Abstract
A method and a device for ascertaining a fluid injection quantity of an injection system. The injection system includes a high-pressure pump, a high-pressure region that adjoins the high-pressure pump, a pressure sensor, and an injector that is fed from the high-pressure region. The method includes detecting a measurement signal using the pressure sensor and segmenting a first pressure profile from the measurement signal. The first pressure profile characterizes the pressure profile prior to a fluid injection using the injector. The method also includes segmenting a second pressure profile from the measurement signal. The second pressure profile characterizes the pressure profile after the fluid injection using the injector. The method also includes performing a core density estimation using the first pressure profile and the second pressure profile, ascertaining a pressure difference, and ascertaining the fluid injection quantity using the pressure difference.
Claims
1. A method for ascertaining a fluid injection quantity of an injection system, the injection system having a high-pressure pump, a high-pressure region that adjoins the high-pressure pump, a pressure sensor, and an injector that is fed from the high-pressure region, the method comprising: detecting a measurement signal using the pressure sensor during operation of the injection system, the measurement signal characterizing a fluid pressure in the high-pressure region; segmenting a first pressure profile from the measurement signal, the first pressure profile characterizes the pressure profile prior to a fluid injection using the injector, and segmenting a second pressure profile from the measurement signal, the second pressure profile characterizes the pressure profile after the fluid injection using the injector; determining a first probability density function prior to the fluid injection and a second probability density function after the fluid injection by performing a core density estimation using the first pressure profile and the second pressure profile; determining a pressure difference from the first probability density function and the second probability density function; and determining the fluid injection quantity using the pressure difference.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a maximum of the first probability density function and a maximum of the second probability density function; and determining the pressure difference using the maximum of the first probability density function and the maximum of the second probability function.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid injection quantity is based on a system constant, the system constant taking into consideration geometry-dependent variables of the injection system.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a variable speed of sound from a geometry of the high-pressure region and a natural frequency of a standing wave stimulated by a pump delivery action of the high-pressure pump and fluid injection by the injector, wherein the fluid injection quantity is based on the variable speed of sound.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: determining the natural frequency from a part of the measurement signal using a fast Fourier transformation.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein a triangular core and/or a predetermined bandwidth is being used in the core density estimation.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the bandwidth is 0.5 bar to 1 bar.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the injection system includes several injectors, the several injectors are each fed from the high-pressure region, and wherein the method further includes: segmenting injector-specific pressure profiles from the measurement signal for each of the injectors; determining the respective first probability density functions and the respective second probability density functions; ascertaining the respective pressure difference for each of the injectors; and ascertaining the respective fluid injection quantity using the respective pressure difference, for each of the injectors.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: comparing the fluid injection quantity with a predetermined injection quantity; and adapting an actuation of the injector if the ascertained fluid injection quantity deviates from the predetermined injection quantity.
10. A device for ascertaining a fluid injection quantity of an injection system, the injection system having a high-pressure pump, a high-pressure region that adjoins the high-pressure pump, a pressure sensor, and an injector that is fed from the high-pressure region, the device having a control unit that is configured to control a method comprising: detecting a measurement signal using the pressure sensor during operation of the injection system, the measurement signal characterizing a fluid pressure in the high-pressure region; segmenting a first pressure profile from the measurement signal, the first pressure profile characterizes the pressure profile prior to a fluid injection using the injector, and segmenting a second pressure profile from the measurement signal, the second pressure profile characterizes the pressure profile after the fluid injection using the injector; determining a first probability density function prior to the fluid injection and a second probability density function after the fluid injection by performing a core density estimation using the first pressure profile and the second pressure profile; determining a pressure difference from the first probability density function and the second probability density function; and determining the fluid injection quantity using the pressure difference.
11. The device of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises: determining a maximum of the first probability density function and a maximum of the second probability density function; and determining the pressure difference using the maximum of the first probability density function and the maximum of the second probability function.
12. The device of claim 10, wherein the fluid injection quantity is based on a system constant, the system constant taking into consideration geometry-dependent variables of the injection system.
13. The device of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises: determining a variable speed of sound from a geometry of the high-pressure region and a natural frequency of a standing wave stimulated by a pump delivery action of the high-pressure pump and fluid injection by the injector, wherein the fluid injection quantity is based on the variable speed of sound.
14. The device of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises: determining the natural frequency from a part of the measurement signal using a fast Fourier transformation.
15. The device of claim 10, wherein a triangular core and/or a predetermined bandwidth is being used in the core density estimation.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the bandwidth is 0.5 bar to 1 bar.
17. The device of claim 10, wherein the injection system includes several injectors, the several injectors are each fed from the high-pressure region, and wherein the method further includes: segmenting injector-specific pressure profiles from the measurement signal for each of the injectors; determining the respective first probability density functions and the respective second probability density functions; ascertaining the respective pressure difference for each of the injectors; and ascertaining the respective fluid injection quantity using the respective pressure difference, for each of the injectors.
18. The device of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises: comparing the fluid injection quantity with a predetermined injection quantity, and adapting an actuation of the injector if the ascertained fluid injection quantity deviates from the predetermined injection quantity.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0026] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary injection system with a control unit.
[0027] FIG. 2 shows a first pressure profile diagram according to a first example.
[0028] FIG. 3 shows a first core density estimation diagram according to the first example.
[0029] FIG. 4 shows a second pressure profile diagram according to a second example.
[0030] FIG. 5 shows a second core density estimation diagram according to the second example.
[0031] FIG. 6 shows a diagram, according to a first example, in which a fast Fourier transformation of three different pressure profiles has been performed.
[0032] FIG. 7 shows a correlation diagram according to the first example.
[0033] Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an injection system 100, for example for an internal combustion engine. The injection system 100 has a high-pressure pump 110, a high-pressure region 120, a pressure sensor 130, and multiple injectors 140. FIG. 1 additionally shows a control unit 200 that is configured to control the injection system 100. During the operation of the injection system 100, fluid is delivered from a fluid accumulator (not shown) into the high-pressure region 120 by way of the high-pressure pump 110, whereby the pressure of the fluid is additionally increased by way of the high-pressure pump 110 to the desired pressure. The high-pressure region 120 has a rail which is connected to the injectors 140 and from which the injectors 140 are fed with fluid. The control unit 200 actuates the injectors 140, whereby the fluid is injected from the high-pressure region 120 into combustion chambers, for example of the internal combustion engine, for combustion. The pressure sensor 130 detects a measurement signal 310 (shown in FIG. 2) that characterizes the pressure profile of the pressure within the high-pressure region 120. The pressure sensor 130 transmits the measurement signal 310 to the control unit 200, which in turn processes the measurement signal 310 and controls the injection system 100 based on the results.
[0035] FIG. 2 shows a first pressure profile diagram 300. In the first pressure profile diagram 300, the measurement signal 310 of the pressure sensor 130 is plotted versus the time. The measurement signal 310 is segmented into a first pressure region 320, an injection region 330, a second pressure profile 340, and a pump region 350. The first pressure profile 320 represents the profile of the pressure signal prior to the injection using the injector 140. The injection region 330 represents the profile of the measurement signal 310 during the injection using the injector 140. It can be seen here that the pressure within the high-pressure region 120 decreases due to the injection using the injector 140. The second pressure profile 340 represents the profile of the measurement signal 310 after the injection using the injector 140 and before the pumping phase in which fluid is introduced into the high-pressure region 120 using the high-pressure pump 110. The pump region 350 of the measurement signal 310 represents the profile of the measurement signal 310 during the pumping phase. It can be seen here that the pressure within the high-pressure region 120 increases due to the introduction of fluid into the high-pressure region 120 using the high-pressure pump 110. FIG. 2 additionally illustrates the pressure difference 360 between the first pressure profile 320 and the second pressure profile 340. The times required for the segmentation are known, because the control unit 200 itself performs the actuation of the injectors 140. In this way, the measurement signal 310 of the pressure sensor 130 can be advantageously easily and accurately segmented. The method is additionally robust with respect to slight time shifts.
[0036] FIG. 3 shows a first core density estimation diagram 400, with a first probability density function 410 and a second probability density function 420 being illustrated in the first core density estimation diagram 400. With the core density estimation, it is sought to ascertain the pressure value with the statistically greatest probability of presence. In order to ascertain the pressure value within the first pressure profile or within the second pressure profile, that is to say during the plateau phases prior to the injection or after the injection, of the phases with relatively constant pressure in the injection system 100. The first probability density function 410 accordingly has a first maximum, a first pressure level 430 prior to the injection using the injector 140. The second probability density function 420 has a second maximum, a second pressure level 440 after the injection using the injector. The first pressure level 430 and the second pressure level 440 are illustrated in FIG. 3. The pressure difference 450 that arises due to an injection using an injector 140 can be advantageously accurately ascertained from these pressure levels 430, 440. The method is advantageously robust with respect to briefly occurring extreme values (for example, brief high or low pressure values).
[0037] FIG. 4 shows a second pressure profile diagram 500. The second pressure profile diagram 500 illustrates a first pressure profile 510, a second pressure profile 520 and a third pressure profile 530 in bar versus the time. The first pressure profile 510 starts at approximately 355 bar and is initially constant until the point in time at which the pressure falls to approximately 345 bar due to an injection using the injector 140, whereupon the first pressure profile is subsequently constant until it increases due to a pumping phase. The second pressure profile 520 initially starts at approximately 352 bar and is subsequently constant, then decreases to approximately 347 bar due to an injection, subsequently remains constant, and subsequently increases again due to a pumping phase. The third pressure profile 530 starts at approximately 351 bar, is subsequently constant, decreases slightly to 350 bar due to a relatively small injection, and is subsequently constant. A subdivision of the pressure profiles into pre-injection and post-injection is illustrated in FIG. 4 on the basis of the line thicknesses. The greater line thickness represents the pressure profiles prior to the respective injection, whereas the smaller line thickness represents the pressure profiles after the respective injection using the injector 140.
[0038] FIG. 5 shows a core density estimation diagram 600, illustrating a first probability density function 610 relating to the first pressure profile 510, a second probability density function 620 relating to the first pressure profile 510, a first probability density function 630 relating to the second pressure profile 520, a second probability density function 640 relating to the second pressure profile 520, a first probability density function 650 relating to the third pressure profile 530, and a second probability density function 660 relating to the third pressure profile 530. Here, the first probability density functions 610, 630, 650 each represent the probability density functions prior to the injection using the injector 140. Here, the second probability density functions 620, 640 and 660 represent the probability density functions after the injection using the injector. FIG. 5 additionally shows a first pressure difference 670, a second pressure difference 680 and a third pressure difference 690. The first pressure difference 670 is the difference between the maximum of the first probability density function 610 of the first pressure profile 510 and the second probability density function 620 of the first pressure profile 510. The second pressure difference 680 is the difference between the maxima of the second probability density function 630 of the second pressure profile 520 and the second probability density function 640 of the second pressure profile 520. The third pressure difference is the difference between the maxima of the first probability density function 650 of the third pressure profile 530 and the second probability density function 660 of the third pressure profile 530. Accordingly, the pressure difference of the individual injections using the injector can be advantageously easily and accurately ascertained on the basis of the ascertained maxima/the peaks.
[0039] FIGS. 4 and 5 show that, due to the good robustness of the method, it is sufficient for the measurement signal of the pressure sensor to be segmented merely into a segment prior to the injection and a segment after the injection in order to achieve an advantageously good and accurate ascertainment of the fluid injection quantity.
[0040] FIG. 6 shows a diagram with pressure profiles that have been transformed using a fast Fourier transformation (FFT). The diagram 700 illustrates a first FFT pressure profile 710 at 250 bar, a second FFT pressure profile 720 at 300 bar, and a third FFT pressure profile 730 at 350 bar. The frequency in hertz is plotted on the X axis. The amplitude in the unit [bar] as illustrated on the Y axis. The diagram 700 shows the pressure profiles in the case of a constant temperature. The peaks of the profiles represent different oscillation modes. It can be seen from the diagram how the natural frequency of the individual oscillation modes increases with increasing pressure. The peaks shift to the right with increasing pressure. This is attributable to the fact that the speed of sound of the fluid increases due to an increased pressure. By inference, it is possible from this to ascertain the speed of sound as a function of the pressure. This in turn is used in ascertaining the injection quantity. The accuracy with which the injection quantity is ascertained can thus be additionally further increased.
[0041] FIG. 7 shows a correlation diagram 800. Each point in the correlation diagram 800 corresponds to an individual injection, for which the pressure in the high-pressure region, the temperature and the injection duration have been varied. The injection quantity measured using the Akribis measuring system is shown on the X axis, and the injection quantity ascertained using the method according to the present disclosure is illustrated on the Y axis. Akribis is an injection quantity measuring system that ascertains the injection quantity using a test stand. It involves a piston (one per injector) that is deflected as a result of the injection. The injected mass can be determined very accurately from piston area, deflection and density of the test medium. This type of measurement system is referred to as a quantity indicator. As an alternative to this, there are also pressure indicators (for example Mexus 2.0) or pipe indicators. The system constant was set in a one-off manner for the injection system under test, and thus for the entire data set, in accordance with this correlation diagram. The system constant was ascertained using regression. It can accordingly be seen from the correlation diagram 800 that the ascertainment of the fluid injection quantity in accordance with the present method advantageously accurately corresponds to the actually injected quantities ascertained by series of measurements.
[0042] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.
