Preparative method for carboxylic acids

Abstract

A preparative method for carboxylic acids is disclosed in the present invention. The method is characterized in that: compounds (II) are reacted in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and base to produce target products (I), as represented by the following reaction scheme: wherein R.sup.1 is aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, thiadiazolyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl and hydrogen; R.sup.2 is alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiolcarbonyl, cyano, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, carbonyl, aldehyde, carboxyl, nitro, alkyl and hydrogen; R.sup.3 is alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl amido carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, cyano, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and nitro. The present invention has the following main benefits: cheap and readily available starting materials, safe processes, high yield, good quality, which facilitates industrial production.

Claims

1. A preparative method for carboxylic acids, wherein compounds (II) are reacted in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and base to produce target products (I), as represented by the following reaction scheme: ##STR00005## wherein R.sup.1 is an aryl, a pyridyl, a pyrimidyl, a pyridazinyl, a pyrazinyl, a benzothienyl, a benzofuranyl, a quinolinyl, an isoquinolinyl, a thiadiazolyl, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, a C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl, a C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, a C.sub.2-6 alkynyl and a hydrogen; R.sup.2 is an alkoxycarbonyl, an alkylaminocarbonyl, an aminocarbonyl, an alkylthiolcarbonyl, a cyano, a sulfonyl, a sulfinyl, a carbonyl, an aldehyde, a carboxyl, a nitro, an alkyl and a hydrogen; R.sup.3 is an alkoxycarbonyl, an alkyl amido carbonyl, an aminocarbonyl, a cyano, a sulfonyl, a sulfinyl, a carbonyl, a carboxyl and a nitro.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the R.sup.1 is the aryl and the pyridyl; the R.sup.2 is the alkoxycarbonyl, an alkylaminocarbonyl, the aminocarbonyl and the cyano; R.sup.3 is the cyano and the alkoxycarbonyl.

3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the R.sup.1 is a C.sub.6-C.sub.10 aryl and the pyridyl; the R.sup.2 is the alkoxycarbonyl and the aminocarbonyl; the R.sup.3 is cyano.

4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the R.sup.1 is the aryl and the pyridyl which are substituted by an ortho electron-withdrawing group; the R.sup.2 is alkoxycarbonyl.

5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein compounds (II) are further ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, ethyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate, ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, methyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate, methyl 2-cyano-2-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, isopropyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, isopropyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate, isopropyl 2-cyano-2-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide, 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide, 2-cyano-2-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide.

6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the base comprises an inorganic base and an organic base; a molar ratio of the base and compounds (II) is 1:1-3:1.

7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the inorganic base is an alkali metal carbonates, an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline-earth metal carbonate, an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, an alkali metal acetate, an alkali metal formate, an alkali metal alkoxide; the organic base is a quaternaryammoniumhydroxide, quaternary phosphonium hydroxide and an organic amine.

8. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein the inorganic base is further a potassium carbonate, a sodium hydroxide and a potassium hydroxide.

9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the reaction takes place in a solvent, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, DMF(dimethylformamide), NMP(N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone), DMSO(Dimethyl sulfoxide), methanol, an ethanol, an acetonitrile and a THF (Tetrahydrofuran).

10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the hydrogen peroxide and the compounds (II) is 2:1-5:1; the temperature of oxidation reaction is 0-60 ° C. .

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0022] A preparative method for carboxylic acids, wherein compounds (II) are reacted in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and base to produce target products (I), as represented by the following reaction scheme:

##STR00003##

[0023] wherein R.sup.1 is aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, thiadiazolyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl and hydrogen; R.sup.2 is alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiolcarbonyl, cyano, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, carbonyl, aldehyde, carboxyl, nitro, alkyl and hydrogen; R.sup.3 is alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, cyano, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and nitro. R.sup.1 is optimally aryl and pyridyl; R.sup.2 is optimally alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl and cyano; R.sup.3 is optimally cyano and alkoxycarbonyl. R.sup.1 is optimally C.sub.6-C.sub.10 aryl and pyridyl; R.sup.2 is optimally alkoxycarbonyl and aminocarbonyl; R.sup.3 is optimally cyano. R.sup.1 is optimally aryl and pyridyl which are substituted by ortho electron-withdrawing group; R.sup.2 is optimally alkoxycarbonyl. Compounds (II) are further optimally ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, ethyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate, ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, methyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, methyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate, methyl 2-cyano-2-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, isopropyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, isopropyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate, isopropyl 2-cyano-2-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate, 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide, 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide, 2-cyano-2-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide.

[0024] The base comprises inorganic base and organic base; the molar ratio of the base and compounds (II) is optimally 1:1-3:1, wherein the inorganic base is optimally alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal carbonate, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal acetate, alkali metal formate, alkali metal alkoxide; the organic base is optimally quaternary ammonium hydroxide, quaternary phosphonium hydroxide and organic amine. Wherein the inorganic base is further optimally potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The oxidation reaction solvent is water or water-soluble organic solvent. The oxidation reaction solvent is further optimally selected from the group consisting of water, DMF (dimethylformamide), NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile and THF (tetrahydrofuran). The molar ratio of the base and compounds (II) is 1:1-4:1. The molar ratio of the base and compounds (II) is further optimally 1:1-3:1. The molar ratio of the oxidation agent and compounds (II) is optimally 2:1-8:1. The molar ratio of the oxidation agent and compounds (II) is further optimally 2:1-5:1. The temperature required by the oxidation reaction is optimally −20-80° C. ; the temperature required by the oxidation reaction is further optimally 0-60° C. The reaction product is in carboxylate form. An acid is required for the acidification during the workup. After usual workup, carboxylic acid compound is obtained.

[0025] Compounds (II) can be conveniently obtained, prepared with a number of conventional methods. For example, compounds (II) are produced by reaction of compounds (III) and compounds (IV) in the presence of base:

##STR00004##

[0026] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined as the same as the defination for compounds (II). X is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, nitro, methanesulfonyl and methanesulfinyl.

[0027] The base comprises inorganic base and organic base. The base is optimally alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal carbonate, alkaline earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal acetate, alkali metal formate, alkali metal alkoxide, quaternary ammonium hydroxide, quaternary phosphonium hydroxide. The base is further optimally selected from a group consisting of potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium methoxide, tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide and sodium acetate. The base is further optimally potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide. The molar ratio of the base and compounds (II) is optimally 1:1-5:1. The molar ratio of the base and compounds (II) is further optimally 1:1-2.5:1.

[0028] Compounds (II) can also be prepared by a metal catalyzed coupling reaction.

[0029] The following embodiments are used to further illustrate some features of the present invention, they should not be considered to be limitations to the claims of the present invention.

EMBODIMENT 1

Preparation of 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid.

[0030] To a 100 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 10 g 3-nitro-4-(nitromethyl)trifluorotoluene, 11 g potassium carbonate and 40 g DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). The mixture was stirred and heated to 70° C. 16 g hydrogen peroxide (30%) was added dropwise. The reaction was continued for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled, diluted with a certain amount of water, acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered by vacuum suction, washed with water, dried to produce 8.3 g 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid as a solid in 88% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(DMSO-d.sub.6): 14.39(br, 1H), 8.46(s, 1H), 8.21(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.09(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H).

EMBODIMENT 2:

Preparation of 2-nitro-4-methanesulfonylbenzoic acid.

[0031] To a 1000 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 100 g diethyl 2-nitro-4-methanesulfonylphenyl malonate, 30 g sodium hydroxide and 500 g DMF. The mixture was stirred and heated to 80° C. 105 g hydrogen peroxide (30%) was added dropwise. The reaction was continued for 2 hours. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled, diluted with a certain amount of water, acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered by vacuum suction, washed with water, dried to produce 62.4 g 2-nitro-4-methanesulfonylbenzoic acid as a solid in 88% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(DMSO-d.sub.6): 14.42(br, 1H), 8.53(d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.33(dd, J.sub.1=1.6 Hz J.sub.2=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H).

EMBODIMENT 3:

Preparation of 2-nitro-4-methanesulfonylbenzoic acid.

[0032] To a 1000 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 143 g methyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate, 60 g potassium hydroxide and 500 g water. The mixture was stirred and heated to 40° C. 200 g hydrogen peroxide (30%) was added dropwise. The reaction was continued for 2 hours. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled, acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered by vacuum suction, washed with water, dried to produce 114 g 2-nitro-4-methanesulfonyl benzoic acid as a solid in 97% yield.

EMBODIMENT 4:

Preparation of a 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid.

[0033] To a 1000 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 131 g 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide, 65 g potassium hydroxide and 400 g water. The mixture was stirred and heated to 70° C. 210 g hydrogen peroxide (30%) was added dropwise. The reaction was continued for 2 hours. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled, acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered by vacuum suction, washed with water, dried to produce 107.5 g 2-nitro-4-methanesulfonyl benzoic acid as a solid in 95% yield.

EMBODIMENT 5:

Preparation of 3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid

[0034] To a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 29.5 g ethyl 2-cyano-2-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)acetate, 20 g sodium acetate and 150 g water.

[0035] The mixture was stirred and heated to 60° C. 25 g hydrogen peroxide (30%) was added dropwise. The reacting was continued for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled down, acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered by vacuum suction, washed with water, dried to produce 22.3 g 3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid as a solid in 98% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(CDCl.sub.3):14.30(brJH), 8.61(s,1H).

EMBODIMENT 6:

Preparation of 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)picolinic acid.

[0036] To a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 29.5 g ethyl 2-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-cyanoacetate, 15 g sodium hydroxide and 200 g water. The mixture was stirred and heated to 30° C. 30 g hydrogen peroxide (30%) was added dropwise. The reacting was continued for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled down, acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered by vacuum suction, washed with water, dried to produce 22.5 g 3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)picolinic acid as a solid in 99% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(CDCl.sub.3):14.40(br, 1H), 9.01(s, 1H), 8.65(s, 1H).

EMBODIMENT 7:

Preparation of acetic acid

[0037] To a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 29.8 g methyl 2-cyanopropanoate, 28 g sodium ethoxide and 200 g ethanol. The mixture was stirred and cooled to 0° C. 27 g hydrogen peroxide (50%) was added dropwise. The reaction was continued for 2 hours. After the reaction was complete, ethanol and water were distilled out. A certain amount of concentrated sulfuric acid was added and 11.5 g acetic acid was distilled out, and collected in 95% yield.

EMBODIMENT 8:

Preparation of diethyl 2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)malonate

[0038] To a 1000 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 350 g DMF, 190 g potassium carbonate, 120 g sodium hydroxide and 200 g diethyl malonate.

[0039] 150 g 1-chloro-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene was added while the reaction temperature was controlled at 45° C. After addition, the reaction was continued for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was removed. Water was added. The mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered, washed with water, dried to produce 227 g diethyl 2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)malonate in 98% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(CDCl.sub.3): 8.33(s, 1H), 7.91(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.34(s, 1H), 4.30 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 4H), 1.30 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 6H).

EMBODIMENT 9:

Preparation of 2-nitro-1-(nitromethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene

[0040] To a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 220 g NMP, 46 g sodium hydroxide and 35 g nitromethane. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 5° C. 100 g 1-chloro-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene was added slowly while the reaction temperature was controlled at 5° C. After addition, the reaction was continued for 2 hours. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was removed. Water was added. The mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered, washed with water, dried to produce 107 g 2-nitro-1-(nitromethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene in 98% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(CDCl.sub.3):8.55(s, 1H), 8.03(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.91 (s, 2H).

EMBODIMENT 10:

Preparation of methyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate

[0041] To a 1000 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 400 g DMSO, 52 g sodium hydroxide and 64 g methyl 2-cyanoacetate. 150 g 4-methanesulfonyl-2-nitrochlorobenzene was added while the reaction temperature was controlled at 60° C. After addition, the reaction was continued for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was removed. Water was added. The mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered, washed with water, dried to produce 182 g methyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate in 96% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(CDCl.sub.3):8.77(d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.33(dd, J.sub.1=1.6 Hz J.sub.2=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.82(s, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.17 (s, 3H).

EMBODIMENT 11:

Preparation of ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate

[0042] To a 1000 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 500 g DMF, 150 g potassium carbonate and 77 g ethyl 2-cyanoacetate. 150 g 4-chlorine-3-nitro-trifluorotoluene was added while the reaction temperature was controlled within 50° C. After addition, the reaction was continued for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was removed. Water was added. The mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered, washed with water, dried to produce 195 g ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate in 97% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(CDCl.sub.3):8.49(s, H), 8.03(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.77(s, 1H), 4.33 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.34 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

EMBODIMENT 12:

Preparation of ethyl 2-cyano-2-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)acetate

[0043] To a 1000 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 500 g DMF, 80 g potassium carbonate and 59 g ethyl 2-cyanoacetate. 109 g 2,3,5,6-tetrachloropyridine and 150 g DMF were added while the reaction temperature was controlled within 50° C. After addition, the reaction was continued for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was removed. Water was added. The mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered, washed with water, dried to produce 145 g ethyl 2-cyano-2-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)acetate in 98% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(CDCl.sub.3): 14.61(b,1H), 8.53(s, 1H), 4.25(d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 1.2 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 3H).

EMBODIMENT 13:

Preparation of ethyl 2-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-cyanoacetate

[0044] To a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 200 g DMSO, 25 g potassium hydroxide and 24 g ethyl 2-cyanoacetate. 44 g 2,3-dichloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine was added while the reaction temperature was controlled within 50° C. After addition, the reaction was continued for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was removed. Water was added. The mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered, washed with water, dried to produce 85 g ethyl ethyl 2-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-cyanoacetate in 97% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(CDCl.sub.3): 8.6(s, 1H), 6.27(s, 1H), 4.25(d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.40(br, 1H), 1.2 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 3H).

EMBODIMENT 14:

Preparation of 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide

[0045] To a 1000 mL three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer was added 450 g DMF, 50 g potassium hydroxide and 45 g 2-cyanoacetamide. 120 g 4-chlorine-3-nitro-trifluorotoluene was added while the reaction temperature was controlled within 30° C. After addition, the reaction was continued for 1 hour. After the reaction was complete, the solvent was removed. Water was added. The mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid, filtered, washed with water, dried to produce 142 g 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide in 98% yield. .sup.1H—NMR δppm(CDCl.sub.3):8.48(s, 1H), 8.28(d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 8.09(s, 1H) 7.99 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 5.80(s, 1H).