INLET SYSTEM FOR A RADIAL COMPRESSOR WITH A WIDE FLOW RANGE REQUIREMENT

Abstract

A radial compressor employs a compressor wheel having an inducer. An inlet air passage has a first region and a second region separated from the first region by a divider wall. The divider wall extends from an inlet plane of the inducer and connects the first region to a first air filter and said second region to a second air filter.

Claims

1. A radial compressor comprising: a compressor wheel having an inducer; an inlet air passage having a first region and a second region separated from the first region by a divider wall, said divider wall extending from an inlet plane of the inducer and connecting said first region to a first air filter and said second region to a second air filter.

2. The radial compressor as defined in claim 1, wherein the first and second inlet air regions are concentric, said first region comprising an outer air inlet passage and the second region comprising an inner air inlet passage.

3. The radial compressor as defined in claim 2, further comprising an additional passage from the outer inlet air passage to a to a compressor shroud line through a slot in the compressor shroud line.

4. The radial compressor as defined in claim 2, wherein at least one of the inner and outer inlet passages comprise subdivided passages that are constructed with a positive or negative swirl angle.

5. The radial compressor as defined in claim 1, wherein the first and second regions have an axial inflow.

6. The radial compressor as defined in claim 1, wherein the first region has an axial inflow and the second region has a radial inflow.

7. The radial compressor as defined in claim 1, wherein one of first or second regions has a radial inflow.

8. The radial compressor as defined in claim 1, wherein at least one of the inner and outer regions comprises one or more passages that are subdivided into multiple passages for at least a portion thereof.

9. The radial compressor as defined in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second regions include a movable array of vanes to induce positive or negative swirl to the flow in the passage.

10. A radial compressor comprising: a compressor wheel having an inducer; an inlet air passage having a first region and a second region separated from the first region by a divider wall, said divider wall extending from an inlet plane of the inducer and connecting said first region to a first air filter; a valve connecting the inlet flow to the outer passage in a first position, and, in a second position, closing the inlet air passage to the outer passage and connecting the outer passage to an exit duct.

11. The radial compressor as defined in claim 10, further comprising a control element responsive to pressures in the compressor system to move the valve between said first and second positions.

12. The radial compressor as defined in claim 11, wherein the control element utilizes the relationship of the pressure in the outer passage to the pressure in the inner passage at different flow rates to move the valve.

13. The radial compressor as defined in claim 10, further comprising an active control mechanism configured to move a control element according to requirements of an engine control algorithm, said control element moving said valve between the first and second positions.

14. A radial compressor comprising: a compressor wheel having an inducer; an inlet air passage having a first region and a second region separated from the first region by a divider wall extending from an inlet plane of the inducer to an inlet plenum proximate an air filter, the second region incorporating a heat exchanger intermediate the air filter and the inlet plane.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The features, functions, and advantages that have been discussed can be achieved independently in various embodiments of the present disclosure or may be combined in yet other embodiments, further details of which can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings.

[0018] FIG. 1 is a section view of a typical prior art ported shroud with silencer;

[0019] FIG. 2 is a section view of a first embodiment of a basic Wide Flow Range Inlet;

[0020] FIG. 3 is a section view showing the embodiment of the basic wide flow range inlet and showing inlet connections;

[0021] FIG. 4 is a section view showing an embodiment of the wide flow range inlet with axial and radial inlets;

[0022] FIG. 5 is a phantom view showing swirl vanes in the outer region of the inlet;

[0023] FIG. 6 is a section view of an embodiment of an wide flow range inlet with an active design in the non-activated flow condition; FIG. 7 is a section view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 in the activated condition;

[0024] FIG. 8 is a section view showing an embodiment of a wide flow range inlet combined with a Ported Shroud; and,

[0025] FIG. 9 is a section view with a schematic representation of a heat exchange cooling system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The embodiments shown herein for a wide flow range inlet solves these problems. Referring to the drawings, FIG. 2 shows a turbocharger compressor 100 having a compressor housing 101 and a compressor wheel 102 having an inducer 103 and an exducer 104 feeding a volute 105 through a diffuser 106. Air is received through an inlet 107. A wide flow range inlet 108 splits the inlet flow passage into a first inner region 109 and a second inner region 110 concentrically separated by an inlet divider wall 111 which separates the second region from the first region and terminates at an inlet plane 112 of the inducer 103. This eliminates the losses associated with the ported shroud as well as eliminates the recirculation of hot gas into the compressor. While defined as an inlet plane, the profiles on the compressor blades in alternative embodiments may employ a sweep in the inducer resulting in a region of flow into the blades which extends along the inlet axis and the termination of the divider wall is positioned at a point in the blade profile to segregate flow in the regions for desired characteristics as will be described subsequently.

[0027] The wide flow range inlet separates the incoming air stream into multiple, concentric regions, the simplest version being the inner and outer regions 109, 110 of the first embodiment. In alternative embodiments, multiple concentric regions each separated by concentric divider walls terminating proximate the inducer inlet plane (or at points along the blade profile) may be employed. For the shown embodiment with two concentric regions, feedback of the subsonic flow through the inducer blades back into the inlet flow stream allows two different amounts of swirl to be generated, which can improve the efficiency of the compressor. A movable array of vanes may be included in one or all of the regions to induce positive or negative swirl to the flow in the associated passages.

[0028] With the wide flow range inlet, each of the concentric regions is separated at the filter end of the inlet ducting from the other concentric regions and each region receives inlet air through a separate air filter. At the end proximate the inducer inlet, the regions are separated by the divider wall(s) until close proximity of the blade profile of the compressor wheel. Each concentric region has the possibility of flow going in either direction.

[0029] As seen in FIG. 3, for the embodiment of two concentric regions, the divider wall 111 is connected to the compressor housing 120 with at least one strut 113 (multiple struts may be spaced circumferentially about the divider wall) extending through the outer concentric region 110. The inner concentric region 109 remains segregated by an inner tube 114 connecting the divider wall 111 to a first air cleaner 115 (not shown to scale) to provide a main air passage 116 into the inner concentric region. An outer hose 117 engages the compressor housing 120 at the outer circumference of the outer concentric region 110 connecting to a second air cleaner 118 (which may concentrically surround the first air cleaner but is separated from the first air cleaner 115) to provide a secondary air passage 119 into the outer concentric region. The flow from the first and second air cleaners into the inner and outer concentric regions is substantially axial. As shown by arrows 121 flow in the outer concentric region 110, which provides a bi-directional cavity, and the secondary air passage 119, which provides a bi-directional air passage, may flow in either direction. Flow rejected by the inducer may thereby be expelled outwardly. Vanes 138, which may be movable and arranged in one or more arrays, may be employed to induce swirl as will be described subsequently.

[0030] In a first alternative embodiment seen in FIG. 4, the main air passage 116 is engaged to the first air cleaner 115 providing axial flow, while a secondary air passage 122 connecting to outer concentric region 110 turns to receive inlet flow radially from a second air cleaner 123.

[0031] In the design of a compressor wheel or impeller, the blade shape at the inducer has a varying angle to the incoming flow from hub to shroud. This is because the tip speed of the blade increases from hub to shroud. Being subsonic flow in the passage before the inducer, the flow field in the inducer feeds back into the passage flow field and creates a swirl in the passage, with the highest swirl in the outer part of the passage, and the least swirl in the center of the passage.

[0032] As sub-sonic flow, this swirl tends to be self-aligning. Having the separate concentric regions in the inlet passage, as previously described, tends to allow different regions of the inlet passage to align with the corresponding region in the wheel inducer. Further, each region may employ vanes 139 or texturing over a portion of or the entire length producing subdivided passages that are constructed with a positive or negative swirl angle as seen in FIG. 5.

[0033] A second alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 allows the use of just one inlet with one air cleaner. This embodiment includes a valve 124 that can be opened or closed. When the valve is open as shown in FIG. 6, air flows from the air cleaner 125 to through secondary air passage 122 into the outer region 110 and into the compressor inducer 103 as indicated by arrows 126. This flow then augments the primary flow (indicated by arrows 127) through inner region 109 into the inducer.

[0034] When closed as shown in FIG. 7, the valve 124 directs flow rejected from the inducer (indicated by arrows 128) into an exit duct 129

[0035] The valve 124 for an exemplary embodiment is passive, using the vacuum and pressures existing within the housing to move a control piston 130 carried in cylinder 131 to either of two positions with appropriate porting of the cylinder. It can also be designed to be actively controlled, wherein the boost pressure can be applied in the cylinder 131 to one side of the piston if a solenoid (not shown) is energized, or the cylinder vented to ambient or sub-ambient pressure from the inlet stream if the solenoid is not activated.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 8, the wide flow range inlet may also be incorporated with a ported shroud. An additional passage is provided in the form of a ported shroud cavity 8 from the outer region 110 of the air inlet passage to a slot 9 adjacent to a compressor shroud line 132, substantially midway (40-60%) down the compressor shroud line between the inducer and exducer.

[0037] Another alternative to adding a second air filter is to cool the hot air in the outer concentric region when rejected by the inducer and then merge it back into the main flow in the inner concentric region as shown in FIG. 9. Engine cooling water is typically too hot to provide cooling so a low temperature cooling source would be necessary. Various engines now have a second cooling loop 134 which is very close to ambient temperature, and thus would be an appropriate cooling source for attachment to a heat exchanger 135 located in the outer concentric region 110 distal from the plane of the inducer. Divider wall 111 terminates past the heat exchanger in a common inlet plenum 135 proximate the air filter 125. Flow rejected by the inducer flows through the heat exchanger 136 and is then returned to the inner concentric region 109 (as represented by arrows 137).