HYBRID BUILDING SYSTEM, BUILDING AND METHOD
20230203829 · 2023-06-29
Inventors
- David Lee JONES (Wilmslow, GB)
- Edward Ross SHENTON (Wilmslow, GB)
- Anthony Robert CHERRY (Wilmslow, GB)
Cpc classification
E04H1/04
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
E04H1/12
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
E04H1/02
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
International classification
E04H1/12
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
E04H1/04
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
Abstract
Hybrid buildings, hybrid building systems and methods of constructing hybrid buildings are disclosed. First and second building sections forming part of such buildings are also disclosed. One such hybrid residential building (1600) comprises a first building section (1610) and a second building section (1620). The first building section is an on-site construction at a final location for the building and comprises a lower storey (1611) defining an internal volume (1613) that provides a lower living space (1615) within the building, and an upper storey (1617) defining an internal volume (1619) that provides an upper living space (1621) within the building. The second building section defines an internal volume (1623) and is transportable to the final location in a substantially assembled form. The first and second building sections are connected at the final location to form the building. The second building section defines a circulation space (1649) for the building, access between the upper and lower living spaces of the first building section being provided via the circulation space.
Claims
1-89. (canceled)
90. A method of constructing a hybrid residential building comprising the steps of: constructing a first building section at a final location for the building; at a location away from the final location, constructing a second building section to a substantially assembled form; transporting the second building section to the final location in the substantially assembled form; and connecting the first and second building sections to form the building; in which the step of constructing the first building section comprises providing the first building section with a lower storey defining an internal volume that provides a lower living space within the building, and an upper storey defining an internal volume that provides an upper living space within the building; in which the step of constructing the second building section comprises providing the second building section with an internal volume; and in which the method comprises the further step of arranging the second building section so that its internal volume defines a circulation space for the building, access between the upper and lower living spaces of the first building section being provided via the circulation space.
91. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the first building section at the final location comprises using building materials provided at a site defining the final location, an internal volume of the first building section being formed entirely at the final location.
92. A method as claimed in claim 91, in which the step of constructing the first building section comprises providing a kit of the building materials on the site at the final location.
93. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the first building section comprises constructing the first building section of: a blockwork construction; a timber frame and blockwork construction; a timber frame and cladding construction; a metal frame construction; a time-setting 3D printed construction; and combinations thereof.
94. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the first building section comprises forming the internal volume entirely at the final location by constructing a metal frame support structure from metal structural elements provided at the site, and coupling a plurality of panels to the metal frame support structure.
95. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the first building section comprises forming the internal volume entirely at the final location using structural insulated panels.
96. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the first building section comprises forming the internal volume entirely at the final location by constructing a timber frame from timber frame components provided at the site.
97. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the method further comprises arranging the first and second building sections so that they each provide part of an external perimeter of the building.
98. A method as claimed in claim 90, comprising constructing the first building section at the final location, and then connecting the second building section to the first building section.
99. A method as claimed in claim 90, comprising locating the second building section on the site at the final location, and then constructing the first building section and connecting it to the second building section.
100. A method as claimed in claim 99, in which the first building section is built from the second building section, using the second building section as a support for parts of the first building section.
101. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the second building section comprises arranging its internal volume so that it provides a further living space within the building.
102. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the second building section comprises providing the second building section with a staircase, a hallway and a landing, each of which provides part of the circulation space.
103. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the second building section comprises providing the second building section with one or more of: a washroom, a bathroom and an ensuite.
104. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the second building section comprises constructing a plurality of subsections which each define a respective part of the internal building volume of the second building section.
105. A method as claimed in claim 104, comprising configuring the subsections so that, in the constructed building, said parts of the internal building volume defined by the subsections communicate with one-another, to permit movement between the different parts.
106. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which: the step of constructing the second building section comprises constructing a plurality of subsections which are configured to be connected at the final location to form the completed building section; the step of transporting the second building section to the final location comprises transporting the subsections to the final location in a disconnected state; and the method further comprises connecting the subsections together at the final location to form the second building section.
107. A method as claimed in claim 90, comprising arranging the living space of the first building section so that it forms at least part of one or more room selected from the group comprising: a kitchen; a dining room; a living room; a bedroom; and an open plan room comprising a plurality of different usage areas.
108. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the first building section comprises providing the first building section with two or more open faces and configuring it to receive the second building section at the two or more open faces; and in which the step of connecting the building sections comprises docking the second building section with the first building section to close the two or more open faces.
109. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the second building section comprises providing the second building section with one or more external walls; and in which the step of connecting the building sections comprises arranging the second building section so that the one or more external walls are provided as one or more internal walls of the first building section.
110. A method as claimed in claim 90, comprising servicing the building with one or more services via the second building section.
111. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the first building section comprises forming the section as a free-standing, self-supporting structure.
112. A method as claimed in claim 90, in which the step of constructing the second building section comprises providing the second building section with a metal frame support structure, and in which the step of connecting the building sections comprises securing one or more structural element of the first building section to the metal frame support structure of the second building section.
Description
[0375] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
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[0401] Referring firstly to
[0402] The first building section 110 can take the form of a dock, reference to which may be made throughout this document. The term “dock” is used to describe a building section to which another building section may be docked, installed, connected, or attached. The first building section 110 is an on-site construction at a final location of the building 100, which may be a fixed, on-site location. That is, the building 100 has a final, fixed, on-site location. In this exemplary embodiment, said final, fixed, on-site location is determined by construction plans and fixed by virtue of building foundations. The term “on-site location” is used to refer to the building site, which will be understood to refer to the immediate proximity of the building 100 and the entire building site, including housing estate, on which the building 100 is to be built. It will be understood that the site may be a large building/construction site comprising a plurality of plots, the final location for the building 100 being provided by one of said plots.
[0403] The second building section 120 can take the form of a module, reference to which may be made throughout this document. The term “module” is used to describe a building section which is dockable, installable, connectable, or attachable to another building section, particularly a first building section in the form of a dock. The second building section 120 is transportable to the final location in a substantially assembled form.
[0404] In the illustrated embodiment, the first building section 110 is configured to receive the second building section 120. The second building section 120 is connected to and received by the first building section 110. The second building section 120 is connected to the first building section 110 at the final location of the building 100, thereby to provide said building 100 at the final, fixed, on-site location.
[0405] During construction of the first building section 110 at the on-site location, the first building section 110 is preconfigured to receive the second building section 120. That is, the first building section 110 is constructed with the knowledge and design that a second building section is to be subsequently connected, and the first building section 110 is thus preconfigured for connection and receipt of the second building section. This could relate to the shaping of the first building section 110, through to sealing and connection features.
[0406] The first building section 110, in the illustrated embodiment, is configured to removably receive the second building section 120. That is, the first building section 110 is configured to receive the second building section 120 in a receivable manner such that the second building section 120 can be removed, if and when desired, to facilitate replacement and/or modification of the second building section 120. The second building section 120 is portable, in a form to be connected to and received by the first building section 110. That is, the second building section 120 can be formed in a single piece, or as a structural whole, so that it can be transported to the first building section 110 in a constructed or substantially constructed form, to be connected to the first building section.
[0407] The first building section 110 is configured to receive the second building section 120, so that the first and second building sections may be connected. The first building section 110 and the second building section 120 may be provided with male-female structures, for facilitating the connection, or guiding the connection. This might also facilitate an at least partial sealing of or between the second building section 120 and the first building section 110. In another example, the first building section 110 might closely abut against the second building section 120, and there may be no male-female structures. This might also facilitate an at least partial sealing of or between the second building section 120 and the first building section 110.
[0408] As best shown in
[0409] Another way of describing this is that the first building section 110 has an L-shaped cross section, having two elongate regions 112, 114 perpendicularly connected and the second building section 120 is connected to both elongate regions 112, 114 of the L-shaped cross-section.
[0410] The second building section 120 comprises first and second external walls 120a and 120b disposed adjacent one another, and which together form a corner 120c of the second building section. The first and second external walls 120a, b are disposed at non-parallel angles relative to one another, and in the illustrated embodiment are substantially perpendicular. The first and second external walls 120a, b are each connected to a respective one of the first and second portions 112, 114 of the first building section 110, so that the corner 120c of the second building section 120 is disposed within the building 100, when the building sections are connected. The angle between the first and second portions 112, 114 of the first building section 110 is the same as the angle between the first and second external walls 120a, b of the second building section 120.
[0411] As best shown in
[0412] Referring to
[0413] Optional step 430 comprises manufacturing the second building section at the different location. In one exemplary embodiment, the different location is an off-site location. In a preferred embodiment, the different location is a manufacturing factory/facility, or manufacturing building, for manufacturing the second building section to be used in constructing the building. The manufacturing facility is generally provided away from the construction of the first building section 110, and generally off-site, where there is space for a large-scale facility for manufacturing the second building sections 120. However, the manufacturing facility could be provided on or as part of such a larger building site (but distanced from a plot forming a final location for the building 100), and could be used for constructing a plurality of second building sections which are to be used in the construction of a plurality of buildings.
[0414] Referring to
[0415] Referring to
[0416] As shown in
[0417] Referring to
[0418] The second building section 120 and/or the further second building section 150 of either embodiment (that is, where the further second building section 150 is formed from a modified original building section, or is a new second building section 150 that is different to the original building section 120) contains a staircase, W/C, washroom, delivery drop off area, hallway, bathroom, an en-suite, front doorway (and door), side doorway (and door), and windows. The skilled person will appreciate that the second building sections 120, 150 therefore comprise almost all of the important facilities and rooms of a residential building. In this way, modification of the building 100 is readily performed, by replacement of the original second building section 120 with the further second building section 150.
[0419] Referring to
[0420] Referring to
[0421] Connecting the second building section 120 to the first building section 110 provides the one or more external walls of the second building section 120 as one or more separating walls between the second building section 120 and the first building section 110. The separating walls provide a fire break between the second building section 120 and the first building section 110. That is, the separating walls may be fire-resistant, or fire-proof, walls. The one or more external walls of the second building section 120 provide all walkway exits from the first building section 110. That is, the external walls of the second building section 120 comprise doors and other walkway openings from the first building section 110 to the second building section 120, and furthermore to outside the building 100 (and so to the building exterior).
[0422] In this exemplary embodiment, the first building section 110 has one or more open faces. Step 1020 comprises docking the second building section 120 to the first building section 110 to close the one or more open faces and thereby construct the building 100. Connecting the second building section 120 to the first building section 110 to provide the one or more internal walls of the first building section 110 closes internal building volumes provided within the first and second building sections 110 and 120.
[0423] In the illustrated embodiment, the second building section 120 and the first building section 110 are each self-supporting. That is, the second building section 120 and the first building section 110 are constructible independently as separate building section structures. The first building section 110 comprises external walls comprising a support structure for supporting the building section, and one or more internal walls. When the second building section 120 is connected to the first building section 110, the one or more external walls of the second building section 120 provide structural support to the first building section 110. Each of the second building section 120 and first building section 110 comprise a metal (typically steel) frame support structure, which is provided in the external walls of the second building section 120 and the first building section 110. Parts of the steel frame support structure of the first building section 110 are shown in
[0424] The metal frame structure of the first and/or second building sections may comprise hot-formed (e.g. hot rolled) structural elements. This may be beneficial as such hot-formed structural elements can span reasonably large distances, which can facilitate the formation of apertures (e.g. doorways) at perimeters of the building sections.
[0425] Referring back to
[0426] Referring to
[0427] Referring back to
[0428] Where the one or more services comprise an electrical power supply and telecoms, the electrical power and telecoms can be wirelessly transmitted to the first building section 110 by the second building section 120, for example using a wireless power transfer (WPT) system and Wi-Fi technology. The second building section 120 and first building section 110 comprise connectors between the building sections for facilitating the provision of services from the second building section 120 to the first building section 110. Where the one or more services comprise a water supply, all wet facilities may be provided within the second building section 120, which leads to a better arrangement of fluidic conduits and management of water flow in the building 100.
[0429] The first building section 110 comprises internal walls 116. The internal walls 116 are devoid of electrical cabling and fluidic conduits. The internal walls 116 are relocatable (i.e. moveable) and removable. As described above, said internal walls 116 are absent the steel frame support structure.
[0430] As shown in
[0431] Referring to
[0432] Referring to
[0433] Referring back to
[0434] As described above, in the illustrated embodiment, the second building section 120 and the first building section 110 are each self-supporting. That is, the second building section 120 and the first building section 110 are constructible independently as separate building section structures. The first building section 110 comprises external walls comprising a support structure for supporting the first building section 110, and one or more internal walls. When the second building section 120 is connected to the first building section 110, the one or more external walls of the second building section 120 provide structural support to the first building section 110. Each of the second building section 120 and the first building section 110 comprise a metal (e.g. steel) frame support structure, which is provided in the external walls of the building sections. The first building section 110 comprises one or more relocatable (i.e. moveable) and removable internal walls. Said internal walls are absent the steel frame support structure.
[0435] In this exemplary embodiment, the second building section 120 extends over the open face of the first building section 110. The second building section 120 connects to the first building section structure, thereby to form the hybrid residential building 100.
[0436] Referring to
[0437] Docking the second building section 120 to the first building section 110 to close the one or more open faces closes internal building volumes defined within the first and second building sections. Docking the second building section 120 to the first building section 110 closes all open faces of the first building section 110. Docking the second building section 120 to the first building section 110 to close the open faces provides the external structure of the building 100 and some of the external walls of the building 100, which are provided by some of the external walls of the second building section 120.
[0438] Where the second building section 120 comprises external walls, step 1420 comprises connecting the second building section 120 to the first building section 110 thereby to provide the one or more external walls of the second building section 120 as one or more internal walls of the first building section 110.
[0439] Referring to
[0440] The hybrid residential buildings shown in
[0441] Turning now to
[0442] The building 1600 again takes the form of a detached house or dwelling, and comprises a first building section 1610 and a second building section 1620. The first building section 1610 is an on-site construction at a final location for the building, and comprises a lower storey 1611 defining an internal volume 1613 that provides a lower living space 1615 within the building, and an upper storey 1617 defining an internal volume 1619 that provides an upper living space 1621 within the building 1600. The second building section 1620 also defines an internal volume 1623, and is transportable to the final location (e.g. from an off-site manufacturing facility) in a substantially assembled form. The first and second building sections 1610 and 1620 are connectable at the final location to form the building 1600.
[0443] The residential building 1600 is a hybrid building in that part of the building is an on-site construction at the final location (the first building section 1610), and part is constructed separately and transported to the final location (the second building section 1620). The building 1600 is formed at the final location by connecting the first and second building sections 1610 and 1620 together. It will be understood that this definition of a hybrid residential building applies to the further buildings described elsewhere in this document, including the embodiments of
[0444] In the embodiment of
[0445] The provision of an access route 1625 which passes through the second building section 1620 offers numerous advantages which are discussed elsewhere in this document. Particular advantages however include that: wear and tear occurring due to the movement of people between the upper and lower living spaces 1621 and 1615 occurs primarily in the second building section 1620 (which can be removable and replaceable); and that on-site construction of the first building section 1610 can be achieved relatively cheaply and quickly.
[0446] It will be understood that the first building section 1610 is an on-site construction in that it is constructed on the building site, at the final location for the building 1600, suitably using an arrangement of parts, components and/or materials which are provided at the site. Options include: a blockwork/masonry construction e.g. of clay bricks and/or cement blocks; a timber frame and blockwork/masonry construction; a timber frame and cladding construction; a metal frame construction (optionally comprising panels coupled to the frame e.g. structural insulated ‘SIP’ panels); a time-setting 3D printed construction e.g. of a cementitious material; and combinations thereof.
[0447] As discussed above, the second building section 1620 is transportable to the final location in a substantially assembled form. To enable this, it may be preferred that the second building section 1620 is constructed to a state in which: it can be transported safely to the site for connection to the first building section 1610 (i.e. it has sufficient structural integrity/rigidity for transport purposes); minimal further work is required to be carried out in order to connect the second building section 1620 to the first building section 1610; and/or minimal further work is required to complete a portion of the building 1600 formed by the second building section 1620. Such further work may be of a structural and/or weatherproofing nature, and may exclude work associated with a final fit-out of the second building section 1620, for example of a decorative nature (in particular the application of ‘perishable’ materials such as plaster/plasterboard, decorative panels and surface finishes such as paint). The first building section 1610 is substantially L-shaped, as discussed above. The second building section 1620 defines or forms a corner (external) of the building, when connected to the first building section 1610, and closes two open faces 1630 of the first section. The second building section 1620 also includes a corner disposed within the building 1600, when the sections 1610 and 1620 are connected, which is defined by first and second perpendicularly disposed (adjacent) external walls of the second section, which form internal walls in the assembled building.
[0448] The access route 1625 passing through the second building section 1620 is defined primarily by a staircase 1627 provided within the second building section, which is shown in the plan sectional views of
[0449] As can be seen by comparing
[0450] The second building section 1620 is configured so that its internal volume 1623 communicates with both the internal volume 1619 defined by the upper storey 1617 of the first building section 1610, and with the internal volume 1613 defined by the lower storey 1611 of the first building section, when the first and second building sections are connected. The second building section 1620 therefore serves to connect the internal volumes 1613 and 1619 of the lower and upper storeys 1611 and 1617.
[0451] The second building section 1620 is additionally configured to facilitate access between an exterior 1637 of the building 1600 and the internal volumes 1613, 1619 of the first building section 1610 (and so into the building 1600). This is best shown in
[0452] It will be understood that the principle outlined above is applicable not just to multi-storey buildings of the type shown in the drawings. Access between a building exterior and an internal volume of a building (particularly a first building section) can similarly be provided in a single storey house or dwelling, such as a bungalow.
[0453] Referring now to
[0454] The second building section 1620 is configured to provide access between the living spaces 1641 to 1645, and so between the various bedrooms, when the first 1610 and second 1620 building sections are connected. The access between the living spaces 1641 to 1645 is provided through the second building section 1620. For example, the first and second building sections 1610 and 1620 can be configured so that an access route 1647 between the various living spaces 1641 to 1645 of the first building section 1610 passes through the second building section 1620.
[0455] The second building section is additionally configured so that its internal volume 1623 communicates with both the first living space 1641 of the first building section 1610, and with the further living spaces 1643 and 1645, when the first and second building sections are connected. In this way, the second building section 1620 serves to connect the living spaces 1641 to 1645, and so the various bedrooms.
[0456] Referring now to
[0457] For example, access between the upper living space 1621 and the lower the living space 1615 of the first building section 1610 is provided via the circulation space 1649. The circulation space 1649 defines the access route 1625 between the living spaces 1615 and 1621, and provides the required access.
[0458] Access into the first building section 1610 from the outside or exterior 1623 of the building 1600 is also provided via the circulation space 1649. The circulation space 1649 defines the access route 1635 between the building exterior 1637 and the lower storey internal volume 1613 (and also the upper storey internal volume 1619, via the staircase 1627).
[0459] The circulation space 1649 also facilitates communication between the internal volume 1623 of the second building section 1620 and the internal volumes 1613 and 1619 of the first building section lower and upper storeys 1611 and 1617.
[0460] The circulation space 1649 also provides access between different living spaces within the first building section 1610, as well as between different usage areas of the building section. Specifically, the circulation space 1649 provides the access route 1647 between the various bedrooms 1641 to 1645 in the upper storey 1617 of the first building section 1610. The circulation space 1649 also provides access/an access route between different usage areas 1615a to c of the first building section 1610. The circulation space 1649 communicates with both the various usage areas 1615a to c, and with the various bedrooms 1641 to 1645, to thereby connect these different usage areas/living spaces.
[0461] The circulation space 1649 comprises the staircase 1627, a downstairs or lower storey hallway 1651, an upstairs or upper storey landing 1653, and one or more doorway. In the illustrated embodiment, the second building section 1620 provides all doorways between the building exterior 1637 and the interior of the building 1600, as well as between different rooms or areas of the first building section 1610 and the second building section itself. The circulation space 1649 therefore includes all doorways required to gain access to the rooms/areas within the first building section 1610. This is of particular benefit as the fitting of doorways (and mounting of doors in the doorways) is a skilled job which can be carried out in a verifiable manner in the off-site manufacturing facility.
[0462] Also, it is well known that light switches are typically provided adjacent doorways. Providing the circulation space 1649 including all such doorways allows all (or most) of the switches associated with lights in the first building section rooms 1641 to 1645, and areas 1615a to 1615c, to be provided in the second building section 1620. A benefit of this is that power for operating the lights can be routed into the second building section 1620 (optionally via a services hub as described elsewhere in this document), and then to the light switches. This can simplify construction of the first building section 1610, as it may then only be necessary to connect light fittings in the rooms/areas to the switches, which may be via connectors provided on or in the second building section 1620 (or via wireless transmission, as explained elsewhere in this document).
[0463] The doorways include the front doorway 1639, and internal doorways 1655a to g. The internal doorways 1655a and b provide access between the second building section 1620 and the different usage areas 1615a to c of an open plan room of the lower living space 1615. Doorway 1655a provides access to a leisure/living area 1615a of the open plan room 1615, whilst doorway 1655b provides access to a dining area 1615b and a kitchen area 1615c. Doorway 1655c provides access between the kitchen area 1615c and a utility room 1657 in the second building section 1620. Doorways 1655d to f provide access respectively to the bedrooms 1641 to 1645. Doorway 1655g provides access between the master bedroom 1641 and an ensuite 1659 in the second building section 1620. A void or space 1665c can be provided in the utility room 1657 (or between a wall of the utility room and an external wall of the building section 1620), which can be used as a riser or passage for passing services upwardly within the second building section 1620 (such as water pipes, air ducts, and electrical, data or telecommunication cables). Options for the leisure/living area (and indeed for other rooms or areas in the building 1600) include a home office, and play, gaming or cinema rooms.
[0464] As can be seen from the drawings, the first building section 1610 is devoid of a main or front doorway, the main doorway 1639 being provided by the second building section 1620, when connected. In the illustrated embodiment, the first building section 1610 is devoid of any doorway to the building exterior 1637, so that the sole access route/access between the exterior 1637 and the interior of the first building section is provided by the main doorway 1639 in the second building section 1620. The first building section 1610 is also devoid of any internal doorways, all doorways providing access within the completed building 1600 being in the second building section 1620.
[0465] The second building section 1620, in particular its circulation space 1649, is therefore configured to provide the doorway 1639 which communicates with the exterior 1637, and all of the internal doorways 1639 and 1655a-g which permit circulation within the building 1600 and between the building sections (or in a variation, a majority of the internal doorways).
[0466] Residential building doorways are typically at least around 800 mm in width, and optionally up to around 900 mm in width. A sum of the widths of the doorways provided by the second building section 1620 which communicate with the first building section 1610, optionally for each storey of the first building section, is typically: greater than about 1800 mm (i.e. more than two doorways per storey); optionally at least about 2400 mm (i.e. at least three doorways); and may be at least about 2700 mm. In the illustrated embodiment, a sum of the width of such doorways at a lower storey level of the second building section 1620 (comprising doorways 1639 and 1655a to c) is at least 3200 mm, and optionally up to 3600 mm. A sum of the width of such doorways at an upper storey level of the second building section 1620 (comprising doorways 1655d to g) is similarly at least 3200 mm, and optionally up to 3600 mm.
[0467] Whilst the circulation space 1649 in the building 1600 provides functions including access between upper and lower storeys 1617 and 1611 of its first building section 1610, the circulation space 1649 also has a use in single storey residential buildings of the type described above. Specifically, the circulation space 1649 can provide access/an access route into a first building section of such a building.
[0468] The circulation space 1649 is configured to provide access to three or more rooms of the building, which rooms are all be provided by a living space of the first building section 1610, and can be on a single level or storey of the building 1600. In the illustrated embodiment, the circulation space 1649 provides access to the three bedrooms 1641 to 1645 in the first building section upper storey 1617, which are defined by the upper living space 1621, and at a common level. The circulation space 1649 can also be configured to provide access to a plurality of rooms of the building 1600 provided by the lower storey living space 1615 of the first building section 1610. In the illustrated embodiment however, the circulation space 1649 provides access to the plurality of different usage areas 1615a to c of the single room defined by the lower living space 1615, some of the areas (and optionally all in other embodiments) being accessed using different doorways 1655a/b.
[0469] The first building section 1610 has a total internal volume, which is the sum of the internal volume defined by its lower storey 1611, and the internal volume defined by its upper storey 1617. In situations where there is only one storey then the total internal volume would be the volume of that storey. In situations where there are more than two storeys then the total internal volume would be the sum of the volumes of all its storeys.
[0470] The hybrid residential building 1600 also has a total internal volume, which is the sum of the total internal volume of the first building section 1610, and the internal volume 1623 of the second building section 1620.
[0471] The second building section 1620 suitably defines at least around 15% of the total internal volume of the building 1600, optionally at least around 20%, optionally at least around 25%, and optionally up to around 30% of said volume. The first building section 1610 suitably defines no more than around 85% of the total internal volume of the building 1600, optionally no more than around 80%, optionally no more than around 75%, and optionally no more than around 70% of said volume. A ratio of the total internal volume of the building 1600 provided by the second building section 1620 relative to the total internal volume of the building provided by the first building section 1610 is suitably around 15:85, optionally around 20:80, optionally around 25:75, and optionally around 30:70. In a variation, which may apply particularly to smaller buildings, the second building section could provide up to around 50% of the total internal volume of the building (and so around a 50:50 ratio of second building section volume relative to the total).
[0472] Arranging the second building section 1620 to provide between around 15% to 30% of the total internal volume of the building 1600, and in particular up to around 30% of the internal volume, provides sufficient volume for a usable space (optionally comprising a living space) within the second building section, and for the required access to be provided passing through it. Restricting the proportion of the total living space provided by the second building section 1620 to no more than around 30% of the building 1600 total may also facilitate construction of the second building section, and/or its transportation to the final location (by effectively limiting its size). In the illustrated embodiment, the second building section 1620 provides up to around 30% of the total internal volume of the building 1600. Particular ranges for illustrated embodiments are around 24% to around 28%.
[0473] The internal volume 1623 of the second building section 1620 provides a further living space within the building 1600. In particular, and referring back to
[0474] Referring to
[0475] The second building section 1620 suitably defines at least around 20% of the total external surface area of the building 1600 (provided by the external/outer surface 1603), optionally at least around 25%, and optionally up to around 30% of said surface area. In a preferred option, the second building section 1620 defines between around 24% and around 28% of said surface area. The first building section 1610 defines no more than around 80% of the total surface area of the building 1600, optionally no more than around 75%, and optionally no more than around 70% of said surface area. Arranging the second building section 1620 so that it provides between around 15% to 30% of the total surface area of the building 1600, and in particular up to around 30% of the surface area, provides sufficient usable internal space within the second building section, and for the required access passing through it. Restricting the proportion of the total surface area (and so internal space) provided by the second building section 1620 to no more than around 30% also facilitates construction of the second building section, and its transportation to the final location. In a variation, which may apply particularly to smaller buildings, the second building section could provide up to around 50% of the total surface area of the building.
[0476] The principles of the invention apply to buildings of alternative types, including semi-detached and terraced houses (one of which will be described below). It will be understood that buildings of these further types share one or more wall with an adjacent building. In buildings of these types, at least some of the walls that form a perimeter of the building may not be external walls, in that they may be shared with an adjacent building (and so effectively form interior walls of the buildings). In these situations, the surface area sharing principles outlined above may apply to proportions of a perimeter of the building defined by first and second building sections (including any such shared internal walls), and/or portions of the external surface defined by such internal walls may comprise surfaces which face outwardly of the building e.g. into an adjacent building.
[0477] Reference is made in this document to living spaces defined by different parts of the building 1600 (e.g. by the storeys 1611 and 1617 of the first building section 1610, and by the second building section 1620). In the context of the invention, a living space should be taken to mean an area within which a person can live, and which may exclude: storage areas (e.g. cupboards, closets, garage); technical areas (e.g. boiler rooms or cupboards, water storage tank cupboards); attics, lofts, basements and cellars (unless they provide a livable space e.g. a bedroom); and outdoor spaces (e.g. decks, patios, balconies and verandas) Living spaces will typically be covered or enclosed (in the completed building), and heated. A non-limiting list of rooms or areas that may fall within the definition of ‘living space’ includes: kitchens, bedrooms, living/sitting and leisure rooms, dining rooms, bathrooms, W/Cs and ensuites.
[0478] As explained above, living spaces provided by the first building section 1610 form at least part of a plurality of rooms. The one or more room may be selected from the group comprising: a kitchen; a dining room; a living or sitting room (or leisure room); a bedroom; and an open plan room comprising a plurality of different usage areas. The usage areas may be selected from the group comprising: a kitchen area; a dining area; and a living, sitting and/or leisure area. Whilst it may be preferable to provide a kitchen in the first building section 1610 (as shown in the drawings), the second building section 1620 could optionally include a kitchen.
[0479] In the illustrated embodiment, the upper living space 1621 of the first building section 1610 forms the bedrooms 1641 to 1645, and the lower living space 1615 forms the open plan room 1615 (which includes the living/leisure, dining and kitchen areas 1615a to c). The lower living space 1615 may however comprise at least some separate rooms, which are isolated from one another within the first building section 1610 (in a similar way to the bedrooms 1641 to 1645), and which may e.g. define a living or sitting room, dining room and/or kitchen. Also, and depending on factors including building design and ground conditions (e.g. a slope or inclination of the land), the room or rooms provided by the upper 1621 and lower 1615 living spaces may be reversed, or varied from that shown. For example, the lower living space 1615 may provide at least part of a bedroom or bedrooms, and the upper living space 1621 may provide at least part of a kitchen, dining room and/or living room. Bedrooms could be provided in both living spaces 1615 and 1621.
[0480] As explained above, the open plan room 1615 comprises a kitchen area 1615c. A kitchen positioned in the kitchen area 1615c comprises two sets of kitchen units 1667a and 1667b (
[0481] Services for the kitchen (including electrical power, water supply, sewerage/wastewater outlet and/or gas supply) are provided by the second building section 1620. The second building section 1620 comprises connectors (indicated schematically at 1671) for providing the services to the kitchen. The set of kitchen units 1667a (and optionally set 1667b) can be connected to an external wall 1673 of the second building section 1620, which forms an internal wall of the building 1600 when the building sections 1610 and 1620 are connected. The kitchen units 1667a/b can be hung from the external wall 1673 if desired. The kitchen may comprise a mounting panel (not shown) to which the set of kitchen units 1667a is mounted, the panel being coupled or connected to the external wall 1673.
[0482] Referring to
[0483] The subsections 1675 and 1677 are independently transportable and connectable on the building site (at the final location). The subsections 1675 and 1677 are stackable (directly or indirectly), and suitably arranged so that they can be stacked one on top of the other, as shown in
[0484] The lower subsection 1675 forms a lower storey of the second building section 1620, which communicates with the internal volume 1613 defined by the lower storey 1611 of the first building section 1610. The lower subsection 1675 comprises a floor 1681 which is at a level that is substantially the same as that of a floor 1683 of the first building section lower storey 1611. The upper subsection 1677 forms an upper storey of the second building section 1620, which communicates with the internal volume 1619 defined by the upper storey 1617 of the first building section 1610. The upper subsection comprises a floor 1685 which is at a level that is substantially the same as that of a floor 1687 of the first building section upper storey 1617 (and which is vertically above the floor level 1683 of the first building section lower storey 1611).
[0485] The lower subsection 1675 comprises the staircase 1627. The upper subsection 1677 comprises an aperture or opening 1689 which communicates with the staircase 1627 when the subsections 1675 and 1677 are connected, to permit passage between the subsections via the staircase. The aperture 1689 opens on to the landing 1653 (
[0486] The first and second building sections 1610 and 1620 can also be configured so that there is a substantially air-tight seal between the building sections. This may be advantageous in restricting air ingress into the building 1600, and air egress from the building, at an interface 1652 (
[0487] In a variation, a seal may be provided which is arranged to overlie at least part of one of the building sections 1610 and 1620, and may be arranged so that it overlies the interface 1652. An exemplary seal element 1648a providing such a seal is shown in
[0488]
[0489] The building 1700 again takes the form of a detached house, and its first building section 1710 has a lower storey 1711 and an upper storey 1717. The lower storey 1711 has an internal volume 1713 defining a lower living space 1715, which again forms an open plan room. The open plan room 1715 includes a living/leisure area 1715a, dining area 1715b and kitchen area 1715c. The upper storey 1717 has an internal volume 1719 defining an upper living space 1721. In this case, the upper living space 1721 provides a master bedroom 1741, as well as further bedrooms 1743, 1745 and 1793, plus a supplementary bedroom (or family room/office) 1791.
[0490] The second building section 1720 again comprises a main or front doorway 1739, and a staircase 1727. An access route 1725 between the upper and lower living spaces 1721 and 1715 of the first building section 1710 again passes through the second building section 1720. In addition, the second building section 1720 is configured so that its internal volume 1723 (comprising lower and upper storey parts 1723a and b) communicates with both the internal volume 1719 defined by the upper storey 1717 of the first building section 1710, and with the internal volume 1713 defined by the lower storey 1711 of the first building section, when the first and second building sections are connected.
[0491] The second building section 1720 is additionally configured to facilitate access between an exterior 1737 of the building 1700 and the internal volumes 1713, 1719 of the first building section 1710 (and so into the building 1700). The second building section 1720 provides an access route 1735 between the building exterior 1737 and the lower storey internal volume 1713. The access route 1735 passes through or includes the main doorway 1739.
[0492] The first and second building sections 1710 and 1720 are also configured so that an access route 1747 between the various bedrooms 1741 to 1745, 1791 and 1793 passes through the second building section 1720. The second building section 1720 (in particular its internal volume 1723) further defines a circulation space or zone for the building 1700 (not shown, but similar to that shown at 1649 in
[0493] It will be understood from the above and from the drawings that the first and second building sections 1710 and 1720 are therefore configured in a similar way to the building sections 1610 and 1620 in terms of the access routes, access, internal volume communication and circulation space which is provided within the building 1700. Certain areas of difference are however as follows.
[0494] The second building section 1720 includes a delivery drop-off area 1795 which can be accessed from the building exterior 1737 via a doorway 1797. A utility room 1757 in the second building section 1720 can again be accessed from its kitchen area 1715c, but in this case also provides access to the delivery drop-off area 1795, through an internal doorway 1799. A further access route from the building exterior 1737 into the first building section 1710 can therefore be provided through the drop-off area 1795 and the utility room 1757. A services hub 1740 is once again accessible from the building exterior 1737, but could potentially be accessed also via the utility room 1757 (e.g. via another internal doorway). In addition to a downstairs W/C 1761, an ensuite 1759 for the master bedroom 1741 and a bathroom 1785, the second building section includes an upstairs W/C 1761a.
[0495] Although most of the bedrooms 1741 to 1745, 1791 and 1793 are isolated from one another in the first building section 1710, access is provided between the bedrooms 1745 and 1791 without requiring that an occupant pass into the second building section 1720. However, access from any of the other bedrooms 1741, 1743 or 1793 into either bedroom 1745 or 1791 does require that the occupant pass into the second building section 1720. This is achieved via a landing 1753a provided in the first building section 1710 and which communicates with both a landing 1753 of the second building section 1720, and with the bedrooms 1745 and 1791 (via internal doorways of the bedrooms). The second building section 1720 therefore again provides sole access into three bedrooms of the building 1700, access into the two remaining bedrooms being facilitated by the landing 1753a. This may be advantageous in that a dimension of the landing 1753 (and so ultimately of the second building section 1720) can be optimised to provide the best balance of access and size (for transportation purposes).
[0496]
[0497] The building 1800 in this embodiment takes the form of a semi-detached house. Part of a further building of the same type is shown to the right in the drawing and indicated at 1800a. The further building 1800a shares a common wall with the building 1800, and is a mirror image of the building 1800. The first building section 1810 has a lower storey 1811 and an upper storey 1817. The lower storey 1811 has an internal volume 1813 defining a lower living space 1815, which forms an open plan room. The open plan room 1815 includes a living/leisure area 1815a, dining area 1815b and kitchen area 1815c. The upper storey 1817 has an internal volume 1819 defining an upper living space 1821. In this case, the upper living space 1821 provides a master bedroom 1841, and further bedrooms 1843 and 1845.
[0498] The second building section 1820 again comprises a main or front doorway 1839, and a staircase 1827. It will be understood from
[0499] The second building section 1820 includes a patio-type doorway 1839a which provides a further access route from the building exterior 1837 into the first building section 1810, in this case directly into the first building section. The second building section 1820 again includes a services hub 1840 which is accessible from the building exterior. The second building section also comprises a ventilation system which is controlled from the services hub 1840, the ventilation system indicated generally by reference numeral 1860. The ventilation system 1860 is configured to supply external air into the building 1800, and to withdraw internal air from the building and to discharge it to the building exterior 1837, to thereby control ventilation of the building.
[0500] In the illustrated embodiment, the ventilation system 1860 is configured to supply external air into the internal volumes 1813 and 1821 of the first building section, as well as into an internal volume 1823 of the second building section 1820. The ventilation system 1860 is configured to supply external air both directly and indirectly into these internal volumes 1813, 1821 and 1823. This is achieved using an arrangement of ducts/conduits and vents in the first and second building sections 1810 and 1820, which are shown in
[0501] Supply ducts 1862a, b and c in the first building section 1810 connect with the ventilation system 1860 for the supply of external air into different regions of the open plan room 1815. As can be seen from the drawings, each one of the ducts 1862a, b and c is associated with a different usage area of the room, respectively the living area 1815a, dining area 1815b and kitchen area 1815c. The ducts 1862a to c connect with a supply manifold 1864 in the second building section, for the indirect supply of external air into the room 1815 via respective vents 1866a to c. The supply manifold 1864 extends around both the lower and upper subsections 1875 and 1877 of the second building section 1820. The supply manifold 1864 also comprises various vents 1868a to e which serve for supplying external air to different rooms/areas in the first and second building sections 1810 and
[0502] The ducts 1862a to c and the various vents 1868a to e are supplied with external air via the supply manifold 1864. The ventilation system 1860 comprises an integral filter and heat exchanger (not shown) positioned in the services hub 1840, which serve for conditioning the air prior to discharge into the building 1800. The external air is drawn in from the building exterior 1837 by a pump (not shown) in the ventilation system 1860, passing through the heat exchanger and the filter before flowing into the supply manifold 1864. The filter serves for removing contaminants (e g particulates and pollen), whilst the heat exchanger serves for transferring thermal energy between incoming and outgoing air streams, to heat the incoming air (or cool the incoming air, depending on the temperature differential between the building exterior and interior, and a desired temperature within the building 1800). The ventilation system 1860 may also comprise, or may be configured to cooperate with, a heating and/or cooling device (not shown), for heating or cooling the external air prior to discharging it into the building 1800. The heating device may be a conventional boiler or other heat source (such as a heat pump), and the cooling device may be an air conditioning device. The heat exchanger, filter and/or heating/cooling device may form part of a conditioning unit of the ventilation system 1860.
[0503] Various extraction ducts in the first building section 1810 similarly connect with the ventilation system 1860, for the indirect withdrawal of internal air from within the first building section. An extraction duct 1872a is provided in the kitchen area 1815c of the open plan room 1815. Extraction ducts 1872b to d are also provided in the bedrooms 1841 to 1845. The ducts 1872a to d connect with an extraction manifold 1874 in the second building section 1820. Internal air is drawn into the extraction manifold 1874 by a pump (not shown) in the ventilation system 1860, before being discharged to the exterior 1837. The internal air passes through the heat exchanger before exiting the building 1800, to transfer thermal energy to or from the incoming external air, as discussed above.
[0504] Branch ducts 1876a to d are distributed around the second building section 1820 and connect with the extraction manifold 1874, for withdrawing internal air from various areas, specifically: a W/C 1861; a utility room 1857; an ensuite 1859; and a bathroom 1863. The ducts 1872a to c comprise respective vents 1878a to c through which air is drawn into the ducts. Vents 1878d and e are also provided in the second building section 1820, for drawing air directly from the living and dining areas 1815a and b of the room 1815. The ducts 1876a to d similarly comprise respective vents 1880a to d through which air is drawn into the ducts.
[0505] As can be seen from
[0506] The ventilation system 1860 also comprises a control unit 1882 for controlling the supply of external air into, and the withdrawal of internal air from, the building 1800. The control unit 1882 is also arranged to monitor operation of the filter and the heat exchanger, and to cooperate with a heating system (not shown) of the building to achieve an optimum desired temperature in the building 1800. It will be understood that the heating or cooling effect applied will depend on factors including a temperature differential between the external and internal air, and a desired temperature for the air within the building. The ventilation system 1860 can take the form of a Mechanical Ventilation and Heat Recovery (MVHR) system, in which the heat exchanger provides the heat recovery function. The heat exchanger can also beneficially remove moisture from the incoming external air, which may be drained from the heat exchanger.
[0507] In a variation on the illustrated embodiment, the ventilation system 1860 can be configured to supply external air into the internal volume 1823 of the second building section 1820, for subsequent flow or bleed into the first building section 1810 (e.g. under positive pressure—above the pressure in the first building section—applied to the air in the internal volume of the second building section). This may be achieved by directing external air into the volume 1823 through suitable vents. The ventilation system 1860 may similarly be configured to withdraw internal air from the internal volume 1823 of the second building section 1820, to thereby draw internal air from the first building section 1810 (e.g. under negative pressure applied to the air in the internal volume of the second building section). Again this can be achieved using suitable vents.
[0508] In another variation, the ventilation system 1860 may be configured to supply external air into a space or cavity between the first and second building sections 1810 and 1820, for subsequent flow or bleed into the first building section (e.g. under positive pressure), and optionally also into the second building section. The ventilation system 1860 may similarly be configured to withdraw internal air from the space or cavity between the first and second building sections (e.g. under negative pressure). The location of one such space is indicated by numeral 1830 in
[0509] In a further variation, the ventilation system 1860 may be provided in the first building section 1810. The arrangement of ducts/vents set out above may then be reversed, for example with ducts in the second building section 1820 which connect with ducts of the ventilation system in the first building section 1810. Parts of the ventilation system could be provided in both of the building sections, and ducts/vents provided as appropriate.
[0510] Turning now to
[0511] The first building section 1810 is connected to and supported by the second building section 1820, in particular by the metal frame structure 1896. The first building section 1810 comprises structural elements 1898a-c, at least some of which are connected to and supported by the second building section 1820. In the illustrated embodiment, the structural elements are floor joists 1898a and 1898b, and roof beams 1898c (typically also hot formed steel, but optionally wooden). As can be seen from the drawing, the floor joists 1898a, b and roof joists 1898c are directly connected to (and so supported by) the metal frame structure 1896 in the second building section 1820, suitably via releasable connectors such as nuts and bolts. In this way, the second building section 1820 provides support for the first building section 1810 both during construction, and subsequently during use of the building 1800. This can be advantageous for numerous reasons.
[0512] For example, the second building section 1820 can provide predetermined anchor or connection points for parts of the first building section 1810, in particular its various structural elements 1898. The connection between the structural elements 1898 and the metal frame structure 1896 is also such that the metal frame structure provides support for the first building section 1810 both during construction, and during subsequent use of the building 1800. In particular, the first and second building sections 1810 and 1820 can flex and/or move under applied external loading (e.g. due to wind loading or ground settlement) in a relatively homogenous manner. This can reduce a likelihood of relative movement between the building sections 1810 and 1820, which could otherwise lead to shear loads and potentially cracking and/or water ingress.
[0513] In this embodiment, the second building section 1820 is transported to the site and positioned at the final location, suitably on a pre-prepared foundation. The first building section 1810 is then constructed and connected to the second building section 1820 employing any one of the techniques described elsewhere in this document. In this way, the second building section 1820 is effectively constructed from (or around) the first building section 1810.
[0514]
[0515] The building 1900 in this embodiment again takes the form of a semi-detached house, and is very similar to the building 1800. Part of a further building of the same type is therefore shown to the right in the drawing and indicated at 1900a. The further building 1900a shares a common wall with the building 1900, and is a mirror image of the building 1900. The first building section 1910 has a lower storey 1911 comprising an internal volume 1913 which defines a lower living space 1915. The lower living space 1915 comprises an open plan room 1915a providing living and dining areas, and a kitchen 1915b.
[0516] The second building section 1920 again comprises a main or front doorway 1939, and a staircase 1927. It will be understood from
[0517] The second building section 1920 provides a fire escape route 1984 for the building. The fire escape route 1984 comprises the main doorway 1939, the staircase 1927, and a hallway 1951, all of which are provided by the second building section 1920. The fire escape route can optionally include further parts of the second building section 1920, for example an upstairs landing (not shown). The second building section 1920 comprises fire-proof or fire-resistant structures which define the fire escape route 1984. In the illustrated embodiment, the fire escape route 1984 is bound or bordered by fire-resistant or fire-proof walls of the second building section 1920, which walls provide at least part of the staircase 1927 and the hallway 1951, and which connect the main doorway 1939 to the staircase. Walls or wall portions forming the fire escape route 1984 are indicated in heavy outline and marked with the reference numeral 1986. Doors of the second building section in the fire escape route (and optionally further doors in the building section, potentially all doors) are fire-resistant or fire-proof. Thus a main or front door 1988 and internal doors 1990a to c, are fire-resistant. The fire escape route may include at least part of one or more of the circulation spaces defined by the building (similar to those explained elsewhere in this document).
[0518] The second building section 1920 can additionally or alternatively comprise a fire suppression system. The fire suppression system may be operable: to define the fire escape route 1984; to suppress a fire within the fire escape route; or to suppress a fire in order to restrict or prevent it from spreading into the fire escape route. The fire suppression system may comprise a plurality of fire alarms and/or detectors 1992a to c, and a plurality of water sprinklers 1994a to c (or other fluid suppressant delivery devices).
[0519]
[0520] The building 2000 in this embodiment again takes the form of a semi-detached house. The first building section 2010 has a lower storey 2011 comprising an internal volume 2013 which defines a lower living space 2015. The lower living space 2015 is an open plan room comprising a living area 2015a and a dining area 2015b. In this embodiment, the first building section lower storey 2011 also comprises a main or front doorway 2039 providing access into the building 2000. The first building section 2010 also has an upper storey 2017 comprising an internal volume 2019 which defines an upper living space 2021. The upper living space 2021 comprises a master bedroom 2041, and further bedrooms 2043 and 2045.
[0521] The second building section 2020 in this embodiment again comprises a staircase 2027. It will be understood from
[0522] In contrast to the buildings described above, the second building section 2020 also comprises a kitchen 2015c at a ground level 2029. The provision of a kitchen 2015c in the second building section 2020 may be more suited to smaller buildings, in particular a smaller semi-detached building of the type shown. The second building section 2020 further comprises a W/C 2061 and a cupboard 2065 at its ground level 2029. An ensuite 2069 and bathroom 2063 are provided at an upper level 2031, as well as a landing 2053. The landing 2053 provides access to all of the bedrooms 2041 to 2045, as well as to the bathroom 2063.
[0523] In this embodiment, the second building section 2020 is positioned within a structure of the building 2000 provided by the first building section 2010. The first building section 2010 is constructed so that it includes a cavity shaped to receive the second building section 2020 (or is built around the second building section so that the second section is positioned within the first structure on completion). The first and second building sections 2010, 2020 are arranged so that access between the living room 2015a and dining room 2015b is provided through the second building section, specifically through its kitchen 2015c.
[0524] In the same way as the previously described embodiments, the second building section 2020 can form part of the external surface of the building, for example with a wall 2008 of the second building section defining part of the external building surface. However, the second building section 2020 can be arranged so that it is built-in to the building 2000. This may be achieved by encapsulating or enveloping the second building section 2020 within an outer layer of the building 2000, which might for example be formed using blocks (e.g. clay bricks) or cladding panels (not shown).
[0525] Reference is made throughout this document to the provision of a stairs or staircase in the building, suitably provided by the second building section. A lift or any other suitable means of moving between storeys of the building may be provided in place of (or in addition to) a stairs/staircase. Therefore wherever a stairs or staircase is referred to, it will be understood that a lift may be provided. Where the second building section comprises a plurality of subsections, each subsection may define part of a lift (e.g. a part of a lift shaft), which parts may cooperate when the subsections are connected, so that a lift vehicle may move between the storeys (e.g. through the aligned shaft parts).
[0526] Numerous features or principles of the invention are set out in the preceding description, and shown in the accompanying drawings. These features are shown and described in relation to at least one embodiment of the invention. It will be understood that the illustrated embodiments are not limited to the features shown in the drawings and described above, but may comprise further features derived from one or more of the further embodiments disclosed herein.
[0527] Optional further features or principles of the invention, which may form part of any one of the embodiments/aspects of the invention discussed above, are as follows. In the following text, references are made to features of a first building section in the form of a ‘dock’, and a second building section in the form of a ‘module’. It will be understood that further features of the first and second building sections described elsewhere in this document may be derived from the subsequent text discussing docks and modules. Accordingly, a reference generally to a dock should be understood to encompass a first building section, and a reference to a module to encompass a second building section. This also applies to buildings, systems/kits and methods described elsewhere.
[0528] According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building) comprising: a first building section in the form of a dock constructed at a final, fixed, on-site location of the building, the dock optionally being configured to receive a module; and a second building section in the form of a module, the module connected to (and optionally received by) the dock.
[0529] In one example, the dock is preconfigured, during construction of the dock at the on-site location, to receive the module. Unlike existing building construction, where any dock is not configured to receive a module, here the dock is preconfigured, during construction of the dock to receive the module. That is, the dock is constructed in the knowledge that a module is to be connected. In this way, build-times are reduced as the dock need not be further modified to facilitate the connection of a module.
[0530] In one example, the dock is configured to receive the module without removal or modification of external walls of the dock and/or the module. Conventional construction techniques require removal or modification of external walls to facilitate connection of further building sections, for example removal of a wall to build an extension onto a house. The present invention is absent this requirement. In this way, construction is simplified. Moreover, the construction process is less destructive and disruptive. Material waste is also reduced.
[0531] In one example, the dock comprises wall regions configured to be removable to facilitate connection of additional second building sections. In one example, the wall regions are window regions. The window regions may be removable to provide a walkway or doorway. Following removal of the window region, a second building section in the form of a module may be connectable to and receivable by the dock. The module may be connectable to and receivable by the dock at, over or around the walkway or doorway. The wall regions, or window regions, or regions surrounding the wall region or window region, may be originally arranged (that is, upon construction) to receive a module, and following removal of the wall region or window region a module may be connected to the dock. In this way, a plurality of second building sections in the form of modules are connectable to and receivable by the dock.
[0532] In one example, the dock is configured to removably receive the module. In this way, the module may be readily removed to facilitate replacement and/or modification of the module. The dock remains structurally sound despite removal or absence of the module, which simplifies the construction process and amount of support equipment and size of the construction team necessary to perform removal and installation of the module. Furthermore, removal of the module from the dock does not impact or damage the components, fixtures and fittings, or décor of the dock. In this way, the dock need not require substantial alteration or redecoration following connection of a further module to the dock, which may for example be a second module. Similarly, removal of the module from the dock does not impact or damage the components, fixtures and fittings, or décor of the module. In this way, the module may retain its appearance and need not require modification or upgrading, or require substantial alteration or redecoration, beyond that planned in order to modify the module, for example to provide a second module for subsequent reconnection to the dock. In other words, the module may be conveniently and relatively simply undocked from the dock.
[0533] In one example, the dock comprises an internal building volume, which might define a living or working space. That is, the dock is not simply a foundation structure, such as a concrete slab. Instead, the dock has an internal volume or internal space, defined in some examples by walls, ceiling and floor.
[0534] In one example, the module is portable, in a form to be connected to and received by the dock. In one example, the module is moveable and/or transportable in a single-piece form, or substantially constructed form.
[0535] That is, the module is moveable and/or transportable, for example on a flatbed truck. In this way, the module may be substantially or wholly constructed at a site away from the dock, transported to the dock and connected to the dock. Skilled tradespeople may work remotely from the dock to construct the module and install, for example, electrics and plumbing, which can be tested in a controlled environment away from the dock. The constructed and tested module can then be transported to the site for connection to the dock. The module could be lowered into position, and/or be provided with one or more rollers or slide elements, allowing the module to be rolled or slid into connection with the dock.
[0536] In one example, each of the dock and the module are absent any perishable material (e.g. prior to connection). In one example, the connected dock and module do not (immediately) comprise any perishable material. Such material may be added at a later time.
[0537] Perishable materials include timber, plasterboard, and other materials which are impacted by weather, and might include furnishings or final fittings. By each of the dock and the module not comprising perishable material, weather resistance of the building sections is provided. In this way, it is ensured that the dock and module do not suffer from water ingress early in the construction process. The connected dock and module not comprising perishable material may be the structure formed immediately after connection and prior to any finalising of the building. The connected dock and module may then provide a weatherproof internal building volume, such that perishable materials can be introduced without risk of weather damage.
[0538] In one example, the dock has one or more open faces, and the dock is configured to removably receive the module at the one or more open faces of the dock. In this way, the dock can be constructed from less material, as one or more faces are left open where the module is to be received. Installation of the module is also less destructive and disruptive, as walls need not be removed to connect the module to the dock.
[0539] In one example, in plan view, the dock and/or module has a cross-section having two elongate regions perpendicularly connected and the module and/or dock is connected to both elongate regions. In this way, the module can provide a connection between the regions of the dock. A building in a more traditional rectangular shape is thereby constructed, which improves use of the building volume. In one example, the dock has an L-shaped cross-section and the module is connected to both elongate regions of the L-shaped cross-section. In another example, the module has an L-shaped cross-section and the module is connected to the dock at both elongate regions of the L-shaped cross-section of the module. In one example, the dock and/or module has a H-shaped cross-section and the module and/or dock has a rectangular cross-section. In one example, in plan view, the dock has an internal opening, such as a courtyard, and the module is provided to substantially fill the opening. In this way, a courtyard space may be repurposed as additional building volume of the building. The module can then provide connection between regions of the dock. Any building cross-section is possible where the building has intersecting external walls (i.e. a vertex between two external walls). Although typically angular, the module or dock could define a curved surface, and a curved section of the module could be received by and be connected to a curved section of the dock.
[0540] In one example, the modular building is a residential building. In this way, construction of residential buildings is improved. Build-times are shortened, and costs are reduced, as the building sections are constructed more efficiently and with reduced material waste. In another example, the modular building is a commercial building and/or an office space. Reducing build-times and costs are highly desirable in the constructing of commercial buildings and office space.
[0541] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of constructing a modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building), comprising: forming a first building section, in the form of a dock, at a final, fixed, on-site location of the building, the dock optionally being configured to receive a module; transporting a second building section, in the form of a module, from a different location to the on-site location; and connecting the module and the dock (optionally the module to the dock) thereby to construct the modular building.
[0542] Such a method of construction has numerous advantages. Module installation is facilitated as the dock is configured to receive a module when the dock is initially formed. Transporting the module from a different location to the on-site location allows the module to be constructed remotely from the on-site location, which allows the module construction team to be based off site, and advantageously in a specific module construction facility. Build times can be shortened, as construction of the dock does not impact construction of the module and vice versa.
[0543] In one example, the method further comprises manufacturing the module at the different location. In one example, the different location is an off-site location. In one example, the different location is a module manufacturing facility for manufacturing the module to be used in constructing the modular building.
[0544] In this way, the module is manufactured away from the dock, which allows the dock and module to be constructed separately and subsequently connected. This is advantageous in reducing build times, and also in organizing teams of tradespeople. The module manufacturing facility may be an on-site facility or an off-site facility. Benefits are obtained by reducing the amount of construction, installation and testing which is to be performed on-site in that build times are reduced leading to reduced build costs.
[0545] In one example, the method further comprises forming the dock to provide at least one open face for receiving the module, the module being connected to the dock thereby to close the open face.
[0546] In this way, the dock can be constructed from less material, as one or more faces are left open where the module is to be received. Installation of the module is also less destructive and disruptive, as walls need not be removed to connect the module to the dock.
[0547] In one example, the method comprises connecting the module to the dock, the module and dock not comprising perishable materials. In one example, method comprises connecting the module to the dock to form the building and subsequently incorporating all perishable materials into the building. In one example, the method comprises connecting the module to the dock before plastering the module and/or dock. By each of the dock and the module not comprising perishable material, weather resistance of the building sections is provided. In this way, it is ensured that the dock and module do not suffer from water ingress early in the construction process. The connected dock and module not comprising perishable material may be the structure formed immediately after connection and prior to any finalising of the building. The connected dock and module may then provide a weatherproof internal building volume, such that perishable materials can be introduced without risk of weather damage.
[0548] In one example, the module is portable, in a form to be connected to and received by the dock.
[0549] That is, the module is moveable and/or transportable, for example on a flatbed truck. In this way, the module may be substantially or wholly constructed at a site away from the dock, transported to the dock and connected to the dock. Skilled tradespeople may work remotely from the dock to construct the module and install, for example, electrics and plumbing, which can be tested in a controlled environment away from the dock. The constructed and tested module can then be transported to the site for connection to the dock. The module could be lowered into position, and/or be provided with one or more rollers or slide elements, allowing the module to be rolled or slid into connection with the dock.
[0550] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a modular building kit (which may be a hybrid residential building kit or system) comprising a first building section in the form of a dock optionally configured to receive a module; and a second building section in the form of a module connectable with or to (and optionally receivable by) the dock.
[0551] Such a modular building kit has numerous advantages, including reduced build times, reduced costs, and better organization of teams of tradespeople.
[0552] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of modifying a constructed modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building), the modular building comprising a first building section in the form of a dock constructed at a final, fixed, on-site location of the building, the dock optionally being configured to receive a module; and a connected second building section in the form of a first module, the first module being removably connected to the dock in the constructed building, the method comprising: removing the first module from connection with the dock; and connecting a second module to the dock thereby to modify the building.
[0553] In this way, the modular building is modifiable by connection of a second module. The second module may comprise new and upgraded componentry, as required or desired by building regulations and/or desires of the consumer. The first module being removably connected to the dock facilitates removal of said module and replacement with a second module.
[0554] In one example, the dock comprises an internal building volume. That is, the dock is not simply a foundation structure, such as a concrete slab. Instead, the dock has an internal volume or internal space, defined in some examples by walls, ceiling and floor.
[0555] In one example, the method comprises modifying the first module and connecting the modified first module, as the second module, to the dock. That is, the first module can be removed, modified (which may involve upgrading or replacing components) and reconnected to the dock, thereby to modify the building. This is advantageous in reducing costs and material use, as the modules are reusable.
[0556] In one example, the method further comprises transporting the first module to an off-site location. In this way, work on the first module to is facilitated, by transporting the module to a location suited to module modification. Alternatively, disposal of the first module is made possible away from the site, where it may be desired to minimise building construction (for example, on a residential housing estate).
[0557] In one example, the method further comprises moving the first module to a module modification facility for modifying the first module to be used in connecting the modified first module, as the second module, to the dock.
[0558] Modifying the first module at a module modification facility is beneficial as it allows tradespeople to work in an environment suited to module modification. In this way, it is not necessary to modify the module on-site, where conditions may be inappropriate for electrical/plumbing installation, for example. Moreover, modifying the module in a specially designed facility improves efficiency, as teams of people can be easily organised and collaborative work is facilitated. Moreover, modules from different sites may be brought to the same module modification facility for modification, before transport back to their respective sites. In another example, the module modification facility may be provided on-site. This is particularly advantageous where many, for example 500, modular buildings at a single site are to be provided with modified modules. That is, the first modules may be removed from connection with a plurality of buildings and moved to the module modification facility for modification.
[0559] In one example, the method further comprises transporting the second module back to the final, fixed, on-site location where the modular building is located. In this way, the second module is brought to the site for installation. In this way, the second module need only be installed, and not constructed, tested or modified, on site which improves efficiency and resulting in reduced build times and increased cost savings.
[0560] In one example, the first module and second module are portable. That is, the first module and second module are moveable and/or transportable, for example on a flatbed truck. In this way, the second module may be substantially or wholly constructed at a site away from the dock, transported to the dock and connected to the dock. Skilled tradespeople may work remotely from the dock to construct the or modify the modules and install, for example, electrics and plumbing, which can be tested in a controlled environment away from the dock. The constructed and tested modules can then be transported to the site for connection to the dock.
[0561] In one example, the method comprises manufacturing a second module. That is, the second module may be a newly constructed module. After a period of reuse of the first module (or even without reuse of the first module) it may be appropriate or necessary to manufacture a new second module.
[0562] In one example, the second module may be manufactured at a module manufacturing facility. The module manufacturing facility may be provided on-site or off-site. By providing the module manufacturing on-site, where many buildings on a single site, for example 500 buildings, are to be provided, second modules may be manufactured with improved efficiency as teams of people can be easily organised and collaborative work is facilitated in such a facility, whilst it is not necessary to transport second modules long distances to their respective docks. Alternatively, by providing the module manufacturing facility off-site, conditions for module manufacture may be improved and large teams of tradespeople need not be present on-site.
[0563] In one example, the second module is separately manufactured off-site. Benefits are obtained by reducing the amount of construction, installation and testing which is to be performed on-site in that build times are reduced leading to reduced build costs.
[0564] In one example, the first and/or second module contains one or more of: staircase, W/C, washroom, delivery drop off area, hallway, bathroom, en-suites, front door, side door, and windows. In traditional construction, replacement of components in these areas or performing upgrades and/or testing in these areas is costly and time consuming. As a result of these areas being contained in the modules, upgrade and modification is made easier as the module can be removed from connection with the dock.
[0565] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a constructed modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building) modified according to the method of the preceding aspect of the present invention.
[0566] In one example, the modular building is a residential building. In this way, construction of residential buildings is improved. Build-times are shortened, and costs are reduced, as the building sections are constructed more efficiently and with reduced material waste. In another example, the modular building is a commercial building and/or an office space. Reducing build-times and costs are highly desirable in the constructing of commercial buildings and office space.
[0567] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a modular building kit (which may be a hybrid residential building kit or system) comprising a first building section in the form of a dock which is optionally configured to receive a module, a second building section in the form of a first module, a third building section in the form of a second module.
[0568] Such a modular building kit has numerous advantages, including reduced build times, reduced costs, and better organization of teams of tradespeople.
[0569] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of constructing a modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building) from a first building section in the form of a dock optionally configured to receive a second building section in the form of a module, comprising: providing a module, the module having one or more external walls; and connecting the module and the dock (optionally the module to the dock) thereby to provide the one or more external walls of the module as one or more internal walls of the dock.
[0570] In this way, construction of the dock is simplified as internal walls of the dock are provided by external walls of the module, without the need to construct some internal walls of the dock. That is, in some instances, providing external walls of the module as internal walls of the dock is simpler than providing internal walls of the dock and subsequently connecting the module to the dock. When connecting the module to the dock to thereby provide the one or more external walls of the module as one or more internal walls of the dock, this might be alternatively or additionally defined or described as providing the one or more external walls of the module as one or more internal walls of the building. This is because, when connected, the dock and module will together form the building. In other words, the one or more external walls of the module provide walls to the dock and the building, and these are internal to the building.
[0571] In one example, the dock comprises an internal building volume. That is, the dock is not simply a foundation structure, such as a concrete slab. Instead, the dock has an internal volume or internal space, defined in some examples by walls, ceiling and floor.
[0572] In one example, connecting the module to the dock provides the one or more external walls of the module as one or more separating walls between the module and dock. In this way, a double wall construction is avoided. Moreover, the external walls of the module provide internal separating walls in the constructed modular building. In this way, the amount of material required to construct the modular building is reduced.
[0573] In one example, the one or more separating walls provide a fire break between the module and dock. Building safety is thereby improved.
[0574] In one example, the one or more external walls of the module provide all walkway exits from the dock. Construction of the dock is thereby simplified, as walkway exits need not be provided in the dock and may instead be provided in the module.
[0575] In one example, the dock has one or more open faces, the method further comprising: docking the module to the dock to close the one or more open faces and thereby construct the modular building. In this way, the dock can be constructed from less material, as one or more faces are left open where the module is to be received. Installation of the module is also less destructive and disruptive, as walls need not be removed to connect the module to the dock.
[0576] In one example, connecting the module to the dock to provide the one or more internal walls of the dock defines an internal building volume within the module and dock. In this way, simple construction of a modular building is facilitated by connection of a dock and module.
[0577] In one example, the module and dock are each self-supporting. In this way, the dock and module can be constructed separately. Moreover, the module can be removed from the dock without either the dock or module requiring a support structure to be temporarily installed.
[0578] In one example, the dock comprises: external walls comprising a support structure for supporting the dock; and one or more internal walls. In this way, the external walls provide the necessary structural support to the dock, which is particularly advantageous when the dock and module are disconnected. The internal walls may be absent a support structure. In this way, the internal walls may be readily removable or removable, for example to easily create an open plan space. The internal walls being readily removeable facilitates a reorganisation of the internal structure of the building without substantial modification or redecoration of the dock. Moving or removing the internal walls does not impact or damage the components, fixtures and fittings, or décor of the dock.
[0579] In one example, one or more external walls of the module, when the module is connected to the dock, provide structural support to the dock. That is, connecting the module to the dock may provide some level of additional structural support to the dock, thereby to provide a structurally sound modular building.
[0580] In one example, the external walls of the module and/or the external walls of the dock comprise a steel frame support structure. Steel frame support structures are particularly advantageous in modular building construction.
[0581] In one example, the dock comprises one or more removable and/or relocatable internal walls. In this way, the internal walls may be removed or repositioned, as desired by the homeowner. For example, an open plan living space may be easily formed, or room shapes and sizes may be adjusted without structural modification.
[0582] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building) comprising: a first building section in the form of a dock; and a second building section in the form of a module, the module having one or more external walls, wherein the module and the dock are connected (optionally the module is connected to the dock) thereby to provide the one or more external walls as one or more internal walls of the dock.
[0583] In this way, construction of the dock is simplified as internal walls of the dock are provided by external walls of the module, without the need to construct some internal walls of the dock. That is, in some instances, providing external walls of the module as internal walls of the dock is simpler than providing internal walls of the dock and subsequently connecting the module to the dock.
[0584] In one example, the one or more external walls of the module forms a separating wall between the module and dock.
[0585] In this way, a double wall construction is avoided. Moreover, the external walls of the module provide internal separating walls in the constructed modular building. In this way, the amount of material required to construct the modular building is reduced.
[0586] In one example, the modular building is a residential building. In this way, construction of residential buildings is improved. Build-times are shortened, and costs are reduced, as the building sections are constructed more efficiently and with reduced material waste. In another example, the modular building is a commercial building and/or an office space. Reducing build-times and costs are highly desirable in the constructing of commercial buildings and office space.
[0587] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a modular building kit (which may be a hybrid residential building kit or system) comprising a first building section in the form of a dock, a second building section in the form of a module, the module having one or more external walls providable as one or more internal walls of the dock.
[0588] Such a modular building kit has numerous advantages, including reduced build times, reduced costs, and better organization of teams of tradespeople.
[0589] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building) comprising: a first building section in the form of a dock, the dock optionally being configured to receive a module; and a second building section in the form of a module connected to (and optionally received by) the dock, wherein the modular building is serviced with one or more services via the module.
[0590] In this way, the provision of services to the modular building is greatly simplified. In particular, in one example, servicing the building with services via the module enables all complex cabling and plumbing to be localized at the module, which increases ease of maintenance of the modular building. Generally, thinking, planning, and implementation of the provision of services is made more focused and efficient. Moreover, improvements in safety of the building are obtained.
[0591] In one example, the one or more services are received by the module from external to one or more of the dock, module and building. That is, services are routed through the module and into the building from external to the building. In one example, services are received by the module from external to the dock and module, and are received at a services hub which is external to the module. The services hub may be separate to, attached to, or integral with the dock.
[0592] In one example, the one or more services are: water; gas; heating; electric; telecoms; air supply. It is advantageous to simplify provision of such services to the modular building by servicing the building via the module.
[0593] In one example, the one more services comprise an electrical power supply and/or telecoms, and the electrical power and/or telecoms is wirelessly transmitted to the dock from the module. Wireless power and/or telecoms transmission reduces the need to install cabling within the dock, which allows the walls of the dock to be absent cabling, or have reduced complexity of cabling, thereby enabling flexibility of internal wall placement within the dock.
[0594] In one example, the module and dock comprise one or more connectors for facilitating the provision of services from the module to the dock. That is, in one example, the module and dock may be electrically and/or fluidically connected. The provision of services to the dock is simplified by such connectors as the module can be connected to the dock in a “plug-and-play” manner, without further wiring or other modification of the dock or module by the user. Additionally, in some examples, the connectors may facilitate the provision of services from the dock to the module.
[0595] In one example, the one or more services comprise a heat supply. The one or more connectors may facilitate the provision of thermal energy from the module to the dock. That is, in one example, the module and dock are thermally connected. The provision of services to the dock is simplified by such connectors as any requirement for the dock to comprise a dedicated heat supply or heating system may be negated by the provision of a module comprising a heat supply or heating system and the dock being in thermal connection with the module. In one example, the module and dock may be configured and/or connected to facilitate the transfer of thermal energy from the module to the dock. The module may comprise a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger may be located so that, when the module is connected to the dock, the heat exchanger is between the module and the dock. The heat exchanger may be located so that, when the module is connected to the dock, the heat exchanger is between the module and the dock. The heat exchangers may be configured to connect, or be in thermal connection, with each other. The heat exchangers may provide a thermal coupling, or thermal interface, between the dock and module.
[0596] In one example, the dock comprises internal walls, the internal walls being devoid of electrical cabling and/or fluidic conduits. The walls may be entirely or largely devoid of electrical cabling and/or fluidic conduits. If largely devoid, this might mean that the majority of any conduits for the building are present in the module. Construction of the dock is thereby greatly simplified. Moreover, subsequent modification and/or upgrade of the modular building is easier as, in some cases, only the module need be removed and worked upon to upgrade the electrics and/or plumbing of the building. The dock need only provide conduit outlets or connection points.
[0597] In one example, the internal walls are relocatable and/or moveable. In this way, the internal walls may be removed or repositioned, as desired by the homeowner. For example, an open plan living space may be easily formed, or room shapes and sizes may be adjusted without structural modification.
[0598] In one example, the dock comprises a services hub and the module is serviced with one or more services via the services hub.
[0599] In this way, the services can be routed to the module via the services hub. The services hub is a specific hub (also known as a boiler room or plant room) which houses fuse boxes, the boiler, and other apparatus. Providing these in a services hub can improve building safety, simplify construction, and also simplify ongoing maintenance of the building. For example, meter readings can be performed simply by access to the services hub which is accessible from outside of the modular building.
[0600] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building) according to the preceding aspect and a services hub wherein the module is serviced with one or more services via the services hub, wherein the services hub does not form part of the modular building.
[0601] Such a construction can improve building safety. Moreover, further advantages are obtained in that inspection and maintenance (e.g., meter readings) can be performed without access to the modular building.
[0602] In one example, the modular building is a residential building. In this way, construction of residential buildings is improved. Build-times are shortened, and costs are reduced, as the building sections are constructed more efficiently and with reduced material waste. In another example, the modular building is a commercial building and/or an office space. Reducing build-times and costs are highly desirable in the constructing of commercial buildings and office space.
[0603] In one example, the services hub is accessible externally to the modular building, optionally wherein the services hub is only accessible externally to the modular building. In this way, meter readings and maintenance may be performed without access to the modular building.
[0604] In one example, the one or more services comprise a water supply, and all (or at least one or more) wet facilities are (e.g. entirely) provided within the module. In one example, wet facilities include bathroom facilities. In this way, building safety is improved, as is ease of maintenance. For example, in the event of leaking, water can be directed to flow away from the dock to prevent flooding. Also, little or no access or action may be required with regard to the dock.
[0605] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of servicing a modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building) comprising a first building section in the form of a dock, the dock optionally being configured to receive a module; and a second building section in the form of a module connected to (and optionally received by) the dock, the method comprising servicing the modular building with one or more services via the module.
[0606] In this way, the provision of services to the modular building is greatly simplified. In particular, servicing the building with services via the module enables all complex cabling and plumbing to be localized at the module, which increases ease of maintenance of the modular building. Moreover, improvements in safety of the building are obtained.
[0607] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a modular building kit (which may be a hybrid residential building kit or system) comprising: a first building section in the form of a dock, the dock optionally being configured to receive a module; and a second building section in the form of a module connectable to (and optionally receivable by) the dock to form a modular building, wherein the modular building is serviceable with one or more services via the module when connected to the dock.
[0608] Such a modular building kit has numerous advantages, including reduced build times, reduced costs, improved building safety and better organization of teams of tradespeople.
[0609] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of constructing a modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building) from a first building section in the form of a dock configured to be connected to (and optionally to receive) a second building section in the form of a module, the dock having one or more open faces, the method comprising: providing a module; and docking the module and the dock (optionally the module to the dock) to close the one or more open faces.
[0610] In this way, the dock can be constructed from less material, as one or more faces are left open where the module is to be received. Installation of the module is also less destructive and disruptive, as walls need not be removed to connect the module to the dock. Closing the one or more open faces weatherproofs and seals the building. In one example, the docking the module to the dock to close the open or more open faces defines an internal building volume within the module and dock. In this way, simple construction of a modular building is facilitated by connection of a dock and module.
[0611] In one example, the method further comprises docking the module to the dock to close all open faces of the dock. In this way, construction is simplified as additional external walls need not be built, installed or fitted to the dock to close the open faces. Connection of the module to the dock closes the open faces in a single installation step.
[0612] In one example, the method comprises docking the module to the dock to close the one or more open faces thereby to provide the external structure and/or one or more external walls of the modular building. In this way, construction of the building structure and/or the provision of external building walls is simplified.
[0613] In one example, the module comprises one or more external walls, and the method comprises: connecting the module to the dock thereby to provide the one or more external walls of the module as one or more internal walls of the dock. In this way, construction of the dock is simplified as internal walls of the dock are provided by external walls of the module, without the need to construct some internal walls of the dock. That is, in some instances, providing external walls of the module as internal walls of the dock is simpler than providing internal walls of the dock and subsequently connecting the module to the dock.
[0614] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a modular building (which may be a hybrid residential building) comprising: a first building section in the form of a dock having one or more open faces; and a second building section in the form of a module docked with or to the dock and closing the one or more open faces of the dock.
[0615] In this way, the dock can be constructed from less material, as one or more faces are left open where the module is to be received. Installation of the module is also less destructive and disruptive, as walls need not be removed to connect the module to the dock. Closing the one or more open faces weatherproofs and seals the building.
[0616] In one example, the module and dock are each self-supporting. In this way, the dock and module can be constructed separately. Moreover, the module can be removed from the dock without either the dock or module requiring a support structure to be temporarily installed.
[0617] In one example, the dock comprises: external walls comprising a support structure for supporting the dock; and one or more internal walls. In this way, the external walls provide the necessary structural support to the dock, which is particularly advantageous when the dock and module are disconnected. The internal walls may be absent a support structure. In this way, the internal walls may be readily removable or removable, for example to easily create an open plan space. The internal walls being readily removeable facilitates a reorganisation of the internal structure of the building without substantial modification or redecoration of the dock. Moving or removing the internal walls does not impact or damage the components, fixtures and fittings, or décor of the dock.
[0618] In one example, one or more external walls of the module, when connected to the dock, provide structural support to the dock. That is, connecting the module to the dock may provide some level of additional structural support to the dock, thereby to provide a structurally sound modular building.
[0619] In one example, the external walls of the module and/or the external walls of the dock comprise a steel frame support structure. Steel frame support structures are particularly advantageous in modular building construction.
[0620] In one example, the module extends over the open face of the dock. In this way, simple construction of a modular building is facilitated by connection of a dock and module.
[0621] In one example, the module connects to the dock structure. In this way, the dock and module may provide mutual structural support to one another.
[0622] In one example, the modular building is a residential building. In this way, construction of residential buildings is improved. Build-times are shortened, and costs are reduced, as the building sections are constructed more efficiently and with reduced material waste. In another example, the modular building is a commercial building and/or an office space. Reducing build-times and costs are highly desirable in the constructing of commercial buildings and office space.
[0623] According to a still further aspect of the present invention there is provided a modular building kit (which may be a hybrid residential building kit or system) comprising a first building section in the form of a dock having one or more open faces; and a second building section in the form of a module dockable with or to the dock to close the one or more open faces of the dock.
[0624] Such a modular building kit has numerous advantages, including reduced build times, reduced costs, and better organization of teams of tradespeople.
[0625] According to a still further aspect, there is provided a first building section in the form of a dock according to, or suitable for use with or as part of, any of the earlier aspects. According to a still further aspect, there is provided a second building section in the form of a module according, or suitable for use with or as part of, to any of the earlier aspects.
[0626] Various modifications may be made to the foregoing without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
[0627] For example, the second building section can comprise more than one upper subsection, and may comprise: a lower subsection, a first upper subsection, and a second upper subsection. The first upper subsection may form a middle subsection, and the second upper subsection a top subsection. The top subsection may be stacked or seated on the middle subsection. The middle subsection may be stacked or seated upon the lower subsection. The lower subsection may comprise a lower staircase/stairs. The middle subsection may comprise a middle staircase/stairs. The lower staircase and the middle staircase may communicate with one another, or be otherwise associated, so to permit passage between the lower and upper subsections. The middle subsection may comprise an aperture or opening which communicates with the staircase in the lower subsection, when the subsections are connected, to permit passage between the lower and middle subsections via the lower staircase. The aperture may open on to a middle landing defined by or within the middle subsection. The top subsection may comprise an aperture or opening which communicates with the staircase in the middle subsection, when the subsections are connected, to permit passage between the middle and top subsections via the middle staircase. The aperture may open on to a top landing defined by or within the top subsection.
[0628] In another variation, the second building section may be provided as a single unit or structure defining a lower subsection/portion and an upper subsection/portion, and optionally at least one further subsection/portion (e.g. lower, middle and top). The subsections may be provided within a single or unitary outer structure or envelope which contains all of the subsections.
[0629] Where the second building section comprises middle and upper subsections, the first building section may comprise a middle storey defining an internal volume, which may provide a middle living space within the building. The middle subsection may form a middle storey of the second building section, which may communicate with the internal volume defined by the middle storey of the first building section. The middle storey formed by the middle subsection may comprise a floor, and the floor may be at a level which is substantially the same as that of a floor of the first building section middle storey.
[0630] The first and/or second building sections may comprise more than two storeys. The number of storeys in the first and second building sections may be equal. However, one of the first and second building sections may comprise more stories than the other section. For example, the second building section may comprise a top (third) storey which is positioned above the upper storey of the first building section when the sections are connected.
[0631] In variations on the illustrated embodiments, at least one room of the building may be defined jointly by a living space of a first building section and by a second building section (suitably its living space). Connection of the building sections may therefore complete the room or rooms. For example, an upper living space of a first building section may define part of a bedroom, and a living space of a second building section may define a further part of the bedroom. When the building sections are connected, said parts may together define the complete bedroom. The second building section can optionally include one or more bedroom, and can include a kitchen or at least part of a kitchen.
[0632] Where the first building section comprises first and second portions which together define the first building section, the first building section may comprise at least one further portion which may be arranged relative to an adjacent portion (e.g. the first and/or second portion) so that said portions are disposed at such a non-parallel angle relative to one another. Axes of said portions may be disposed as set out in relation to said first and second portions. The second building section may be connected to two, or more than two, of such portions.
[0633] Further aspects and/or embodiments of the invention may combine the features of one or more aspect and/or embodiment disclosed in this document. Accordingly, such further aspects and/or embodiments may comprise one or more feature selected from one or more aspect or embodiment of the invention disclosed in this document.
[0634] Unless explicitly implied by context or stated in the document, the features of any method or process disclosed in this document need not necessarily be performed in the precise order set out in the relevant text and/or drawings. Accordingly, any method or process disclosed in this document may be capable of being performed in an order other than that specifically set out in the relevant text/drawings, if circumstances permit.
[0635] Features disclosed in this document (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Accordingly, features disclosed in this document may represent only one example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. Like reference numerals are used to denote like features throughout the accompanying drawing figures.