Abstract
A single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis includes a substantially cylindrical main part which can be inserted into a bore in a jaw bone; an abutment which can be inserted into an annular recess in the main part, the abutment having a bore for receiving a retaining screw and a securing head for the dental prosthesis; and a retaining screw which can be inserted into the blind hole of the main part and traverses the abutment; and at least one annular gap between the abutment and the main part, in which gap a damping element is arranged.
Claims
1. Enossal single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis, having a substantially cylindrical main body that can be inserted into a bore drilled in a jaw bone, having an annular recess and a bore arranged coaxially to the annular recess, which comprises a thread for fixing a retaining screw, wherein the annular recess comprises an apical guide section, a form-fitting section and a coronal end section, an abutment that can be inserted into the recess of the main body, having a bore for receiving the retaining screw and a mounting head for the dental prosthesis, wherein the abutment comprises an apical guide section, a form-fitting section and a coronal end section and a retaining screw, which can be inserted into the bore of the main body and traverses the abutment, and a damping element in the form of a sleeve, wherein the coronal end sections of the abutment and the main body are radially spaced apart and designed such that after insertion of the abutment into the main body, an annular gap, extending over the entire axial length of the coronal end sections, is formed between the abutment and the main body for receiving the damping element, wherein the form-fitting section of the main body and the form-fitting section of the abutment comprise form-fitting elements which are complementary to each other, and are brought into engagement with each other when inserting the abutment into the main body.
2. Enossal single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the coronal end sections of the abutment and the main body are designed cylindrical, wherein, after inserting the abutment in the main body, an annular gap, preferably extending over the entire axial length of the coronal end sections, is formed between the abutment and the main body for receiving the damping element.
3. Enossal single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the coronal end sections of the abutment and main body are designed conically, such that after insertion of the abutment in the main body, an annular gap, preferably extending over the entire axial length of the coronal end sections, is formed between the abutment and the main body for receiving the damping element, wherein the cone angle of the coronal end section of the abutment is less than or equal to the cone angle of the coronal end section of the main body.
4. Enossal single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the form-fitting sections of the abutment and main body are designed cylindrical, conical or dome-like and complementary to each other.
5. Enossal single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis according to claim 3 wherein the form-fitting section and the coronal end section on the main body are equiradial to each other in the transition region and the form-fitting section and the coronal end section on the abutment are equiradial to each other in the transition region.
6. Enossal single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the form-fitting sections of the abutment and the main body are designed such that after insertion of the abutment in the main body, an annular gap, preferably extending over the entire axial length of the form-fitting sections, is formed between the abutment and the main body.
7. Enossal single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the damping element is designed in the form of a profiled sleeve.
8. Enossal single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis according to claim 1, having a second damping element wherein the apical guide sections of the abutment and the main body are designed such that after insertion of the abutment in the main body, an annular gap, preferably extending over the entire axial length of the apical guide sections, is formed between the abutment and the main body for receiving the second damping element, wherein the second damping element is designed in the form of a profiled sleeve.
9. Enossal single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis according to claim 8, in which the apical guide sections of the abutment and the main body are cylindrical or conical.
10. Enossal single tooth implant for a fixed dental prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein a collar of the abutment facing the main body, said collar being arranged above the coronal end section of the abutment, is swivel-ring shaped and is supported on a spherical-segment-ring shaped front edge of the main body.
11. Enossal single tooth implant according to claim 1, wherein the mutually complementary form-fitting elements of the form-fitting sections of the abutment and main body are designed in the form of at least one male-part to female-part connection between the main body and abutment.
12. Enossal single tooth implant according to claim 11, in which the respective male part is arranged on the main body as a form-fitting element and the corresponding mother part is arranged on the abutment as a form-fitting element.
13. Enossal single tooth implant according to claim 11, in which the respective male-part to female-part connection is formed by the fact that at least one spring bar extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main body is arranged on the main body and engages with a corresponding groove on the abutment in a manner secured against rotation.
14. Enossal single tooth implant according to claim 1, wherein in addition to the mutually complementary form-fitting elements, at least one, preferably two to six, screw-in elements acting in the circumferential direction is/are provided, for the engagement of a screwing-in tool in the guide section or preferably in the form-fitting section.
15. Enossal single tooth implant according to claim 14, in which two to six screw-in elements acting in the circumferential direction and the mutually complementary form-fitting elements are arranged alternately in the form-fitting section.
16. Enossal single tooth implant according to claim 1, wherein the mutually complementary form-fitting elements have, with respect to the circumferences of the main body and the abutment, angular divisions matching to each other.
17. Enossal single tooth implant according to claim 1, wherein the number of the female-part form-fitting elements is greater than that of the male-part form-fitting elements.
Description
[0066] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the single tooth implant according to the invention and its components are described in detail by reference to the schematic drawings. These show:
[0067] FIG. 1 an exemplary embodiment of a main body of an implant according to the invention in an axial longitudinal section along the plane shown on the right in plan view;
[0068] FIG. 2 an exemplary embodiment of an abutment of an implant according to the invention in an axial longitudinal section along the plane shown on the right in plan view, which can be inserted into the main body shown in FIG. 1;
[0069] FIGS. 3-5 further exemplary embodiments of an enossal single tooth implant according to the invention in axial longitudinal section along the plane shown on the right in plan view;
[0070] FIG. 6 a detail view taken from FIG. 5 in the axial longitudinal section in plan view,
[0071] FIG. 7 a further exemplary embodiment of an enossal single tooth implant according to the invention having a corrugated sleeve in an axial longitudinal section in the central area, and on the right in plan view.
[0072] FIG. 8 a further exemplary embodiment of an enossal single tooth implant according to the invention in axial longitudinal section along the plane shown on the right in plan view having a conical form-fitting section;
[0073] FIG. 9 a further exemplary embodiment of an enossal single tooth implant according to the invention in axial longitudinal section along the plane shown on the right in plan view having a conical form-fitting section and a further apical damping element;
[0074] As FIG. 1 shows, the exemplary embodiment shown there comprises a main body 10, which is closed at its apical end shown at the bottom of FIG. 1, and a blind hole 12 which is open at its coronal end, located at the top of FIG. 1, with a female thread 14. Into the female thread a retaining screw, not drawn in FIG. 1, can be screwed. The female thread 14 of the main body 10 is connected in the coronal direction to a hollow cylindrical annular recess 16 with a larger inside diameter compared to the female thread 14. The annular recess 16 in the form described comprises three regions (18; 20; 22).
[0075] The annular recess 16 comprises a guide section 18, which joins coronally to the female thread 14. The guide section 18 of the annular recess 16 connects in the coronal direction to a form-fitting section 20, which has an inside diameter that increases in the coronal direction compared to the guide section 18, and comprises a cylindrical inner wall having form-fitting elements, not shown in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, in the form of, for example, three radially inward-facing spring bars. The spring bars are designed to correspond to form-fitting grooves on the abutment, not shown in FIG. 2, in the manner of a tongue and groove connection and can be dimensioned in such a way that they extend over the entire axial length of the form-fitting section 20. These spring bars can be formed from the main body by machining. It is, however, also possible advantageously to design the spring bars by the fact that pins are held in the form-fitting section in axial retaining groove holes evenly distributed over the circumference. Each of the pins with a cross-section matched to the retaining groove hole, for example as a cylindrical pin, can be plugged into the retaining groove hole in the wall of the form-fitting section 20 and held by the retaining groove partially radially enclosed in the form-fitting section 20, in such a way that a radially inward-facing spring bar, which corresponds to the form-fitting groove of the abutment 50 according to FIG. 2, is formed. This enables, already during insertion of the abutment 50 into the main body 10, guiding of the abutment through the guide section 18 between the spring bars, preferably three or four spring bars equidistantly distributed over the circumference.
[0076] In the form-fitting section 20 the main body 10 is connected in the coronal direction to an end section 22, cylindrical in this embodiment, having a coronal front edge 24. The end section 22 has an inner wall corresponding to the outer diameter of the end section 58 of the abutment 50 in accordance with FIG. 2, wherein a gap is formed for receiving a damping element 60 in the form of a ring, or preferably a sleeve. The damping element can be secured against slipping on the abutment 50 shown in FIG. 2 via one or a plurality of fixing elements, such as a circumferential triangular collar or beading 64. The main body 10 in the region of the front edge 24 can be larger in diameter than the collar 52 provided on the abutment 50, and for example, the diameters of the main body 10 and abutment 50 in the transition region can be of the same size. The collar 52 on the abutment thus limits the axial displaceability of the damping element (here a sleeve) 60. Abutment 50 is used for fixing a fixed dental prosthesis, not shown, via the mounting head 66. Accordingly, at the coronal end of the abutment 50 a mounting head 66 is provided, having components for mounting a dental crown that are not shown.
[0077] In the form-fitting section 20, three or more recesses or internal triangular faces, not shown in FIG. 1, are provided as screw-in elements, into which the corresponding noses or external three-sided (or more) faces on the screwing-in tool can engage during the process of screwing the main body 10 into the jaw.
[0078] The main body 10 and the abutment 50 shown in FIG. 2 can be produced in a simple manner by machining of blanks. Advantageously for this process is in particular the design of the spring bars as cylindrical pins (not shown), arranged in each case in a retaining groove hole in the form-fitting section 20 of the main body 10. Thus before forming the form-fitting section, holes can be bored coaxially to the blind hole 12 into the walls in the guide section 18 of the main body 10, and during milling of the form-fitting section 20 with a bevel cutter, can be formed in the form-fitting section 20 and in the wall as retaining groove holes. Correspondingly, the grooves can be formed on the abutment.
[0079] Even though the use of cylindrical pins is advantageous from a manufacturing point of view, it is also possible to use pins with a regular or irregular polygonal cross-section and a retaining groove hole with an appropriately matched cross-section and matched form-fitting groove.
[0080] During insertion of the abutment 50 shown in FIG. 2, which is provided with an axial longitudinal bore whose inner diameter is approximately equal to the outer diameter of the retaining screw, not shown in FIG. 1, in the main body 10, the guide section 54 engages with the guide section 18 of the annular recess 16, wherein the smooth cylindrical outer surface of the of the guide section 54 comes to rest on the cylindrical inner surface of the guide section 18 of the main body 10.
[0081] By means of the retaining screw, not shown in FIG. 1, which penetrates the abutment 50 shown in FIG. 2, and which can be screwed into the female thread 14 of the main body 10, the abutment can be rigidly connected to the main body 10. In order to facilitate the removal of the abutment 50 from the main body 10, in the bore penetrating the abutment a female thread, not shown in FIG. 1, can be provided, into which after removal of the retaining screw an impression post, not shown, with a male thread can be screwed, which is supported with its apical end on the female thread 14 of the main body. When screwing in the impression post, the abutment 50 is then lifted out of the main body 10 coronally and can be removed.
[0082] Depending on the division or sub-division ratio of the main body 10 or the abutment 50, the abutment 50 can be inserted in the main body 10 in different rotary positions, for example in a DEG division of 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120° or 180°, which provides the treating dentist with a number of configuration options. The number of preferred abutment form-fitting elements used is greater than that of the main body form-fitting elements. Thus configurations of two pins as form-fitting elements in the main body 10 and two, four, six, eight, ten or twelve form-fitting grooves as form-fitting elements on the abutment 50, or in particular of three pins in the main body 10 and three, six, nine or twelve form-fitting grooves on the abutment 50, are advantageous. In the context of the invention, instead of an abutment for a single tooth implant a prosthetic structure element is also encompassed, which can be blocked, for example, with another prosthetic structure element in an adjacent main body in the jaw or can bridge an interdental gap to another prosthetic structure element in the jaw by means of a bridge element, as long as the design according to the invention makes use of at least one damping element as described above.
[0083] The embodiment of the implant according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 is almost identical in design to the embodiment of main body 10 and abutment 50 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, except that the end section 22 on the main body 10 and the end section 58 on the abutment are conical, and implemented as a hollow frustum on the main body 10 and as a solid frustum on the abutment 50. The sleeve arranged between main body 10 and abutment 50 in the coronal end section (22;58) has a constant thickness over the axial length and thus a roughly trapezoidal cross section in a longitudinal section.
[0084] The embodiment of the implant according to the invention shown in FIG. 4 is almost identical in design to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, wherein the end section 22 on the main body 10 and the end section 58 on the abutment are both conical, and implemented as a hollow frustum on the main body 10 and as a solid frustum on the abutment 50. In the coronal end section (22;58) the cone angle on the main body 10 can be equal to or, as shown, greater than the cone angle on the abutment 50, so that the sleeve arranged between main body 10 and abutment 50 in the coronal end section (22; 58) has a coronally increasing thickness over the axial length, and thus an approximately wedge-shaped cross section. This embodiment according to FIG. 3 allows an improved dissipation of the lateral forces acting on the dental crown from the area of the face edge 24 onto the main body 10.
[0085] The embodiment of the implant according to the invention shown in FIG. 5 uses a main body 10 similar to the embodiment of the main body shown in FIG. 2, except that the sleeve 60 arranged between end section 22 on the main body 10 and end section 58 on the abutment 50 comprises a cross-sectional profile shown in the detail view of FIG. 6 with recess and profiling sections. In addition, in this embodiment, radially at least partially overlapping, the front edge 24 of the main body 10 and the collar 52 of the abutment overlap, wherein said collar is arranged above the coronal end section 58 of the abutment 50 and is conical or swivel-ring-shaped and can be supported on the spherical-segment-ring-like front edge 24 of the main body. This means that, under the action of lateral forces and an axial flexing of the abutment, the abutment can be supported on the main body in an inclined position and after the force is removed is able to spring back into the normal position.
[0086] In the detail view of the embodiment of the implant according to the invention shown in FIG. 6, the detail view shows in the area of the end section (22; 58) the spherical-segment-ring-like design of the front edge 24 of the main body 10 that abuts against the collar 52 of the abutment 50, which is designed as a spherical segment-ring, and thus facilitates the cervical mobility of abutment 50 with respect to main body 10. In the end section 58 on the abutment 50, the sleeve 60 is arranged, which has a cross-sectional profile shown in the detail view with recesses and profiled sections and is secured against slipping when extracting the abutment 50 via the triangular collar/beading 64. The retaining screw, not shown in FIG. 6, comes to rest on the bearing collar 62 if the main body 10 and abutment 50 are fixed to each other by screwing the retaining screw into the female thread 14.
[0087] The schematic sectional view of an implant according to the invention shown in FIG. 7 shows the corrugated sleeve arranged in a groove section on the abutment 50 as a damping element 60, which is arranged in the annular gap between the abutment 50 and main body 10. The ingress of fluid into the annular gap between the main body 10 and abutment 50 can be prevented by means of the sealing ring 68. The protection against slippage 64 in the form of a circumferential elevation/collar/beading can prevent slipping of the corrugated sleeve provided as a damping element 60 during extraction of the abutment 50 from the main body 10. The corrugated sleeve 60 is preferably axial shorter than the end section, in order to facilitate the axial extension (elongation) of the corrugated sleeve under lateral stress.
[0088] The embodiment of the implant according to the invention shown in FIG. 8 uses a main body 10 similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, except that the form-fitting section 20 on the main body 10 and the form-fitting section 56 on the abutment 50 each have matching conical shapes, in which form-fitting elements are arranged which can be brought into engagement with each other during insertion of the abutment 50 into the main body 10. In addition, in the form-fitting region 20 on the main body 10, the aforementioned screw-in elements can be provided in the form of recesses and/or internal polygonal surfaces, in particular two to six screw-in elements and preferably arranged alternately with the form-fitting elements, which allow the main body 10 to be screwed into the jaw with a dental tool having a tool head similar to an
[0089] Allen key. In addition, if desired, in this embodiment, radially at least partially overlapping, the front edge 24 of the main body 10 and the collar 52 of the abutment can overlap, wherein said collar is arranged above the coronal end section 58 of the abutment 50 and is conical or swivel-ring-shaped and can be supported on the spherical-segment-ring-like front edge 24 of the main body. This means that, under the action of lateral forces, the abutment can be supported on the main body in an inclined position and after the force is removed, is able to spring back into the normal position in a rod-like manner.
[0090] The embodiment of the implant according to the invention shown in FIG. 9 comprises a form-fitting section 20 on the main body 10, similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, and a form-fitting section 56 on the abutment 50, each having matching conical shapes, wherein form-fitting elements are arranged in the form-fitting sections, which elements can be brought into engagement with each other during insertion of the abutment 50 into the main body 10. The conical form-fitting section can be designed in the shape of a spherical-segment ring on the main body and swivel-ring-shaped on the abutment, wherein the abutment 50 is supported on the spherical segment on the main body 10 via the swivel ring and can support the oscillatory motion. In addition, the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 comprises a further (apical) damping element 70, which is arranged in a gap between the guide section of the abutment and main body and is arranged either on the guide section of the abutment (preferred) or in the hollow cylindrical guide section of the main body. Thus, during insertion of the abutment 50 this damping element can be used for guiding into the main body 10, and on the other hand when the retaining screw 72 is fixed in place, to exercise the damping function during the chewing process. In this embodiment also, in the form-fitting region 20 on the main body 20, screw-in elements can be provided in the form of recesses and/or internal polygonal surfaces, in particular two to six screw-in elements, and preferably arranged alternately with the form-fitting elements, which allow the main body 10 to be screwed into the jaw with a dental tool having a tool head similar to an Allen key. In addition, in this embodiment if desired, radially at least partially overlapping, the front edge 24 of the main body 10 and the collar 52 of the abutment can overlap, wherein said collar is arranged above the coronal end section 58 of the abutment 50 and is conical or swivel-ring-shaped and can be supported on the spherical-segment-ring-like front edge 24 of the main body. This means that, under the action of lateral forces and a bending of the retaining screw of the abutment, the abutment can be supported on the main body in an inclined position and after the force is removed the retaining screw (and therefore the abutment) springs back into the normal position in a rod-like manner. This movement is indicated in FIG. 9 by the arrows to the right and left of the longitudinal axis line and is present in all embodiments according to the invention.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0091] 10 main body [0092] 12 bore [0093] 14 female thread [0094] 16 annular recess [0095] 18 guide section [0096] 20 form-fitting section [0097] 22 end section [0098] 24 front edge [0099] 50 abutment [0100] 52 collar [0101] 54 guide section [0102] 56 form-fitting section [0103] 58 end section [0104] 60 damping element (coronal) [0105] 62 bearing collar of the retaining screw [0106] 64 anti-slip protection [0107] 66 mounting head [0108] 68 sealing ring [0109] 70 damping element (apical) [0110] 72 retaining screw
