Apparatus for measuring the internal gas pressure of a coke oven, associated coke oven system and method

Abstract

An apparatus (20) for measuring internal gas pressure of a coke oven (31) including a guide (24) receiving at least three pressure probes (21,22,23) each connected to a pressure sensor (61,62,63), wherein, said guide (24) has a circular cross section then forming a tubular guide (24). method (70) for manufacturing the apparatus is also provided. A coke oven (31) including at least one hole (301) through which the above apparatus (20) is inserted horizontally such that a front part of each of the three pressure probes (21,22,23) is inside the coke oven (31) and a rear part of each of the three pressure probes (21,22,23) is outside the coke oven (31).

Claims

1-13. (canceled)

14. An apparatus for measuring an internal gas pressure of a coke oven, the apparatus comprising: a guide receiving three pressure probes each extending from a rear part to a front part, and each of the three pressure probes being connected to a pressure sensor, the guide having a circular cross section defining a tubular guide receiving the three pressure probes arranged in shape of an isosceles triangle, the tubular guide being configured to receive, guide and maintain the three pressure probes, the tubular guide having two ends and the guide including two closing parts, each closing part being configured to close one of the two ends of the tubular guide, each closing part including three through-holes arranged in shape of an isosceles triangle.

15. The apparatus as recited in claim 14 wherein each of the pressure probes is longitudinally shifted with respect to one another.

16. The apparatus as recited in claim 14 wherein the closing parts are walls perforated to form the through-holes, each wall being welded to one of the two ends of the tubular guide.

17. The apparatus as recited in claim 16 wherein one of the two closing parts is a wall perforated to form the through-holes and welded to one of the two ends of the tubular guide, and wherein the other closing part is a conical piece including a tip, the conical piece being perforated to form the through-holes and having a circular periphery hermetically welded to the other end of the tubular guide such that the tip of the conical piece extends outside of the tubular guide.

18. The apparatus as recited in claim 14 further comprising at least one thermocouple inserted into at least one of the three pressure probes.

19. The apparatus as recited in claim 14 wherein a front part of each of the pressure probes includes at least two slits facing each other.

20. The apparatus as recited in claim 14 wherein a front part of each of the pressure probes includes a closed end having a conical shape.

21. The apparatus as recited in claim 14 wherein each pressure sensor is connected to a rear part of a corresponding pressure probe via at least one rubber tube.

22. A coke oven comprising: the apparatus as recited in claim 14; at least one hole, the apparatus being inserted horizontally through the at least one hole such that a front part of each of the at least three pressure probes is inside the coke oven and a rear part of each of the at least three pressure probes is outside the coke oven.

23. A system for measuring the internal gas pressure of the coke oven as recited in claim 22 comprising: at least one transmission module configured to transmit the at least one signal generated by each of the three pressure sensors; and at least one recording module configured to record the pressure signal received from the transmission module.

24. A method for manufacturing the apparatus as recited in claim 17 comprising the steps of: perforating a wall to form at least three through-holes; welding the wall to a periphery of an end of the tubular guide; perforating a conical piece, the conical piece including at least a conical wall having a circular periphery and a tip, the perforating being carried out to form at least three through-holes in the conical wall; performing an hermetical welding of the circular periphery of the conical wall of the conical piece to a periphery of another end of the tubular guide such that the tip of the conical piece extends outside of the tubular guide and such that the arrangement of the through-holes of the conical piece matches the arrangement of the through-holes of the wall; inserting the at least three probes into the tubular guide, each probe being inserted through one through-hole of the through-holes of the wall and through a through-hole of the through-holes of the conical piece matching with the one through-hole of the wall through which the probe has been inserted; and performing an hermetical welding of the probes to the conical piece.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become clear from the description that is given thereof below, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended figures, among which:

[0054] FIG. 1 shows a measure of the internal gas pressure and temperature inside an industrial coke oven with prior art triple probes design,

[0055] FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention,

[0056] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure probes of the apparatus according to the invention,

[0057] FIG. 4 is a side view of an apparatus according to the invention when inserted into a coke oven,

[0058] FIGS. 5a and 5b show a conical end of the guide of an apparatus according to the invention,

[0059] FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a system according to the invention.

[0060] FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a manufacturing method of an apparatus according to the invention.

[0061] FIG. 8 shows a measure of the internal gas pressure and temperature inside an industrial coke oven with the apparatus according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] For clarity sake, identical or similar elements are marked by identical reference signs in all figures.

[0063] FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention.

[0064] The apparatus 20 according to the invention represented in FIG. 2 comprises three pressure probes 21, 22 and 23 and a tubular guide 24.

[0065] The apparatus 20 allows to measure the internal gas pressure of a coke oven. As explained in the prior art, the main goal is to measure the maximum internal gas pressure of a charged coke oven during the heating of coal to coke in order to prevent any damage to the coke oven itself.

[0066] The apparatus 20 advantageously comprises the tubular guide 24 comprising two opposite ends 2411 and 2412, two closing parts 242 and 243 and a tubular body 241.

[0067] By “tubular” it is meant having a circular cross section with two circular open ends 2411 and 2412. The tubular shape of the guide 24 allows an easy insertion of the apparatus 20 inside a coke oven, an easy adaptation to any coke oven, and a good centring of the apparatus 20 inside the coke oven for accurate measurement. This is obtained by having a circular section, which further allows to have a specific arrangement of the probe which is advantageous for the measurement. This arrangement is further described in the following description.

[0068] When the apparatus 20 is inserted into a coke oven, the end 2422 is located inside the coke oven, as is the closing part 242.

[0069] According to this embodiment, the apparatus 20 comprises three pressure probes 21, 22 and 23. A probe is a device for measuring a physical quantity inside an environment. For example, a pressure probe is a device for measuring the pressure. In the apparatus 20 according to the invention, the pressure probes 21, 22 and 23 allow to measure the pressure inside a coke oven. Each of the three pressure probes 21, 22 and 23 measures the pressure inside the coke oven independently of the others.

[0070] Each pressure probe 21, 22 and 23 comprises a closed end respectively 212, 222 and 232 and a tubular body respectively 213, 223 and 233. Preferably, the closed ends 212, 222 and 232 are of conical shape to ease the insertion of the probes 21,22 and 23 inside the coke oven and to prevent clogging by the coal. By “conical” it is meant of the shape of a cone, such cone having a circular periphery. As mentioned previously, by “tubular” it is meant having a circular cross section. Each tubular body 213, 223 and 233 comprises two rectangular slits facing each other, respectively 211, 221 and 231. As represented in FIG. 2, the rectangular slits 211, 221 and 231 start at the closed end 212, 222 and 232 and extend on a predetermined length along the longitudinal axis of the tubular body 213, 223 and 233. For example, the rectangular slits 211, 221 and 231 can have a length along the longitudinal axis of the tubular body 213, 223 and 233 of 30 millimeters and a width of 1 millimeter. The rectangular slits 211, 221 and 231 can also be placed anywhere else on the tubular body 213, 223 and 233, as long as the rectangular slits 211, 221 and 231 are inside the coke oven and outside the tubular guide 24.

[0071] FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the probes according to the invention.

[0072] A cross-section of the probes 21, 22 and 23 in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along which the tubular body 213, 223 and 233 of FIG. 2 extends is represented in FIG. 3. The cross-section of each probe 21, 22 and 23 shown in FIG. 3 is a cross-section at half the length of each of the rectangular slits respectively 211, 221 and 231.

[0073] As disclosed above, each tubular body 213, 223 and 233 respectively of the pressure probes 21, 22 and 23 comprises two rectangular slits respectively 211, 221, 231. The slits are rectangular through-holes, facing each other. For example, as represented in FIG. 3, the two holes 211 face each other as the axis along which they extend is perpendicular to the vertical axis B. The two holes 221 face each other as the axis along which they extend is perpendicular to the vertical axis C. The two holes 231 face each other as the axis along which they extend is perpendicular to the vertical axis D. Two holes face each other if one of the holes is on one side of the tubular body and the other hole is on the other side, symmetrically with respect to the center of the circle. The rectangular slits allow to have pressure probes working as Pitot tubes to accurately measure the pressure inside the coke oven.

[0074] The probes are arranged so as to accurately measure the pressure, whatever the location of the thermal center of the coke oven. This particular arrangement is represented in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 and is made possible thanks to the closing part 242 represented in detail in FIGS. 5a and 5b.

[0075] The particular arrangement of the probes is a triangular shape formed by the three probes, an isosceles triangle. As represented in FIG. 3, two of the three pressure probes are aligned on a linear axis and the last probe is shifted from such axis and is equidistant from the two others. The two pressure probes 21 and 23 are aligned on the linear axis A. The third pressure probe 22 is shifted from the linear axis A of a predetermined distance d3. The center 224 of the pressure probe 22 is equidistant from the center 214 and 234 of the pressure probes 21 and 23, i.e. the distance d1 between the center 224 of the pressure probe 22 and the center 234 of the pressure probe 23 is equal to the distance d2 between the center 224 of the pressure probe 22 and the center 214 of the pressure probe 21. When mentioning that “the pressure probe 22 is equidistant from the pressure probes 21 and 23”, it is meant that the center 224 of the pressure probe 22 is equidistant from the center 214 and 234 of the pressure probes respectively 21 and 23. Having an arrangement of the probes 21, 22 and 23 in a triangular shape allows to have a better centering of the pressure measurement compared to prior art.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment, in a cross-sectional view of the tubular guide 24 in a plane perpendicular to the axis along which the tubular guide 24 extends, the center of the guide 24 is taken at the crossing point of the linear horizontal axis A and the linear vertical axis C of FIG. 3, that is the point 2413.

[0077] The guide 24 of the apparatus 20 according to the invention as represented in FIG. 2 allows to maintain the probes in such a triangle-shaped arrangement. To do so, the guide 24 comprises a closing part 242 having a conical shape and another closing part 243. Each of the ends 2411 and 2412 of the tubular body 241 of the tubular guide 24 comprises a mean to close said end, the mean comprising as much through-holes as there are probes 21, 22 and 23 so that the probes 21, 22 and 23 may be inserted through these through-holes. Preferably, the means to close the ends 2411 and 2412 are closing parts 242 and 243 which are welded respectively to the ends 2412 and 2411 of the tubular body 241 of the tubular guide 24. Preferably, the closing part 243 is a circular wall, but the invention also covers the embodiments where the closing part 243 is any other closing part 243 enabling to close the end 2411. The circular wall 243 comprises three through-holes, one for each pressure probe 21, 22 and 23. The closing part 242 to close the end 2412 is a conical-shaped piece represented in FIGS. 5a and 5b. The invention also covers the embodiments where the closing part 242 is a circular wall or any other closing mean of the end 2412. The advantage in using a conical-shaped piece 242 is to ease the insertion of the apparatus 20 into the coke oven and to avoid clogging by the coal.

[0078] Each closing part 242 and 243 is perforated and comprises as many holes as there are pressure probes. Preferably, the apparatus 20 comprises three pressure probes 21 to 23, but it can comprise more pressure probes than represented. In such cases, the probes are not arranged in a triangle-shape, but rather in a square shape or in a pentagon shape around the center of the guide 24 when viewing in a cross-sectional view according to a plane perpendicular to the axis along which the tubular body 241 of the tubular guide 24 extends.

[0079] The perforations are made so as to create through-holes in the closing parts 242 and 243. The through-holes made in each closing part have to match the through-holes of the other closing part. It is meant by “match” that the center of each through-hole is aligned with the center of its matching through-hole in the other closing part when the closing parts are welded to the tubular body 241 of the tubular guide 24. By doing so, the probes 21 to 23 are arranged in an isosceles triangle and the probes 21 to 23 can be inserted from one closing part 243 to the closing part 242 and protrude from the closing part 242. The pressure probes 21 to 23 protrude enough so that the rectangular slits 211, 221 and 231 are fully inside the coke oven and measure the pressure inside the coke oven and are not inside the guide 24.

[0080] FIG. 4 is a side view of an apparatus according to the invention when inserted into a coke oven.

[0081] The tubular guide 24 is configured to receive the pressure probes 21 to 23 such that the front part of the tubular body 213, 223 and 233 of each of the three pressure probes is located inside the coke oven 31 and the opposite rear part of the tubular body 213, 223 and 233 is outside the coke oven. As such, the closed end 212, 222 and 232 of each of the three pressure probes is inside the coke oven, as are each of the rectangular slits 211, 221 and 231 of the tubular bodies, and the closed end 243 is outside the coke oven 31, as are the pressure sensors (see 61, 62, 63 in Figure). connected to each of the probes 21, 22 and 23. The rectangular slits are thus located in the front part of the pressure probes 21 to 23, so are the closed ends 212, 222 and 232 of each of the three pressure probes. Preferably, the through-holes in the closing parts 242 and 243 allow the guide 24 to receive and guide the pressure probes 21 to 23 in the coke oven. Preferably again, the closing part 243 has a diameter larger than the hole in the oven door 30 to block the insertion of the apparatus 20 when a desired length of insertion is reached. This allows to have a predetermined length of insertion inside the coke oven 31 and to enhance the quality and accuracy of the pressure measurements by having a better centering.

[0082] By doing so, the rectangular slits 211, 221 and 231 are inside the coke oven 31 and the pressure sensors (see 61, 62, 63 in FIG. 6) are outside the coke oven 31, preventing thus their deterioration. The guide 24 preferably covers at least half the length of the pressure probes 21 to 23 that is located inside the coke oven, so as to prevent heat distortions of the pressure probes 21 to 23.

[0083] A hole 301 is made in the coke oven door 30 to enable the horizontal insertion of the guide 24 inside the coke oven 31 through the hole. Preferably, the hole has the same diameter as the tubular body 241 of the tubular guide 24. By “horizontal insertion” it is meant an insertion according to an axis perpendicular to the coke oven door 30, parallel to the plane along which the floor of the coke oven 31 extends when the coke oven 31 is placed on the ground, the axis extending inside the coke oven 31, when the coke oven door 30 is placed on a side of the coke oven 31.

[0084] The parts of the tubular bodies 213, 223 and 233 of each of the three pressure probes which are inside the coke oven 31 have different lengths from one another. The probes 21 to 23 are thus longitudinally shifted from one another. By doing so, any interaction between the probes in terms of heat and measurement is avoided.

[0085] The apparatus 20 also comprises pressure sensors (see 61, 62, 63 in FIG. 6), one for each pressure probe 21 to 23. Preferably, the pressure sensors are connected to the end 215,225,235 of the tubular body 213, 223, 233 of each of the probes 21 to 23 that is outside the coke oven, preferably again via rubber tubes. The pressure sensors are configured to measure a pressure and generate at least one signal as a function of said measured pressure. The apparatus 20 may also comprise at least one thermocouple to measure the temperature inside the coke oven 31.

[0086] The conical piece 242 is represented in FIGS. 5a and 5b. As represented in FIG. 5a, the conical piece 242 comprises three through-holes arranged in an isosceles triangle shape to maintain the probes in this triangle-shape arrangement. Two of the three through-holes are aligned on a linear axis A and the other through-hole of the three through-holes is shifted from the linear axis A and is equidistant from the two through-holes. The two through-holes 242a and 242c are aligned on the linear axis A. The through-hole 242c is shifted from the linear axis A of a predetermined distance d4. The center of the through-hole 242c is equidistant from the center of the through-holes 242a and 242c, that is the distance between the center of the through-hole 242c and the center of the through-hole 242a is equal to the distance between the center of the through-hole 242c and the center of the through-hole 242b. Having an arrangement of the through-holes 242a, 242b and 242c in a triangular shape allows to maintain the pressure probes 21 to 23 in a triangular shape and thus a better centering of the pressure measurement than in the prior art.

[0087] FIG. 5b shows a cross-sectional side view of the conical piece 242. The holes 242a, 242b and 242c are through-holes

[0088] As represented in FIG. 2, the conical piece 242 has a circular periphery 2422 hermetically welded at the end 2412 of the tubular body 241 of the tubular guide 24 such that the tip 2423 of the conical piece 242 is extending outside of the tubular guide 24. When inserted inside the coke oven, the tip 2423 of the conical piece 242 is the first part of the tubular guide 24 to be inserted inside the coke oven 31. This closing part 242 has a conical shape in order to prevent clogging by the coal during insertion.

[0089] Moreover, the periphery of each of the three holes of the conical piece 242 is preferably hermetically welded at the corresponding pressure probes 21 to 23 when inserted inside the guide 24. Therefore, the probes 21 to 23 cannot move inside the guide 24 and can provide accurate measurement of the pressure.

[0090] FIG. 6 represents schematically a system according to the invention.

[0091] The system 60 represented in FIG. 6 comprises at least one apparatus 20 for measuring the internal gas pressure inside a coke oven, at least one pressure sensor 61, 62 and 63 per pressure probe 21 to 23 of the apparatus 20, at least one transmission module 64 to transmit the pressure signal generated by the pressure sensors 61 to 63 in response to the pressure measured by the pressure sensors 61 to 63, and at least one recorder 65. The recorder 65 is configured to store the signal, for example by storing it in a database for later use. The recorder 65 can optionally be connected to a display 651 to display in real time or in delayed time the internal gas pressure measurements. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission module 64 permits to transmit wirelessly the pressure data, for example using known wireless protocols such as Wifi®, Bluetooth®, LoRa® or any other known wireless protocol. The transmission can also be wired. Although not illustrated, a thermocouple is inserted inside each probe 21 to 23 for measuring the temperature.

[0092] The invention also concerns a method for manufacturing the apparatus 20 according to the invention.

[0093] FIG. 7 represents schematically a method for manufacturing the apparatus 20 according to the invention.

[0094] The method 70 represented in FIG. 7 comprises a step 71 of perforating a wall to form three through-holes wherein two of the three through-holes are aligned on a linear axis and the third through-hole is shifted from said axis and is equidistant from the two other through-holes. This step enables to create the closed end 243 that will be welded on an end of the tubular guide 24 in a further step of the method 70. The perforated wall can be of any shape or form, preferably it is a circular wall. The wall 243 can also be squared, or of any other shape that enables to close the tubular guide 24 while enabling to stop its insertion inside the coke oven 31 when inserted of a predetermined length.

[0095] Another step 72 of the method 70 comprises welding the wall 243 to a periphery of an end of the tubular guide 24. Thus, the wall 243 can act as a support and guide for the probes thanks to its through-holes perforated at step 71, as well as a stop to stop the insertion of the guide 24 inside the coke oven when inserted on a predetermined length.

[0096] The method 70 further comprises a step 73 of perforating a conical piece 242, the conical piece 242 comprising at least a conical wall having a circular periphery 2422, the perforating being carried out to form three through-holes 242a, 242b and 242c in the conical wall wherein two of the three through-holes are aligned on a linear axis and the other through-hole of the three through-holes is shifted from the linear axis and is equidistant from the two through-holes. This step enables to create the other closed end 242 that will be welded on the other end of the tubular guide 24 in a future step of the method 70.

[0097] The method 70 further comprises a step 74 of performing an hermetical welding of the periphery 2422 of the conical wall of the conical piece 242 to a periphery of the other end 2412 of the tubular guide 24 such that the tip 2423 of the conical piece 242 is extending outside of the tubular guide 24 and such that the arrangement of the through-holes of the conical piece 242 matches the arrangement of the through-holes of the wall 243. As explained before, the term “matches” means the two shapes formed by the arrangement of the through-holes of each closing part 242 and 243 are aligned and that the center of each through-hole is aligned with its corresponding hole. This permits to insert the pressure probes 21, 22 and 23 and to maintain the pressure probes inside the guide 24 in a particular shape with only two support points: the two closing parts 242 and 243. Preferably again, the shape formed by the through-holes and then by the pressure probes 21 to 23 when inserted is an isosceles triangle, for a better centering of the pressure measurements.

[0098] The method 70 further comprises a step 75 of inserting the three probes 21 to 23 into the tubular guide 24, each probe being inserted through a through-hole of the wall 242 and through the through-hole of the conical piece 243 matching with the through-hole of the wall 242 in which the probe has been inserted. As explained before, this enables the tubular guide 24 to receive the pressure probes 21 to 23, maintain them in a particular arrangement, and guide them to the inside of the coke oven 31.

[0099] Finally, the method 70 further comprises a step 75 of performing an hermetical welding of the probes 21 to 23 to the conical piece 242, in order to maintain the probes so that the pressure measurement is not impacted by a movement of the probes.

[0100] FIG. 8 shows a measure of the internal gas pressure and temperature inside an industrial coke oven with the apparatus according to the invention.

[0101] Thanks to the invention, the pressure curves overlap. That is the result of a good centering of the pressure probes 21 to 23 inside the coke oven 31. There is therefore only one pressure peak 71 that is higher than when measuring the pressure with the state-of-the-art triple probes design, then illustrating the effective centering of the probes. In such a case, the present invention detects a potential risk for the coke oven while the prior art triple probes design did not detect critical pressure levels.

[0102] Moreover, the temperature curve 72 does not show the two inflexion points as in the prior art, then also illustrating the centering of the probes. The pressure measurements with the apparatus 20 according to the invention are thus more accurate, making it possible to prevent oven wall damages due to high internal gas pressure.