Connection assembly

Abstract

A coupling for connecting ground engaging tools to a lip of an excavator bucket or similar uses an eccentric rotating lock, whereby rotation of the lock alters the distance between bearing surfaces and thus allows tightening of the lock.

Claims

1. A coupling for connecting a wear member to a base, the coupling including a lock having at least two positions: a locked position whereby the wear member is restrained from moving relative to the base and an unlocked position in which the wear member is able to move relative to the base in an unrestrained manner, and wherein moving the lock from the locked position to the unlocked position urges the wear member away from the base, wherein: the lock has: an axis of rotation; and an engaging portion having: a convex outside wall facing radially away from the axis of rotation; and a concave inside wall facing radially towards the axis of rotation; the outside wall is shaped such that rotation of the lock about its axis of rotation in a first angular direction from the unlocked position to the locked position causes the outside wall to bear against the wear member or the base in order to restrain the wear member from moving away from the base; and the inside wall is shaped such that rotating of the lock about its axis of rotation in a second angular direction, opposite the first angular direction, from the locked position to the unlocked position causes the inside wall to bear against the wear member or the base in order to urge the wear member away from the base.

2. A coupling for connecting a wear member to a base as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radius of curvature of the inside wall varies in height about its circumference.

3. A coupling for connecting a wear member to a base as claimed in claim 1, wherein the engaging portion is annular.

4. A coupling for connecting a wear member to a base as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outside wall is shaped such that said rotation of the lock about its axis of rotation in the first angular direction causes the outside wall to bear against both the wear member and the base in order to restrain the wear member from moving away from the base.

5. A coupling for connecting a wear member to a base as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wear member is arranged to move relative to the base in a longitudinal direction, and wherein the axis of rotation is oriented at between 75° and 80° to the longitudinal direction.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) It will be convenient to further describe the invention with reference to preferred embodiments of the coupling mechanism of the present invention. Other embodiments are possible, and consequently the particularity of the following discussion is not to be understood as superseding the generality of the preceding description of the invention. In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 is a perspective of an adaptor and tooth having a coupling in accordance with the present invention, shown prior to coupling;

(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective of the adaptor and tooth of FIG. 1 shown coupled;

(4) FIG. 3 is a front perspective of a nose of the adaptor of FIG. 1, showing a first side;

(5) FIG. 4 is a rear perspective of the adaptor nose of FIG. 3, showing a second side;

(6) FIG. 5 is an external view of a lock-receiving aperture in the tooth of FIG. 1, shown prior to receiving a toothed ring;

(7) FIG. 6 is an internal view of the lock-receiving aperture of FIG. 5;

(8) FIG. 7 is an external view of the lock-receiving aperture of FIG. 5, shown with the toothed ring inserted;

(9) FIG. 8 is an internal view of the lock-receiving aperture of FIG. 7;

(10) FIG. 9(a) is a side view of the lock-receiving aperture of FIG. 5;

(11) FIG. 9(b) is a cross section through line P-P marked on FIG. 9a;

(12) FIG. 10 is an exploded view of a lock from the coupling of FIG. 1, viewed from the outside;

(13) FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the lock of FIG. 10, viewed from the inside;

(14) FIG. 12 is a set of side and plan views of a bearing member within the lock of FIG. 10;

(15) FIG. 13 is a set of side and plan views of an operable member within the lock of FIG. 10;

(16) FIG. 14(a) is a side view of the bearing member of FIG. 12;

(17) FIG. 14(b) is a cross section through line D-D marked on FIG. 14(a);

(18) FIG. 14(c) is a cross section through line E-E marked on FIG. 14(a);

(19) FIG. 14(d) is a cross section through line F-F marked on FIG. 14(a);

(20) FIG. 14(e) is a cross section through line G-G marked on FIG. 14(a);

(21) FIG. 14(f) is a cross section through line H-H marked on FIG. 14(a);

(22) FIG. 14(g) is a cross section through line I-I marked on FIG. 14(a);

(23) FIG. 14(h) is a cross section through line J-J marked on FIG. 14(a);

(24) FIG. 15(a) is a rear view of the tooth of FIG. 1, shown receiving the lock of FIG. 10;

(25) FIG. 15(b) is a rear view of the tooth of FIG. 15a, shown with the lock in place;

(26) FIG. 16 is a side view of the adaptor and tooth of FIG. 1 during coupling;

(27) FIG. 17 is a cross section through line A-A marked on FIG. 16;

(28) FIG. 18 is a cross section through line O-O marked on FIG. 17;

(29) FIG. 19 is an enlargement of a portion of FIG. 17 showing the lock of FIG. 10;

(30) FIG. 20 is a side view of the adaptor and tooth of FIG. 1 following coupling;

(31) FIG. 21 is a cross section through line C-C marked on FIG. 20;

(32) FIG. 22 is a cross section through line K-K marked on FIG. 21;

(33) FIG. 23 is an enlargement of a portion of FIG. 21 showing the lock of FIG. 10;

(34) FIG. 24 is a perspective of a driving tool being used to operate the coupling of FIG. 1;

(35) FIG. 24(a) is an exploded view of a portion of the lock of FIG. 10;

(36) FIGS. 25(a) to 25(c) are sequential cross sections of the driving tool of FIG. 24 in use;

(37) FIG. 26 is a plan view of the adaptor and tooth of FIG. 1;

(38) FIG. 27 is a cross section through line Q-Q marked on FIG. 26;

(39) FIG. 28 is a plan view of the adaptor and tooth of FIG. 1;

(40) FIG. 29 is a cross section through line Z-Z marked on FIG. 28;

(41) FIG. 30 is a plan view of the adaptor and tooth of FIG. 1;

(42) FIG. 31 is a cross section through line R-R marked on FIG. 30;

(43) FIG. 32 is a cross section through line W-W marked on FIG. 31;

(44) FIG. 33 is a cross section through line X-X marked on FIG. 31;

(45) FIG. 34 is a perspective of the nose of the adaptor of FIG. 1, showing some of the bearing areas of the nose;

(46) FIG. 35 is a perspective of a bucket lip and lip shroud having a coupling in accordance with the present invention, shown prior to coupling;

(47) FIG. 36 is a perspective of the bucket lip and lip shroud of FIG. 35 shown coupled;

(48) FIG. 37 is a rear perspective of the lip shroud of FIG. 35;

(49) FIG. 38 is a rear perspective of the lip shroud of FIG. 35 shown with an exploded view of a lock from within the coupling of FIG. 35;

(50) FIG. 39 is a cross section of the bucket lip and shroud of FIG. 35 during coupling; and

(51) FIG. 40 is a cross section of the bucket lip and shroud of FIG. 35 shown coupled.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(52) Referring to the Figures, FIG. 1 shows a portion of a lip 10 of an excavator bucket, onto which is located an adaptor 20. A tooth 70 is shown ready for attachment to the adaptor 20.

(53) The adaptor 20 has a body part 21; a nose 22 extending forwardly of the body part 21 onto which the tooth 70 can be located, and two legs 24 extending rearwardly of the body part 21 about the lip 10.

(54) The nose 22 can be more clearly seen in FIGS. 3 and 4. It has a front wall 26, a top 28, a first side wall 30, a bottom 32, and a second side wall 34. The top 28 and the bottom 32 each extend from the body part 21 to the front wall 26. The top 28 and the bottom 32 are not parallel, but are generally angled towards each other such that the nose 22 reduces in height towards the front wall 26, with the front wall 26 being about half the height of the body part 21.

(55) The first and second side walls 30, 34, each extend from the body portion 21 to the front wall 26. The first and second side walls 30, 34 are each stepped in from the body portion 21, but thereafter are generally parallel towards the front wall 26. The top 28, bottom 32 and front wall 26 are thus all generally rectangular, whereas the first and second side walls 30, 34 are generally trapezoid.

(56) The precise shapes of these surfaces will be discussed further below.

(57) The first side wall 30 and the second side wall 34 each include a recess 40. The recess 40 has a rear edge 42, which is generally parallel to the rearmost part of the respective side wall 30, 34, and an arcuate front edge 44, which extends from either end of the rear edge 42 towards the front wall 26.

(58) The recess 40 is generally tapered, such that it increases in depth towards the front wall 26. The recess 40 has a base 46, which is part frusto-conical in shape, the cone axis being nearly perpendicular to the side wall 30, 34 and being located towards the rear edge 42, and the cone angle being extremely shallow. In the embodiment shown, the cone axis is actually about 11° away from the perpendicular, with an outer end of the axis closer to the front wall 26 than an inner end. The base 46 is thus slightly convex. The rear of the base 46, which is the rear edge 42, is substantially level with the side wall 30, 34. The front of the base 46, which is located beneath the centre of the front edge 44, is inwardly spaced from the side wall 30, 34. An arcuate recess wall 48 extends between the front edge 44 and the base 46. The recess wall 48 is oriented at about 75° to the side wall 30, 34. The height of the recess wall 48 thus tapers from zero at its outer edges, at the ends of the rear edge 42, to a maximum height at the centre of the front edge 44.

(59) Each side wall 30, 34 also includes a locating boss 50. The boss 50 is located within the recess 40, and has an outer face 52. The outer face 52 is generally rectangular with parallel upper and lower edges 54 extending from the rear edge 42 of the recess 40 towards the front wall 26. The outer face 52 is slightly convex, with the upper and lower edges 54 being parallel to a central axis of the adaptor nose 22 and being level with the rear edge 42, and a centre line of the outer face 52 protruding slightly higher.

(60) The outer face 52 has a front edge 55. The corners between the front edge 55 and the upper and lower edges 54 are radiussed, with a radius of curvature about one-third of the length of the front edge 55. The boss 50 has a side wall 56 which is generally perpendicular to the outer face 52, and extends between the outer face 52 and the recess base 46. The side wall 56 consists of two flat triangular portions beneath the upper and lower edges 54, a rectangular front portion 58, and two part-conical joining portions. The front portion 58 is spaced from a front-most part of the recess wall 48.

(61) The tooth 70 has an internal cavity 72 which is generally complementary in shape to the nose 22 of the adaptor 20. The tooth 70 has a first side wall 74 which locates over the first side wall 30 of the nose 22.

(62) A lock-receiving aperture 76 extends through the first side wall 74 between an outside surface of the tooth 70 and the internal cavity 72. The aperture 76 is generally circular, and arranged to align with the recess 40 when the tooth 70 is located about the adaptor 20. The lock-receiving aperture 76 is shown in detail in FIGS. 5 to 9.

(63) The aperture 76 is not perpendicular to the first side wall 74, but is in fact oriented at an angle of about 10° to 15° toward the rear of the cavity 72. This can be most clearly seen in FIG. 9.

(64) The lock-receiving aperture 76 has three parts: a tooth recess 78 extending into the first side wall 74 from the internal cavity 72; a lock-locating recess 80 extending into the first side wall 74 from the outside surface of the tooth 70; and a ring-receiving portion 82 located between the tooth recess 78 and the lock-locating recess 80. The tooth recess 78 and the lock-locating recess 80 are both circular, being coaxial and of similar diameter. The ring-receiving portion 82 is substantially circular, and is of smaller diameter than the tooth recess 78 and lock-locating recess 80. The aperture 76 therefore has a stepped configuration.

(65) The ring-receiving portion 82 has a number of keyed apertures around its periphery, in order to securely receive a toothed ring 84 within. The toothed ring 84, which may be made of aluminium or a hard plastic, has a generally circular internal surface formed by a plurality of retaining teeth 86. The toothed ring 84 has outer keyed projections sized and shaped to be press fitted into the ring receiving portion 82 of the aperture 76. When the toothed ring 84 is thus fitted within the aperture 76, as shown in FIG. 7, the teeth 86 define the separation between the tooth recess 78 and the lock-locating recess 80.

(66) The tooth 70 is coupled to the nose 22 of the adaptor 20 by means of a lock 100. The lock 100 can be seen in FIGS. 10 and 11.

(67) The lock 100 includes a bearing member 102, a toothed engaging ring 104, and an operable member 106. The lock 100 also includes a screw 108 and a plug 110.

(68) The bearing member 102, which is shown in FIG. 12, has a generally cylindrical body portion 112 sized to locate within the tooth recess 78 of the tooth 70. The body portion 112 has a first side 114 oriented, in use, towards the outside of the tooth 70; and a second side 116 oriented, in use, towards the cavity 72.

(69) The first side 114 includes a centrally positioned, keyed recess 118 extending into the body portion 112.

(70) An engaging portion 120 is located on the second side 116, extending outwardly from the body portion 112.

(71) The engaging portion 120 has a generally annular outer face 122, which is angled relative to the sides 114, 116 of the body portion 112. The engaging portion 120 thus has an outside wall 124 and an inside wall 125 which extend at an angle of about 75° to 80° from the second side 116 of the body portion 112, the outside wall 124 and inside wall 125 both extending between the second side 116 of the body portion 112 and the outer face 122. The height of the outside wall 124 and inside wall 125 vary circumferentially about the outer face 122.

(72) Although the outer face 122 has been described as generally annular, the annulus is not circular. It includes an introductory portion 126, the introductory portion having an outer edge (that is, part of the outside wall 124) including both a part-cylindrical portion, having a radius close to the radius of the body portion 112 and a substantially straight portion. The outer face 122 also includes a spiralling portion 127 which gradually increases in radius through about 300°, from a minimum radius where it joins the substantially straight edge portion of the introductory portion 126, to a maximum radius where it joins the part-cylindrical portion of the introductory portion 126. The height of the outside wall 124 and the inside wall 125 are at a minimum at the part-cylindrical portion of the introductory portion. The height of the outside wall gradually increases along the introductory portion 126 and then the spiralling portion 127, reaching a maximum height at a location about 215° around the annulus from the minimum height portion. The height then decreases through the remaining 135° of the spiralling portion 127. This can be seen through consideration of the sequential cross sections of FIG. 14.

(73) It will also be observed that the outside wall 124 and inside wall 125 are not the same height, with the outside wall 124 being higher than the inside wall around the spiralling portion 127 and the inside wall being higher than the outside wall along the introductory portion 126.

(74) A screw receiving aperture 128 passes centrally through the body portion 112, inside the annulus of the engaging portion 120. The screw receiving aperture 128 is countersunk on the second side 116 of the body portion 112, again inside the annulus of the engaging portion 120.

(75) The toothed engaging ring 104 has engaging teeth 130 arranged about its outside, sized to engage with the retaining teeth 86 of the toothed ring 84. The toothed engaging ring 104 is formed from a resilient material such as rubber.

(76) The toothed engaging ring 104 has a keyed central aperture 132 which corresponds with the keyed recess of the bearing member 102.

(77) The operable member 106, best seen in FIG. 13, has a generally cylindrical body portion 134 sized to locate within the lock-locating recess 80 of the tooth 70. The body portion 134 has a first side 136 oriented, in use, towards the outside of the tooth 70; and a second side 138 oriented, in use, towards the cavity 72.

(78) The first side 136 includes a centrally positioned, square-sided hollow or recess 140 extending into the body portion 134.

(79) A keyed projection 142 is located on the second side 138, extending outwardly from the body portion 134. The keyed projection 142 is sized and shaped to engage with both the central aperture 132 of the engaging ring 104 and the keyed recess 118 of the bearing member 102. The keyed projection 142 includes a centrally located screw receiving aperture 144.

(80) The plug 110 is square sided, and arranged to be located within the square-sided recess 140. The plug 110 is formed of a resilient material fixed to a rigid base plate. The base plate includes an internally threaded screw engaging aperture 145.

(81) The arrangement is such that the engaging ring 104 and the bearing member 102 can be fitted in turn on the keyed projection 142 of the operable member 106, and these three elements of the lock 100 can be held together by the screw 108 passing through respective receiving apertures 128, 144 and being screwed into screw engaging aperture 145. It will be appreciated that the keyed arrangement prevents relative rotation, and the screw 108 clamps the components together to prevent relative axial movement. It is also noted that the engaging ring 104, being rubber, may be vulcanised to the operable member 106.

(82) The lock 100 can be fitted into the tooth 70 as shown in FIGS. 15(a) and 15(b), with the bearing member 102 inserted from the cavity 72 and the operable member 106 inserted from outside the tooth 70.

(83) Operation of the lock 100 in coupling the tooth 70 to the adaptor nose 22 will now be described.

(84) To prepare the coupling for use, the lock 100 is rotated within the tooth aperture 76 to a position whereby the introductory portion 126 of the engaging portion 120 is oriented towards the front of the tooth 70. This means that the outer face 122 of the engaging portion 120 is generally parallel to the inside of the tooth side wall 74, as the maximum height region of the engaging portion 120 is located within the portion of the tooth recess 78 which extends furthest inward from the inside wall.

(85) The tooth 70 can now be slid over the adaptor nose 22, to the position shown in FIGS. 16 to 19. In this position the highest part of the outer face 122 of the engaging portion 120 locates adjacent a rear part of the outer face 52 of the boss 50 of the adaptor nose 22. A portion of the inside wall 125 of the engaging portion 120 adjacent to the introductory portion 126 abuts and bears against the front portion 58 of the side wall 56 of the boss 50.

(86) Clockwise rotation of the lock 100 causes movement of the engaging portion 120 relative to the adaptor recess 40. Due to the increasing radius of the spiralling portion 127, as the lock 100 is rotated the inside wall 125 of the engaging portion 120 ceases to bear against the boss 50, but the outside wall 124 of the engaging portion 120 bears against the recess wall 48. The higher part of the engaging portion 120 moves into the recess 40, thus increasing the contact bearing area between the outside wall 124 and the recess wall 48.

(87) Rotation of the lock 100 through 180° is shown in FIGS. 20 to 23. In this position the lock 100 firmly holds the tooth 70 relative to the adaptor 20. In particular, the outside wall 124 of the engaging portion 120 is a first face of the lock 100, bearing against a first bearing surface 150 being the recess wall 48 of the adaptor 20; and the outer periphery of the body portion 112 of the bearing member 102 is a second face of the lock 100, bearing against a second bearing surface 152 being the tooth recess 78 of the tooth 70.

(88) It will be appreciated that the arrangement is such that the lock tightens against both first and second bearing surfaces 150, 152 without necessarily requiring 180° rotation.

(89) When removal of the lock 100 is required, the lock 100 can be rotated in the opposite direction. When the inside wall 125 comes into contact with the boss 50, further rotation acts to push the tooth 70 away from the body part 21 of the adaptor 20, allowing for easy removal of the tooth 70. This may be viewed as movement of the lock 100 between a locked position, in which the lock bears against both first and second bearing surfaces 150, 152; and an unlocked position in which the inside wall 125 bears against the front portion 58 of the boss 50, thus urging the tooth 70 away from the adaptor 20. It will be appreciated that the tooth 70 is urged away in a radial direction from the lock 100, and that its movement is therefore translational.

(90) In this way the lock 100 functions as a release mechanism for the tooth 70, moving between a first position (the locked position) in which the tooth 70 can be coupled to the adaptor 20 and a second position (the unlocked position) in which the tooth 70 is urged away from the adaptor 20.

(91) The lock 100 is maintained in a desired angular position by engagement between the retaining teeth 86 of the toothed ring 84 and the engaging teeth 130 of the engaging ring 104. When rotation of the lock 100 is required, this may be effected using a square-ended driver 160 as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25.

(92) The plug 110 is resilient, with an outer cover 111. Insertion of the square-ended driver 160 into the square-sided recess 140 causes compression of the plug 110, within the square-sided recess 140. When the driver 160 is removed, the plug 110 expands to again fill the recess 140. This sequence can be seen in FIGS. 25(a) to 25(c).

(93) In addition to the lock 100, coupling of the tooth 70 to the adaptor 20 is assisted by the complementary shape of the adaptor nose 22 and the tooth cavity 72.

(94) The top 28 and bottom 32 of the nose 22 each have a contoured surface, and include a first bearing surface 170 and second bearing surface 172, which are substantially flat, and are separated by concave joining surfaces 174. The first and second bearing surfaces 170, 172 are each narrower than the width of the nose 22, with the first bearing surface 170 being located within an apparent scooped portion 176 of the top 28 and bottom 32 near the front wall 26.

(95) The tooth cavity 72 is largely complementary in shape to the adaptor nose 22, with convex surfaces having curvature slightly less than the concave joining surfaces 174. This ensures small clearances around the curved surfaces, and full contact along the flat bearing surfaces 170, 172.

(96) The bearing connection between the adaptor 20 and the tooth 70 is in a centre portion of the adaptor nose 22. This can be seen in a comparison between a cross section taken through the centre, as in FIG. 27, and a cross section taken towards the side, as in FIG. 29.

(97) Although the coupling has been described as between a tooth and adaptor, it will be appreciated that other GET couplings can be locked together in a similar fashion. FIGS. 35 to 40 show a lip shroud 180 being connected to a bucket lip 10, onto which has been mounted a lock coupling 182 similar to the first side wall 30 of the adaptor nose 22. A lock 100 identical to that described in relation to the tooth 70 can be used to couple the lip shroud 180 to the lock coupling 182 in an analogous manner.

(98) Modifications and variations as would be apparent to a skilled addressee are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention.