MICRO-NEEDLE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE MICRO-NEEDLE

Abstract

Disclosed is a micro-needle including a tip formed using medicine that penetrates into the skin and melts therein; and at least one guide groove each in a stepped shape inward from the outer surface of the tip, and provided to the tip. The micro-needle configured as above may be used to administer a fixed quantity of medicine within a relatively short period of time. Also, since a guide space stepped based on the tip is provided to a base that supports the tip, a large amount of medicine may easily penetrate into the skin.

Claims

1. A micro-needle comprising: a tip formed using medicine that penetrates into the skin and melts therein; and at least one guide groove each in a stepped shape inward from the outer surface of the tip, and provided to the tip.

2. The micro-needle of claim 1, wherein a plurality of tips is provided and the plurality of tips is supported by a base.

3. The micro-needle of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of tips is provided in a circular conic shape or a polygonal conic shape, and at least one guide groove each having a cross-section in a semicircular or polygonal shape is provided along the outer circumference of each of the plurality of tips.

4. The micro-needle of claim 1, wherein a plurality of guide grooves is provided at equal intervals along the outer circumference of the tip, and is configured to extend with a cross-section in a semicircular or polygonal shape toward a rear end between a front end at which the tip penetrates into the skin and the rear end that extends from the front end, based on a direction in which the tip penetrates into the skin.

5. The micro-needle of claim 1, wherein a plurality of guide grooves is spaced apart from each other at equal intervals at a location separate from a front end at which the tip penetrates into the skin toward a rear end by 80% or more based on a direction in which the tip penetrates into the skin.

6. The micro-needle of claim 1, wherein a plurality of guide grooves is spaced apart from each other along the outer circumference of the tip and provided in a multi-column and multi-row form.

7. The micro-needle of claim 1, wherein the guide groove has a cross-section in a semicircular or polygonal shape and is configured to extend along the outer circumference of the tip.

8. The micro-needle of claim 2, wherein a guide space stepped based on the tip is provided to the base.

9. The micro-needle of claim 1, wherein the tip penetrates into the skin using at least one of air pressure, oil pressure, spring, electromagnetic field, and acupressure.

10. The micro-needle of claim 1, wherein waterproof coating is applied to the tip.

11. A method of manufacturing a micro-needle, the method comprising: preparing medicine; and forming a tip by supplying the medicine to a mold having a tip groove, wherein at least one inwardly stepped guide groove is formed on the outer surface of the tip.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the preparing of the medicine comprises preparing the medicine using a biocompatible material and a water-soluble additive agent.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the biocompatible material includes at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hyaluronic acid, alginic acid, pectin, carrageenan, chondroitin (sulfate), dextran (sulfate), chitosan, polylysine, carboxymethyl chitin, fibrin, agarose, pullulan, polyanhydride, polyorthoester, polyetherester, polyesteramide, poly (butyric acid), poly (valeric acid), polyacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer, acrylic substituted cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (vinyl imidazole), chlorosulphonate polyolefins, polyethylene oxide, poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose, cyclodextrin, maltose, lactose, trehalose, cellobiose, isomaltose, and turanose, or includes at least one of copolymer of monomers constituting the polymer, and cellulose.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the water-soluble additive agent includes at least one of trehalose, oligosaccharide, sucrose, maltose, lactose, cellobiose, hyaluronic acid, alginic acid, pectin, carrageenan, chondroitin (sulfate), dextran (sulfate), chitosan, polylysine, collagen, gelatin, carboxymethyl chitin, fibrin, agarose, poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polymethacrylate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose, cyclodextrin, and gentiobiose.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the mold includes a structure that includes one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a type of polymer used for the mold, polyurethane, metal, an aluminum biocompatible material, water-soluble polymer, fat-soluble polymer, and amphiphilic polymer.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the fat-soluble polymer and the amphiphilic polymer include at least one of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyglycolide (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer, poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly ethylene oxide (PEO), poly propylene oxide (PPO), poly vinyl methyl ether (PVME), PMA (poly (methyl) acrylate)s, propylene glycol, poly (ester amide), poly (butyric acid), acrylamide (acrylic amide), acrylic acid, hyaluronic acid (HA), and gelatin.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the forming of the tip comprises: supplying the medicine to the tip groove; solidifying the medicine; and removing the mold, wherein the solidifying comprises forming the guide groove through a centrifugal and polymer melt process, and solidifying the medicine.

18. The method of claim 11, further comprising: applying waterproof coating to the tip.

19. The method of claim 11, wherein the applying of the waterproof coating comprises coating an end of the tip or the entire surface of the tip with a waterproof agent that includes a hydrophobic material or a lipid-based material using at least one of dip-coating, atomization, electro-spinning, and ultrasonic coating.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the waterproof agent includes at least one of beeswax, oleic acid, soy fatty acid, castor oil, phosphatidylcholine, d-α-tocopherol/vitamin E, corn oil mono-di-tridiglycerides, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, peppermint oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, caprylic/capric triglycerides derived from coconut oil or palm see oil, phosphatidylcholine, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly lactide (PLA), poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer, polyglycolide (PGA), wax (paraffin cholesterol), glycerin, chitin, lecithin, animal beef tallow, vegetable stearin, low-grade saturated fatty acid, monosaturated fatty acid, tristearins, fatty acid mineral salt (zinc, calcium, magnesium stearate), and fatty acid zinc salt (stearic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid), or includes the mixture thereof.

21. The method of claim 11, wherein the forming of the tip comprises forming a plurality of tips each in a conic shape or a polygonal conic shape, and forming at least one guide groove each having a cross-section in a semicircular or polygonal shape along the outer circumference of each of the plurality of tips.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] These and/or other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

[0039] FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a micro-needle according to an example embodiment;

[0040] FIG. 2 is a top view illustrating the micro-needle of FIG. 1;

[0041] FIG. 3 is a side view of the micro-needle of FIG. 1;

[0042] FIG. 4 is a table showing various modification examples of a guide groove of FIG. 1;

[0043] FIG. 5 is a top view illustrating a micro-needle including a guide space shown in (i) of FIG. 4;

[0044] FIG. 6 illustrates sequential images about a state in which the micro-needle of FIG. 5 penetrates into the skin;

[0045] FIGS. 7A and 7B are comparison images showing a state in which a conventional micro-needle and the micro-needle of FIG. 1 penetrate into the skin;

[0046] FIG. 8 is a table showing comparison images showing a state in which the micron-needle of FIG. 1 penetrates into the skin using an air pressure cylinder and acupressure;

[0047] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a micro-needle according to an example embodiment;

[0048] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a tip forming operation in the micro-needle manufacturing method of FIG. 9; and

[0049] FIGS. 11(a)-(e) illustrates a process of manufacturing a micro-needle corresponding to the tip forming operation of FIG. 10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0050] Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Herein, thicknesses of lines, sizes of constituent elements, etc., illustrated in the drawings, may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience of description. Further, terms described in the following are ones defined based on functions in the present disclosure and thus, may vary based on the intent of a user or an operator, or custom. Accordingly, the definition of such terms should be made based on the overall description disclosed in the present specification.

[0051] Although the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section, from another region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section, discussed below may be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section, without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0052] Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “under,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below,” “beneath,” or “under,” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example terms “below” and “under” may encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. In addition, when an element is referred to as being “between” two elements, the element may be the only element between the two elements, or one or more other intervening elements may be present.

[0053] When an element is referred to as being “on,” “connected to,” “coupled to,” or “adjacent to,” another element, the element may be directly on, connected to, coupled to, or adjacent to, the other element, or one or more other intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” “directly coupled to,” or “immediately adjacent to,” another element there are no intervening elements present.

[0054] Hereinafter, example embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a micro-needle according to an example embodiment, FIG. 2 is a top view illustrating the micro-needle of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a side view of the micro-needle of FIG. 1.

[0056] Referring to FIGS. 1 through 3, the micro-needle 1 according to an example embodiment includes a tip 2 and a guide groove 3.

[0057] The tip 2 is formed using medicine that penetrates into the skin and melts therein. At least one tip 2 is provided and an end of the tip 2 is in a sharp shape to facilitate penetration into the skin (see FIG. 6).

[0058] Although the present example embodiment illustrates that the tip 2 is provided in an approximate circular conic shape or polygonal conic shape and a plurality of tips 2 is provided, it is only an example and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The plurality of tips 2 is supported by a base 4.

[0059] The guide groove 3 is in a stepped shape inward from the outer surface of the tip 2, and at least one guide groove 3 is provided to the tip 2. The guide groove 3 is configured to guide the tip 2 to penetrate into the skin and to inject a fixed quantity of medicine within a relatively short period of time.

[0060] According to the present example embodiment, a plurality of tips 2 each in a quadrangular pyramidal shape is provided on the base 4 to be spaced apart from each other. A plurality of guide grooves 3 is formed along the outer circumference of the tip 2 and each guide groove 3 has a cross-section in a semicircular shape. In more detail, referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, four guide grooves 3 are formed on four surfaces of the tip 2 in the quadrangular pyramidal shape, respectively. Also, referring to FIG. 3, the guide groove 3 is in a pillar shape that extends toward a rear end 2b between a front end 2a at which the tip 2 penetrates into the skin and the rear end 2b that extends from the front end 2a, based on a direction (see a direction of an indicator with arrowhead) in which the tip 2 penetrates into the skin. Here, the present example embodiment illustrates that the cross-section of the guide groove 3 is in the semicircular shape, for example, a starfish shape, as shown in FIG. 2.

[0061] However, the shape of the guide groove 3 and the number of guide grooves 3 are not limited to the examples of FIGS. 1 through 3. Various modification examples of FIG. 4 may be applicable to the guide groove 3.

[0062] As described above with reference to FIGS. 1 through 3, (a) of FIG. 4 shows a modification example in which the guide groove 3 has a semicircular cross-section, and extends toward the rear end 2b between the front end 2a and the rear end 2b. Likewise, (b) and (c) of FIG. 4 show modification examples in which the guide groove 3 extends toward the rear end 2b between the front end 2a and the rear end 2b of the tip 2 and has a triangular or rectangular cross-section.

[0063] (d) of FIG. 4 shows a modification example in which the guide groove 3 has a semicircular cross-section and extends along the outer circumference of the tip 2. Here, the guide groove 3 is formed along the outer circumference of the rear end 2b of the tip 2. Since the guide groove 3 extends along the outer circumference of the tip 2 as above, the cross-section of the guide groove 3 may be formed in a polygonal shape.

[0064] (e) of FIG. 4 shows a modification example in which the guide groove 3 has a semicircular cross-section between the front end 2a and the rear end 2b of the tip 2 in a rectangular pyramidal shape and is formed as a plurality of inwardly stepped grooves. Even in this case, the cross-section of the guide groove 3 may be formed in a polygonal groove shape.

[0065] (f), (g), and (h) of FIG. 4 show modification examples in which the guide groove 3 having a triangular cross-section, the guide groove 3 having a rectangular cross-section, and the guide groove 3 having a semicircular cross-section are provided to the tip 2 in a circular conic shape. (f), (g), and (h) of FIG. 4 show modification examples in which the guide groove 3 has a pillar shape that extends toward the rear end 2b between the front end 2a and the rear end 2b of the tip 2.

[0066] (i) of FIG. 4 shows a modification example in which a stepped guide space 3′ is provided to the base 4 based on the tip 2 together with the guide groove 3. That is, the guide space 3′ may be provided together with the guide groove 3 in various shapes of (a) through (h) of FIG. 4. In addition, (j) of FIG. 4 shows a modification example in which the guide space 3′ that is a stepped space is provided to the base 4 instead of forming the guide groove 3 on the tip 2.

[0067] Referring to (i) of FIG. 4, the guide space 3′ that is a groove space based on the tip 2 is provided to the base 4. Thus, it is possible to deliver a large amount of medicine due to a capillary phenomenon when the tip 2 penetrates into the skin. In detail, since the guide space 3′ is coated or filled with valid medicine corresponding to medicine used to form the tip 2, even medicine present in the guide space 3′ may be efficiently delivered to the inside of a body due to a capillary phenomenon occurring in the guide groove 3 when inserting the tip 2 into the skin.

[0068] Although not illustrated in detail, a plurality of guide grooves 3 may be spaced apart from each other along the outer circumference of the tip 2 and provided in a multi-column and multi-row form as another modification example.

[0069] The guide groove 3 may have the aforementioned various modification examples. The guide groove 3 may be provided to an area in which the tip 2 penetrates into the skin and is to be separated. Within a few seconds after the micro-needle 1 is inserted into the skin, the tip 2 may be separated by body fluid and valid medicine may be quantitatively delivered. That is, an amount of valid medicine to be delivered may be adjusted based on a height and a volume of the tip 2 to which the guide groove 3 is provided.

[0070] The tip 2 may extend from the base 4 with a length of, desirably, 90 μm to 800 μm within the range of about 50 μm to 2000 μm. The volume of the guide groove 3 provided to the tip 2 may be adjusted based on a length ratio of the tip 2. Desirably, the guide groove 3 may be formed to have a height and a volume suitable for an amount of medicine to be delivered to a start point of the front end 2a or a location separate from the front end 2a toward the rear end 2b by 80% or more. In addition, the volume of the guide space 3′ described with (i) and (j) of FIG. 4 may be adjusted to be in proportion to an interval between the tips 2. A depth of the guide space 3′ may include the rear end 2b of the tip 2 or may be 1 μm to 900 μm. Desirably, the depth of the guide space 3′ may be limited to 50 μm to 300 μm.

[0071] Referring to images observed with a microscope of FIG. 6, in the tip 2 to which the guide groove 3 and the guide space 3′ are provided, since an end portion of the front end 2a of the tip 2 on which valid components are concentrated is separated to be in the skin, it is possible to secure the quantitative supply of medicine. That is, since the guide groove 3 guides separation of the tip 2 penetration into the skin, the quantitative supply of medicine may be guided.

[0072] FIG. 7A is an image in which an existing micro-needle not having the guide groove 3 penetrates into the skin S, and FIG. 7B is an image in which the proposed micro-needle 1 having the guide groove 3 penetrates into the skin S. By comparing the images of FIGS. 7A and 7B, it can be known that the proposed micro-needle 1 has shown an enhanced penetration capability compared to the existing micro-needle.

[0073] In more detail, the following Table 1 shows that the micro-needle 1 including the guide groove 3 has delivered a relatively great amount of medicine compared to the existing micro-needle not having the guide groove 3. The following Table 1 shows a comparison result value about an amount of medicine delivered after the micro-needle 1 penetrates into the skin S at the pressure of 0.2 MPa through an air pressure cylinder.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Existing micro-needle Proposed micro-needle Amount of medicine 19.0794 ± 5.3957 μg 45.3766 ± 2.2990 μg delivered after penetration

[0074] Although not illustrated in detail, the tip 2 may penetrate into the skin through at least one of air pressure, oil pressure, a spring, an electromagnetic field, and an acupressure. Referring to FIG. 8, an image in which the tip 2 has penetrated into the skin using an air pressure cylinder and an image in which the tip 2 has penetrated into the skin at the pressure of an acupressure for 10 seconds are compared. Here, (a) of FIG. 8 shows an example in which the guide groove 3 is provided at a location tilted toward the front end 2a based on the base 4, and (b) of FIG. 8 shows an example in which the guide groove 3 is provided at a location tilted toward the rear end 2b based on the base 4.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 8, the tips 2 to which the guide grooves 3 are provided at different heights, respectively, were inserted at the force of 0.2 MPa using the air pressure cylinder and the acupressure for 10 seconds, respectively. Remaining portions of the tips 2 were compared. As a result, it can be known that the tip 2 of the proposed micro-needle 1 was efficiently separated based on the height and the volume of the guide groove 3 provided to the tip 2 of the micro-needle 1. That is, since a separation area of the tip 2 varies based on the grooved height of the guide groove 3, it is possible to efficiently adjust an amount of medicine to be delivered.

[0076] Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the micro-needle 1 including the guide groove 3 according to an example embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 through 11.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 9, the method of manufacturing the micro-needle 1 according to an example embodiment includes a medicine preparing operation 10 and a tip forming operation 20.

[0078] In the medicine preparing operation 10, medicine 7 for forming the micro-needle 1 is prepared. Here, the medicine 7 is a mixed solution in which a biocompatible material and a water-soluble additive agent are mixed, and is in a low viscosity state or a high viscosity state.

[0079] According to the example embodiment, the biocompatible material of the medicine 7 may include at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hyaluronic acid, alginic acid, pectin, carrageenan, chondroitin (sulfate), dextran (sulfate), chitosan, polylysine, carboxymethyl chitin, fibrin, agarose, pullulan polyanhydride, polyorthoester, polyetherester, polyesteramide, poly (butyric acid), poly (valeric acid), polyacrylate, ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer, acrylic substituted cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (vinyl imidazole), chlorosulphonate polyolefins, polyethylene oxide, poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose, cyclodextrin, maltose, lactose, trehalose, cellobiose, isomaltose, and turanose, and, or may include at least one of copolymer of monomers constituting the polymer, and cellulose.

[0080] Also, the water-soluble additive agent mixed in the medicine 7 may include at least one of trehalose, oligosaccharide, sucrose, maltose, lactose, cellobiose, hyaluronic acid, alginic acid, pectin, carrageenan, chondroitin (sulfate), dextran (sulfate), chitosan, polylysine, collagen, gelatin, carboxymethyl chitin, fibrin, agarose, poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polymethacrylate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), carboxymethyl cellulose, cyclodextrin, and gentiobiose.

[0081] Once the medicine 7 is prepared, the tip 2 is formed using the prepared medicine 7 in the tip forming operation 20. Referring to FIG. 10, the tip forming operation 20 includes a medicine filling operation 21, a solidifying operation 22, and a mold removing operation 23.

[0082] In the medicine filling operation 21, the medicine 7 is supplied to a mold 5 to which tip grooves 6 are prepared and fills in the tip grooves 6. Here, the tip groove 6 has a shape corresponding to a shape of the tip 2 of the micro-needle 1 to be manufactured.

[0083] Here, the mold 5 may include a structure that includes one of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a type of polymer used for the mold, polyurethane, metal, an aluminum biocompatible material, water-soluble polymer, fat-soluble polymer, and amphiphilic polymer. The fat-soluble polymer and the amphiphilic polymer may include at least one of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyglycolide (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer, poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly ethylene oxide (PEO), poly propylene oxide (PPO), poly vinyl methyl ether (PVME), PMA (poly (methyl) acrylate)s, propylene glycol, poly (ester amide), poly (butyric acid), acrylamide (acrylic amide), acrylic acid, hyaluronic acid (HA), and gelatin.

[0084] Referring to (a) of FIG. 11, the mold 5 includes the plurality of tip grooves 6 each corresponding to a shape of the tip 2 of the micro-needle 1. Referring to (b) and (c) of FIG. 11 corresponding to the medicine filling operation 21 of FIG. 10, once the medicine 7 is supplied to the mold 5, the supplied medicine 7 is distributed to and thereby fills in the plurality of tip grooves 6.

[0085] Referring to (d) of FIG. 11 corresponding to the solidifying operation 22 of FIG. 10, the medicine 7 filled in the tip grooves 6 is solidified. In the solidifying operation 22, the low viscous or high viscous fluid 7 filled in the plurality of tip grooves 6 forms the guide groove 3 and the medicine 7 is solidified through a centrifugal separation and polymer melt process.

[0086] As the medicine 7 is solidified, the tip 2 extends from the base 4 and the guide groove 3 is formed along the outer circumference of the tip 2 as shown in (d) of FIG. 11. Referring to (e) of FIG. 11 corresponding to the mold removing operation 23 after the solidifying operation 22, the mold 5 is removed and the manufacturing of the micro-needle 1 is completed.

[0087] Although not illustrated in detail, a waterproof coating operation of uniformly coating the surface of the micro-needle 1 with a waterproof agent is provided to protect materials sensitive to a moisture or to protect the micro-needle 1 against a moisture environment. In the waterproof coating operation, the micro-needle 1 from which the mold 5 is removed is coated with a waterproof agent using at least one of dip-coating, atomization, electro-spinning, and ultrasonic coating. Herein, the micro-needle 1 is coated with a waterproof agent through electron-spinning and then is dried at a room temperature.

[0088] Here, the waterproof agent may include a hydrophobic material or a lipid-based material. In more detail, the waterproof agent may include at least one of beeswax, oleic acid, soy fatty acid, castor oil, phosphatidylcholine, d-α-tocopherol/vitamin E, corn oil mono-di-tridiglycerides, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, peppermint oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, caprylic/capric triglycerides derived from coconut oil or palm see oil, phosphatidylcholine, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly lactide (PLA), poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer, polyglycolide (PGA), wax (paraffin cholesterol), glycerin, chitin, lecithin, animal beef tallow, vegetable stearin, low-grade saturated fatty acid, monosaturated fatty acid, tristearins, fatty acid mineral salt (zinc, calcium, magnesium stearate), and fatty acid zinc salt (stearic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid), or may include the mixture thereof.

[0089] Although a few example embodiments have been shown and described, the present disclosure is not limited to the described embodiments. Instead, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.