, as observed in Tables IV and V, VI and VII.

[0104] The examples also show the need for a virucidal adjuvant consisting of a mixture of polycarboxylic acids and their sodium or magnesium salts, including aspartic acid, citric acid, glutaric acid, malic acid,

[0105] The combination of antimicrobials with the mild preservative composition produced a disinfecting formulation effective as bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal and tuberculocidal (against M. terrae) with contact times of 1 minute. In some embodiments, the present formulation can be as effective or even more effective as known hydrogen peroxide formulations and, in some embodiments, the present formulation allows for use of less hydrogen peroxide than other known formulations to achieve the same or even greater disinfecting effects.

[0106] According to one aspect, the fungicidal and bactericidal potency of the compositions of the present disclosure can be increased by increasing actives concentration of poorly water soluble components to levels not used before.

[0107] In certain aspects, the present invention has shown that improving the bactericidal activity of a formulation, beyond specific concentration of some components, can be detrimental to the virucidal activity. This demonstration is contrary to conventional expectations which would expect that improving the efficacy of a formulation against a type of microorganism also improves the efficacy against other microorganism. This fact also shows that the compositions of the present disclosure allows one to increase the potency against specific microorganisms offering the possibility to eventually design a formulation for resistant strains of microorganisms.

[0108] The micellar solutions of this present invention constitute an alternative to achieve both due to the nature of its constituents, the amounts of actives used, and the adjustable properties that can be obtained with micelles.

[0109] In one aspect, the micellar compositions are useful as endodontic irrigants since they are biocompatible, biodegradable and are derived from raw materials that are mostly biobased. As well, the nature of micelles allows modification of the formulations to produce desirable chemical, mechanical, and biological irrigant properties, including pH, suited for this application.

[0110] Within the embodiments, micellar structures can be produced with pHs closer to physiological pH range (7.35 to 7.45) to prevent tissue damage while still having significant biocide efficacy.

[0111] In one embodiment, bactericidal potency of the endodontic irrigants compositions of the present disclosure can be increased by increasing actives concentration of poorly water soluble components to levels not used before

[0112] Within the embodiments, the endodontic irrigant compositions of the present disclosure can prevent or eliminates microorganism infection because the micellar compositions can be adjusted with desired chemical, mechanical and biocide activity while still being biocompatible due to the nature of the micellar structure components which can also act synergistically with reduced amounts.

[0113] Within the embodiments, micellar irrigants can be produced with adjusted rheological properties and wetting behavior to promote removal of necrotic tissue. Similarly, the surface tension of formulations can be adjusted so that the fluid can flow into inaccessible areas and remove debris.

[0114] Within the embodiments, micellar irrigants containing high hydrogen peroxide concentrations, around 3%, can be produced while still being noncorrosive or mildly corrosive to metallic surfaces.

[0115] All publications and patents cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication or patent were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference and are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the publications are cited. The citation of any publication is for its disclosure prior to the filing date and should not be construed as an admission that the present disclosure is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior disclosure. Further, the dates of publication provided could be different from the actual publication dates that may need to be independently confirmed.

[0116] The embodiments of the present application described above are intended to be examples only. Those of skill in the art may effect alterations, modifications and variations to the particular embodiments without departing from the intended scope of the present application. In particular, features from one or more of the above-described embodiments may be selected to create alternate embodiments comprised of a subcombination of features which may not be explicitly described above. In addition, features from one or more of the above-described embodiments may be selected and combined to create alternate embodiments comprised of a combination of features which may not be explicitly described above. Features suitable for such combinations and subcombinations would be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art upon review of the present application as a whole. Any quantities provided in the examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting on the scope of the invention. The subject matter described herein and in the recited claims intends to cover and embrace all suitable changes in technology.